托福听力经典加试
托福听力tpo65全套对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo65全套对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文Section 1Conversation1原文Listen to a conversation between a student and an employee in the housing office. Employee: Hi. Here for your room key?Student: Actually, no, I got a bill in the mail today.Employee: Yeah, don’t worry about it. Some students got a second copy of their housing bills. You can just ignore it if you’ve already paid.Student: Yeah, no, actually it’s my phone bill. I just got it and it looks like there were all these calls made during the summer break, and I wasn’t even here. I turned in my room key at the end of last term.Employee: Right, but do you remember making arrangements to have your phone service turned off before you left?Student: Was I supposed to do that?Employee: Yeah, you were.Student: I didn’t know that.Employee: Yeah, it’s in the contract.Student: What contract?Employee: Okay, you had service with the phone company, right?Student: Sure.Employee: And you got a copy of the contract when you signed out.Student: Yeah, I guess so.Employee: Well, okay then, it’s buried in the details of the contract in fine print. And I’ve got to admit that I might not have noticed it myself but I’ve dealt with two or three other cases like this. And it does state that it’s your responsibility to cancel the service.Student: Really?Employee: I’m afraid so. You might not have seen it, but it’s in there.Student: But I thought that the housing office automatically shuts the service off when the university closes for the summer break.Employee: I’m afraid not. Classes may end for you, but the university doesn’t close down. We have a whole summer program of short courses, so it’s likely that someone who was enrolled in the summer program was assigned to your old room and when they might plug the phone in...Student: The service was already there. Oh, wow! I really made a stupid mistake. Employee: Oh, well, don’t be too hard on yourself. There is a chance we could do something. What was your old room number?Student: Baker Hall, Room 622.Employee: Okay. It looks like someone did stay there over the break. What I can do is contact them and ask them to give us a call, then we’ll explain what happened and we’ll give them your contact information.Student: Okay, but what if you don’t get a reply.Employee: Well, I hope that doesn’t happen, because if it does, then you are on your own. Again, what it comes down to is this，you signed a contract with the phone company, and there is really not much we can do to help you at this point.题目1.Why does the student go to the housing office?A. To request a telephone for her dormitory roomB. To turn in the key to her dormitory roomC. To ask about an unexpected bill she receivedD. To request an explanation about a bill she had already paid2.What mistake did the student make?A. She forgot to pay her housing fee.B. She did not cancel her telephone service.C. She failed to clean out her dormitory room.D. She forgot to return her dormitory key to the housing office.3.What does the man imply about the student with regard to her contract for telephone service?A. The student needs to show him the contract.B. The student failed to pick up a copy of the contract from the housing office.C. The student forgot to sign a copy of the contract.D. The student did not read the contract carefully.4.What does the man imply about the telephone bill?A. It might have been sent to the student by mistake.B. It may be larger than the student expects.C. The student may need to pay it.D. The student should send it back to the telephone company.5.Why does the student say this:Student: Actually, no, I got a bill in the mail today.Employee: Yeah, don’t worry about it. Some students got a second copy of their housing bills. You can just ignore it if you’ve already paid.Student: Yeah, no, actually it’s my phone bill.A. To correct a misunderstandingB. To apologize for interrupting the manC. To thank the man for the information he has providedD. To show her surprise at what the man just said答案C BD C A译文1.旁白：听一个学生和住房办公室员工之间的对话。
tpo托福听力练习题
tpo托福听力练习题托福听力练习题参考答案及解析托福听力是考试中的一个重要部分，通过听力练习题可以帮助考生提高听力水平，熟悉题型，并掌握一些解题技巧。
下面是一些常见的TPO 托福听力练习题的参考答案及解析。
