Chapter03 04 Brief Introduction and Nomenclature of OC 2010
中国文学史课程第一讲英文资料
中国文学史课程第一讲英文资料双语表达：精彩句子与段落Chapter 1 A Brief Introduction1.C hina has a long and rich literary tradition, but to many Westerners, Chinese literature remains an enigma (谜). Many of the most important Chinese classics are unavailable in translation, as much of China’s literary heritage (particularly its poetry) has been untranslatable, despite scholarly efforts.2.F or 3,500 years, Chinese literature’s diversified genres (类型)and forms have encompassed mythology （神话），poetry, essay, fiction and drama. It rivals (与……媲美) other great literature of the world.3.B eginning with primitive mythology, Chinese literature developed with The Book of Songs (《诗经》)，Poetry of the South (《楚辞》)，the prose of the pre-Qin period, hanfu and yuefu folk songs of the Han Dynasty (汉赋)，the literary criticisim in the Wei and Jin dynasties, the Tang poems, ci of the Song Dynasty, yuanqu in the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming and Qing novels. Each dynasty contributed its own distinctive literary genre.4.C hina’s literary legacy predominantly falls into either classical or modern eras. However, it can be subdivided into four main periods:Classical: pre—late QingModern: 1840—May 4th, 1919Revolutionary: 1919—1949Contemporary: 1949—presentModern literature embraces works from the late Qing Dynasty to the May 4th Movement of 1919. as the decadent (颓废的) reign of the Qing failed to inspire the minds of people, literary forms remained unchanged until the First Opium War of 1840. as foreigners arrived in China and established their colonies, Western thinking began to influence Chinese writing. Novels, poetry, and other works with patriotic (爱国的) and revolutionary themes appeared to expose and attack socialills.●Revolutionary literature spanned the period from 1919 to the foundation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 and took on a new vigor, despite the fact that China was in the throes (挣扎) of political and social unrest (骚动). This period was distinctive as it brought along a new and revised literary language, form, content, and set of skills, which evolved into an independent and open art form available to all. It focused on people’s lives with strong political overtones, emphasizing opposition to imperialism and feudalism, and advocating the building of a new China.●Contemporary literature started with the establishment of the PRC in 1949. there was a holdup of development as the consequence of the “cultural revolution” that lasted for nearly 10 years from 1966 to 1976. the era is now long gone and Chinese literature is prospering once again.●Chinese classical literature refers to literary works from the days before the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, and is virtually an unbroken strand (思想等的一个组成部分) enduring dynastic changes.●Long before the written language appeared, there was an oral tradition of tales of fables and legends. Some of them are still kept in some ancient books as a precious heritage of Chinese literature. Over 3,000 years, there has emerged a great variety of excellent works in terms of poems, essays, novels, dramas and so on.●Chinese Mythology 中国神话●Pangu the Creator盘古开天At first the universe was in chaos. Shaped like an egg, it was an undifferentiated whole. Pangu, the Creator, was born into it. He was an almighty giant. He kept growing everyday until he separated the universe into the sky and the earth with his sheer muscular strength. In spite of this the sky and the earth were still connected at various parts. So he kept at his work with a chisel and an axe until the great feat was achieved. He lived for thousands of years, working all the time until he died of exhaustion. When he died, his body changed into various things. His breath became winds and clouds. His left eye turned into the sun and hisright eye the moon. His arms and legs were transformed into the four corners of the earth and parts of his body the various mountains. His blood formed the rivers and his veins the roads. His flesh became the soil and his skin and fine body hair the trees and plants. His teeth and bones turned into rocks and metals and his marrow pearls and jade. His hair and mustache changed into stars. His sweat fell as rain, nourishing all things. The insects on his body took the shape of men and women.●Nuwa, the Maker of Man女娲造人After the birth of the world there were only creatures but no humans. It was indeed a lonely world. The Almighty Goddess Nuwa wanted to add life and beauty to the world. She set about making man with clay. She shaped little figures after her image with her hands. She breathed life into them and set them down. As soon as they touched ground, they began to cheer and dance. She went about her work day and night. It was slow work. When she became tired, the number of creatures she made was still very small. She thought out an idea to speed up the work. She got a rattan, dipped it into the mud and flung the rattan about. The mud drops turned into men and women.●Nuwa mended the Sky女娲补天Once a terrible disaster hit the earth. The sky collapsed and cracked, the earth tilted and split. Endless rains caused fierce floods, crevices in the ground sent out raging fires. Nuwa came out to save the world. She melted rocks of colours to mend the sky. She broke off the legs of a giant turtle and used them to support the four corners of the fallen sky. She killed the black dragon to save the people and checked the flood with reed ashes. Thus the sky was mended and lifted, the cracks of the earth were filled, the fires put out, the flood tamed and the people saved.●The Ancestors of Man兄妹始祖Fuxi(fu xi伏羲) and Nuwa（nv wa女娲）are the ancestors of man. At the beginning of the world there were only two people, Fuxi and Nuwa. They were brother and sister. They wanted to marry each other, but were ashamed of the idea. They decided to climb up to the holy Mountain named Kunlun, the palace of the God of Heaven on earth. They built two fires and prayed: ”If Heaven sent us down to be husband and wife, may the smoke join; if not, the smoke will go different ways.” In no time the smoke joined, they obeyed the decreeof Heaven. Nuwa went up to Fuxi, who took her sister in his arms. Thus they got married.●Myths about man Very conspicuous in Chinese mythology is a lack of detailed myths regarding the origin of man. As already noted, one that is well-known relates that mankind came from the lice on the decaying body of Pan Gu, but Pan Gu is described in another tradition as fashioning men from clay, some of whom were damaged when storm and rain was pressing on and became deformed as a consequence. Nu Wa, the deity who reconstructed the four pillars supporting heaven, was also said to have created men from clay, with the help of other gods and goddesses, some with care, others by dragging a string through mud because they wanted to produce more and faster. Another tale goes that Nu Wa and her elder brother Fu Xi got married, which marked the beginnings of the human race. Later when they found that the young people lived together irregularly, to the great detriment of morality, they prohibited marriage between members of the same family.