英语语法综合教程 Chapter 15
综合英语教程第三版第二册Unit15课文
综合英语教程第三版第二册Unit15课文Unit 15 The aging populationThe few hours I spent at the "Wonderful Ageing Club", a small organization hidden away down a side street in Tokyo, were, it has to be said, rather depressing. For I was transformed, rather too quickly I thought, from a relatively healthy 36-year-old to an 80-year-old, and, dressed in the club's "ageing suit", growing old did not seem like a wonderful prospect at all.First, I had to put on restrictive bindings to impede the movements of my main joints. Then a contraption was placed over my ankle and foot, seriously hampering my ability to move my foot independently of the rest of my leg. Similar bindings were then applied to my knees and elbows, and it was with some gratitude that, now unable to move normally, I accepted the kind offer of a walking stick. The ladies of the Wonderful Ageing Club, however, were still far from finished. Assuring me that their suit had been carefully designed on the basis of scientific research into the exact effects of ageing, they next applied a pair of special gloves to my hands to make gripping much more difficult.Thus finished, it took me quite a few minutes before I managed to open a can of Coke —a dexterity test which, I should add, I was only able to begin after I had managed to locate the ring-pull in the first place. My vision had grown rather clouded as a result of my special glasses, which had the effects of cataracts.A number of weights were attached to my body to create the sensation of weakened muscles, and a pair of earplugs muffled my hearing. This completed my imprisonment in a body more than twice my own age. At this point, eager to see as well as feel the effects of all this ageing engineering, I looked into a nearbymirror and found myself staring at what I can only describe as an evil in the Star Wars films.There, however, any similarity with powerful science-fiction heroes, living or dead, abruptly ended. For now I found myself clumsily hobbling my way through such newly difficult tasks as going up and down stairs, sitting down on a chair and then standing up again, or reaching for things on a high shelf. Not to mention wrestling with that can of Coke or struggling, through my cataract-clouded vision, to read a newspaper.But what is the purpose of this ageing suit? The Wonderful Ageing Club claims that it gives a very accurate representation of what being old is really like, and that, when it comes to planning for the future, that experience will be of enormous value. And people are evidently listening: about 8 000 people have tried the suit on so far, and half of them have been from local authorities, manufacturing companies or emergency service providers. They hope to see whether the products or services they offer really do meet the needs of the elderly.Thus, throughout Japan, all kinds of products, from household appliances, to cars, to building designs, right down to the packaging in which goods are sold, are being subjected to an entirely new kind of test: they are being handled by an imitation pensioner dressed up in an ageing suit to see just how practical the products really are. No longer, it seems, is it going to be a young person's world. Not, at any rate, in the Japan of the 21st century.Read more: The Shock of the OldUshi Okushima is the oldest resident of Ogimi, the most elderly community in Japan —the country where the average age is higher than anywhere else in the world. At 108, she stilltakes to the floor for traditional Japanese dances. Afterwards