Chapter2_TN product overview
Product_Overview_by_Linglin
Target voltage 1.8 .. 3.6 V 600 MHz effective sample rate Supports Embedded Trace
Macrocell (ETM)
Supports Program Trace Macrocell
(PTM)
Support of High-Speed Serial Trace Port Compatible to Xilinx Aurora protocol Support of up to four differential lanes Maximum 6,25Gbit/s lane speed Up to 24 Giga CPU cycles
Support for ARM/CORTEX, PIC32, X-GOLD110, X-GOLD102 ACTEL, ARM, ATMEL, CYPRESS, ENERGYMICRO, FREESCALE, FUJITSU, INFINEON, LUMINARYMICRO, MICROCHIP, MIPS, NXP, SAMSUNG, STM, TI, TOSHIBA
Export Form 2011▪ Linglin He ▪ 2011/ August / 18
▪ 5
Products
Power Debugger
Debug Cable
Processor specific adaption Contains software license Supported Processor Families: ARM/XSCALE Power Architecture MIPS32/MIPS64 Intel Atom™/x86 78K0R/RL78 APS AVR32 C166CBC CPU32 ColdFire H8S/23x9 M32R M-Core MCS08 MSP430 RX S12X SH TriCore V850 VR XC2000/C166SV2 XC800 DSPs Softcores Configurable Cores Auxiliary Processors
Chapter2.PlanetaryBoundary
• we live in it • it is where and how most of the solar heating gets into the atmosphere • it is complicated due to the processes of the ground (boundary) • boundary layer is very turbulent • others …
Main references: Stull, R. B., 1988: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. Kluwer Academic, 666 pp.
2.1. Planetary boundary layer and its structure
• The virtual potential temperature (it determines the buoyancy) is nearly adiabatic (i.e., constant with height) in the middle portion of the mixed layer (ML), and is super-adiabatic in the surface layer. At the top of the ML there is usually a stable layer to stop the turbulent eddies from rising further. When the layer is very stable so that the temperature increases with height, it is usually called capping inversion. This capping inversion can keep deep convection from developing.
WinDbg用户指南说明书
Table of ContentsAbout1 Chapter 1: Getting started with WinDbg2 Remarks2 Versions2 Examples2 Installation or Setup2 Debuggers3 Chapter 2: Crash analysis4 Examples4 Basic user mode crash analysis4 Chapter 3: DML(Debugger Mark Language)5 Examples5 Turn on/off5 Chapter 4: Extensions6 Examples6 SOS6 SOSex6 PyKD6 Getting started with PyKd6 NetExt7 Extensions overview7 CoSOS7 Chapter 5: Kernel debugging9 Examples9 Important commands9 Chapter 6: Remote debugging10 Examples10 Important commands10 Chapter 7: User mode / application debugging11 Examples11Important commands11 Documenting your work11 Working with symbols11 Crash analysis12 The environment12 Threads, call stacks, registers and memory12 Controlling the target13 Working with extensions13 Stop debugging13 Attach and detach14 Behavior of WinDbg14 Usability Commands14 Getting Helps14 Create Custom Command Window in Windbg14 Credits16AboutYou can share this PDF with anyone you feel could benefit from it, downloaded the latest version from: windbgIt is an unofficial and free WinDbg ebook created for educational purposes. All the content is extracted from Stack Overflow Documentation, which is written by many hardworking individuals at Stack Overflow. It is neither affiliated with Stack Overflow nor official WinDbg.The content is released under Creative Commons BY-SA, and the list of contributors to each chapter are provided in the credits section at the end of this book. Images may be copyright of their respective owners unless otherwise specified. All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective company owners.Use the content presented in this book at your own risk; it is not guaranteed to be correct nor accurate, please send your feedback and corrections to ********************Chapter 1: Getting started with WinDbg RemarksThis section provides an overview of what windbg is, and why a developer might want to use it.It should also mention any large subjects within windbg, and link out to the related topics. Since the Documentation for windbg is new, you may need to create initial versions of those related topics.VersionsImportant versions of WinDbg, for supported versions of WinDbg. See also a detailed list with historical versions online.It's important to note that there's a versioning scheme change from older 6.12 to the newer 6.1 version. The older versions have low numbers (<100) in the third place while newer versions have high numbers (>6000).In many cases, WinDbg versions provided for newer Windows versions still work on older versions on Windows, e.g. Version 10 of WinDbg can still be used on Windows 7. However, some commands may make use of API calls that are not available and thus fail. Therefore it's good to have several versions of WinDbg available.ExamplesInstallation or SetupMicrosoft describes 3 ways of installing WinDbg:•as part of the WDK (Windows Driver Kit)•as part of the SDK (Software Development Kit)with the installer of the SDK and deselecting everything else but "Debugging Tools for•Windows"To get the installer, visit Download the WDK, WinDbg, and associated tools and scroll down to a section called "Get debugging tools".A well-known and convenient but inofficial source is Codemachine where you can also download older versions of the Debugging Tools directly.The setup itself is straight-forward. Click through the installer until it finishes.DebuggersWinDbg is often used as an abbreviation of "Debugging tools for Windows". It contains different debuggers:The commands are identical, except that there may be GUI related commands which don't work in the console versions.Read Getting started with WinDbg online: https:///windbg/topic/1833/getting-started-with-windbgChapter 2: Crash analysisExamplesBasic user mode crash analysis.exr -1 gives you details about the last exception thrown.!analyze -v usually does a good job as well.For .NET, the command !pe of the SOS extension shows details about the .NET exception that was thrown.Read Crash analysis online: https:///windbg/topic/5389/crash-analysisChapter 3: DML(Debugger Mark Language) ExamplesTurn on/off.prefer_dml 1 turn on dmlformat output.prefer_dml 0 turn off dmlformat outputRead DML(Debugger Mark Language) online: https:///windbg/topic/7987/dml-debugger-mark-language-Chapter 4: ExtensionsExamplesSOSSOS (son of strike) is the official WinDbg extension from Microsoft for .NET. It gets installed as part of the .NET framework and thus is available by default.Like any extension, it can be loaded using .load x:\full\path\to\sos.dll, but there are easier ways. Depending on the version of .NET, the extension is located side by side to mscorwks.dll(.NET CLR 2), clr.dll (.NET CLR 4) or coreclr.dll (Silverlight and Universal apps), so one of the following commands should work:.loadby sos clr.loadby sos coreclr.loadby sos mscorwksFor a list of available commands, consult !help.SOSexSOSex is an extension to SOS, written by Steve Johnson, a Microsoft employee. He provides SOSex for download for free, but it's not open source.Typically, the extension is not available side by side to any other DLL, so it is usually loaded with .load x:\full\path\to\sosex.dll.Besides simplifying debugging of .NET, the command !dlk can also be used in native environments for checking deadlocks of critical sections.For a list of available commands, consult !help of SOSex.PyKDPyKD is a WinDbg extension that enables you writing Python scripts. It's open source.Typically, the extension is not available side by side to any other DLL, so it is usually loaded with .load x:\full\path\to\pykd.pyd, where PYD is the extension for a python DLL, but you can rename it to DLL if you like.Getting started with PyKdPyKD does not offer !help, so look up the documentation at Codeplex. Many developers seem to be from Russia and the most up-to-date and complete documentation is probably in