1. ConversationQuestion: What is the man's main problem?Answer: He is having trouble finding a place to live on campus.Explanation: In the conversation, the man mentions that he has been trying to find a place to live on campus, but all the dorms are full. This indicates that his main problem is not being able to find an on-campus accommodation.2. LectureQuestion: What does the professor mainly discuss?Answer: The impact of climate change on marine life.Explanation: The professor mentions that with the rise in ocean temperatures, many marine species are facing challenges such as coral bleaching and migration. This indicates that the main topic of the lecture is the impact of climate change on marine life.3. DiscussionQuestion: What is one solution proposed by the speakers?Answer: Building more bike lanes in the city.Explanation: In the discussion, one of the speakers suggests that building more bike lanes in the city can encourage people to commute by bike, reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. This indicates that building more bike lanes in the city is one solution proposed by the speakers.4. LectureQuestion: What is the main topic of the lecture?Answer: The evolution of language.Explanation: In the lecture, the professor discusses how language has evolved over time, from early forms of communication to the development of complex language systems. This indicates that the main topic of the lecture is the evolution of language.5. ConversationQuestion: Why does the woman want to get a refund?Answer: The product she bought was defective.Explanation: In the conversation, the woman mentions that the product she bought is not working properly and she wants to get a refund. This indicates that the reason she wants a refund is that the product she bought was defective.通过以上参考答案及解析，我们可以看到在托福听力练习题中，正确理解对话或讲座的关键信息是回答问题的关键。
2024托福考试必备听力历年真题练习
2024托福考试必备听力历年真题练习Part 1: Conversation-based Questions1. What is the main topic of the conversation?2. Where does the conversation most likely take place?3. What can be inferred about the woman?Part 2: Problem-Solving Questions1. What is the man's problem?2. What are the possible solutions mentioned?3. What solution does the woman suggest?Part 3: Academic Discussions1. What is the main purpose of the discussion?2. What is the man's opinion on the topic?3. What evidence does the woman provide to support her argument? Part 4: Academic Lectures1. What is the topic of the lecture?2. What is the professor's main point?3. How does the example illustrate the professor's main point?Part 5: Campus Life1. Which club is the woman a member of?2. Why does the woman need financial support?3. What does the man offer to do for the woman?Part 6: Academic and Social Skills1. What topic does the professor introduce?2. What is one characteristic of the topic?3. How can this characteristic be beneficial?Part 7: Science and Technology1. What is the main function of the new software?2. How does the new software differ from the old version?3. What benefit does the new software bring to users?Part 8: Advanced Level Discussions1. What is the main topic of the conversation?2. What is the man's opinion on the topic?3. How does the woman respond to the man's opinion?As the 2024 TOEFL exam is approaching, it is essential for test-takers to engage in practice sessions that familiarize them with the format and content of the listening section. One effective way to prepare is by practicing with authentic past TOEFL listening questions.In the first part of the listening section, conversation-based questions are asked. These questions assess your ability to understand the main topic of aconversation, the location where the conversation is most likely taking place, and inferencing skills about the individuals involved.The second part of the listening section focuses on problem-solving questions. These questions require you to identify the problem the speaker is facing, analyze potential solutions mentioned, and determine the best solution based on the information provided.Part three comprises academic discussions, where you are expected to identify the main purpose of the discussion, the opinions of the speakers, and supporting evidence used in the conversation.In the fourth part, academic lectures are presented, and you need to comprehend the lecture topic, understand the professor's main point, and recognize