she dabs a little French perfume behind her ears and sips the local firewater. Okushima was born when Japan had only recently seen off the shogun warlords. If an ageing population is on the way, she is not a bad advert for what we have in store.The land of the rising sun has become the land of the setting sun with staggering speed. As recently as 1984, Japan had the youngest population in the developed world, but by 2005 it had become the world's most elderly country. Soon it will become the first country where most people are over 50 years old.This is partly because Japanese people live longest: men can expect to reach 79 and women 86. It is also partly because the Japanese have almost given up having babies: the fertility rate is just 1.2 children per woman, far lower than the 2.1 needed to maintain a steady population. The rest of the world is following Japan's example. In 19 countries, from Singapore to Iceland, people have a life expectancy of about 80 years. Of all the people in human history who ever reached the age of 65, half are alive now. Meanwhile, women around the world have half as many children as their mothers. And if Japan is the model, their daughters may have half as many as they do.Homo sapiens is ageing fast, and the implications of this may overwhelm all other factors shaping the species over the coming decades —with more wrinklies than pimples, more walking frames than bike stabilisers, more slippers and pipes than bootees and buggies, and more grey power than student power. The longevity revolution affects every country, every community and almost every household. It promises to restructure the economy, reshape the family, redefine politics and even rearrange the geopolitical order over the coming century.The revolution has two aspects. First, we are not producing babies like we used to. In just a generation, world fertility has halved to just 2.6 babies per woman. In most of Europe and much of east Asia, fertility is closer to one child per woman than two, way below long-term replacement levels. The notion that the populations of places such as Brazil and India will go on expanding looks misplaced: in fact, they could soon be contracting. Meanwhile, except in a handful of AIDS-ravaged countries in Africa, people are living longer everywhere.This is frightening, even for rich nations. In Germany, France and Japan, there are fewer than two taxpaying workers to support each retired pensioner. In Italy, the figure is already fewer than 1.3. Some predict that the world will face a wave of "ageing recessions".But could there be an upside? I believe so. Flip the coin of ageing and what do we see? In 1965, The Who sang: "Hope I die before I get old." Today, those who survived drugs binges, fast cars, or bad marriages, are older, but often still rocking and making more use of condoms than colostomy bags. Mick Jagger (born 1943) is nobody's idea of a dependant. And Tina Turner took to the stage in London, dancing in heels and a microskirt in her 70th year.Non-celebrities also remain active, assertive and independent as they age. Theyfill library and seminar halls once crammed with callow youths. They run picket lines — or marathons. Far from being a weight round society's neck, many of them look like a new human resource waiting to be tapped. Millions of the middle-class retired continue working at everything from lucrative consultancies to teaching literacy or finally finishing that PhD.They are often more valuable than the young workers the demographers imagine are supporting them: in fact, the growing number of society's most qualified, most experienced individuals is potentially a huge demographic dividend.In future, old people will be expected to stay in the formal economy for longer. The idea of a retirement age was invented by Otto von Bismarck in the 1880s, when as chancellor of Germany he needed a starting age for paying war pensions. He chose the age of 65 because that was typically when ex-soldiers died. But today in developed countries, and soon in poorer ones, women can expect nearly 30 years of retirement, and men 20 years.There is a deal to be done: longer working in return for more, and more powerful, legislation to outlaw the ageism that blights the working lives of many in late middle age. The old will also expect a society that does not marginalize them; they will consider it a right to live in homes, cities and workplaces redesigned to meet their physical requirements.Some worry that an older workforce will be less innovative and adaptable, but there is evidence that companies with a decent proportion of older workers are more productive than those addicted to youth. This is sometimes called the Horndal effect, after a Swedish steel mill where productivity rose by 15 percent as the workforce got older. Age brings experience and wisdom. Think what it could mean when the Edisons and Einsteins of the future, the doctors and technicians, the artists and engineers, have 20 or 30 more years to give us.Of course, many older people do need healthcare, but many others are fit, competent and self-sustaining. Across Europe, typically only one retired person in 20 lives in a care home. In theUK, of 10 million over-65s, just 300,000 live in care homes (that's about 3 percent). So the majority of Europe's elderly resemble Okushima in Japan. They are the councillors and counsellors, the social secretaries and neighbourhood wardens, the carers of other elderly people, and even the political and social campaigners and agitators — the glue that holds busy societies together. Far from impoverishing societies, says John MacInnes, a demographer at the University of Edinburgh, UK, all the evidence is that "mass longevity facilitates affluence".The "silver market" is huge. You have only to watch US network television to see the constant advertising aimed at the elderly, from Viagra and holidays to equipment and leisure wear. Oldies have savings and cash from selling large houses they no longer need. The money is available for purchases and investment — and ultimately for their children.But this is not fundamentally about economics or retirement. It is about society's zeitgeist, its social wellsprings. The cultural historian Theodore Roszak at California State University, East Bay, once took me to task over an article on the threat of ageing societies: "Ageing," he wrote, "is the best thing that has happened in the modern world, a cultural and ethical shift that looks a lot like sanity."At 50, we do not expect to act or feel as we did at 20 — nor at 80 as we did at 50. The same is true of societies. What will it be like to live in societies that are much older than any we have known? We are going to find out, because the ageing of the human race is one of the surest predictions of this century. If the 20th century was the teenage century, the 21st will be the age of the old: it will be pioneered by the ageing baby boomers who a generation ago took the cult of youth to new heights. Withoutthe soaring population and so many young overachievers, the tribal elders will return. More boring