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Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Once upon a time,the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around.Plenty of rivers to dam and plenty of rural valleys left over.Plenty of space for parks and for cities.Plenty of forests to cut and grasslands to plow.But that was once upon a time.The days of unused land are over.Now the land has been spoken for,fenced off,carved up into cities and farms and industrial parks,put to use.At the same time, the population keeps growing. People need places to work and place to play. So we need more sites for more industries, more beaches for more sunbathers, and more clean rivers for more fishes. And it isn’t just a matter of population growth. Our modern technology has needs that must be met too: We need more coal for energy, and we need more power plants; cars must have highways and parking lots, and jets must have airports.Each of these lands uses swallows up precious space. Highways and expressways alone take some 2,000,000 acres each years. And urban sprawl—the spreading out of cities—is expected to gobble up vast areas of land by the year 2000. But there is only so much land to go around. How do you decide what to do with a piece of land? It depends upon the land, and it depend upon the needs of the people and their values. It is always hard to decide. Take, for example, a forest. A forest can be a timber supply. It can provide a home for wildlife. It is scenery and a recreation area for man. It is soil and watershed protection. These last two take some explaining. A forest creates its own soil. Leaves and other litter on the forest floor are constantly turned and moved by worms and burrowing animals. Enriched by animal wastes, the litter becomes humus—a rich and spongy mix of organic material. The soil feeds forest plants. The plants in turn protect the soil—roots hold it in place, branches slow rainfall so that it will drop gently to earth. Water slowly trickles through the humus and is purified. Water travels downstream and out to sea.When a forest is cut down, there is nothing left to create or protect the soil. Heavy rains beat and wash away spongy humus. Little soil is left to absorb water. Then rain waters can rush unchecked to the valley below, flooding low-lying areas. If a forest is to supply timber, watershed protection, recreation, and a home for wildlife, it has to be cut carefully. And it must be replanted.In short, land is fragile. Without proper care it can be ruined forever.In the debates about how a particular piece of land is to be used, the priorities often conflict. What should you do, for example, if you find out that under the fertile fields of a farming community there is a thick bed of coal which can be strip-minded? Strip mining rips up topsoil and vegetation. But mining may create jobs, bring money to the town’s businesses. Those who approve of strip mining say that the coal is needed, and they point out that it is quicker and cheaper to get coal from the surface than to go deep into the earth to get it by standard mining techniques. On the other hand, it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil. As the countryside fills up, people are becoming more aware of the need for open space. Nearly every proposal for a new power plant, highway, or airport draws fierce opposition. Everyone wants the bid, land-eating “uglies” to be in someone else’s backyard. Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, for example, having been debating about the site of a future airport for years. Yet if a new airport is needed, it will have to go somewhere.How do we find our way out of the land-use problem? One way might be to reexamine our values, to think in new directions. Does everyone have to have a car-with its need for highways and parking lots? What about developing mass transit systems that use less land? Do suburbs have to sprawl? Can they be designed so they use less space? Do we have to have more energy? If we do, do we really have to strip-mine coal to provide it?However difficult they may be to arrive at, choices will have to be made if we want to preserve the beauty and usefulness of the land. For there is at least one point on which all of us can agree; the land does have its limits.21.Once upon a time,the United States seemed to have plenty of land to __go around__, “go around” means____.A) to visit aroundB) to see the landC) for sharing with everyD) to have the land around22.Each of these land uses swallows up precious space, “swallows up” means ____.A) occupies B) gives up C) disappears D) takes completely23.In this sentence “In short, land is fragile.”