暑假语法教研 泡泡语法班教研资料
暑期考研集训营教案 同位语详解
关键词：暑期考研暑期考研集训在英语中有时一些词或者短语、从句并不能表达完整的意思，需要作者对它们进行解释说明，这时就出现了“同位语”。
换句话说，在用一个名词、短语、句子充当名词来解释说明另一个名词、短语和句子时，这个就叫“同位语”。
因为同位语和被解释说明的部分无论从内容和句法功能上说都是相同的，所以它们就像是句子中的双生花一样，共生共存。
同位语作为考研英语语法的一大难点被出题人所青睐，今天，中公考研英语教研室的老师就为大家详细讲解同位语。
因为同位语的功能是解释说明名词或名词性成分，所以能够充当同谓语的也是名词性成分。
名词性成分不管包含名词，也包含着反身代词、数词、现在分词短语、to do不定式和句子。
具体例子如下：(1)名词做同位语Mr. Smith, my English teacher, will go back his homeland.我的英语老师史密斯先生要回他的祖国了。
(2)反身代词做同位语I myself was praised by the major of city as the winner of the game. 我作为比赛的赢家受到了市长的表彰。
(3)数词做同位语My number, 12345, was changes last week. 我上周换掉了那个12345的号码。
(4)V-ing短语The job, picking up the phones, is extremely boring.接打电话的工作无聊至极。
(5)to do不定式My dream, to watch the final game of the World Cup, is coming true.我那个去看世界杯决赛的梦想就要实现了。
(6)句子The news that the movie star died of the car accident made all his fans heartbroken.电影明星死于车祸的消息让他的粉丝心碎了。
暑期班之功能语法
功能主义语法研究的兴起
Shopen, Timothy, ed. 1985(2007) Language typology and syntactic description. 3 vols. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press.
功能主义语法研究的兴起
2009年全国语言学暑期高级讲习班
功能语法研究
功能主义语法研究的兴起
二十世纪六十年代，Chomsky早期句法理论对意义的忽视引 发学者们语义角度的语法思考。
有代表性的是菲尔墨和切夫： re, Charles. 1968. The case for case, in Universals in
Linguistic Theory, ed. by Emmon Bach and Robert T. Harms. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York. ———. 1977. The case for case reopened, in Syntax and semantics, Vol.8, ed. by P. Cole and J. M. Sadock. Chafe, Wallace. 1970. Meaning and Structure of Language. University of Chicago Press.
Helsuvo; 7. Sentences as combinations of clauses. Robert E. Longacre.
功能主义语法研究的兴起
Volume 3, Grammatical categories and the lexicon
1985 Part I. The Word 1. Typological distinctions in word formation. Stephen R. Anderson; 2. Lexicalization patterns: semantic structure in lexical forms. Leonard Talmy; Part II. Grammatical Categories 3. Inflectional morphology. Stephen R. Anderson; 4. Tense, aspect, and mood. Sandra Chung and Alan Timberlake; 5. Deixis. Stephen R. Anderson and Edward L. Keenan; Part III. Derivational Morphology 6. Causative verb formation and other verb–deriving morphology. Bernard Comrie; 7. Lexical nominalization. Bernard Comrie; 2007 1. Typological distinctions in word formation. Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald; 2. Lexical typologies. Leonard Talmy; 3. Inflectional morphology. Balthasar Bickel and Johanna Nichols; 4. Gender and noun classes. Greville G. Corbett; 5. Aspect, tense, mood. Alan Timberlake; 6. Lexical nominalization. Bernard Comrie.