Russian. The Google translater does a decent job.Like other extensions, use the correct bitness of the extension that corresponds to that of WinDbg. In addition to that you must have Python installed with the same bitness as well.!py runs an REPL interpreter and !py x:\path\to\script.py runs a python script. Scripts should usefrom pykd import *as the first line in order to make use of PyKD's functionality, while this line is not needed in the REPL interpreter. The interpreter can be exited using exit().NetExtNetExt is an extension for .NET which provides•LINQ-like queries for objects on the heap (!wselect, !wfrom)•display capabilities for special objects like dictionaries and hash tables (!wdict, !whash) / HTTP related commands (!wcookie, !wruntime, !whttp)••several other network related commandsTypically, the extension is not available side by side to any other DLL, so it is usually loaded with .load x:\full\path\to\netext.dllExtensions overviewAn incomplete list of WinDbg extensions that are not installed with WinDbg itself:CoSOSCoSOS (cousin of SOS) is an open source extension for WinDbg focusing on .NET memory fragmentation (!gcview) and threading issues (!wfo, !tn).Typically, the extension is not available side by side to any other DLL, so it is usually loaded with .load x:\full\path\to\cosos.dll. It requires that SOS is loaded and currently works with 32 bit applications only.Read Extensions online: https:///windbg/topic/5391/extensionsExamplesImportant commands•!process - list user mode processes•.process - set process context•!peb - show process environment block•!teb - show thread environment block•!locks - deadlock analysis.dump - save a crash dump file to disk•Read Kernel debugging online: https:///windbg/topic/6076/kernel-debuggingExamplesImportant commands•.server - create a debugging server•.clients - list debugging clients connected to the server•.endsrv - end a debugging server•.servers - list debugging server connections•.remote - start a remote.exe server.noshell - prevent shell commands•Read Remote debugging online: https:///windbg/topic/5977/remote-debuggingChapter 7: User mode / application debuggingExamplesImportant commandsDocumenting your workRemember what you've done and retain long outputs which can't be kept in WinDbg's buffer. It's always good to have a log available for reproducing debugging steps, e.g. to ask questions on Stack Overflow.Working with symbolsWithout or with incorrect symbols, you may receive wrong information and be misled. Make sure you're familiar with these commands before starting work in WinDbg. See also How to set up symbols in WinDbg.Crash analysisFind out what has happened (in crash dumps) and how to handle events (in live debugging).The environmentCheck the process name and version information.Threads, call stacks, registers and memoryInspect the details.Controlling the targetIn live debugging, take control the execution.Working with extensionsExtensions may provide significant advantages and enhancements.Stop debuggingAttach and detachBehavior of WinDbgUsability CommandsGetting HelpsCreate Custom Command Window in WindbgThe .cmdtree command allows to open a .txt file with predefined commands which you can simply double click to execute.How to create command fileCreate the file using this templatewindbg ANSI Command Tree 1.0title {"Window title"}body{"Group Heading"}{"Name of command to display"} {"command"}{"Name of command to display"} {"command"}{"Group Heading"}{"Name of command to display"} {"command"}Things to take care1.The template format should be followed precisely for opening the file in Windbg.2.The newline is required after each {Group Heading}.3.Each {Name of command to display} {command} pair should be in one line and should be followed by a new line.Example of custom command filewindbg ANSI Command Tree 1.0title {"Your title goes here"}body{"Basic commands"}{"Show CLR Version"} {"lmv m clr"}{"Load SOS from CLR"} {".loadby sos clr "}{"Symbols"}{"Load my symbols"} {".sympath+ "c:\DebugSymbols" ; .reload"}How to open command UI from command windowExecute .cmdtree <path of your .txt file> to open the window. You will see a window like thisDouble click on the command to execute.Read User mode / application debugging online: https:///windbg/topic/5384/user-mode---application-debuggingCredits。
米什金货币金融学英文版习题答案chapter2英文习题
米什金货币金融学英文版习题答案chapter2英文习题Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets, 11e, Global Edition (Mishkin) Chapter 2 An Overview of the Financial System2.1 Function of Financial Markets1) Every financial market has the following characteristic.A) It determines the level of interest rates.B) It allows common stock to be traded.C) It allows loans to be made.D) It channels funds from lenders-savers to borrowers-spenders.Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking2) Financial markets have the basic function ofA) getting people with funds to lend together with people who want to borrow funds.B) assuring that the swings in the business cycle are less pronounced.C) assuring that governments need never resort to printing money.D) providing a risk-free repository of spending power.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking3) Financial markets improve economic welfare becauseA) they channel funds from investors to savers.B) they allow consumers to time their purchase better.C) they weed out inefficient firms.D) they eliminate the need for indirect finance.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking4) Well-functioning financial marketsA) cause inflation.B) eliminate the need for indirect finance.C) cause financial crises.D) allow the economy to operate more efficiently. Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking5) A breakdown of financial markets can result inA) financial stability.B) rapid economic growth.C) political instability.D) stable prices.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking6) The principal lender-savers areA) governments.B) businesses.C) households.D) foreigners.Answer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge7) Which of the following can be described as direct finance?A) You take out a mortgage from your local bank.B) You borrow $2500 from a friend.C) You buy shares of common stock in the secondary market.D) You buy shares in a mutual fund.Answer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking8) Assume that you borrow $2000 at 10% annual interest tofinance a new business project. For this loan to be profitable, the minimum amount this project must generate in annual earnings isA) $400.B) $201.C) $200.D) $199.Answer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking9) You can borrow $5000 to finance a new business venture. This new venture will generate annual earnings of $251. The maximum interest rate that you would pay on the borrowed funds and still increase your income isA) 25%.B) 12.5%.C) 10%.D) 5%.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking10) Which of the following can be described as involving direct finance?A) A corporation issues new shares of stock.B) People buy shares in a mutual fund.C) A pension fund manager buys a short-term corporate security in the secondary market.D) An insurance company buys shares of common stock in the over-the-counter markets. Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking11) Which of the following can be described as involving direct finance?A) A corporation takes out loans from a bank.B) People buy shares in a mutual fund.C) A corporation buys a short-term corporate security in a secondary market.D) People buy shares of common stock in the primary markets.