(Line.1, Para. 7), what does the word “fragile” mean?A) Very poor. B) Rich. C) Taken. D) Easily destroyed.24.The Para 5 mainly discusses ____.A) how animal wastes enriched landB) how plant roots protected the landC) how humus becomes usefulD) how a forest creates its own soil and protects the watershed25.As the countryside fills up, people are becoming more aware of the need for open space, “open space” means ____.A) public land B) unoccupied land C) unplanted land D) private landPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Most of the larger cities in the world have grown without plans and blueprints. London is such a city. Its streets zigzag, snake, and circle. There is no reason or order to its street-numbering system. Indeed, no one but a veteran taxi driver knows the whole of London. And before he gets his cabbie’s license he must first tour the city for months, street by street, then take a comprehensive examination to prove that he can find his way about. New York and Chicago grew in much the same way. They just in spread out, pushed by the demands for residential, business, or industrial space. Like spilled water, they expanded in all directions. Today in New York, even a native-born Manhattanite despairs of finding his way around Brooklyn. There are a few modern cities, however, that were created out of nothing. They were built strictly by the book according to detailed plans that will also control future growth. Two such American cities are Columbia, Maryland, and Reston, Virginia. But the prime example of a city planned and built from scratch in the twentieth century is Brasilia, the new capital of Brazil.Brasilia was the brain child of Brazil’s President Juscelino Kubitschek, who held office from 1955 to 1960. Kubitschek, like other Brazilian leaders, was concerne d that most of Brazil’s people were crammed into its seacoast cities. Rio de Janeiro, then the nation’s capital and its second largest city, occupies a breathtakingly beautiful site on the Atlantic coast. Sao Paulo, Brazil’s largest city, is very near the coast. Consequently, this meant that riches in timber, minerals, and hydroelectric power sources in the interior of the country were untapped. Recognizing that drastic action was needed to develop the interior, Kubitschek decided to build a brand new capital city in the Brazilian Highlands, 600 miles northwest of Rio de Janeiro. He chose a site that was right in the middle of the wilderness, on land that had never even been plowed.Ready for business in 1960, Brasilia was an architect’s delight and a p lanner’s dream. Its public buildings, monuments, and high-rise apartment complexes were magnificently modern. Access roads fed into its streets with no traffic lights. Every feature seemed logical, reasonable, and right. But for more than a decade, Brasilia seemed all wrong to the people brought there to live and to work in government offices. While it was undeniably a beautiful city, it was not yet a community.For it is people and their history of habitation that turn a city from a collection of streets and buildings into a community. It is people who give a city life and character and personality—and a brand-new,tailor-made Brasilia didn’t have those qualities for a long time. But now, happily, its residents no longer feel they need to rush back to Rio or Sao Paulo at every opportunity. Instead, they visit, picnic, and enjoy one another’s company. Brasilia is beginning to feel like home to them. Other planned cities have faced the same problem of creating a community spirit and identity. Some observers of life in Columbia, Maryland, another planned city, have been concerned with lack of spirit there and have made an interesting comparison between Columbia and Hoboken, New Jersey. Hoboken, an old waterfront town just across the Hudson River from New Yo rk City, is an urban planner’s nightmare. It has row upon row of old dingy buildings, and grass and tree are few and far between. Columbia, on the other hand, is an urban planner’s dream. It has charming colonial and modern houses on winding streets. There are lovely lawns and beautiful trees. And there are bicycle paths and hundreds of acres of woods, meadows, and lakes.Yet something is not quite right. Many Hoboken children are almost fiercely loyal to one another and their community. They may not have lawns and lakes, but they find ways to have fun on the pavements and sidewalks. In Columbia, by contrast, many of the young people seem listless. As one teenager from Detroit put it, “In Detroit it seemed like something was always happening. But here”. And he shrugged his shoulders.What is it about a treeless,grimy,old city like Hoboken that makes people love it so much?What is it about a beautiful new city like Columbia that makes young people shrug with boredom?These are questions which city planners will have to face up to.For no matter how well it is designed,a city will not ultimately come to life unless it inspires the love and loyalty of the people who live and work in it.26.In this sentence “ Indeed, no one but a veteran taxi driver kno ws the whole of London.”(Sent 5, Para. 1), what does the word “veteran” mean?Ａ） Local. Ｂ） Experienced. Ｃ） New. Ｄ） Warm-hearted.27.What can we inferred from Para. 1?A) London’s planning system is sound.B) New York and Chicago developed with the help of planning.C) It’s difficult to be a cabbie in London.D) Finding their way around Brooklyn delights travelers.28.Why did Kubitschek decided to build a new capital city?A) Because he wanted his people to cram into seacoast cities.B) Because the new capital city was more prosperous.C) Because it was a large city with large population.D) Because he thought it necessary to develop inland cities.29.Which of the following statements is true?A) Columbia frightens urban planners.B) Although it’s very beautiful, Columbia makes young people bored.C) Columbia is just in an urban planner’s dream.D) There are rows of grimy buildings and few grass and trees in Columbia.30.What is the main idea of this passage?A) A city must have the spirit to inspire its people, or it will never come to life.B) A city’s planning is very important, a well-planned city attracts more people.C) Although planned cities are nice, people like old cities more because life in old cities is colorful.D) Modern buildings make people love a city.