●Yu the Great, the Flood Tamer大禹治水Gonggong（gong gong共工）, the water god was defeated in the power struggle against Zhuanxu(zhuan xu 颛顼), one of the five celestial emperors. In fury, he knocked down the Buzhou Mountain（buzhou shan不周山）, one of the pillars of the sky. The sky collapsed, rains poured down, the earth tilted, floods raged. Gun （gun鲧）the Yellow Dragon stole the Growing Earth （xi rang息壤）from heaven in an attempt to block the floods. This failed and he was killed by heaven. Three years after his death, his body was still in good condition. When it was cut open, out bounded his son, the Great Yu（da yu大禹）. Yu carried on the unfinished task of his father. Blocking floods by means of dams and dikes was not enough, that was the lesson he drew from his father’s failure. He also dredged rivers and built canals. Yu drove away Gongong the water god and went at his work thirteen years long. The whole earth was inundated. It was slow work. When he was cutting through the most difficult mountain, the Mountain of the Dragon Gate, he turned himself into a bear. When his wife found him in this form, she turned herself into a rock. He lost his wife, but he was not crushed by thismisery. He kept at his work until the floods were tamed and man was saved. And he was revered as Yu the Great.●The Empty Palace of Gods空寂神殿Compared with Greek mythology, Chinese mythology is not very impressive. There is no comparison between it and Greek mythology in amount, Chinese mythology is fragmented, unsystematic. The family trees of gods are not very clear. Much of Chinese mythology is lost, and what is not lost is scattered and difficult to trace. Various causes have been suggested. First, the extremely complicated written word was not efficient in recording myths and legends. Second, Confucius, the most important Chinese philosopher dismissed anything mysterious or fantastic, and that discouraged the spreading of myths. Third, historians before and after Confucius turned much of mythology into historical events and stories. Fourth, Chinese are probably the most historically conscious; even in ancient times early history and mythology were already entwined. As a result, gods became historical figures, and historical figures became gods. No scholars ever thought of systematically recording myths and legends until this century. However, there occurs a brighter side of the picture. Lots of lost myths are still alive among some minority peoples. Much of it has been recorded in the past decades. It won’t be long before Chinese mythology is reconstructed and systematized. 相对于希腊神话，中国神话给人印象不深。
高级英语第一册第四课课件
Words related to "stereotype"
prejudgment, bias, generalization
Sentence structure
03 analysis and translation skills
Analysis of complex presence structures
The author of the text belongs to one of these literary schools and inherits its literary tradition and spirit Through the study of the text, learners can also understand the characteristics and influence of this literary school
Chapter structure
04 sorting and summary of the main idea
Chapter structure sorting
Introduction
The lesson begins with a brief introduction to the topic and the author's background
human nature
The author's works are often characterized by vivid descriptions,
complex plots, and profounded themes, which attract readers and
Chapters 3-4 英国文学简史ppt(English Literature)
the zenith of wealth and power during her reign. ➢ The Elizabethan age was one in which Renaissance transformed Chaucer’s medieval England into Shakespeare’s modern one.
➢ Plays, 37 in number
John Shakespeare's house, believed to be Shakespeare's birthplace, in Stratford-uponAvon.
William Shakespeare
(1564-1616)
Drama: period I
Drama: period III
➢ 1608-1612: the period of romances or serenity
➢ Cymbeline, Winter’s Tale, The Tempest
A Statue of William Shakespeare in Lincoln Park, Chicago.
First English comedy and tragedy
➢ Gammer Gurton’s Needle (1553/1575) ➢ Gorboduc (1561)
Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593)
Introduction ➢ The most preeminent figure among the
英文小说赏析《亚当夏娃日记》
The Author and the Backgroud
Two stages of his creation ⅠHumor and irony, Brisk Tease,Realism
ⅡHopelessness, mysticism, Pessimism
Both social reasons and Family reasons.
Interpretation of the Novel
Feminism 女性主义
Soon, brilliant yellow-and-red flares shot up through the smoke, and I named them in an instant—flames! —and I was right, too, though these were the very first flames that had ever been in the world. They climbed the trees, they flashed splendidly in and out of the vast and increasing volume of tumbling smoke, and I had to clap my hands and laugh and dance in my rapture, it was so new and strange and so wonderful and so beautiful!
Chapter appreciation
• All the week I tagged around after him and tried to get acquainted. I had to do the talking, because he was shy, but I didn’t mind it. He seemed pleased to have me around, and I used the sociable “we” a good deal, because it seemed to flatter himpter appreciation
英语专业考研材料-英国文学课后练习
Chapter One The Anglo-Saxon PeriodI. Fill in the blanks.1.After the fall of the Roman Empire and athe withdrawl of Roman troops fromAlbion, the aboriginal ＿＿population of the larger part of the island was soon conquerered and almost totally exterminated by the Teutonic tribes of ____, _____ , and _____ who came from the continent and settled in the island, naming its central part a, or England.2.For nearly ______ years prior to the coming of the English, British had been aRoman province. In _____, the Rome withdrew their legions from Britain to protect herself against swarms of Teutonic invaders.3.The literature of early period falls naturally into teo divisions, and ____.The former represents the poetry which ____the Anglso-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of _____ , the crude material out of which literature was slowly developed on English soil; the later represents the writings developed under the teaching of ______ .4._____can be justly termed England’s national epic and its hero _____---one of thenational heros of the English people.5.The Song of Beowulf reflects events which took place on the ______approximately at the beginning of the_____century, when the forefathers of the Jutes lived in the southern part of the _____ and maintained close relations with kindred tribes, e.g. with the ______ who lived on the other side of the straits.6.Among the early Anglo-Saxon poets we may mention______ who lived in thelatter half of the ______ century and who wrote a poetic Paraphase of the Blible.7.____ is the first known religious poets of England. He is known as the father ofEnglish song.8.The didactic poem “The Chris t” was produced by ________.II. Choose the best answer for each blank.1.The most important work of _______ is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, which isregarded as the best monument of the old English prose.a. Alfred the Greatb. Caedmonc. Cynewulfd. Venerable Bede2. Who is the monster half-huamn who had mingled thirty warriors in The Song of Beowulf?a. Hrothgat.b. Heorot.c. Grendel.d. Beowulf.3. _____ is the first important religious poet in English Literature.a. Cynewulfb. Caedmonc. Shakepeare.d. Adam Bede4. The epic, The Song of Beowulf, represents the spirit of ______.a. monksb. romanticistsc. sentimentalistd. paganIII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.1. ( ) The author of The Song of Beowulf is Cynewulf.2. ( ) The setting of The Song of Beowulf is in Scotland.3. ( ) Alfred the Great compiles The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.4. ( ) Venerable Bede wrote The Ecclesiastical History of the English People.5. ( ) The author of Paraphase is Caedmon.IV. Define the liretary terms listed below.1.Alliteration2.Epic.V. Answer the following questions.1.What do you know about the Teutors.2.Please give a brief description of The Song of Boewulf.Chapter Two The Anglo-Norman PeriodI. Fill in the following blanks.1.In the