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking12) Which of the following can be described as involving indirect finance?A) You make a loan to your neighbor.B) A corporation buys a share of common stock issued by another corporation in the primary market.C) You buy a U.S. Treasury bill from the U.S. Treasury at /doc/1f18983379.html,.D) You make a deposit at a bank.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking13) Which of the following can be described as involving indirect finance?A) You make a loan to your neighbor.B) You buy shares in a mutual fund.C) You buy a U.S. Treasury bill from the U.S. Treasury at Treasury /doc/1f18983379.html,.D) You purchase shares in an initial public offering by a corporation in the primary market. Answer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking14) Securities are ________ for the person who buys them, but are ________ for the individual or firm that issues them.A) assets; liabilitiesB) liabilities; assetsC) negotiable; nonnegotiableD) nonnegotiable; negotiableAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking15) With ________ finance, borrowers obtain funds from lenders by selling them securities in the financial markets.A) activeB) determinedC) indirectD) directAnswer: DAACSB: Application of Knowledge16) With direct finance, funds are channeled through the financial market from the ________ directly to the ________.A) savers, spendersB) spenders, investorsC) borrowers, saversD) investors, saversAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking17) Distinguish between direct finance and indirect finance. Which of these is the most important source of funds for corporations in the United States?Answer: With direct finance, funds flow directly from the lender/saver to the borrower. With indirect finance, funds flow from the lender/saver to a financial intermediary who then channels the funds to the borrower/investor. Financial intermediaries (indirect finance) are the major source of funds for corporations in the U.S.AACSB: Reflective Thinking2.2 Structure of Financial Markets1) Which of the following statements about the characteristics of debt and equity is FALSE?A) They can both be long-term financial instruments.B) They can both be short-term financial instruments.C) They both involve a claim on the issuer's income.D) They both enable a corporation to raise funds.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking2) Which of the following statements about the characteristics of debt and equities is TRUE?A) They can both be long-term financial instruments.B) Bond holders are residual claimants.C) The income from bonds is typically more variable than that from equities.D) Bonds pay dividends.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking3) Which of the following statements about financial markets and securities is TRUE?A) A bond is a long-term security that promises to make periodic payments called dividends to the firm's residual claimants.B) A debt instrument is intermediate term if its maturity is less than one year.C) A debt instrument is intermediate term if its maturity is ten years or longer.D) The maturity of a debt instrument is the number of years (term) to that instrument's expiration date.Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking4) Which of the following is an example of an intermediate-term debt?A) a fifteen-year mortgageB) a sixty-month car loanC) a six-month loan from a finance companyD) a thirty-year U.S. Treasury bondAnswer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking5) If the maturity of a debt instrument is less than one year, the debt is calledA) short-term.B) intermediate-term.C) long-term.D) prima-term.Answer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge6) Long-term debt has a maturity that isA) between one and ten years.B) less than a year.C) between five and ten years.D) ten years or longer.Answer: DAACSB: Application of Knowledge7) When I purchase ________, I own a portion of a firm and have the right to vote on issues important to the firm and to elect its directors.A) bondsB) billsC) notesD) stockAnswer: DAACSB: Application of Knowledge8) Equity holders are a corporation's ________. That means the corporation must pay all of its debt holders before it pays its equity holders.A) debtorsB) brokersC) residual claimantsD) underwritersAnswer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking9) Which of the following benefits directly from any increase in the corporation's profitability?A) a bond holderB) a commercial paper holderC) a shareholderD) a T-bill holderAnswer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking10) A financial market in which previously issued securities can be resold is called a ________ market.A) primaryB) secondaryC) tertiaryD) used securitiesAnswer: BAACSB: Application of Knowledge11) An important financial institution that assists in the initialsale of securities in the primary market is theA) investment bank.B) commercial bank.C) stock exchange.D) brokerage house.Answer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge12) When an investment bank ________ securities, it guarantees a price for a corporation's securities and then sells them to the public.A) underwritesB) undertakesC) overwritesD) overtakesAnswer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge13) Which of the following is NOT a secondary market?A) foreign exchange marketB) futures marketC) options marketD) IPO marketAnswer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking14) ________ work in the secondary markets matching buyers with sellers of securities.A) DealersB) UnderwritersC) BrokersD) ClaimantsAnswer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge15) A corporation acquires new funds only when its securities are sold in theA) primary market by an investment bank.B) primary market by a stock exchange broker.C) secondary market by a securities dealer.D) secondary market by a commercial bank.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking16) A corporation acquires new funds only when its securities are sold in theA) secondary market by an investment bank.B) primary market by an investment bank.C) secondary market by a stock exchange broker.D) secondary market by a commercial bank.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking17) An important function of secondary markets is toA) make it easier to sell financial instruments to raise funds.B) raise funds for corporations through the sale of securities.C) make it easier for governments to raise taxes.D) create a market for newly constructed houses.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking18) Secondary markets make financial instruments moreA) solid.B) vapid.C) liquid.D) risky.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking19) A liquid asset isA) an asset that can easily and quickly be sold to raise cash.B) a share of an ocean resort.C) difficult to resell.D) always sold in an over-the-counter market.