how examples or illustrations are used to support the main point.The fifth part revolves around campus life, where you must gather information about the activities, clubs, and student organizations, as well as understand the financial support and assistance offered by individuals or institutions.For the sixth part, academic and social skills are discussed. You are required to recognize the topic introduced by the professor, identify specific characteristics, and understand the potential benefits associated with these characteristics.The seventh part focuses on science and technology, exploring advancements and innovations. It requires you to understand the main functions of software or devices, identify differences between different versions, and recognize the benefits provided by newer technologies.The eighth part consists of advanced level discussions, where complex topics are debated. You are expected to identify the main topic of the conversation, grasp the speakers' opinions, and understand how the conversation unfolds based on different perspectives.By practicing with past TOEFL listening questions, you can improve your listening skills, become more familiar with various question types, and enhance your understanding of spoken English. Regular practice will help you feel more confident and prepared for the listening section of the 2024 TOEFL exam.Remember to listen carefully, take notes when necessary, and pay attention to key details and information. Developing good listening strategies and practicing with a variety of listening materials will significantly contribute to your success in the TOEFL listening section.。
托福听力tpo62全套对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo62全套对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文Section 1 (1)Conversation1 (1)原文 (1)题目 (3)答案 (5)译文 (5)Lecture1 (7)原文 (7)题目 (9)答案 (11)译文 (12)Lecture2 (13)原文 (13)题目 (16)答案 (18)译文 (18)Section 2 (20)Conversation2 (20)原文 (20)题目 (21)答案 (23)译文 (23)Lecture3 (25)原文 (25)题目 (27)答案 (29)译文 (29)Section 1Conversation1原文Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.Student: So the reason I came in, Professor Williams, well, it’s about what you wereexplaining in your philosophy class today.Professor: Yes?Student: En, Yeah, the whole thing about simulations, would you …would you mind going over that with me again?Professor: No problem. The main point of the book I was referring to is that, well, in a post-modern world, we live in a world of unreal images of simulations. For example, the things we see on TV become a reality for us even though they are not in fact real. They’re representations, simulations of reality.Student: Post-modern world?Professor: Right. It came after the modern one.Student: Gee...thanks a lot.Professor: No, sorry. You are right. Post-modern, well, that’s a sticky term that covers a lot of things. Let’s save that for later. But back to my point about simulation, it leads to hyper-realism, a feeling that something is more real than real.Student: Wow…Wow, I’m sorry. But all this is…I just don’t get it.Professor: Video games, virtual reality, theme parks, all of these remove us from reality. Worse yet, we can begin to think these simulations, these fake experiences are real, or we don’t know the difference anymore.Student: Well, actually I’m starting to think this class is not for me. In fact, I wonder if I might not do better just to drop the course.Professor: Oh, you are still having trouble following this?Student: Yeah, I just don’t think I’m cut out for philosophy. I signed up because my academic advisor…well, I feel like my advisor sort of pushed me into it. Professor: I see. If I may ask, what are you interested in?Student: I want to be a lawyer.Professor: Well, then you need a firm base in logic and argumentation, so this philosophy course is basically a necessity for you.Student: I hope not. I could only get maybe half the lecture.Professor: That’s pretty good then. I covered a lot, probably too much. And these were only some opening remarks for the first day of class. I was just skimming through some contemporary ideas and, well, more cultural theory than actual philosophy, so you needn’t worry. Starting next week, we are going to read some real philosophy, primary sources like Plato, Rousseau, Emerson. And you’ll be able to talk about