year___, at the battle of ___, the ____ headed by William, Duke ofNormandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons.2.The literature which Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright,____ tales of _______ and _______, in marked contrast with the ___ and ______ of Anglo-Saxon poetry.3.English literature is also a combination of ____and _____ elements.4.In the 14th century, the two most important writers are ___ and Chaucer.5.In the 15th century, there is only one important prose writer whose name is _____.He wrote an important work called Morte d’ Arthur.II. Define the leterature terms listed below.1.Canto2.legend3.Arthurian Legend.III. Read the excerpt of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight carefully, and then make a brief comment on it.IV. Answer the following questions.1.What is the consequence of the Norman Conquest?2.Make a brief survey of the middle English literature.Chapter Three Geoffrey ChaucerI. Fill in the following blanks.1.Chaucer’s masterpiece is _____, one of the most famous works in all literature.2.Chaucer created in The Canterbury Tales a strikingly brilliant and picturesquepanorama of _______.3.There are various kinds of ballads _______, ______, ______, _____, and ______.4.Bishop ____ was among the first to take a literary interest in ballads.5.The name of the “jolly innkeeper” in The Canterbury Tales is ______, whoproposes that each pilgrim of the ____ should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two more on the way back.6.In contradistinction to the ______ verse of Anglo-Saxon poetry, Chaucer chose themetrical form which laid the foundation of the English _____ verse.II. Choose the best answer.1.Who is the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets ofEngland?a. Christopher Marlowb. Geoffrey Chaucerc. W. Shakespeared. Alfred the Great2. Chaucer’s earlist work of any length is his “______” a translation of the French “Roman de la Rose” by Gaillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung, which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but throught Europe.a. Troilus and Criseydeb. A Red, Red Rosec. Romance of the Rosed. Piers the Plowman3. In his literary development, Chaucer was influenced by three literatures, which one is not true?a. French literature.b. Italian literaturec. English literatured. American literatureIII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.1. ( ) The 32 pilgrims, according to Chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that ofBaccoccio’s Decameron.2. ( ) The Prologue is a splendid masterpiece of Romantic portray, the first of itskind in the history of English literature.3. ( ) The Canterbury Tales is a vivid and brilliant reflection of 15th century inEngland.4. ( ) Chaucer’s poetry traces out a path to th e literature of English Renaissance. IV. Define the leterary terms listed below.1.Romance.2.Fable.3.BalladV. Anwer the following question.1.What is the social significance of The Canterbury Tales ?Chapter Four The RenaissanceI. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or phrase according to the textbook.1.Shakespeare’s first priginal play written in about 1590 was _________.2.Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and _______ are generally regar ded as Shakespeare’sfour great tragedies.3.The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus is one of _______’s best known sonnets.4.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ______.5.Bacon’s works may be divided into three classes, the ______, the _______, the_______ works.6.Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of theEnglish national state this period is marked by a flourishing of national culture known as the _________.7.Edmund Spenser was the author of the greatest epic poem of _______.II. Find out the author and his works.⑴The author and their works1. ( ) Thomas More a. Gorge Green2. ( ) Enmund Spenser b. Eupheus3. ( ) John Lyly c.The Fairy Queen4. ( ) Marlowe d. Utopia5. ( ) Robert Greene e. The Jew of Malta⑵The characters in the play1. ( ) Desdemona a. The Merchant of Venice2. ( ) Cordelia b. As you like it3. ( ) Juliet c.Hamlet4. ( ) Ophelia d. King Lear5. ( ) Portia e. Othello6. ( ) Rosalind f. Romeo and JulietIII. Define the leterary terms listed below.1.Renaissance2.sonnet3.Spenserian Stanza4.Humanism5.dramatic irony6.tragedy7.allusionIV. Answer the following questions.1.Give a summary about the English literature during the Renaissance period.2.What is the main idea of Hamlet?3.Give a brief introduction to Thomas More’s Utopia.4.When were Shakespeare’s main tragedies written? what did he write about in histragedies?Chapter Five The Period of Revolution and RestorationI. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or phrase according to th etextbook.1.The 17th century was a period when ______ impeded the further development ofcapitalism in England and the ______ could no longer bear the sway of _______.2.England became a commomwealth under the leadership of _______.3.The Glorious Revolution in _____ meant three things the supremacy of ________,the beginning of _______, and the final truiumph of the principle of _______.4.Restoration created a literature of its own, that was often ______ and _______,but on the whole _______ and _______.5.The first thing to strike the reader is Donne’s extraordinary _____ and penetrating_______. The next is the ______ which marks certain of the lighter poems and which represents a conscious reation from the extreme _______ of woman encouraged by the Petrachan tradition.6.Paradise Lost presents the author’s view in an ______, _______ form. It is basedon the _______legend of the imaginary progenitors of the human race-______, and _______, and involves God and his eternal adversary _____in its plot.7.Bunyan’s most important work is _________, written in the old-fashioned,medieval form of ________ and _________.8.Christia has two objects, ---to get rid of his ______, which holds the sins and fearsof his life, and to make his way.II. Find out the work from column A and its content from column B.1. ( ) II Penseroso a. defense of the Revolution2. ( ) Lycidas b. Satan against God3. ( ) Comas c. about dear friend4. ( ) Areopagitica d. happiness5. ( ) Eikonolastes e. meditation6. ( ) Defense for the English People f. masque7. ( ) Paradise Lost g. attack on the censorship8. ( ) L’Allegro h. justifying the excutionIII.Define the leterature terms listed below.1.Blank Verse2.Three Unities3.Conceit4.Stanza5.Elegy6.Allegory7.Genre8.Literary CriticismIV. Answer the following questions.1.What are the different aspects between the literature of Elizabeth period and thatof the Revolution period?2.Give a brief analysis of Satan, the central figure in Paradise Lost.3.Why do people say Samson is Milton?4.In your opinion, why is “The Pilgrim’s P rogress” successful?Chapter Six The Age of Enlightenment EnglandI. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or phrase according to th etextbook.1.The Revolution of 1688, which banished the last of the _____ kings, marks theend of the long struggle for political freedom in England.2.Another feature of the age was the rapid development of _________.3.It is simply for convenience that we study 18th century writings in three maindivisions: the reign of so-called _____, the revival of _______ poetry, and the beginnings of the _______.4.The philosophy of the nlighteners, though ________ ________ and _________ inits essence, did not exclude senses, or sentiments, as a means of perception and learning.5.The most outstanding figure of English sentimentalism was ________.6.The Tarler and _______ _________ were Steele and Addison’s chief contributionto English literature.7.Robinson Crusoe is largely an ______ ________ ________ story, rather than thestudy of ______ _______ which Defoe probably intended it to be.8.Gulliver’s adventures begins with ______________, who are so small thatGulliver is a giant among them.9.The poem, which Addison named ______ _______, was hailed throughoutEngland as a great work.10.In the essays of the 16th century, French writer ____ set the model for morefamiliar, personal and discursive discussion.11.Fielding’s laternovels are _______________, was inspired by the success ofRichardson’s novel Pamela.12.As________, Goldsmith is among the best of the century.13.The greatest of _______ poets is Robert Burns.II. Match the theirs works in column A writers/genres with in column B.⑴1. ( ) The Deserted Village a. Thomas Gary2. ( ) The Village b. George Crabble3. ( ) Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard c. Oliver Goldsmith4. ( ) The Seasons d. James Thomson5. ( ) The Rape of the Lock e. William Blake6. ( ) The Chimney Sweeper f. Alexander Pope7. ( ) A Red, Red Rose g. Robert Burns⑵1. ( )A Sentimental Journey a. Daniel Defoe2. ( ) The Vicar of Wakefield b. Jonathan Swift3. ( ) The School for Scandal c.John Bunyan4. ( ) The History of a Young Lady d. Horace Walpole5. ( ) Tom Jones e. Laurence Sterne6. ( ) The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle f. Oliver Goldsmith7. ( ) Robinson Crusoe g. Richard B. Sheridam8. ( ) Gulliver’s Travels h. Samuel Richardson9. ( ) The Castle of Otranto i. T. G. Smollet10.( ) The Pilgrim’s Progress j. Fielding.⑶1. ( ) The Vicar of Wakefield a. essay2. ( ) She Stoops to Conquer b. poem3. ( ) The Citizen of the world c. novel4. ( ) The Deserted Village d. comedyIII.Define the leterature terms listed below.1.Enlightenment Movement2.Realistic Novel3.Gothic novel4.Heroic Couplet5.Mock Epic6.Bildungsroman7.Epitaph8.Farce9.Imagism10.RhymeIV. Answer the following questions.1.What is Pope’s position in En glish literature?2.What are the features of Sterne’s novels?3.What are the narrative festures of Gulliver’s Travel?4.What is Dr. Johnson’s comment on Addison’s prose?5.What is Fielding’s style?6.Why is Burn’s poetry important?Chapter Seven The Romantic PeriodI. Fill in the following blanks.1.With the publication of William Wordworth’s _____ in Collaboration with S. T.Coleridge, ________ began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.2.The most important and decisive factor in the develoment of literature is _____,English Romanticism was greatly influenced by the _______ and _______.3.The greatest historical novelist _____ was produced in the Romantic Age.4.Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems, one is Child e Harold’sPilgrimage, the other is ________.5.Shelley’s poem _______ (1816), is vaguely autobiographical acount of a youngpoet’s unsuccessful attempt to recapture his envisional ideal.6.Ode to a Nightingale was written by _______.II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. The Romantics emphasized the special qualities of each individual’smind.2.The brilliant literary criticiam Biographis literaria is written by Samuel Johnson. III. Write the author of the following literary works.1. Song of Innocence2. The Prelude3. Kubla Khan4. Don Juan5. Prometheus Unbound6. Ode to the West Wind7. Ode on a Greciam Urn 8. Pride and Prejudice9. Poor RelationsIV. Match the authors in column A with the works in column B.1. Dante a. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud2.Byron b. Ode to a Nightingale3. Wordsworth c. Gain4. Keats d. Prometheus Unbound5. Shelley e. Divine ComedyV. Define the following terms.1.Romanticismke poetsVI. Answer the following questions.1.How does Wordsworth define the poet?2.What kinds of stylistic devices are used in Ode to the West Wind?ment on Austen’s writing festures.Chapter Eight The Victorian AgeI. Fill in the following blanks.1.Victorian literature, as a product of its age, naturally took on its quality of _____and _______. It was many-sicked and complex, and reflected both _____ and ______ the great changes that were going on in people’s life and thought.2.The novel _____ makes a fierce attack on the bourgeoise system of education andthe bourgeois philosophy _______.3.George Eliot produced three remarkbale novels including Adam Bede, The Millon the Floss and __________________.4.________ by Tenneyson is made of 12 books of narrative poems.5.In Victorian poetry, the “Browning” refers to _________ and _______. II. Define the literary terms.1.Critical realism.III. Find the relevant match from column B for each item in column A.⑴ A B1. Transcendentalism a . Stephen Crane2. Neoclassicism b. Robert Louis Stevenson3. Preromanticism c. Percy Bysse Shelley4. Sentimentalism d. Henry Fielding5. Realism e. William Blake6. Romanticism f. Alezander Pope7. Criticial realism g. Rolph Waldo Emerson8. New romanticism h. Ezra Pound9. Naturalism i. Charles Dickens10. Imagism j. Lawrence Sterne⑵1. Charles Dickens a. Mary Barton2. William Makepeace Thackeray b. Jane Eyre3. Charlotte Bronte c. Vanity Fair4. Emily Bronte d. David Copperfield5. Mrs. Gaskell e. Wuthering Heights6. George Eliot f. The Mill on the Floss7. Thomas Hardy g. The Egoist8. George Meredith h. Tess of the D’Urbervilles9. Samuel Butler i. News From Nowhere10. William Morris j. The Way of All FlushIV. Answer the following questions.1.What is the majoe contribution made by critical realists in the 19th century.2.Give a brief analysis of the features of Dickens’ works.Chapter Nine 20TH Century LiteratureI. Fill in the following blanks.1.Those “novels of character and enviorement” by Thomas Hardy are the mostrepresentative of him as both a _______ and a critical realist writer.2.The trilogy “The Forsyte Saga” consists of The Man of Property, In Chancery and_________.wrence first novel, _________________, was received with respect.4.Virginia Woolf’s novel ________________, published in 1925, made herreputation as an important psychological writer.5._________is the m ost outstanding stream of consciousness novelist.II. Define the literary terms.1.Imagism2.ModernismIII. Find the relevant match from column B for each item in column A.1. James Joyce a. Neo-classicism2. Ezra Pound b. An active romantic3. William Wordsworth c. Humanism4. Oscar Wilde d. Transcendantalism5. Walter Scott e. A radical enlightenner6. Alezander Pope f. Imagism7. Johanthan Swift g. Aestheticism8. Percy Bysshe Shelley h. A lake Poet9. William Shakespeare i. Stream of consciousness10. Henry, David Thoreau j. A historical novelistIV. Give a brief comment on the characteristic of Hardy’s novels.。
高考英语概要写作讲解+课件-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
概要写作（小作文）
把握文体特点
记叙文
六要素：what who when where why how
概要写作（小作文）
概要写作（小ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ文）
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④Finally, the anxiety of dating is greatly lessened with cyber-dating. Traditionally, men take the lead in dating. They are the ones who have to ask a woman out on a date. They have to risk rejection. It’s no better for women, however. Many women still wait for a man to ask them out first. Then, if they don’t want to go out with him, they have to let the man down gently. While it’s true that sometimes with cyber-dating men still get rejected and women still reject, you experience this in the privacy of your own home. Moreover, you never have to see the person again because you have never met! It’s the perfect solution.