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:In Japan’s capital city of Tokyo, earthquake danger limits the height of buildings. The city has spread out far and the traffic has become so heavy that it is very difficult to get from one place to another. The price of land, too, has skyrocketed. All this explains why a group of Japanese land developers came to the conclusion that there was nowhere to go but down. So far they have dug out space underground for fifteen major shopping centers, and the underground construction has only begun.What are some of the advantages of shopping and eating underground? Clean, filtered air is one of them. The city of Tokyo has one of the most serious smog problems in the world. Another advantage is that you escape the ever-present threat of traffic accidents on the city’s busy streets. Still another is the convenience of getting around: You’re usually right next to, or even in, a subway station. And you can even spend the night underground if you like. The Kyobashi Station, for example, in downtown Tokyo, has a hotel with a bar, restaurant, and barbershop.All sorts of surprises can be found in the underground world. At the enormous Shinjuku Subway Station you drive down a winding road lined with water fountains to arrive at a scarce item in Tokyo—a parking lot—and you find stores and shops a few steps away. In the second basement of the Toshiba is a “Fisherman’s Wharf” crowded with pleasant little seafood places. A tunnel that connects the Hibiya and Sanshin Buildings has a number of art galleries, as well as medical and dental clinics. In between are little coffee shops where you can relax and get refreshments.Probably the most versatile of the underground wonders, and certainly the most complicated to build, is the Yaesu Subcenter at the heart of the city, where four subway lines link up. Its shopping promenade, which is the size of three football fields, contains 350 stores. In Yaesu you can eat in a different place every day for three months. You can draw moneyout of a bank and invest it at a stockbroker’s office. There are tailors, watch repairers, furriers, florists, and book sellers. You can meditate in the Plaza of Water while gazing at eight tanks of rare fish. And you can even get arrested by a police officer from the Yaesu subterranean police station!Under all the commercial activity is a parking lot for 520 cars. And under that is a control center where TV monitors watch the devices that watch the air-its temperature, moisture, and purity. There is no alarm for earthquakes, which are common in Tokyo, but the experts feel that there would be fewer problems underground than on the surface in case of tremors. Yaesu also has emergency generators for power and a chemical system for fighting fire.Underground construction can be complex and expensive. At times, the Yaesu crews could work only three hours a day because their activities interfered with the running of the subway. Then there was the problem caused by finding unidentified water and gas pips. Since many of the municipal blueprints of pipe systems were destroyed during World War II, strange pipes kept turning up; and work had to be stopped while they were identified and taken care of by detour or replacement.There was also some resistance from the people above ground. A good many neighborhood shopkeepers began to picket the project crying, “underground is for moles.” They reasoned that they would lose a lot of their business to the underground competition. The Yaesu people countered by offering them a chance to buy stock in the project. There were a lot of takers, and this had the effect of quieting the complainers. The Yaesu builders wanted to go deeper, but after they had spent 31 million dollars, they ran out of money. Still, there seems to be little doubt that there will be further development down under. In a city like Tokyo, almost the only space left is underground.31.If you want to have your hair cut, you can go to the____.A) Hibiya and Sanshin BuildingsB) Kyobashi StationC) Plaza of WaterD) Second basement of the Toshiba32.It will take____to eat in a different place every day in Yaesu.A) 350 dollars B) 520 cars C) three months D) two hours33.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A) You can buy furs, flowers and books underground.B) The air is purified underground.C) You can eat fresh seafood underground.D) The Yaesu crew work day after night to finish the project.34.Why underground pipes are difficult to be identified?A) Water and gas pipes are not taken care by construction workers.B) Underground pipe systems were destroyed during World War II.C) Many city planning blueprints can be found nowhere.D) Pipes were buried too deep underground.35.What can be inferred from the passage that?A) Tokyo is a city rich in land resources.B) Underground projects will develop further in the future.C) Underground projects are constructed for moles.D) When there is an earthquake, it’s sa fer to stay on thesurface. Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:A few years ago, Ann and Walter Taylor thought it might be time to move out of their New York City apartment to the suburbs. They had one young son and another child on the way. But after months of looking, they became discourage and decided to buy an old townhouse right in the middle of Brooklyn, which is a part of New York City. To their delight, they discovered that they weren’t the only young couple to have made such a decision. In fact, their entire area in Brooklyn had been settled by young families. And as a result, the neighborhood, which had been declining for years, was now being restored.Brooklyn isn’t the only city in the United States to e xperience this kind of renewal.So are Philadelphia and St.Louis.And Charleston,South Carolina,has so successfully rebuilt its old central area that it now ranks as one of America’s most charming cities.The restoration of the old port city of Savannah,Geo rgia,is also living proof that downtown areas do not need to die.But encouraging as these developments may be,they are among the few bright spots in a mass of difficulties that today’s cities face.Indeed,their woes are so many that it is fair to ask whether or not the inner city the core of most urban areas will manage to survive at all.In the 1940s,urban Americans began a mass move to the suburbs in search of fresh air,elbow room,and privacy.Suburbs began to sprawl out across the countryside.Since most of those making the move weremiddle-class,they took with them the tax money the cities needed to maintain the neighborhoods in which they had lived.The people left in the cities were often those who were too old or too poor to move.Thus,many cities began to fall into disrepair.Crime began to soar, and public transportation was neglected.( In the past sixty years San Francisco is the only city in the United States to have completed a new mass transit system.)Meanwhile, housing construction costs continued to rise higher and higher. Middle-class housing was allowed to decay, and little new housing was constructed.Eventually, many downtown areas existed for business only. During the day they would be filled with people working in offices, and at night they would be deserted. Given these circumstances, some business executives began asking, “Why bother with going downtown at all? Why not move theoffices to the suburbs so that we can live and work in the same area?” Gradually, some of the larger companies began moving out of the cities, with the result that urban centers declined even further and the suburbs expanded still more. This movement of business to the suburbs is not confined to the United States. Businesses have also been moving to the suburbs in Stockholm, Sweden, in Bonn, Germany, and in Brussels, Belgium, as well.But it may well be that this movement to the suburbs has reached its peak. Some people may be tired of spending long hours commuting, and they may have begun to miss the advantages of culture and companionship provided by city life. Perhaps the decision made by the Taylors is a sign that people will return to the cities and begin to restore them. It begins to look as if suburban sprawl may not have been the answer to man’s need to create an ideal environment in which to live and work.36.According to the passage,Ann and Walter Taylor____.A) moved from city apartment to the suburbB) remained in the downtown areaC) moved out of New YorkD) bought an old townhouse in the suburb37.It can be inferred from the passage that____.A) downtown areas must die in the futureB) suburbs are sure to replace citiesC) the movement to the suburbs begins to declineD) there are just old and poor people left in the cities38.Business have been moving to suburbs because____.A) people living in the suburbs are richB) many people work in cities and live in suburbsC) environment is pleasant in the suburbsD) American businessmen are fond of moving around39.Why the cities began to fall into disrepair in the 1940s?A) Because people could not earn enough money at that time.B) Because the municipal planning was not sound.C) Because old and poor people were neglected.D) Because many people moved out of the cities.40.What is the main idea of the passage?A) American people move a lot in history.B) Downtown areas are too crowded to live.C) Moving to suburbs is not the answer to an ideal environment.D) Cities are likely to be replaced by the suburbs.Part Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the letter.41.I don’t understand why you ____ the same mistakes.A) keep to make B) keeping to makeC) keep on make D) keep on making42.The Great Wall, its one end ____ to the east of Beijing, lies across North China.A) extending B) extendedC) extends D) is extended 43.The Youth Centers set up by the city government have____those young people to spend their time wisely. A) prohibited B) enabledC) made D) had44.One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon ____ other children.A) infected B) effectedC) affected D) perfected45.After two years of bargaining, the leaders of two countries finally ____ an agreement.A) made B) reachedC) joined D) came46.Revolutionary developments in both observational and theoretical astronomy ____ in the 1960’s.A) disputed B) occurredC) interfered D) commended47.The geysers, one of the most unusual phenomena in nature, is beautiful to ____.A) sketch B) considerC) think D) view48.The teacher rather than the students ____ the mistakes.A) is responsible for B) are responsible forC) is responsible to D) are responsible to49.