them in small discussion groups led by graduate assistants.Student: Well, I don’t know.Professor: I understand you are uneasy about this course, but, well, give it another chance, attend a few more sessions, get into your assigned discussion group, then see how you feel. Look, these ideas, like what post-modernism really is. They are ideas that people developed over years, careers, lifetimes. I didn’t mean to scare you.Student: I guess I should have just taken it in the spirit it’s intended, as an intro. You are right that instead of trying to wrap my mind around every little detail all at once, I need to work on seeing the bigger picture and not getting so stressed out. Professor: Well, don’t think you are going to learn all the law right away either. Have you looked at the law library lately?Student: Yeah. Talk about scary!题目1.What is the conversation mainly about?A. Reasons that philosophical concepts are difficult to defineB. The intended purpose of the discussion groupsC. The student's difficulties in trying to understand some informationD. The relevance of philosophy to the student's long-term goals2.How does the student feel about the professor's explanation of simulations?A. He finds it amusing and interesting.B. He feels even more confused than before.C. He is grateful for the clarification.D. He realizes that he already understands the general concept.3.Who influenced the student to sign up for the philosophy course?A. The philosophy professorB. A law librarianC. A graduate assistantD. An academic adviser4.What does the professor imply that she should have done differently in the first class?A. She should have stressed the practical importance of philosophy.B. She should have discussed the readings for the course in greater detail.C. She should not have included so much material in the lecture.D. She should not have frightened the students by mentioning a challenging assignment.5.What does the professor imply will make the student feel more comfortable with the course in the future?[Click on 2 answers.]A. She will explain postmodernism in much more detail.B. The class will read works by writers whose ideas she expects will interest the student.C. The student will have opportunities to talk about the course material in a small group.D. The student will be able to make use of the law library.答案C BD C BC译文请听一段学生和教授之间的对话。
托福听力tpo69section1-对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo69section1对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文Conversation1 (2)原文 (2)题目 (4)答案 (7)译文 (7)Lecture1 (9)原文 (9)题目 (13)答案 (15)译文 (15)Conversation1原文Student:Hi I'm Robert West,we had an appointment. University administrator:You hear about your graduation form right?I'm about to print it out.Student:Oh good,thanks,I was kind of wondering what it is all about,I mean,I’ve completed more than enough courses work to graduate.University administrator:All this is strictly routine,of course you have to finish your course work.But this form is just the administrative checklist.It's our way of making sure you don't have any unfinished university business,like unpaid tuition bills or lab fees that’s sort of thing.Student:Well,I do have an outstanding student loan,but I was told that I don't have to start paying that off yet,not until I get a job,I do have a job interview tomorrow.University administrator:well,good luck with it,but not your loan,it's not an issue here.Let’s see,the only problem I see is um，what’s this fine for…uh,an overdue CD that you borrowfrom the music library.Student:Really?I…I checked it out,like three months ago,but wasn’t really for me.University administrator:Oh,you checked it out for a friend？