国际商务PPTChapter03
and network of interpersonal contacts; competition between individuals less ability to build
teams to perform collective tasks.
3-14
Individuals And Groups
There may be a relationship between the culture and the cost of doing business in a country or region.
Culture is not static. – MNEs can contribute to cultural change. (Western fast-food companies)
While all societies are stratified to some extent, they differ by: the degree of mobility between social strata the significance attached to social strata in business
Societies differ in terms of the degree to which the group is viewed as the primary means of social organization.
大卫科波菲尔
《大卫·科波菲尔》 (节选)
“我”搬离米考伯家
（45-54段）
米考伯入狱 “我”探视米考伯 “我”搬离米考伯家
“我”在小说中的主要作用是什么？
What is the main role of“I” in the novel?
01
是线索人物，以一 个孩童的视角去揣 摩、想象，串联起 故事，推动了情节 发展。
叙述人称
优点
缺点
拉近与读者的距离，使小 局限于个人所见，造成叙述的主观性，
第一人称
说显得真实亲切，便于抒 且易局限于叙述的时态，不便于对广阔
（有限视角）
发感情。
历史主题的叙述。
第二人称 第二人称增强文章的抒情 强制性地把读者拉进了故事中，
（有限视角） 性，便于感情交流。
使读者觉得有点奇怪。
叙述者对作品中人物及其命运，对所有 第三人称不受时空限制， 事件可完全预知和任意摆布，读者在阅 第三人称 叙述自由灵活，直接客观 读中只能被动地等待叙述者将自己还未 （全知视角） 地展现丰富多彩的生活。 知悉的一切讲述出来，剥夺了接受者的
创作背景
Creative background
3 《大卫·科波菲尔》它的成就超过了狄更斯 所有其他作品，被称为他“心中最宠爱的 孩子”。当时由于英、法革命运动的失败， 资产阶级的反动势力更加嚣张，狄更斯对 社会的认识不断深化，从而作品反映的社 会生活也更加广阔。
4 它通过一个孤儿的不幸遭遇描绘了一幅广阔的社会画面，揭露了资产阶级对 劳动人民的剥削、司法界的黑暗腐败和议会对人民的欺压。作品塑造了不同 阶层的典型人物，特别是劳动者的形象，表现了作者对弱小者的深切同情。
• 采用人物漫画法时，要注意夸张得适当、合理，这样读者看了才有真实感。 人物漫画法一般用于对人物的贬斥或讽刺。
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1, multifunctional [,mʌlti'fʌŋkʃənəl] adj. 多功能的 multifunctional: 多功能/多官能/功能2, cycloalkene n. [有化] 环烯 cycloalkene: 环己烯/环烯/环烷3, ethylene ['eθili:n] n. 乙烯 Ethylene: 乙烯/乙撑/乙烯基4, menthene ['menθi:n] n. 薄荷油；薄荷烯 Menthene: 薄荷油/薄荷烯5, bromine ['brəumi:n] n. [化学] 溴 bromine: 溴盐/溴素/臭素6, phenols ['fi:nɔlz] n. 酚类；酚类化合物（phenol的复数）；石炭酸: 多酚/酚类/酚类化合物7, Quinones n. 醌类 Quinones: 醌类/苯醌/化合物8, acid anhydride 【化学】酸酐9, imine [i'mi:n] n. 【化学】亚胺10, nitro compounds nitro compounds: 硝基化合物11, nitroso [nai'trəusəu] adj. 亚硝基的 nitroso: 亚硝基12, boron ['bɔ:rɔn] n. [化学] 硼 Boron: 硼/硼原子反应堆控制棒/环境保护13, silicon ['silikən, -kɔn] n. [化学] 硅；硅元素 Silicon: 硅/硅胶/硅利康14, heterocyclic compound [有化] 杂环化合物 heterocyclic compound: 杂环化合物15, fats [fæts] n. （食用的）动植物油（fat的复数）；育肥待上市的家畜 Fats: 脂肪16, amino acids 氨基酸（amino acid的复数） Amino acids: 氨基酸/胺基酸/蛋白质17, partial ['pɑ:ʃəl] adj. 局部的；偏爱的；不公平的 partial: 部分的/一部分的/分音18, Haloalkanes Haloalkanes: 卤代烷/卤烷类19, phosphates n. 光气，磷酸盐（phosphate的复数形式） Phosphates: 磷酸盐/磷酸盐类/磷肥20, disulfide [dai'sʌlfaid] n. [无化] 二硫化物（等于disulphide）21, carbonyl ['kɑ:bənil] n. 羰基（含有羰基的金属化合物）；碳酰 carbonyl: 羰基/碳酰/碳酰基22, thioester [,θaiəu'estə] n. 【化学】硫酯23, chlorides n. 氯化物（chloride的复数）24, heteroatom ['hetərəu,ætəm] n. 杂原子，杂环原子 heteroatom: 异质原子/杂原子25, polyether [,pɔli'i:θə] n. [高分子] 聚醚；多醚 polyether: 多醚/聚醚/聚乙醚26, IUPAC abbr. 国际理论和应用化学联合会（International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry）27, alphabetize ['ælfəbətaiz] vt. 依字母顺序排列；用字母表示；拼音化28, substituent [səb'stitjuənt] n. 取代基；取代者 adj. 被代替的；: 取代基/取代/取代者29, di- [dai] pref. 表示二次、二倍之义 di-: 通过/否定/二30, tri- [trai] pref. 