maybe, but wiser, surely.The older we are, the less likely we are to be hooked on the latest gizmos and the more we should appreciate things that last. We may even reduce pressure on the world's resources by consuming less, and by conserving our environment more. We must especially hope for that, because unless the boomers can pay reparations for youthful indiscretions with the planet's limits then we may all be doomed.The 20th century did great things. We should be proud that for the first time most children reach adulthood and most adults grow old. But after our exertions, perhaps we need to slow down a bit. Take a breather. Learn to be older, wiser and greener. Doesn't sound so bad, does it?。
英语专业《综合教程》一、二册笔记整理
综合英语第一、二册词汇分类整理第一册：重点单词+一词多义1．Hand in hand:1. 手拉手2. 紧密相连：Theory and practice must go hand in hand.2．Manner: （注意manner的作单复数时不同的意思）mannered 矫揉造作的；矫饰的；不自然的1．[singular]: 方法；方式：in a/the manner 2. （言行的）方式：aggressive manner; 3. 种类：all manner of sth 各种各样的人（或物）；(as) to the manner born自然而然地；in the manner of= in the style of以…风格3. [plural]: 1.礼貌；规矩：good/bad manners; have no manners= behave badly 没有礼貌2．(某个人群的)风俗；习惯；Middle-class manners3．Appreciation/appreciate1.感激；感谢[U] in appreciation of : The award is given in appreciation of her huge contribution to the film business.2.理解；体会；明白There is a growing appreciation of the need for environmental reform3.欣赏；赏识4. 涨价；增值4. Cherish 1.怀念: cherish the memory of those happy times; 2. 关爱；爱护3. 珍爱；珍视：a cherished dream/hope/memory5. Infectious 1.传染性的2. (心情、行动)有感染力的；有影响力的：His enthusiasm was infectious.6．Jolt 1.震动；颠簸：The bus jolted to a stop. 2.使震惊；使惊醒：The alarm jolted me out of a deep sleep.7. Bolt [n] 1.（门或窗的）金属插销2.螺栓a bolt from/out of the blue:大出意外的事；晴天霹雳[v]（用螺栓）把…钉在一起：bolt sth to sth8. Scramble：1. [i] +over/up/down/out of etc 爬；攀登scramble to your feet 匆匆站起身2[i] 争抢；争夺+for/ scramble to do sth 3.炒蛋：Scrambled eggs9. confidence/confident/confidential1.confidence: 1.信心+in2.信任；信赖+in3.信心；把握4.秘密：gain/g et sb’s confidence 赢得某人的信任；in confidence秘密地；私下里2. confident in the knowledge that：确保You can go out, confident in the knowledge that your house is safe.10. skim :[v]1.撇去（液体面上的浮物）+off : Skim the fat off the soup. 2.(使) 在表面上方快速移动In the distance, water skiers skimmed across/over the bay；The children are skimming stone on the lake. 3.浏览；略读+through11. steer :steer sth away from/towards/into/through etc sth 1. 掌舵；驾驶2.引领；引导3.影响；引导He steered the country through a transitional period to elections；steer sb to victory=help someone win 帮助某人取得成功；steer a course:1.遵循：They tried to steer a middle course between overconfidence and undue pessimism. 2.朝着…前进steer a course for…12．Smash: 1.用力打破；打碎2.粉碎，捣毁（组织等）；击败；击溃：The government would take whatever necessary action to smash the rebellion by separatist guerillas. 13．Bond 1.联系；关系+between: The trade agreement strengthened the bond between the two countries. 2.公债；债券a government/Treasury bond; 3.契约；合同4.（郑重的）许诺；保证：my word is my bond 我的话像契约一样可靠；我一定会履行诺言 5.bonds: 枷锁=shackle；束缚物：She longs to escape from the bonds of children and housework.14.affect 1.影响；身体上的伤害；感情上的打动affecting；震动2. 假装；佯装She affected a look of disinterest as she glanced at his newspaper.15.plague~epidemic/pandemic/:1.瘟疫；传染病2. [singular]普遍的祸害: the plague of violence in America today 3. (动物或昆虫)无限制的大量滋长；泛滥：A plague of journalists surrounded around the superstar. [vt]:给…造成长期的灾祸；长期困扰：The children plagued him with questions.16.conformist 1.[adj] 墨守成规的；因循守旧的2.[n]墨守成规的人，因循守旧的人17. distinction 1.差别；不同make/dra w a distinction between… 2.优秀；卓越；杰出：of (great) distinction; He is a writer of high distinction. 