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking20) The higher a security's price in the secondary market the ________ funds a firm can raise byselling securities in the ________ market.A) more; primaryB) more; secondaryC) less; primaryD) less; secondaryAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking21) When secondary market buyers and sellers of securities meet in one central location to conduct trades the market is called a(n)A) exchange.B) over-the-counter market.C) common market.D) barter market.Answer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge22) In a(n) ________ market, dealers in different locations buy and sell securities to anyone who comes to them and is willing to accept their prices.A) exchangeB) over-the-counterC) commonD) barterAnswer: BAACSB: Application of Knowledge23) Forty or so dealers establish a "market" in these securities by standing ready to buy and sell them.A) secondary stocksB) surplus stocksC) U.S. government bondsD) common stocksAnswer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge24) Which of the following statements about financial markets and securities is TRUE?A) Many common stocks are traded over-the-counter, although the largest corporations usually have their shares traded at organized stock exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange. B) As a corporation gets a share of the broker's commission, a corporation acquires new funds whenever its securities are sold.C) Capital market securities are usually more widely traded than shorter-term securities and so tend to be more liquid.D) Prices of capital market securities are usually more stable than prices of money market securities, and so are often used to hold temporary surplus funds of corporations.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking25) A financial market in which only short-term debt instruments are traded is called the________ market.A) bondB) moneyC) capitalD) stockAnswer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking26) Equity instruments are traded in the ________ market.A) moneyB) bondC) capitalD) commoditiesAnswer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking27) Because these securities are more liquid and generally have smaller price fluctuations, corporations and banks use the ________ securities to earn interest on temporary surplus funds.A) money marketB) capital marketC) bond marketD) stock marketAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking28) Corporations receive funds when their stock is sold in the primary market. Why do corporations pay attention to what is happening to their stock in the secondary market? Answer: The existence of the secondary market makes their stock more liquid and the price in the secondary market sets the price that the corporation would receive if they choose to sell more stock in the primary market.AACSB: Reflective Thinking29) Describe the two methods of organizing a secondary market.Answer: A secondary market can be organized as an exchange where buyers and sellers meet in one central location to conduct trades. An example of an exchange is the New York Stock Exchange. A secondary market can also be organized as an over-the-counter market. In this type of market, dealers in different locations buy and sell securities to anyone who comes to them and is willing to accept their prices. An example of an over-the-counter market is the federal funds market.AACSB: Reflective Thinking2.3 Financial Market Instruments1) Prices of money market instruments undergo the least price fluctuations because ofA) the short terms to maturity for the securities.B) the heavy regulations in the industry.C) the price ceiling imposed by government regulators.D) the lack of competition in the market.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking2) U.S. Treasury bills pay no interest but are sold at a ________. That is, you will pay a lower purchase price than the amount you receive at maturity.A) premiumB) collateralC) defaultD) discountAnswer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking3) U.S. Treasury bills are considered the safest of all money market instruments because there isa low probability ofA) defeat.B) default.C) desertion.D) demarcation.Answer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking4) A debt instrument sold by a bank to its depositors that pays annual interest of a given amount and at maturity pays back the original purchase price is calledA) commercial paper.B) a certificate of deposit.C) a municipal bond.D) federal funds.Answer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking5) A short-term debt instrument issued by well-known corporations is calledA) commercial paper.B) corporate bonds.C) municipal bonds.D) commercial mortgages.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking6) ________ are short-term loans in which Treasury bills serve as collateral.A) Repurchase agreementsB) Negotiable certificates of depositC) Federal fundsD) U.S. government agency securitiesAnswer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking7) Collateral is ________ the lender receives if the borrower does not pay back the loan.A) a liabilityB) an assetC) a presentD) an offeringAnswer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking8) Federal funds areA) funds raised by the federal government in the bond market.B) loans made by the Federal Reserve System to banks.C) loans made by banks to the Federal Reserve System.D) loans made by banks to each other.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking9) An important source of short-term funds for commercial banks are ________ which can be resold on the secondary market.A) negotiable CDsB) commercial paperC) mortgage-backed securitiesD) municipal bondsAnswer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge10) Which of the following are short-term financial instruments?A) a repurchase agreementB) a share of Walt Disney Corporation stockC) a Treasury note with a maturity of four yearsD) a residential mortgageAnswer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking11) Which of the following instruments are traded in a money market?A) state and local government bondsB) U.S. Treasury billsC) corporate bondsD) U.S. government agency securitiesAnswer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking12) Which of the following instruments are traded in a money market?A) bank commercial loansB) commercial paperC) state and local government bondsD) residential mortgagesAnswer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking13) Which of the following instruments is NOT traded in a money market?A) residential mortgagesB) U.S. Treasury BillsC) negotiable bank certificates of depositD) commercial paperAnswer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking14) Bonds issued by state and local governments are called ________ bonds.A) corporateB) TreasuryC) municipalD) commercialAnswer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge15) Equity and debt instruments with maturities greater than one year are called ________ market instruments.A) capitalB) moneyC) federalD) benchmarkAnswer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge16) Which of the following is a long-term financial instrument?A) a negotiable certificate of depositB) a repurchase agreementC) a U.S. Treasury bondD) a U.S. Treasury billAnswer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking17) Which of the following instruments are traded in a capital market?A) U.S. Government agency securitiesB) negotiable bank CDsC) repurchase agreementsD) U.S. Treasury billsAnswer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking18) Which of the following instruments are traded in a capital market?A) corporate bondsB) U.S. Treasury billsC) negotiable bank CDsD) repurchase agreementsAnswer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking19) Which of the following are NOT traded in a capital market?A) U.S. government agency securitiesB) state and local government bondsC) repurchase agreementsD) corporate bondsAnswer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking20) The most liquid securities traded in the capital market areA) corporate bonds.B) municipal bonds.C) U.S. Treasury bonds.D) mortgage-backed securities.