三；三倍 tri-: 三次/三组/三31, multiples ['mʌltiplz] n. 倍数；跨国公司；多倍制图仪；连票: 风险倍量/倍数/多倍制图仪32, ethane ['eθein] n. [有化] 乙烷 ethane: 乙烷/全溴乙烷/全碘乙烷33, hexane ['heksein] n. [有化] 己烷 hexane: 己烷/正己烷/乙烷34, equidistant [,i:kwi'distənt] adj. 等距的；距离相等的: 等距/等距离的/等间距的35, ethyl ['i:θail, 'eθi-] n. 乙烷基；含四乙铅的汽车燃料 ethyl: 乙基/乙烯/乙荃36, propyl ['prəupəl] n. 丙基；丙烷基 propyl: 丙基/丙烷基/正丙基37, n-butyl n. 正丁基 n-butyl: 又称正丁基/正丁基/丁基38, isopropyl [,aisəu'prəupil] n. [有化] 异丙基 isopropyl: 异丙基/等丙基/苯噻菌胺39, butyl ['bju:til] n. 丁基；丁基合成橡胶 butyl: 丁基/丁脂的/氰氟草酯40, isobutyl [,aisəu'bju:til] n. [有化] 异丁基 isobutyl: 异丁基41, tert-butyl n. 叔丁基；三级丁基 tert-butyl: 叔丁基43, tertiary ['tə:ʃəri] adj. 第三的；第三位的；三代的 n. 第三纪；第三级教士:44, attachment [ə'tætʃmənt] n. 附件；依恋；连接物；扣押财产 ATTACHMENT: 车缝/附件/附着45, parentheses [pə'renθisi:z] n. 圆括号（parenthesis的复数形式）: 括号/圆括弧/圆括号47, cyclohexadiene [,saikləu,heksə'daii:n] n. [有化] 环己二烯: 环己二烯/环巳二烯48, propyl- ['prəupəl-] comb.form 表示丙基 propyl-: 丙基49, heptene ['hepti:n] n. [有化] 庚烯（等于heptylene） heptene: 庚烯/双环庚烯50, prefix [,pri:'fiks, 'pri:fiks] n. 前缀 vt. 加前缀；将某事物加在前面51, meth [meθ] n. 甲安菲他明（一种兴奋剂）52, ETH [eð; eθ] abbr. 埃塞俄比亚全国运动联合会（National Ethiopian Sports Confederation）53, prop [prɔp] vt. 支撑；维持 n. 支柱；支持者54, but 55, pent [pent] adj. 被关闭的；56, hex [heks] n. 十六进制；妖法；巫婆 vi. 施魔法 vt. 施魔法于57, hept HEPT: 胸腺嘧啶/板高度58, Oct abbr. 十月（October）59, non [nɔn] adv. 非，不 n. 投反对票的人， 60, Dec abbr. 十二月（December）61, unsaturated hydrocarbon [有化] 不饱和烃: 不饱和烃/不饱烃/不饱和碳氢化合物62, chloro chloro: 氯代/表示“绿/绿63, Floro Floro: 弗卢勒/弗洛罗64, bromo ['brəuməu] n. 镇静剂；止头痛药；助消化药 Bromo: 婆罗摩/布罗莫/婆罗摩火山65, iodo iodo: 碘代66, methylheptane methylheptane: 甲基庚烷67, dimethyl- [dai'meθil] comb.form 【化学】表示二甲(基)68, dichloro dichloro: 二氯69, cyclohexene n. [有化] 环己烯: /环戍烯/已烯70, bromo- ['brəumən-] comb.form 【化学】表示溴(化)：bromoform bromo-: 溴代71, octene ['ɔkti:n] n. [有化] 辛烯 octene: 辛烯72, ethoxy [e'θɔksi] adj. 乙氧基的 ethoxy: 羟乙基/乙氧基/乙氧73, pentene ['penti:n] n. [有化] 戊烯 pentene: 戊烯/异戊烯/潘婷74, parent hydrocarbon parent hydrocarbon: 前体碳氢化合物/母体碳氢化合物/亲体烃75, suffix ['sʌfiks, sə'fiks] n. 后缀；下标 vt. 添后缀 suffix: 后缀/添标/词尾76, pentanol ['pentə,nɔl] n. [有化] 戊醇 pentanol: 戊醇/叔戊醇/异构体混合物77, propoxy propoxy: 丙氧基78, ethanol ['eθə,nɔl] n. [有化] 乙醇，[有化] 酒精 Ethanol: 乙醇/酒精/又叫酒精79, cited v. 引用（cite的过去分词） cited: 上面引用的/引证/引用80, alphabetical order 字母顺序；字顺排列法 alphabetical order: 字母顺序/字母排序/字母次序81, hexene ['heksi:n] n. [有化] 己烯82, penten ['pentən] n. 五亚乙基六胺（等于pentaethylenehexamine） Penten: 潘婷83, hexanoic acid [,heksə'nəuik] [有化] 己酸 hexanoic acid: 己酸/已油酸/正己酸84, Benzenecarbaldehyde Benzenecarbaldehyde: 苯甲醛85, benzaldehyde [ben'zældəhaid] n. [有化] 苯甲醛；安息香醛: 苯甲醛/苯醛/苯甲醚86, methylcyclohexanol n. 甲基环己醇 methylcyclohexanol: 甲基环己醇/甲基己醇87, Butan Butan: 丁烷 88, hexanamine hexanamine: 二环己胺89, 1-Propanamine 1-Propanamine: 丙胺90, quaternary [kwə'tə:nəri] adj. [数] 四进制的；Chapter41,mechanisms n. 机制；机构（mechanism的复数）；机械；机构学 Mechanisms: 机制/机构学/历程2,conformation [,kɔnfɔ:'meiʃən] n. 构造；一致，符合 conformation: 构象/构造/组成3,cycloalkanes n. 环烷（cycloalkane的复数） cycloalkanes: 环烷/环烷烃/脂环烃4,saturated ['sætʃəreitid] v. 使渗透，使饱和（saturate的过去式） adj. 