3.声誉；特征；特点;Have/hold/gain the distinction of : She holds the distinction of being the first woman editor of the Harvard Law Review.18.distinct 1.不同的；单独的：They were classified into two distinct groups; as distinct from: The Company, as distinct from its shareholders, should be liable for any debts. 2.清晰的；清楚的；明显的：As dawn broke, the outline of a building became distinct against the sky. 3.[usually before noun]确实的；显著的：I had the distinct impression that he did not like me.19.stature 1.身高He will be taller than his father when he reaches his full stature. 2. 名望；威望: Gain/grow/rise in stature20. fragment 1.[n]碎片:fragments of glass 2.[v]（使）破碎；（使）分裂Fragmentation（含抽象意味）;[n]破碎；破裂；分裂~ of the Soviet Union21．Polar 1.极地的2.截然不同的：The novel deals with the polar opposites of the love and hate.22.integrate1.使融入；使打成一片：integrate sb into sth 2.使结合；使成为一体:integrate sth into/with sth 3.使取消种族隔离Integrated:融合的；整体的；综合的；互相协调的~team 2.无种族隔离的Integration 1. 融合；融入：+into 2.种族融合：the ~ of school 3.结合；融合；整合：+of/with/intoIntegrity 1.正直；诚实：maintain/preserve your integrity; question/doubt sb’s integrity; professional/artistic/political integrity 2.完整；完全：defend the new state’s territori al integrity23.spectrum 1.系列；范围；幅度wide/broad spectrum=a large range: The course covers a wide spectrum of musical activity from opera to rock 2. 光谱3. 频率24.capacity 1.能力;：capacity to do/for sth；2.身份in a professional/personal/advisory etc capacity；in your capacity as :I attended in my capacity as chairman of the safety committee.3.容量；容积；容纳力1.The seating capacity of the theater is 5,000. 2.The hall was filled/full to capacity.25.discipline [n]1.纪律；惩罚：Impose discipline/maintain discipline 2.自控能力；自制力：Their attention wandered and they lacked the discipline to learn. 3.训练方法：Studyinga foreign language is a good discipline for mind. 4.（尤指大学的）学科；科目[v]1.惩罚；处罚：The strikers were disciplined by management. 2.discipline yourself:约束自己26.conscious:1.意识到；注意到~ of doing sth/~that 2.神志清醒的；有知觉的3.慎重的；有意的；刻意的~decision/effort 4.特别感兴趣的；关注的：Environmentally-conscious27.refine: 1. 精炼；提纯：refined sugar 2. 改善；改进；使精炼：refine one’s manners28.reflection；1. 映像：He admired his reflection in the mirror. 2. （声、光、热等的）反射3. 反映；显示；表达：The increase in crime is a sad reflection on（=shows sth bad about）our society. 4.沉思；深思；审慎的思考：She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all.29. induce : 1. 劝说；诱使induce sb to do sth 2.引起；导致=cause or produce, result in, bring about, entail : Drugs which induce sleep30. Persist 1. 顽强地坚持；执着地做~ in sth/in doing sth/with sth ; 2.维持；保持；持续；存在：If the pain persists, consult a doctor.31．Vision 1.视力；视野：good/perfect/poor/blurred/normal vision; 2.想象；幻想3. 想象力；眼力；远见卓识=foresight: a leader of foresight Visionary 1.有眼力的；远见卓识的2. 梦幻的；（尤指）宗教异象的；神示的32．Vain≈futile1. 徒劳的；枉然的；in the vain hope/in a vain attempt to do/in vain; 2.自负的；自视过高的: She is too vain to wear glasses.33. Given : 1.[adj]已经安排好的；规定的：They were to meet at a given time and place. Be given to sth/to doing sth: 经常做；习惯于；2.[prep]考虑到；鉴于Given his age, he is remarkably active. Given that: It was surprising the government was re-elected, given that they had raised taxes so much.34. moral [adj]1. 道德的：a moral issue/dilemma/question 2.道义上的；道德上的：moral responsibility/duty 3.品行端正的；有道德的4.能辨别是非的：Children are not naturally moral beings. Take/claim/seize the moral high ground声称自己的论点在道义上占优势[n]1.品行；道德2. 寓言：The moral of the fable is that honesty is always the best policy.35. scarcely [adv]1.几乎不：I can ~ believe what’s hap pened. 2.才；仅仅:We had~ driven a mile when the car broke down. 3.决不；一定不:I can scarcely refuse to help after all he’s done for me.36.conviction 1.