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking21) Mortgage-backed securities are similar to ________ but the interest and principal payments are backed by the individual mortgages within the security.A) bondsB) stockC) repurchase agreementsD) negotiable CDsAnswer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge2.4 Internationalization of Financial Markets1) Equity of U.S. companies can be purchased byA) U.S. citizens only.B) foreign citizens only.C) U.S. citizens and foreign citizens.D) U.S. mutual funds only.Answer: CAACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments2) One reason for the extraordinary growth of foreign financial markets isA) decreased trade.B) increases in the pool of savings in foreign countries.C) the recent introduction of the foreign bond.D) slower technological innovation in foreign markets.Answer: BAACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments3) Bonds that are sold in a foreign country and are denominated in the country's currency in which they are sold are known asA) foreign bonds.B) Eurobonds.C) equity bonds.D) country bonds.Answer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge4) Bonds that are sold in a foreign country and are denominated in a currency other than that of the country inwhich it is sold are known asA) foreign bonds.B) Eurobonds.C) equity bonds.D) country bonds.Answer: BAACSB: Application of Knowledge5) If Microsoft sells a bond in London and it is denominated in dollars, the bond is aA) Eurobond.B) foreign bond.C) British bond.D) currency bond.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking6) U.S. dollar deposits in foreign banks outside the U.S. or in foreign branches of U.S. banks are calledA) Atlantic dollars.B) Eurodollars.C) foreign dollars.D) outside dollars.Answer: BAACSB: Application of Knowledge7) If Toyota sells a $1000 bond in the United States, the bond is aA) foreign bond.B) Eurobond.C) Tokyo bond.D) currency bond.Answer: A8) Distinguish between a foreign bond and a Eurobond.Answer: A foreign bond is sold in a foreign country and priced in that country's currency. A Eurobond is sold in a foreign country and priced in a currency that is not that country's currency. AACSB: Reflective Thinking2.5 Function of Financial Intermediaries: Indirect Finance1) The process of indirect finance using financial intermediaries is calledA) direct lending.B) financial intermediation.C) resource allocation.D) financial liquidation.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking2) In the United States, loans from ________ are far ________ important for corporate finance than are securities markets.A) government agencies; moreB) government agencies; lessC) financial intermediaries; moreD) financial intermediaries; lessAnswer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking3) The time and money spent in carrying out financial transactions are calledA) economies of scale.B) financial intermediation.C) liquidity services.D) transaction costs.Answer: D4) Economies of scale enable financial institutions toA) reduce transactions costs.B) avoid the asymmetric information problem.C) avoid adverse selection problems.D) reduce moral hazard.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking5) An example of economies of scale in the provision of financial services isA) investing in a diversified collection of assets.B) providing depositors with a variety of savings certificates.C) hiring more support staff so that customers don't have to wait so long for assistance.D) spreading the cost of writing a standardized contract over many borrowers.Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking6) Financial intermediaries provide customers with liquidity services. Liquidity servicesA) make it easier for customers to conduct transactions.B) allow customers to have a cup of coffee while waiting in the lobby.C) are a result of the asymmetric information problem.D) are another term for asset transformation.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking7) The process where financial intermediaries create and sell low-risk assets and use the proceeds to purchase riskier assets is known asA) risk sharing.B) risk aversion.C) risk neutrality.D) risk selling.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking8) The process of asset transformation refers to the conversion ofA) safer assets into risky assets.B) safer assets into safer liabilities.C) risky assets into safer assets.D) risky assets into risky liabilities.Answer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking9) Reducing risk through the purchase of assets whose returns do not always move together isA) diversification.B) intermediation.C) intervention.D) discounting.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking10) The concept of diversification is captured by the statementA) don't look a gift horse in the mouth.B) don't put all your eggs in one basket.C) it never rains, but it pours.D) make hay while the sun shines.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking11) Risk sharing is profitable for financial institutions due toA) low transactions costs.B) asymmetric information.C) adverse selection.D) moral hazard.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking12) Typically, borrowers have superior information relative to lenders about the potential returns and risks associated with an investment project. The difference in information is calledA) moral selection.B) risk sharing.C) asymmetric information.D) adverse hazard.Answer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking13) If bad credit risks are the ones who most actively seek loans and, therefore, receive them from financial intermediaries, then financial intermediaries face the problem ofA) moral hazard.B) adverse selection.C) free-riding.D) costly state verification.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking14) The problem created by asymmetric information before the transaction occurs is called________, while the problem created after the transaction occurs is called ________.A) adverse selection; moral hazardB) moral hazard; adverse selectionC) costly state verification; free-ridingD) free-riding; costly state verificationAnswer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge15) Adverse selection is a problem associated with equity and debt contracts arising fromA) the lender's relative lack of information about the borrower's potential returns and risks of his investment activities.B) the lender's inability to legally require sufficient collateral to cover a 100% loss if the borrower defaults.C) the borrower's lack of incentive to seek a loan for highly risky investments.D) the borrower's lack of good options for obtaining funds.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking16) An example of the problem of ________ is when a corporation uses the funds raised from selling bonds to fund corporate expansion to pay for Caribbean cruises for all of its employees and their families.A) adverse selectionB) moral hazardC) risk sharingD) credit riskAnswer: BAACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning abilities17) Banks can lower the cost of information production by applying one information resource to many different services. This process is calledA) economies of scale.B) asset transformation.C) economies of scope.D) asymmetric information.Answer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge18) Conflicts of interest are a type of ________ problem that can happen when an institution provides multiple services.A) adverse selectionB) free-ridingC) discountingD) moral hazardAnswer: DAACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning abilities19) Studies of the major developed countries show that when businesses go looking for funds to finance their activities they usually obtain these funds fromA) government agencies.B) equities markets.C) financial intermediaries.D) bond markets.Answer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge20) The countries that have made the least use of securities markets are ________ and ________; in these two countries finance from financial intermediaries has been almost ten times greater than that from securities markets.A) Germany; JapanB) Germany; Great BritainC) Great Britain; CanadaD) Canada; JapanAnswer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge21) Although the dominance of ________ over ________ is clear in all countries, the relative importance of bond versus stock markets differs widely.。