Student:No,for a faculty member actually.We need that music for a play we produced.Uh,professor Williams was our director and I was in the show.Anyway,he’d asked me to borrow the recording from the library.University administrator:Okay,but that still doesn't explain why you didn't return it.Student:Well,he ended up with it.He says he’d return it.And I just assumed that was that.Because I never heard anything from the library.University administrator:That’s all,you used it and you know this.Student:Yeah,Oh,but I did recently move to a new apartment, maybe they did send something.University administrator:Okay,well this should’ve been done in a time in manner.But as they say better late than never,if you return the CD now,you get away with just a late time,which is a lot less than the fee to replace it.Student:Yeah,but it's totally not my fault,so now I have to track down the CD to avoid having to pay this replacement fee. University administrator:Well,yes.I mean it sounds like there was some kind of a mix-up,but the burden is still on you to settle your library account.You know it,it might be that their records are wrong,so first I suggest you go there make sure and then you might have to go talk to professor Williams. Student:Oh,I guess I have no choice.University administrator:Don't worry too much,these things always get sorted out.Student:Yeah,you’re right.It's no big thing,I should be more worried about my job,interview,then about this. University administrator:And when it’s all worked out,come back here for your paper work.题目.Why does the student go to see the woman?A.To make sure he has completed enough course work to graduateB.To find out when his student loan must be paid backC.To pick up an administrative formD.To complain about a library fine2.What is the student's problem?A.He forgot to return some library books.B.He cannot start paying off his student loan yet.C.He paid his graduation fee too late.D.He owes money to the music library.3.Who is Professor Williams?A.The head of the libraryB.The director of a play the student was inC.The student's music professorD.The person who arranged a job interview for the student4.What is the most likely reason the student did not receive the notice from the library?A.He recently moved.B.He has been out of town.C.The library just mailed it the day before.D.The library sent it to Professor Williams.5.What can be inferred about the student when he says this: University administrator:Well,yes.I mean it sounds like there was some kind of a mix-up,but the burden is still on you to settle your library account.You know it,it might be that their records are wrong,so first I suggest you go there make sure and then you might have to go talk to professor Williams. Student:Oh,I guess I have no choice.A.He is not sure how to respond to the woman.B.He feels he has been treated unfairly.C.He wonders if there is another solution.D.He does not think the woman's suggestions will work.答案C D B A B译文1.学生：嗨！我是Robert West，我们之前有约。
托福听力测试题及答案
托福听力测试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. What is the main topic of the lecture?A) The history of the Renaissance.B) The impact of the Industrial Revolution.C) The development of modern art.D) The significance of ancient architecture.2. According to the professor, what is the primary reason for the decline in the number of honeybees?A) The use of pesticides in agriculture.B) The loss of natural habitats.C) The spread of diseases among bees.D) The invasion of non-native bee species.3. What does the student suggest as a solution to the problem discussed in the conversation?A) Conducting more research.B) Implementing new regulations.C) Organizing public awareness campaigns.D) Developing new technologies.4. Why does the woman decide to take a different course next semester?A) The course schedule conflicts with her work hours.B) She is not interested in the subject matter.C) The professor has a reputation for being difficult.D) She has already taken a similar course.5. What is the main purpose of the campus tour mentioned in the lecture?A) To introduce new students to the campus facilities.B) To highlight the university's academic achievements.C) To promote the university to potential students.D) To raise funds for campus improvements.二、填空题（每题1分，共5分）6. The speaker mentions that the _______ is a key factor in determining the success of a business.7. In the dialogue, the man suggests that they should _______ before making a decision.8. The professor explains that the _______ theory has been widely accepted in the field of psychology.9. The woman is concerned about the _______ of the new policy on the local community.10. The student is looking for a part-time job that offers_______ and flexible hours.三、简答题（每题2分，共4分）11. Summarize the main points of the lecture on environmental conservation.12. What are the potential benefits of the proposed research project discussed in the conversation?