暑期英语提升语法讲义
暑期英语提升———语法讲义It的用法【学前自测】1. It was only when I reread his poems recently __ I began to appreciate their beauty.A．until B．sine C．then D．that2. I hate _________ when people talk with their mouths full.A．it B．that C．these D．them3. In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _______.A. that used to beB. it is used toC. it was used toD. it used to be4. I’d appreciate __________ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.A. thatB. itC. thisD. /5.（改错）David and I did not agree and David pointed to a path which he thought it would probably lead to a village．6. 判断下列属于it的何种句型或句式：①It is for three hours that they have been back. 句型或句式：②It is a wonder that he is still alive. 句型或句式：序言：It的用法在高考中也是重现率较高的语言点，尤其是it用于强调句。
其考查方式多通过“单项填空”进行，偶尔也出现在“短文改错”、“完形填空”和“短文填词”中。
I、要点点拔一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情。
Lesson 4情景交际 人教版英语暑假语法专题教案(七升八)
Lesson 4情景交际【内容提要】情景交际【知识要点回硕】1. 问路与指路2. 询问及描述外貌【考点突破】例1 --- Excuse me, where is the nearest bus stop? --- .A. I don't want to sayB. Go straight ahead for 50 metersC. It will take an hour to go there[解析] 本题考查问路与指路的表达。
选项A的意思是"我不想说",作为答语显得不礼貌,故排除;选项B 的意思是"一直向前走50米";选项C的意思是"到那儿要花费一个小时的时间"。
只有选项B是指路的。
[答案] B例2 --- What does your father look like?--- He is and build.A. tall; of mediumB. tall; in mediumC. of tall; at medium[解析] 本题考查询问外貌的情景交际。
问的是父亲的外貌,答语中外貌的表述:主语+is/are+形容词或主语+and+介词短语。
medium build中等身材,所以第一空选tall,第二空选of medium,意思是"他高个子,中等身材"。
[答案] A【知识点拨】情景交际题的解题方法1.仔细审题,明确大意。
即在对话不完整的情况下,尽量弄懂该对话的大意和情景(购物、看病、问路、约会等)。
2.分析对话,试填答案。
在解题过程中,根据具体语境和上下文,分析、判断对话中所缺部分应填的内容。
3.全文复读,融会贯通。
在填好答案之后,应从头到尾再把对话读一遍,按照对话情境和中心内容,推断答案是否正确。
【试题研究】一、单项选择(B) 1. --- Excuse me, are there any bookstores around here?--- , but there are some on Center Street.A. Yes, there areB. No, there aren'tC. Yes, there is(C) 2. --- Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the nearest railway station?--- Sorry, I don't know. I'm new, this is my time here.A. oneB. onceC. first(A) 3. --- Excuse me. can I get to the nearest hospital?--- Go along this road and you will find it on your right.A. HowB. WhereC. What(C) 4. ---What your father ?--- He is tall with short hair.A. is; likesB. is; look likeC. does; look like (C) 5. --- Does Frank like soccer?--- Yes, he often goes to the Sports Center soccer.A. practice playingB. to be practiced playingC. to practice playing (C) 6. Mr. White is his children, so they are afraid of him.A. good atB. busy withC. strict with(A) 7. --- Please some vegetables to me. --- No problem.A. bringB. takeC. eat(B) 8. --- What's this? --- It's my music player. I like to music.A. get toB. listen toC. think of(A) 9. --- Do they have art classes?--- Yes, they have an art class Friday afternoon.A. onB. inC. at(A) 10. I'm quite busy. I have things to do today.A. manyB. muchC. no(C) 11. --- Don't listen to music in class again, Mike. --- .A. No, I don'tB. Don't worryC. Sorry, I won't (A) 12. --- Tom, you must keep your jacket .--- OK, I will wash it.A. cleanB. to cleanC. cleaning(B) 13. --- Please look outside. Look at the blackboard.---- Yes, Mr. Zhang.A. notB. don'tC. can't(C) 14. It's for us to speak English every day. It can help us learn English well.A. boringB. difficultC. important(B) 15. My parents about 2,000 yuan for my Giant bicycle.A. costB. payC. take(A) 16. Just right at the first crossing and the bank is the left.A. turn; onB. go; byC. turning; in(A) 17. --- Where do you sit, Peter?--- I sit Millie. She is just on my right.A. next toB. in the front ofC. behind(A) 18. There many people the building and they're planting trees.A. are; in front of B .is; in the front of C. are; in the front of(B) 19. --- Thank you for your help. --- .A. Don't say thatB. You're welcomeC. No, hanks(C) 20. My parents want me more exercise.A. takeB. takesC. to take二、句型转换1. Dean is tall and he has a big nose. (改为问义句)Dean is tall with a big nose.2. Mike has short blonde hair. (对画线部分提问)What does Mike look like ?3. Tom's home is across from the bank. (对画线部分提问)Where is Tom's home?4. Turn left at the second crossing. (改为同义句)Take the second crossing on the left.5. I spend three hours in reading the book. (改为同义句)It takes me three hours to read the book.三、根据汉语提示完成句子1. 我爷爷七十岁了,但看起来依然很帅气。