大学英语写作基础大纲
《英语写作》教学大纲第一部分大纲说明一、课程基本情况课程编码：08020012课程名称：英语写作课程类别：专业课程学时/学分：36/2先修课程：综合英语，英语听力等适用专业：三年制英语教育专业开课系（部）或教研室：外语系英语专业教研室二、课程的性质、内容和任务（一）课程性质本课程为三年制大专英语专业的专业必修课，是为英语专业学生开设的英语专业技能提高课程，是英语专业专科阶段一门重要的实践课程，它与英语专业的听、说、读等课程相辅相成、密不可分。
本课程旨在扩大英语专业学生的知识领域,巩固和提高学生的语言技能,重点培养学生驾驭英语语言文学知识和对文学作品的独立欣赏的能力,从而使其能得体而流畅地使用语言, 写出语言通顺、思路清晰、内容充实、具有一定广度与深度的英语文章，培养学生利用图书馆和计算机网络查阅资料和独立分析问题的能力，把用英语表达思想的能力提高到一个新的高度。
（二）课程内容课程的主要内容从单词、句型到段落，有步骤、有层次地训练，最终使学生能够写出内容切题、条理清楚、语言正确的英语短文，并让学生书写应用文，即书信、便条等，熟悉应用文的格式和行文，并能正确书写相应的应用作文。
（三）课程任务通过该课程大量的范例研究和写作实践，培养学生用英语的基本写作能力，特别是篇章结构和句子层面的基本功，为制作对外宣传的实用文提供模仿的范例，帮助学生掌握各种写作技巧，解决在实际阅读各种实用文时遇到的各种困难，掌握地道的英语，，从而提高书面交际能力。
课堂教学以讲解教材为主，包括当场写作练习和作文讲评，课外教学通过布置作业以加强理解和训练。
该课程可加强学生对英语阅读、综合英语等其他英语课程中文章结构、句型结构、篇章类型的把握和认识，促进各科目的融会贯通。
三、教学的目的和要求《英语写作》在知识习得上注重培养学生对英文写作的热情和创造性，在原有的语言知识基础上，不断提高思想表达的准确性与鲜明性，逐渐让他们感受到英语的极强表达力；在能力素质上，重视锻炼学生的书面语言运用能力，促进学生英语运用综合素质的发展，从而提高学生的逻辑思维能力和篇章衔接贯通运用能力。
materials and manufacturing processes的格式模板 -回复
materials and manufacturing processes的格式模板-回复Materials and Manufacturing Processes: A Comprehensive OverviewIntroduction:Materials and manufacturing processes play a vital role in the production of various products and goods. They define the characteristics, durability, and performance of the final product. Understanding the relationship between materials and manufacturing processes is crucial for engineers and manufacturers. In this article, we will explore the key components of materials and manufacturing processes, step by step.I. Materials:1. Definition and importance:Materials are substances used to create or modify the physical properties of products. They can be naturally occurring substances or artificially synthesized. The choice of materials directly affects the functionality, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of the finalproduct.2. Types of materials:a. Metals: Examples include iron, aluminum, and steel. Metals possess high strength and can withstand high temperatures, making them suitable for applications in automotive, aerospace, and construction industries.b. Polymers: Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating subunits. Common examples include plastics and rubber. Polymers offer excellent chemical resistance, flexibility, and electrical insulation properties.c. Ceramics: Ceramics are typically brittle, inorganic materials that offer excellent heat and chemical resistance. They find application in the manufacturing of pottery, electronic components, and construction materials.d. Composites: Composites are combinations of two or more different materials. By combining the desirable properties of various materials, composites offer enhanced performance. Examples include carbon fiber composites and fiber-reinforced plastics.3. Selection criteria:When selecting materials for a specific application, engineers consider factors such as mechanical properties, chemical resistance, thermal stability, electrical conductivity, and cost-effectiveness. The chosen material should fulfill the required specifications and meet the desired performance standards.II. Manufacturing Processes:1. Definition and significance:Manufacturing processes refer to the techniques used to transform raw materials into finished products. These processes involve a series of steps, starting from material extraction to final assembly. Understanding manufacturing processes allows manufacturers to optimize efficiency, reduce costs, and improve quality.2. Types of manufacturing processes:a. Casting: Casting involves pouring molten material into a mold to create a desired shape. It is a widely used process for producing complex metal parts.b. Machining: Machining processes involve the removal of material from a workpiece using tools such as lathes, millingmachines, and drills. This process is suitable for achieving precise dimensions and surface finishes.c. Forming: Forming processes include techniques like rolling, bending, and forging, which deform the material to create the desired shape. Forming is commonly used in the production of metal sheets, tubes, and structural components.d. Joining: Joining processes involve connecting two or more components to create a single entity. Techniques such as welding, soldering, and adhesive bonding are used to join materials together.e. Additive manufacturing: Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, builds objects layer by layer using a digital model. This process offers design flexibility, reduced waste, and faster prototyping.3. Selection criteria:The selection of a manufacturing process depends on factors such as product complexity, required precision, production volume, and cost. Manufacturers need to evaluate each process based on its suitability for the specific application.Conclusion:Materials and manufacturing processes are integral to the production of various products. The choice of materials and the selection of appropriate manufacturing processes significantly impact the quality, performance, and cost-effectiveness of the final product. By understanding the characteristics and capabilities of different materials and manufacturing processes, engineers and manufacturers can optimize their designs and ensure the successful realization of their products in the market.。
PTZ Camera Controller RGBCTL-PTZ-BK 用户手册说明书
PTZ Camera ControllerRGBCTL-PTZ-BKUser ManualContent Declarations (2)FCC/Warranty (2)Operators Safety Summary (2)Installation Safety Summary (3)Chapter1Your Product (4)1.1Product Overview (4)1.2Wiring Diagram (4)1.3Technical Specifications (5)Chapter2Use Your Product (6)2.1Function Description (6)2.1.1Button Description (6)2.1.2Rocker Switch and Knob (8)2.1.3Joystick Control (8)2.1.4Terminal Description of Back Panel Interfaces (9)2.2Local Settings(SETUP) (9)2.2.1Basic Settings (9)2.2.2VISCA&IP VISCA Mode shared Setting (10)2.2.3IP VISCA Mode Setting (10)2.2.4VISCA Mode Setting (10)2.2.5PELCO Mode Setting (10)2.2.6ONVIF Mode Setting (11)2.3Connection and Control (11)2.3.1Connection and Control in ONVIF Mode (11)2.3.2Connection and Control in IP VISCA Mode (11)2.3.3Control in VISCA&PELCO Mode (11)2.4Web Page Configuration (12)2.4.1Home Page (12)2.4.2LAN Settings (13)2.4.3Upgrade (13)2.4.4Restore Factory (13)2.4.5Reboot (13)Chapter3Ordering Codes (14)3.1Product Code (14)Chapter4Support (15)4.1Contact us (15)Chapter5Appendix (16)5.1FAQ (16)5.2Revision History (16)©Xiamen RGBlink Science&Technology Co.,Ltd.Thank you for choosing our product!This User Manual is designed to show you how to use this camera controller quickly and make use of all the features.Please read all directions and instructions carefully before using this product. DeclarationsFCC/WarrantyFederal Communications Commission(FCC)StatementThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class A digital device,pursuant to Part15of the FCC rules.These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.This equipment generates,uses,and can radiate radio frequency energy and,if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual,may cause harmful interference to radio communications.Operation of this equipment in a residential area may cause harmful interference,in