四、论述题（每题3分，共3分）13. Discuss the role of technology in modern education andits implications for the future of learning.答案：1-5: D A C A C6. innovation7. consult with an expert8. cognitive dissonance9. impact10. health insurance11. The lecture covered the importance of biodiversity, the threats to natural habitats, and the need for sustainable practices.12. The research could lead to new treatments for diseases, improve public health, and contribute to scientific knowledge.13. Technology has revolutionized education by providing access to a wealth of information and interactive learning tools. However, it also raises concerns about the potential loss of human interaction and the digital divide.。
托福听力tpo66 lecture1、2、3 原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo66lecture1、2、3原文+题目+答案+译文Lecture1 (1)原文 (1)题目 (3)答案 (5)译文 (5)Lecture2 (7)原文 (7)题目 (9)答案 (11)译文 (11)Lecture3 (13)原文 (13)题目 (15)答案 (17)译文 (18)Lecture1原文Professor:OK,today,I want to talk about sleep.We all sleep.Human sleep,many animal sleep.When we sleep,we aren't actually unconscious,but in a state of reduced awareness of our surroundings.Now,what does that mean for animals in the wild,if they are in a state like that?Unable to monitor their environment?Male Student:Well,they're helpless,vulnerable to predators,maybe.Professor:Right.They are vulnerable to predators.Yeah,they sleep.So let's talk about why,the biology of sleep.So the first thing l want you to understand is that sleeps a very risky behavior.And risky don't evolve unless they bring the animals some kind of benefit that outweighs that risk.So sleep must have a really important function.And I want to emphasize that there is a difference between sleep and other forms of inactivity,like regular rest.The insects,for instance,rest.But they don't sleep.What's specific to sleep is thatthe brain alters many of its usual activities,including its connection to sensory and motor organs,it shuts those connections down.So a sleeping animal can usually neither sense nor move.And I say usually because…well,we will get to that in a minute.So,basically all mammals and birds sleep.But there are some unusual ways of sleeping.Take marine mammals.Like dolphins,dolphins need to swim up for air once in a while,so they can't completely shut off all movement and sensation.So their brain can't shut down completely.But dolphins get around this.How?won't they sleep one brain hemisphere at a time?Sleeping dolphins actually look like they're just resting,awake and occasionally swim up for air.So how can we even tell their sleeping?Well,we measured their brain activity which showed that1/2was active while the other was sleeping.That's some adaptation, uh?So,what is the function of sleep?As I said,it must be important,but why?Okay.I know you're all tempted to say,uh,that sleeps when the whole body rests that sleep is our mechanism to recover from physical activity.And it's true.When you sleep, your muscles lose their tone,they relax,the body saves energy.But this could happen even during regular waking rest.I mean,that's probably what happens when insects rest.You don't need sleep for that.You can get the same benefit by resting awake.So this doesn't explain why sleep involved.To explain the real function,the most important benefit of sleep.You'll need to focus on the brain,not the muscles.Remember how we can tell that a dolphin sleeping not just resting,is because of a unique pattern of brain activity,which is a clue that sleeps function has to do specifically with the brain.And that's the general consensus cause,that's what could explain by it evolved.It also explains why sleep is a characteristic of mammals and birds,because they have the most complex brains of all animals.The simpler brain uh like a reptile gets by with little sleep or even without sleep.OK,so we know that sleep benefits the brain but in what way?We are notsure yet.Okay.So one hypothesis is that during sleep,the brain's synthesize molecules that it needs for proper functioning when awake.The longer we stay awake,the more those molecules get depleted.So the brain needs to replenish them,and this supposedly happens during sleep.I'm talking about energy sources like glycogen and some types of neuro-transmitter that are needed to transmit signals between nerve cells.So these get replenish during sleep