I-EA4

– Puritans:
» took religion as the most important thing » lived for glorifying God » dreamed of living under a perfect order » worked with courage » hoped to build an Eden of Garden on earth » faced the worst of life with optimism
John Winthrop
– Self-taught scholar – First governor of Massachusetts – Believed that he had a ―calling‖ from God to lead there – Not a believer of Democracy
The land tion route
America Rediscovered
– Christopher Columbus sailed west from Europe in 1492 » landed on one of the Bahama Islands » named the people Indians. and – Amerigo Vespucci » America was named after him
– Glory: For the glory of the king!
English Colonial Period
– Causes for English Colonizing in America
»Fall of Spanish Armada in 1588 opened North Atlantic to English expansion »Rise of merchant class to provide business leadership and wealth for colonial investment. »Surplus population in cities as farmers were pushed off the lands »Persecution of Puritans, Catholics, and Quakers led to conflict with religious and political authorities
– People from: England, the Netherlands, France, Germany and others. – Puritans, Quakers, Anglicans, Catholics, and Jews. – Governed with Proprietary Charters – Religious Freedom and Tolerance – Freedom of the Press – Strong Courts
Thanksgiving Day
Pilgrims v. Puritans
– Those who wanted to total break from the Church of England and set up their own church were Pilgrims (Separatists). – Those who wanted to ―purify the church‖ to its original state were Puritans. – Among later comers, more puritans but fewer Separatists.
Motivations of the immigrants
– Most immigrants left their homelands
» escape political oppression, To » seek the freedom to practice To their religion, » get economic opportunities To denied them at home.
Southern Colonies
– South Carolina – North Carolina – Virginia – Maryland – Georgia
– Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains. – Long growing season and fertile land.
Middle Colonies
– New Jersey – Pennsylvania – Delaware – New York
– Lower Eastern Woodlands – Medium growing season and cold winters. – Many lakes and rivers for transportation. – Farmed Wheat, Oat, Barley and Rye. – Made homespun products. – Traded very little.
– Rhode Island – Connecticut – New Hampshire – Massachusetts
New England
– Northern Eastern Woodlands
– Very Short Growing Season
– Long Cold Winters
– Large Forests – On the Atlantic Ocean – Subsistence Farming – Timber, Ship Building, Fishing, Rum and other Manufactured Trade Goods
– Warm for most of the year
»Spain: South America for silver and gold. »England: North America for natural resources; Africa for manual labor »France: also North America for natural resources
– Provided model for further economic investment in America – 2. First representative selfgovernment (House of Burgesses--1619) – 3. Demand for slaves (1st slaves sold by Dutch to settlers in 1619)
Mayflower
– None chose to leave in 1621 when the Mayflower sailed back – Got help from Indians in planting crops and in hunting and fishing, – Fall of 1621—First ―Thanksgiving.‖ – Great Puritan Migration of 1629-1640 brought many new settlers, thus merging into Massachusetts Bay Colony
William Penn
– A wealthy Quaker – Received a large tract of land
– Established a colony 1681 – Later became known as Pennsylvania
Philadelphia Independence Hall
Jamestown
John Smith
Jamestown Fort
Jamestown Housing
Tobacco
Jamestown Settlement
Virginia House of Burgesses
The Second English Colony
– Plymouth Colony (New England) »Pilgrims sailed on the ship Mayflower across the sea »Arrived in Massachusetts in 1620 »Mayflower Compact—first document of self-government in America. »After difficult first winter (44 out of 102 survived), Pilgrims survived under the leadership of Governor William Bradford.
Indentured Servants
The Three Regions
– The 13 colonies can be divided into three regions:
» New England » Middle Colonies » Southern Colonies
New England
Amerigo Vespucci (1454-1512)
North America, 1750
European Exploration: Motivations
– God: Spread the good word! – Gold: They wanted money of their own!
– Puritans and Pilgrims who believed in working hard and following strict rules. – Merchants, Manufacturers, and Lawyers. – New England Government