which case the user will be responsible for correcting any interference. Guarantee and CompensationRGBlink provides a guarantee relating to perfect manufacturing as part of the legally stipulated terms of guarantee.On receipt,the purchaser must immediately inspect all delivered goods for damage incurred during transport,as well as for material and manufacturing faults.RGBlink must be informed immediately in writing of any complains.The period of guarantee begins on the date of transfer of risks,in the case of special systems and software on the date of commissioning,at latest30days after the transfer of risks.In the event of justified notice of compliant, RGBlink can repair the fault or provide a replacement at its own discretion within an appropriate period.If this measure proves to be impossible or unsuccessful,the purchaser can demand a reduction in the purchase price or cancellation of the contract.All other claims,in particular those relating to compensation for direct or indirect damage,and also damage attributed to the operation of software as well as to other service provided by RGBlink, being a component of the system or independent service,will be deemed invalid provided the damage is not proven to be attributed to the absence of properties guaranteed in writing or due to the intent or gross negligence or part of RGBlink.If the purchaser or a third party carries out modifications or repairs on goods delivered by RGBlink,or if the goods are handled incorrectly,in particular if the systems are commissioned operated incorrectly or if,after the transfer of risks,the goods are subject to influences not agreed upon in the contract,all guarantee claims of the purchaser will be rendered invalid.Not included in the guarantee coverage are system failures which are attributed to programs or special electronic circuitry provided by the purchaser,e.g.interfaces.Normal wear as well as normal maintenance are not subject to the guarantee provided by RGBlink either.The environmental conditions as well as the servicing and maintenance regulations specified in this manual must be complied with by the customer.Operators Safety SummaryThe general safety information in this summary is for operating personnel.Use the Proper Power CordUse only the power cord and connector specified for your e only a power cord that is in good condition.Refer cord and connector changes to qualified service personnel.Use the Proper FuseTo avoid fire hazard,use only the fuse having identical type,voltage rating,and current rating characteristics. Refer fuse replacement to qualified service personnel.Do Not Operate in Explosive AtmospheresTo avoid explosion,do not operate this product in an explosive atmosphere.Installation Safety SummarySafety PrecautionsFor all camera controller installation procedures,please observe the following important safety and handling rules to avoid damage to yourself and the equipment.To protect users from electric shock,ensure that the chassis connects to earth via the ground wire provided in the AC power Cord.The AC Socket-outlet should be installed near the equipment and be easily accessible. Unpacking and InspectionBefore opening shipping box,inspect it for damage.If you find any damage,notify the shipping carrier immediately for all claims adjustments.As you open the box,compare its contents against the packing slip.If you find any shortages,contact your sales representative.Once you have removed all the components from their packaging and checked that all the listed components are present,visually inspect the system to ensure there was no damage during shipping.If there is damage,notify the shipping carrier immediately for all claims adjustments.Site PreparationThe environment in which you install your camera controller should be clean,properly lit,free from static, and have adequate power,ventilation,and space for all components.Chapter1Your Product1.1Product OverviewProduct FeaturesFour control modes:Two IP control modes(IP VISCA&ONVIF);Two analog control modes(RS422&RS232) Three Control Protocols:VISCA,ONVIF and PELCO1.2Wiring DiagramThe controller and PTZ camera must be connected to the same LAN,and IP addresses must at the same segment. For example:192.168.1.123is at the same segment with192.168.1.111192.168.1.123is not at the same segment with192.168.0.125The default setting for IP controller is obtaining IP address dynamically.1.3Technical Specifications Ethernet One Ethernet portJoystick Four-dimensional(up,down,left,right)joystick control and clock, Zoom Tele/WideConnection LeadDisplay LCDPrompt Tone Button Sound Prompts Open/Off Power supply DC12V1A±10%Power Consumption0.6W MaxOperating Temperature0°C-50°CStorage Temperature-20-70°CDimensions(mm)320*180*1001.4DimensionChapter2Use Your Product2.1Function Description2.1.1Button Description【AUTO FOCUS】Auto Focus button:Set the camera in auto focus mode with this button.It will light up when camera is in manual focus mode.【AE AUTO】Auto Aperture button:Set the camera in automatic aperture mode with this button.It will light up when camera is in manual aperture mode.【CAMERA OSD】Camera OSD button:call/Close the camera OSD.【HOME】HOME button:The camera will back to home position if camera OSD is off.While when the camera OSD is called out,the home button is confirm function of camera OSD.【F1】~【F2】Custom function buttons:Custom functions in VISCA and IP VISCA modes.【SETUP】Controller local Settings button:Modify and view local settings.【SEARCH】Search button:Search for all available devices with ONVIF protocol in the LAN(only in ONVIF Mode)【INQUIRE】Inquire button:Check added devices【WBC MODE】Auto white balance button:Set the camera in auto white balance mode.It will light up when camera is in manual white balance mode.【CAM1】~【CAM4】Quickly switch device button:Quickly switch to CAM NUM1-4devices(ONVIF,IP VISCA),or to address code1-4 devices(VISCA,PELCO)【PRESET】Short press to set presets;long press to delete presets setting.It needs to work with the number keys and“enter”button,for setting or deleting presets.【CALL】Call preset button:It needs to work with the number keys and ENTER button.【IP】Manually add network device button:Manually add network devices(only in ONVIF and IP VISCA modes)【CAM】In IP VISCA and ONVIF modes,it will quickly switch to the CAM NUM bound device when adding adevice via CAM.In VISCA and PELCO modes,it will switch to the address code when entering a certain address.It needs to work with the number keys and“enter”button.【1】~【9】Number keys of0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.2,4,6,8serve as direction keys as well,which could control pan and tilt rotation,and camera OSD.【ESC】Return【ENTER】Confirm Button2.1.2Rocker Switch and Knob【NEAR】【FAR】Manually adjust the focal length.【OPEN】【CLOSE】Manually adjust the aperture,OPEN(Aperture Plus)/CLOSE(Aperture minus)【R-】【R】Manually adjust the Red Gain【B-】【B+】Manually adjust the Blue Gain【PTZ SPEED-】【PTZ SPEED+】Adjust PTZ Speed,Gears1(Slow)-8(Fast)【T-ZOOM-W】Zoom Tele and Zoom Wide.2.1.3Joystick Control2.1.4Terminal Description of Back Panel InterfacesBack Panel Details:RS422,RS232,DC-12V,Ethernet,Power SwitchNumber Label Physical interface DescriptionRS 232Pin 1:Received Line Signal Detector Pin 2:Received Data Pin 3:Transmit Data Pin 4:Data Terminal Ready Pin 5:Signal Ground Pin 6:Data Set Ready Pin 7:Request To Send Pin 8:Clear To Send Pin 9:Ring Indicator RS422Control Output(TA,TB,RA,RB)Connect to RS422bus of the camera:TA to camera RA;TB to camera RB;RA to camera TA;RBto camera TB.Ground Control line ground (G ）Control signal Line groundETHERNET Ethernet port Network connectionDC-12V Power inputDC 12V Power input POWER Power switch Power on/off2.2Local Settings (SETUP)2.2.1Basic SettingsMove the joystick up and down to switch 1to 2,and 2to 3settings;Move the joystick left and right to switch on and offthe button sound prompts,confirm with ENTER button.