____, a TV set is in use in every home for about six hours each day.A) It is average B) The average thatC) On the average D) On average50.____ food is often easer to prepare than fresh food.A) Freeze B) FrozenC) Froze D) Freezing51.The police was completely ____ by the thief’s disguise.A) taken back B) taken onC) taken in D) taken down52.____, criticize him.A) Should any one misbehave in classB) Any one should misbehave in classC) If any one were misbehaves in classD) Would any one misbehave in class53.The man who was driving the truck would not admit that he had made a mistake, and ____.A) neither the other driver hadB) neither would the other driverC) neither had the other driverD) the other driver neither would54.I don’t understand why such a good man has been treated with such scorn and ____.A) defection B) defenseC) difference D) indifference55.Where there is an earthquake, energy is ____ in one area along a crack in the earth crust.A) released B) runC) rushed D) escaped56.After a long journey they reached their destination ____.A) at no time B) at leastC) at length D) at large57.Since your friend is visiting her family this evening, ____ you like to have dinner with us.A) don’t B) didn’tC) won’t D) wouldn’t58.The Chinese people will never forget those foreign friends, who ____ down their lives for the cause of the liberation of China.A) has laid B) had laidC) laid D) would have laid59.He was a person who would ____ what he thought right, no matter what the cost to himself.A) stand up for B) keep up withC) put forward D) look up60.It is impossible to make an early ____ to have my hair cut tomorrow.A) employment B) engagementC) appointment D) arrangement61.Of particular interest to visitors ____ the large number of bookstores that sell books in different languages.A) is B) areC) being D) was62.Since the airport is closed this morning, it must ____ last night.A) snowB) have snowedC) have been snowedD) have being snowed63.The robber ____ my handbag and ran off down the street.A) snatched B) took downC) caught D) took off64.I thought the problem of increasing wages would ____ at the meeting, but no one mentioned it.A) come in B) come forC) come to D) come up65.The lost bike of Jim was found ____ in the woods of the park.A) abandoned B) collidedC) diverged D) insulated66.The president ____ a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.A) promised B) is promisedC) has been promising D) is promising67.Susan’s mother is very particular ____ the plates she uses for the party.A) for B) aboutC) to D) in68.It was not until she had arrived home ____ she remembered her appointment with the doctor.A) that B) whenC) and D) where69.The mail was ____ for a week because of the flood.A) held in B) hold onC) hold off D) hold down70.Parents are usually ____ towards the mistakes of their children.A) enormous B) ambitiousC) cruel D) benevolentPart Ⅳ Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions:This part consists of a short passage. In the passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to add a word, cross a word, or change a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right pl ace and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (／) in the blank.Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, what he may do, It is improbable that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in turn. In addition, life is always presenting new things to the child—things that have lost their interesting for older people because they are too well-known. A child finds pleasure in playing in the rain, or in the snow. [JP+2]His first visit to the seaside is a marvelous adventure. But a child has his pains: He is not so free to do as he wishes as he thinks old people do; he is continually being told not to do things,or being punished for that he hasdone wrong.His life is therefore not perfectly happy. When the young man starts to earn his own living, he becomes free from the discipline of school and parents; but at the same time he is forced to accept responsibilities. He can not longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortable. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will suffer hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, therefore, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of seeing himself making steady progress in his job and of building up for himself his own position in society.71.__________72.__________73.__________74.__________75.__________76.__________77.__________78.__________79.__________80.__________Part Ⅴ Wr iting (30 minutes)Title: Loyalty to the EmployerDirections:Some people place a high value on loyalty to the employer. To others, it is perfectly acceptable to change jobs every years to build a career. Please indicate which position you agree with and why.答案与详解Part ⅡPassage One内容概要:本文讨论的是关于土地的使用问题。