and the next morning our brain is working with a full supply of energy and neuro-transmitters again.With that explains why we feel so alert and mentally refreshed after night sleep.Yes,Jim?Male Student:Well,you know,I don't work well in the morning at all.Female Student:Yeah,I do my best work at night too.Professor:Not everyone's at their best in the morning.I grant you that.But that doesn't rule out the replenishment hypothesis.It's just a bit more complicated than I said.They were fairly sure that there's this other rhythm of mental activity going on that independent of sleep.It's like a pre-program24hours cycle.Your mental activity peaks at a certain hour every day,like at night,for you two.And then it goes down at some other point.But the point is that after a sleepless night,that peak is not as high as it would normally be,and the longer you go without,the lower those peaks get. So the replenishment may be needed to keep the metal high.Does that make sense? The two mechanisms are not mutually exclusive.That's what I'm trying to say.题目1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?A.To explain why people sleep at night rather than during the dayB.To discuss the problems caused by a lack of sleepC.To explain why muscles in the body need sleepD.To explore benefits that are provided by sleep but not by regular rest2.Why does the professor mention that sleep is a risky behavior?A.To suggest that resting while awake is better than sleepingB.To indicate how important the benefits of sleep must beC.To explain why many animals sleep during the dayD.To explain why birds sleep less than mammals3.According to the professor,why is the sleep of dolphins unusual?A.Their sleep is interrupted whenever they need to come up for air.B.They can move around while they are asleep.C.In every dolphin group only half of the dolphins are asleep at any given time.D.Their brains show no activity during sleep.4.What does the professor conclude about the view that the main function of sleep is to allow the body to recover from physical activity?A.It is true for all animals except marine mammals.B.It is supported by measurements of brain activity.C.It explains why sleep has evolved.D.It is not convincing when examined more closely.5.According to the hypotheses discussed by the professor,what determines howalert we feel at a particular time of the day?[Click on2answers.]A.The supply of certain chemicals in our brainB.The chemical composition of our dietC.Our24-hour cycle of mental activityD.The time of day when we usually wake up6.Why do the students say this:Male Student:Well,you know,I don't work well in the morning at all.Female Student:Yeah,I do my best work at night too.A.To show the professor that they have understood the theoryB.To support the professor's point that people tend to be active at the same timeC.To point out a fact that seems to contradict the hypothesis the professor just discussedD.To indicate that they would like to change their sleeping habits答案D B B D AC C译文教授：好的，今天我想谈谈睡眠。
新托福考试听力测试经典型：连接内容题+推理题
1.内容连接题分类 (频率: 0.5/套) (1)配对表格题：重要信息对号入座，侧重于考察多个时间、地点、人物、事件的对应／ 段落中主要论点下的各分支及各分支定义和主要特点 Drag the appropriate description of each marmot species‘ behavior to the box below the marmot’s name. Now I’ll talk about three important factors The first is…… The other/ second is…… The third/ last is……
Q3:In the talk, the professor describes the sequence of uranium-lead dating. Summarize the sequence by putting the events in the correct order. Drag your answer choices to spaces where they belong. A. Zircon in the sandstone is matched to the zircon in a particular mountain range. B. The amount of lead in sandstone zircon is measured C. The age of zircon in a sandstone sample is determined
the age of one of your mountain ranges, then it means the sandstone actually used to be part of that particular mountain range. Is everybody with me on that? Good. So, in this case, UraniumLead Dating was used to establish that half of the sandstone in the samples was formed at the same time the granite in the Appalachian Mountains was formed. So because of this, this new way of doing Uranium-Lead Dating, we’ve been able to determine that one of our major assumptions about the Grand Canyon was wrong.
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神经元细胞（四道题）来源: 太傻网考试频道整理时间: 2008年07月04日lecture神经胶质细胞研究。