(1)Network Type:dynamic and static(2)Button sound prompt:on and off(3)Language setting:Chinese and English(4)Mode:VISCA,IP VISCA,ONVIF,PELCO(5)Version information(6)Restore factory settings(7)Local IP2.2.2VISCA&IP VISCA Mode shared Setting(1)F1:Custom function for F1button(VISCA command)(2)F2:Custom function for F2button(VISCA command)Input custom name→ENTER→Input VISCA commandFor example:the command is8101040702FF,then input01040702(0can’t be omitted)2.2.3IP VISCA Mode SettingDelete the saved device:Move the joystick up and down to view devices;Move the joystick rightward to view the device’sport information;Move the joystick leftward to view the IP,CAM NUM information;ENTER to deletethe selected device.2.2.4VISCA Mode SettingControl settings(set the baud rate for a certain address code):Move the joystick up,down,left and right to switch addresses(1-7)→ENTER→Move the joystick left and right to switch baud rate→ENTEREX:Select the address:1→ENTER→Select the baud rate:9600→ENTERWhen the controller switch to address1,the control baud rate is96002.2.5PELCO Mode SettingControl settings(set the baud rate for a certain address code):Move the joystick up,down,left and right to switch addresses(1-255)→ENTER→Move the joystick left and right to choose protocols→ENTER→Move the joystick left and right to switch baud rate→ENTEREX:Select the address:1→ENTER→Select the protocol:PELCO-D→ENTER→Select the baud rate:9600→ENTERWhen the controller switch to address1,the control baud rate is9600,protocol is PELCO-D2.2.6ONVIF Mode SettingDelete saved device:Move the joystick up and down to view devices;Move the joystick rightward to view the device’s port information;Move the joystick leftward to view the IP,CAM NUM information;ENTER to delete the selected device.2.3Connection and Control2.3.1Connection and Control in ONVIF ModeSearch and AddIn ONVIF mode,follow the steps below to add a LAN device to the PTZ controller:(1)After the controller obtained IP address,simply press the SEARCH button.(2)All available devices with ONVIF protocol in the LAN will be displayed on the controller when searchprocess is complete.(3)Move the joystick up/down to select the device,press the ENTER button to confirm.(4)It’s required to enter the device’s username,password and CAM NUM information when adding a device.(5)Press the ENTER button to save.(6)Alternatively to add a device via【IP】button manually.(7)Press the INQUIRE button to view the added device;Move the joystick up/down to view the saved device(move the joystick rightward to view the port);Press the ENTER button to select a camera to control,or use the CAM button to connect and control.2.3.2Connection and Control in IP VISCA ModeSearching function is not available in IP VISCA mode,but to manually add a device.(1).Manually add device via the【IP】button.(2)Press the INQUIRE button to view the added device;Move the joystick up/down to view the saved device(move the joystick rightward to view the port);Press the ENTER button to select a camera to control,or use the CAM button to connect and control.2.3.3Control in VISCA&PELCO ModeSimply set the address code and baud rate to control.In PELCO Mode,correctly set the PELCO-D or PELCO-P protocol is required.2.4Web Page Configuration2.4.1Home Page(1)Connect the controller and computer to the same LAN and enter the controller’s IP addressinto the browser.(2)Default username:admin;Password:empty(3)Home page is as below:(4)Home page consists ofthree segments:Search Device List(green);Added Device List(blue)orManually Add(yellow);Device Details(orange).(5)Click“Search”button to find ONVIF devices in the LAN,which will be displayed in the greenframe automatically.(6)Select the device in the"Search Device List",and click"Add"to complete.Press"Ctrl"formultiple selections.(7)Select the device in the"Added Device List",and click"Delete"to complete.Press"Ctrl"formultiple selections.(8)After successfully add a device,click the IP address in the"Added Device List"to edit theaccount and port information of the device.(9)After addition,deletion,and modification,click"Save"button to take effect.PS.Any modification to the configuration on home page needs to be saved by click"Save"button; otherwise the modification is invalid.2.4.2LAN SettingsTo modify the device IP access way and port parameters in LAN Settings,as shown below:Dynamic address(default access way):the Controller will automatically acquire IP address from the router.Static address:Change the network to static address when necessary;simply input the network segment information to modify.2.4.3UpgradeThe upgrade function is applied for maintenance and update.Choose the right upgrading file and click“start”to update the controller.It will auto reboot after updating.PS:Do not operate the controller during the upgrade process.Do not power off or disconnectnetwork2.4.4Restore FactoryRestore the controller to factory default settings when unexpected failure occurs due to incorrect modifications.Please use it with caution if the controller works well.2.4.5RebootClick Reboot for maintenance if the controller runs for a long time.Chapter3Ordering Codes3.1Product Code981-1000-03-0RGBCTL-PTZ-BK PTZ Camera ControllerChapter4Support 4.1Contact usChapter5Appendix5.1FAQ1.What is the function of CAM NUM when add a network device?CAM NUM will be associated and bound with the currently entered IP and port information.It will quickly switch to the CAM NUM bound device when adding a device with CAM button.2.How to enter English when set the user name,password and custom keys of F1/F2?For example:to enter letter C,simply press the number key“2”three times continuously in the input interface.3.How to enter IP address?The camera controller doesn't have"."button;So please enter the IP address with four segments.Take IP address192.168.0.1for example,it will automatically jump to next segment when finished input192 and168;while after input0,you have to move the joystick rightward to switch to next segment input.4.How to clear in input mode?Move the joystick leftward to clear the input information.5.The home page of each mode refers to the displayed page when controller initializationcomplete.In IP VISCA and ONVIF Mode,ifyou see the prompts of"Visca!”and“Onvif!”,the IP address displayed on the screen is local IP address of the controller.While the prompts of“Visca:”and“Onvif:”shown on the page,the IP address displayed on the screen belongs to the connected device.5.2Revision HistoryThe table below lists the changes to the camera User Manual.All information herein is Xiamen RGBlink Science&Technology Co Ltd.exceptingnoted.is a registered trademark of Xiamen RGBlink Science&Technology Co Ltd.While all efforts are made for accuracy at time o f printing,we reserve the right to alter otherwise make change without notice.。
随机过程--Chapter 2
customer in (0,t] is t-Si. Adding the revenues generated by all
arrivals in (0,t]
N (t)
N (t )
(t Si ) ,
i 1
E (t Si )
i1
14
2.2 Properties of Poisson processes
Solution:
(a) E[S10]=10/= 10 days
(b) P{X11>2} = e -2 = e-2 0.1333
9
2.2 Properties of Poisson processes
Arrival time distribution
Proposition 2.2 :
The arrival time of the nth event Sn follows a Γ distribution
f (t) e t
each interarrival time {Xn, n1} follows an exponential
distribution with parameter .
8
2.2 Properties of Poisson processes
Example 1 Suppose that people immigrate into a territory at a Poisson
and X1 and X2 are independent
7
2.2 Properties of Poisson processes
Similarly, we obtain: P{ Xn>tXn-1=s} = e-t P{ Xn tXn-1= s} = 1- e-t