饱和的；渗透的；深颜色的5,homologs n. 同系物；同源染色体；相当或相同的事物（homolog的复数）: 同源染色体/同系物6,isobutane [,aisə'bju:tein] n. [有化] 异丁烷 isobutane: 异丁烷/丁烷/甲基丙烷7,isohexane [,aisəu'heksein] n. [有化] 异己烷 isohexane: 异己烷8,octane ['ɔktein] n. 辛烷 octane: 辛烷/正辛烷/异辛烷9,decane ['dekein] n. [有化] 癸烷；十炭矫质 decane: 癸烷/正十烷/正癸烷10,cyclohexane [,saikləu'heksein] n. [有化] 环己烷 cyclohexane: 环己烷/环己胺/环已烷11,liquify ['likwifai] vt. 液化；溶解（等于liquefy） vi. 液化；溶解: 液化/液化使液化/流体变形12,petroleum [pi'trəuliəm,pə-] n. 石油 petroleum: 石油/新生石油/凡士林13,gasoline ['ɡæsəli:n] n. 汽油 Gasoline: 汽油/汽油炉/乙酰汽油14,diesel [['di:zəl]] n. 柴油机；柴油；（俚）健康的身体 adj. 内燃机传动的；: 迪赛/柴油机/柴油15,kerosene ['kerəsi:n] n. 煤油，火油 kerosene: 煤油/火水/灯油16,jet fuel 喷气燃料；航空煤油；喷气式发动机燃料 jet fuel: 喷气燃料/喷气发动机燃料/航空煤油17,lubricating oil n. 润滑油 lubricating oil: 润滑油/润滑机油/偈油18,heating oil 民用燃料油，加热油 heating oil: 取暖油/燃料油/热燃油19,petroleum refining 炼油；[油气] 石油加工 Petroleum refining: 石油提炼/石油加工/石油炼制20,combustion [kəm'bʌstʃən] n. 燃烧，氧化；骚动 Combustion: 燃烧学/燃烧/合并21,cracking ['krækiŋ] n. 破裂；分馏 adj. 重大的；敏捷的；出色的 adv. 非常；极其 v. 破裂；打开；22,hydrocracking ['haidrəu,krækiŋ] n. [油气] 加氢裂化；氢化裂解 v. [油气] 加氢裂化23,catalyst ['kætəlist] n. [物化] 催化剂；刺激因素 catalyst: 催化剂/催化剂触媒/触媒24,halogenation [,hælədʒi'neiʃən] n. 卤化，加卤作用 halogenation: 卤化/卤化作用/卤化反应25,initiation [i,niʃi'eiʃən] n. 启蒙，传授；开始；入会 initiation: 引发/起爆/开始26,chlorine ['klɔ:ri:n] n. [化学] 氯（17号化学元素） chlorine: 氯气/氯/氯气处理27,photon ['fəutɔn] n. [物] 光子；辐射量子；见光度（等于light quantum）: 光子/光量子/双光子28,Free-radical Free-radical: 自由基29,generate ['dʒenəreit] vt. 使形成；发生；生殖 generate: 产生/生成/导致30,Reactive intermediate Reactive intermediate: 活泼中间体/中间体31,propagation [,prɔpə'ɡeiʃən] n. 传播；繁殖；增殖 propagation: 传播/传送/广传32,intermediate [,intə'mi:djət,-dieit] adj. 中间的，中级的 n.中间物；媒介 vi. 起媒介作用33,initiation step initiation step: 初级过程/启动步骤/引发步骤34,homolysis [həu'mɔlisis] n. [化学] 均裂；同种溶解，同族溶解35,collide with 冲突 collide with: 抵触/碰撞/互撞36,abstracts n. 摘要；抽象事物；精粹v. 提取；使抽象化；摘录文摘/摘要/本期英文提要37,regenerating v. 再生（regenerate的ing形式）；改革；使恢复原状 Regenerating: 再生38,diagram ['daiəɡræm] n. 图表；图解 vt. 用图解法表示 diagram: 图表/图形/线图39,reaction coordinate [物化] 反应坐标 reaction coordinate: 反应坐标40,termination [,tə:mi'neiʃən] n. 结束，终止 Termination: 解雇/终止/结束41,contaminant [kən'tæminənt] n. 污染物；致污物 contaminant: 污垢物/污染物/杂质42,kcal abbr. [热] 千卡（kilocalorie） Kcal: 热量/千卡/卡路里43,electron-deficient electron-deficient: 缺电子/电子44,chlorination [,klɔ:ri'neiʃən] n. 氯化作用，加氯消毒 chlorination: 氯化酌/加氯处理/氯化45,fluorine ['flu（:）əri:n] n. [化学] 氟 Fluorine: 氟/氟气/上海东氟46,prevalent ['prevələnt] adj. 流行的；普遍的，广传的 prevalent: 普遍的/流行/盛行的47,staggered ['stægəd] adj. 错列的；吃惊的 v. 蹒跚（stagger的过去式和过去: 错开/交错的/参差的48,dihedral angle [生化] 双面角；[航] 反角 Dihedral Angle: 二面角/双面角/上反角49,eclipsed v. 引起日蚀；遮暗；使失色（eclipse的过去分词） eclipsed: 使失色50,conformational analysis [化学] 构象分析 conformational analysis: 构象分析/构形分析51,torsional strain 扭应变，扭转应变；扭变形 torsional strain: 扭转应变/扭应变/扭距应变52,propane ['prəupein] n. [有化] 丙烷 propane: 丙烷/氟代丙烷/丙烷气53,bulky ['bʌlki] adj. 体积大的；庞大的；笨重的 bulky: 庞大的/松厚/榔槺54,methyl group 甲基 methyl group: 甲基55,butane ['bju:tein] n. [有化] 丁烷 butane: 丁烷/异丁烷/正丁烷56,steric hindrance [化学] 位阻，位阻现象 steric hindrance: 空间障碍/位阻/位阻现象57,gauche [ɡəuʃ] adj. 