暑假8小时语法课
第一章代词2. 语法和操练2.1 知识闯关第一关1. Do you have____ books? (some / any)2. ‘Would you like____ tea?’ ‘Yes, please.’ (some / any)第二关3. How ________ money do you want? (many / much)4. Did they ask you __________questions? (many / much)第三关5. ‘Have you got any envelopes?’ ‘ Yes,_____________.’(a little / a few)6. ‘Do you want sugar in your coffee?’ ‘Yes,__________, please.’ (a little / a few)7. There was food in the fridge. It was nearly empty.第四关8. Anna’s parents are teachers an d they work in the same school.(both / all)9. -What do you think of the pens? -Perfect. I’ll take ______of them.(both / all)10. A: I bought two newspapers. Which one do you want?B: . It doesn’t matter which one. (both / either / neither)11. It wasn’t a good football match. team played well.(both / either / neither)第五关12. I found one shoe, but I could not find __________. (other / the other / another )13.There were three books on my table. Where are ___?(other / others / the others)第六关14. There is_________ new in today’s newspaper. (something / anything )15. He lives ________far away from his school. (somewhere / anywhere)16.There’s ________in the classroom. It’s empty. (nothing / nobody / somebody)anysome2.2 闯关助手闯关助手一：some & any E.g.1. I bought some cheese , but I did n’t buy any bread .2. Do you have any books ?2. some & any 关系图① A. Would you like some tea? B. I ’m thirsty. Can I have some water?肯定否定疑问any 用于肯定句中some 用于 疑问句中1. There are _____ shops in this part of town.2. Don ’t buy ____ rice. We don ’t need____.② Any student can answer this question.闯关助手二：many & much E.g.Did you buy much food ? Did you buy many books ?【笔记区】♦ 4. Could you get me _____ coffee, please? ♦ 5. Have you got _____ stamps? May I use one? ♦ 6. You can come _____day you like.1. How _______money do you need?2. We don ’t know ________people.3. I wasn ’t very hungry. I didn ’t eat__________.4. Have you got ___________friends?闯关助手三：a few & a little E.g.1. ‘Have you got any money ?’ ‘Yes, a little.’2. We ’re going to stay here for ___a few__ days .3.【笔记区】I have a little money, so he is not poor.I have little money, So he is very poor.I ’ve got a few friends, so I ’m not lonely.I ’m sad and I ’m lonely. I ’ve got few friends.1. ‘Have you got any envelopes?’ ‘ Yes,_____________.’2. ‘Do you want sugar in your coffee?’ ‘Yes,__________, please .’3. ‘Are there any factories in this town?’ ‘Yes,__________.’★第一关至第三关测试（用适当单词形式填空）A.some , any1.Would you like______more?2.There are some apples on the table. You can take______of them.B. Many ，much1.Did they ask you __________questions?2.There are ________ people in the street.3.I don’t have ________ money, but I have _______ friends.4._______ foreigners come to visit the Great Wall every day.5.I have so ______ falls that I’m black and blue all over.C.few, a few, little, a little1.There is a little bird in the tree, but only ______ people saw it.2.Could I have______words with you, Miss White?3. We don’t like him, because he does______for other people.4. He has_________friends here and he seldom goes out on weekend.5. There is only_____water in the pot(锅).闯关助手四：both/ either/ neitherE.g.st year I went to Paris and Rome. I liked both cities very much.2.Would you like tea or coffee? Either, I don’t mind.3.It wasn’t a good football match. Neither team played well.【笔记区】★第四关测试用neither/none/either填空。
语法泡泡堂：最高级
AB C D ( )4. Her English is gooder than I ._______________
A B CD ( )5. He is the stronger in the class.___________
talented- the most talented 5
改错 ( )1. He is thiner than his brother. ____________
AB C D ( )2. The pen is the more expensive of all the pens._____________
智慧笔记本
most expensive
most popular
most interesting
most delicious
most difficult
A is the best of the three.
most beautiful
B is the best in our class.
quietest safest as...as
I am the tallest.
I am smaller than you. I am the smallest.
I am nice.
I am the nicest.
I am nicer than you.
I am happy.