教授说早期对人类大脑的研究集中在神经细胞neuron，让一男生起来回答上节课的主要内容，男生说生物电生物电bioelectricity 通过神经细胞传导，通过两个神经细胞的接触点传到下一个细胞，有趣的是。
说到这里被教授打断，说他答得已经很完整了（有题，问教授打断他的用意）。
神经胶质细胞glial cells的作用在早期被忽视了，人们认为胶质细胞只有支持神经细胞的作用。
后来人们发现胶质细胞也有传导信息的作用，不是通过生物电，而是化学物质传导。
于是总共有三种传导方式，神经细胞间，胶质细胞间，神经和胶质细胞互相传导。
而且发现胶质细胞的数量及其巨大，远多于神经细胞。
同时还可能有修复神经细胞，决定哪些神经长的大［记得可能不准］。
教授又说，胶质细胞可能与智力有关，越多智商越高，但这不确定。
教授说对胶质细胞的研究是一个很open up的领域，建议学生们可以考虑毕业后作深入研究（有题）。
重要：biology 讲glial cell。
以往人们对神经传导的研究仅限于neuron（神经元），也叫nerve cell。
神经传导通过electrical communication从一个结点传到另一个结点，神经元被认为起主要作用，glial cell研究的很少，一直被忽略，被看作help the growth of neurons (出题)，起辅助作用。
后来偶然发现大脑中glial cell比neuron的数目多很多，glial cell引起了科学家的重视，开始研究它究竟起什么作用（此处出题，问glial cell怎么引起科学家注意的）。
后来有一重大突破，发现glial cell传导信号不是用的electrical signal，而是用chemical conductor（一说chemical communication）（此处出题）。
传统观点一直误以为glial cell也像nerve cell一样用电信号。
后来谈到glial cell可能的作用：使人更intelligent。
对glial cell的认识目前十分有限，但相关研究已经开始流行，是大家毕业之后可选的研究课题（此处出题）Glial cell is thought to help the growth of neurons. However, scientists accidentally discover that glial’s amount is much more than the neuron. So glial attract people’s attention. They use chemical conductor to communicate with others. So glial to neuron, g to n, g to g, n to n are all available. In the past glial was thought to support nerve cell.Glial cells (神经胶质细胞)and Neurons （神经细胞）Glial cells, commonly called neuroglia or simply glia, are non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. In the human brain,glia are estimated to outnumber neurons by about 10 to 1.[1]Glial cells provide support and protection for neurons, the other main type of cell in the central nervous system. They are thus known as the "glue"胶水 of the nervous system. The four main functions of glial cells are to surround neurons and hold them in place固定, to supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons供养, to insulate one neuron from another隔开, and to destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons破坏病菌，转移死N.Glia was discovered in 1856 by the pathologist Rudolf Virchow in his search for a 'connective tissue' in the brain大脑的连接组织.The human brain contains about ten times more glial cells than neurons. [1] Following its discovery in the late 19th century, this fact underwent significant media distortion, emerging as the famous myth claiming that "we are using only 10% of our brain". The role of glial cells as managers of communications in the synapse突触 gap, thus modifying learning pace, has been discovered only very recentlyIn addition to neurons, the nervous system is populated with another category of cells, glial cells. Glial cells are approximately 10 times more plentiful than neurons, but since they are approximately one-tenth the size, they take up equal size, glia is a Greek term meaning glue, researches originally believed that glial cells served as the putty that held the neurons together, recent research indicates that these cells provide very important contributions.a neuron is the functioning unit of the nervous system, specialized to receive, integrate, and transmit information, the flow of information moves in the following direction.ID Problem来源: 时间: 2008年07月04日女学生丢了钱包（里面有她的student id & meal card& key等东西.），无法回dorm。
于是去student service办id card，遇到staff（口音像是一位黑人大叔）把守，说没有id card 不能进去，要么出示dirving license，要么是有头像照片的本本，比如passport什么的。
但是女生说，我的wallet丢了，id card没了，passport 也在dorm里面，而没有id card，dorm不让进(有题目,问她为什么拿不到passport?)。
后来女说这个问题她和dorm负责人说过，有email 到这里做说明，staff查了查，果然如此，然后staff又说如果你能正确说出passport 的number，就让她进去，女学生从容的说出了number，他说OK,你可以进去了,但是你会受到监视.MM说, who cares! MM又说了:她的meal card也掉了.管理员说:你在里面办ID的时候也可以顺便办了meal card. MM说:你真的是帮了我很大的忙啊! 管理员:if you have some other problems, I am glad to help you. MM, you help! (降调的)à有考到态度题,问MM为什么这么说?(记得两选项:1.MM怀疑这个管理员是不是能帮他. 2.MM在解决了所有的问题之后如释重负.)浪漫主义诗歌来源: 太傻网考试频道整理时间: 2008年07月04日literature 主要讲了18-19 世纪英国浪漫主义(Romanticism)诗歌的代表人Wardsworth的诗。
他是浪漫主义的鼻祖，但浪漫主义这个称谓是后人加上的，不是他们本身这样称呼自己的（此处出题）。
Romanticism不是我们平时理解的romance，和男女之间的爱情无关。
Romanticism针对的是common people而不是少数educated people，用的是simple language，描述的是日常生活中常见的事物，孩子，人类情感，以及自然和人类之间的互动。
教授以自己为例，说自己在散步时感受到了这种互动（此处出题）与romanticism针锋相对的一种风格是neoclassicism新古典主义，也是那位romanticism的鼻祖很反对的。
neoclassicism使用太多的elaboration，如sky不叫sky，而叫blue什么的；bird不叫bird，而叫feathered person。
教授把该诗人的作品分为三个阶段。
早期的浪漫主义作品，主要描述植物的(花与草)诗歌。
中期时是对一些社会现象的评论。
后期时对早期的作品进行修改。
目前文学界还是认为它早期的作品是最好的。