笨拙的；粗鲁的；不善交际的；偏转的 gauche: 粗鲁的/笨拙的/无礼58,anti ['ænti,-tai] n. 反对者，反对论者 adj. 反对的 Anti: 抗/反/反对者59,zigzag ['ziɡzæɡ] n. 之字形；Z字形 vt. 使成之字形；使曲折行进 vi. 曲折行进；作之字形行进 adj. 60,insoluble [in'sɔljubl] adj. 不能解决的；[化学] 不能溶解的；不溶解的/不溶的/不能解决的61,alphabet ['ælfəbit] n. 字母表，字母系统；入门，初步 alphabet: 字母/爱法贝/字母表62,cyclopentyl n. 环戊基 cyclopentyl: 环戊基63,dimethylhexane n. 二甲基己烷 dimethylhexane: 二甲基已烷/二甲基己烷64,polycyclic [,pɔli'saiklik; -'sik-] adj. 【生物学】多轮的；多环的；【化学】多环的65,fused ring [有化] 稠环 fused ring: 稠环66,adjacent [ə'dʒeisənt] adj. 邻近的，毗连的 adjacent: 邻近的/相邻的/毗邻的67,bicyclo bicyclo: 二环/双环68,heptane ['heptein] n. [有化] 庚烷 heptane: 庚烷/正庚烷/庚烷〔萃取溶剂69,decalin ['dekəlin] n. [有化] 十氢化萘；萘烷（等于decahydronaphthalene）十氢化萘/萘烷/十氢萘70,borneol ['bɔ:niɔl] n. [中医][有化] 冰片，[林] 龙脑，茨醇 Borneol: 冰片/龙脑/龙脑莰醇71,bicyclic [bai'saiklik,-'sik-,-kəl] adj. [化学] 二环的；两圈的 bicyclic: 二环的/二轮生的72,adamantane [,ædə'mæntein] n. [有化] 金刚烷 adamantane: 金刚烷73,tricyclic [trai'saiklik,-'sik-] adj. 三环的 tricyclic: 三环的/郁剂74,prismane prismane: 棱柱烷75,tetracyclic [,tetrə'saiklik,-'sik-] adj. [植] 四轮列的；[化学] 四环的；四轮花的: 四环的76,antiviral [,ænti'vaiərəl,,ænti'vairəl] adj. 抗病毒的；抗滤过性病原体的 n77,oral ['ɔ:rəl,'ɔ-] adj. 口头的，口述的 n. 口试 oral: 口的/欧乐B/口腔78,pharmacy ['fɑ:məsi] n. 药房；配药学，药剂学；制药业；一批备用药品 pharmacy: 药房/药剂学/药学79,numerous ['nju:mərəs] adj. 许多的，很多的80,Symmetrel ['simitrəl] n. 【药物、商标】金刚胺 Symmetrel: 金刚烷胺/金刚胺81,Parkinson ['pa:kinsən] n. 帕金森（姓氏）；帕金森（82,rimantadine n. 金刚烷乙胺 Rimantadine: 金刚乙胺/金刚烷乙胺/甲基金刚烷胺83,cyclobutane [saikləu'bju:tein] n. [有化] 环丁烷 cyclobutane: 环丁烷/环丁烯84,Boat conformer Boat conformer: 环己烷构象85,axial ['æksiəl] adj. 轴的；轴向的 axial: 轴向的/同轴的/轴的86,equatorial [,ekwə'tɔ:riəl] adj. 赤道的，近赤道的；中纬线的 n. 赤道仪: 赤道仪/近赤道的/赤道的87,monosubstituted monosubstituted: 一原子置换的88,Diaxial addition Diaxial addition: 双直键加成89,biaxial [bai'æksiəl,-'æksəl] adj. 二轴的90,disubstituted [dai'sʌbstitju:tid] adj. 双取代的；二基取代的 disubstituted: 双取代的91,fused [fju:zd] adj. [物] 熔化的，熔凝的；装有保险丝的 v. 混合；熔解/温度保险丝断保护/熔凝92,bridgehead ['bridʒhed] n. 桥头堡；桥塔 bridgehead: 桥头堡/桥塔93,flip [flip] n. 弹；筋斗 vi. 用指轻弹；蹦跳 adj. 无礼的；轻率的 vt. 掷；翻板/替换/翻转94,dynamics [dai'næmiks] n. 动力学，力学 dynamics: 动力学/动力学系统/力度95,polymeric [,pɔli'mεərik] adj. 聚合的；聚合体的 polymeric: 聚合的/聚合物的/聚合体的96,steric ['sterik,'stiə-] adj. 位的；（原子的）空间（排列）的 steric: 空间的/立体的97,steric repulsion steric repulsion: 立体排斥98,spatial ['speiʃəl] adj. 空间的；存在于空间的；受空间条件限制的99,repulsive [ri'pʌlsiv] adj. 排斥的；击退的；令人厌恶的；冷淡的100,sphere [sfiə] n. 范围；球体 adj. 球体的 vt. 包围；放入球内；使成球形 sphere: 球体/球面/天体101,vacant ['veikənt] adj. 空虚的；空的；空缺的；空闲的；茫然的 Vacant: 无人/空的/空闲的102,two-dimensional [,tu:di'menʃənəl,-dai-] adj. 二维的；缺乏深度的: 两维的/二维的/平面的103,depiction [di'pikʃən] n. 描写，叙述 depiction: 描写/描述/渲染104,striking ['straikiŋ] adj. 显著的，惊人的；打击的；罢工的 v. 打击的/显着的/引人注目的105,plausible ['plɔ:zəble] adj. 貌似可信的，花言巧语的；貌似真实的，貌似有理的106,toluene ['tɔljui:n] n. [有化] 甲苯 TOLUENE: 甲苯/氨基甲苯/常常是指甲油与去除剂的成份107,skeletal ['skelitəl] adj. 骨骼的，像骨骼的；骸骨的；骨瘦如柴的108,distortions n. 畸变，扭曲（distortion的复数） Distortions: 扭曲/失真109,elongation [,i:lɔŋ'ɡeiʃən,i,lɔŋ-] n. 伸长；伸长率；延伸率；延长: 延伸率/伸长度/伸长率。