I am happier than you. I am the happiest.
lazy the laziest man as lazy as the man
杨浦区暑假口碑好的英语辅导班 新王牌 杜老师 语法解题技巧与训练
杨浦新王牌小班辅导教学设计教案C. to be producedD. produced40. Only when _____ possible to settle the problem among the boy students.A. does the class teacher come will it beB. the class teacher comes will it beC. has the class teacher come it will beD. the class teacher comes it will beH25. Should people pursue their own happiness _____ the expense of others?A. byB. throughC. forD. at26. Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _____ almost an overcoat for her.A. themB. herC. itselfD. herself27. According to some scientists, global warming _____ the survival of the whole human race.A. threatenB. threatensC. are threatenedD. is threatened28. A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one.A. the price of three timesB. three times the priceC. as much as the three times priceD. three times than the price29. A very sharp increase _____ some Fed officials to push for higher rates to restrain inflation.A. need have persuadedB. might have persuadedC. must have been persuadedD. might have been persuaded30. Eating sensibly and taking regular exercise is a fairly reliable method of losing weight, _____?A. is itB. are theyC. aren’t theyD. isn’t it31. In recent years much more emphasis _____ on developing the students productive skills.A. putsB. has putC. has been putD. is put32. Little _____ about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.A. she caredB. she may careC. may she careD. did she care33. People are not allowed to enter the garden to prevent the flowers _____.A. being destroyedB. destroyingC. destroyD. to destroy34. _____ you’ve got a chanc e, you might as well make full use of it.A. BeforeB. ThoughC. Now thatD. Until35. You should allow two weeks for your visa application _____.A. to processB. to be processedC. processedD. to be processing36. I kept getting mysterious phone calls _____ the caller would hang up as soon as I answered.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that37. The modern carpenter would be just as able to produce craftsmanship as the carpenter of fifty years ago if _____ proper tools and materials.A. to be givenB. being givenC. giving himD. given38. Steve Jobs had been fighting against cancel for eight years _____ he died on October 5.A. so thatB. beforeC. in caseD. after39. Some one else defines who they are and _____ they stand for as public figures.A. whetherB. thatC. whatD. how40. It should be obvious to everyone _____ we need to make some changes.A. thatB. howC. whatD. where。
专题10：语法填空-暑假英语初升高衔接教案(新高一专用)(解析版)
2024年暑假英语初升高衔接教案专题10：语法填空（解析版）【课前小测】语法填空阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
ARunning is very relaxing and beneficial. It is a great sport for beginners. You do not need any special equipment. Just a good pair of running shoes will do. Running 1 (help) you get fit and prevents you from diseases. It will give you good upper and lower body strength. It makes your heart 2 (strong) than before and allows more blood to flow around your body. It also strengthens your immune system. Besides, anybody who is feeling down can go for a run 3 (cheer) themselves up.【答案】1．helps 2．stronger 3．to cheer【导语】本文是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了跑步的好处。
1．考查时态语态和主谓一致。
句意：跑步可以帮助你保持健康，防止你生病。
分析句子可知，help(帮助)是句中谓语动词，与主语Running之间是主动关系，描述一般性事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是单个动名词，谓语动词应使用单数形式。
综上，谓语应用一般现在时的主动语态，单数形式。
故填helps。
2．考查比较级。
句意：它使你的心脏比以前更强壮，让更多的血液在你的身体周围流动。
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教材：自编
课次：一期16次，每次两小时。
分级：作为音标语音全能班的下级班
泡泡语法班单元授课列表
课次
课次内容
第一次
开课式+句子成分及结构，词性
第二次
名词（可数名词和不可数名词、名词的数、专有名词、所有格。）
第三次
代词
第四次
数词（1-100的基数词和序数词的用法）
第五次
介词
第六次
形容词和副词
第七次
动词（一）实义动词
课次教学内容及功能话题目标
课次
语言知识内容及目标
第一次课
目标
1.认识家长和孩子，介绍此课型的具体要求和情况
2.了解句式的构成，并能够根据句式要求造句。
3.根据单词分辨词性，并了解各种类的词充当的成分。
语言知识点
1.了解Subject，Verb，Complement，Object充当的成分。
2.了解词性：noun，verb，adjective，分别单词的词性，并能够结合句式造句。
句
式
1.S+V+C
2.S+V+O
作业
详见练习单
教法建议
1.语法翻译法
教具
详见开课准备物资
第八次
动词（二）情态动词
第九次
时态（一）----一般现在时&现在进行时
第十次
时态（二）----一般过去时
第十一次
时态（三）----一般将来时和be going to表示的将来时
第十二次
句子（一）-----一般疑问句
第十三次
句子（二）特殊疑问句
第十四次
总复习
第十五次
复习+结课考核
第十六次
家长会+结课式