定罪；判罪：previous conviction; 2.坚定的信仰；信念；3.深信；确信：lack conviction（缺乏信心）；not carry conviction（没有说服力）37. nest 1.鸟巢2.+of 一套；一组: a nest of table38. off 1.离开；走开：be off/be off to; off/on course 偏离/在正确航线；航向2.从…（顶部或表面）离开：keep/stay off the grass 3.不上课；不工作；休息：be off 4.off and on/on and off 有时；间或；断断续续39．Distant 1. 在远处的：in the not too distant future:在不久的将来；Distant memory 遥远的记忆；the dim and distant past:很久以前；遥远的过去；Keep a respectful distance 敬而远之；2疏远的；不友好的；冷淡的； 3. 恍惚的；心不在焉的；4.远亲的；远房的 a distant relative40.somehow:1.以某种方法：somehow or other:不管怎么样；2.由于某种未知的原因41．Lean 1.清瘦而健康的；2.倚靠：lean against/on sth 3.有（选择或支持某事物的）倾向:lean in the direction of sth; lean on sb 依靠某人；leaning towards对…的倾向；爱好；偏爱42．Extend 1.提供；给予；（向某人）表示（欢迎、感谢、同情）extend sth to sth 2.涉及（范围；延伸（距离）延续（时间）；Rain is expected to extend to all parts of the country. The desert extends for miles.Extension/extent: 1.This kidnapping shows an _extension_ of terrorist activity to innocent children. 2. This kidnapping shows the _extent_ of terrorist activity which has got innocent children involved.43. Identify: 1.indentify sb as sth:1.辨认；确认;2.是…的标志；显示出；2.identify with sb体会（某人）的思想感情；理解并同情（某人）的感受：He didn’t seem to be able to identify with ordinary people and their aspirations. 3.be identified with sb/sth把某人或某物联系在一起4.identify sth with sth 认为…和…一致；将…等同于44.ground [v]1.使飞机停飞；船只搁浅；2. 罚…呆在家里His parents grounded him for two weeks for smoking.3.使决定、想法建立在…之上，基于：be grounded in/on sth [n]4.理由；原因：on the grounds of: She is suing the company on the ground of unfair dismissal.45.sway [v]1.摇动；摇摆2.影响某人；使改变看法：Sway sb into doing sth 3.[n]hold sway :1.（对人们的观点或行为）有巨大的影响力；2.控制某个区域under sb’s sway:在某人的控制或统治下46．Smear：1.（胡乱地）涂，抹：be smeared with sth 2.玷污；诽谤：≈slur/smash/malign47．Facility 1.[通常用复数]（房间、设备等）设施；2.（工具、制度等的）特点：Have the facility to do sth : The software has the facility to produce high-quality graphics displays.3.（用作某种用途的）区，大楼；4.[单数/U]天赋;技能；技巧：He has a facility for languages.[注]：facility作单数时指场所；作复数时指设施。
2024新概念第二册第15课
•课文背景及作者简介•词汇及短语解析•语法结构分析•课文内容详解•阅读理解与写作技巧•练习题及答案解析课文背景及作者简介课文背景介绍01课文内容概述《新概念英语》第二册第15课主要围绕一位著名侦探展开，讲述了他如何运用智慧和技巧解决一起复杂的案件。
02课文风格与特点本文采用叙事手法，通过生动的情节和人物形象展现了侦探工作的特点和魅力，同时融入了丰富的语言知识和语法结构。
03课文在教材中的地位与作用作为《新概念英语》系列教材的重要组成部分，本文旨在提高学生的阅读理解能力、词汇量和语法应用能力，为后续学习打下坚实基础。
作者简介与文学地位作者生平简介01本文作者为英国著名作家阿瑟·柯南·道尔（Arthur Conan Doyle），他是一位享誉世界的侦探小说家和短篇小说家，以创作福尔摩斯系列侦探小说而闻名于世。
文学成就与地位02柯南·道尔的福尔摩斯系列小说被誉为世界侦探小说的经典之作，对后世产生了深远的影响。
他的作品不仅具有高度的文学价值，还为英语语言学习提供了丰富的素材。
其他代表作品03除了福尔摩斯系列小说外，柯南·道尔还创作了众多优秀的短篇小说和历史小说，如《失落的世界》、《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》等。
时代背景与文化内涵时代背景概述本文所描述的故事发生在19世纪末的英国，当时社会治安状况复杂，犯罪率居高不下，侦探行业因此应运而生并迅速发展壮大。
文化内涵与价值观本文通过展现侦探工作的艰辛与危险，传递了正义、智慧和勇气的价值观。
同时，文中还体现了作者对当时社会现实的深刻反思和对人性的深入剖析。
与中国文化的联系与比较虽然中西方文化背景和价值观存在差异，但侦探小说作为一种文学体裁在中西方都受到了广泛的欢迎。
通过比较中西方侦探小说的异同，可以深入了解不同文化背景下的审美趣味和价值取向。
词汇及短语解析重点词汇详解apologize表示向他人道歉，常用搭配为apologize to sb. for sth./doing sth.，例如：I must apologize for thedelay in replying to your letter.（我必须为没有及时回复你的信件而道歉。
Concise English Grammar Unit 15
英语语法English GrammarUnit 15InversionStudy objectives Warm-up activitiesUnit 15InversionSummaryAssignmentStudy objectivesBy the end of this lesson, you should be able to:distinguish between natural order and inverted orderclassify the types of inversiongrasp the usages of inversionWarm-up ActivityLet’s enjoy aflash movie.Task 1 DiscussionFind out all the sentences with inverted order in this flash movie:1. How is the weather like? How do you know?It is very hot. The woman says “Isn’t it hot today!”2. What are there in the refrigerator?There are two ice-creams in the refrigerator.3. What does the man say when the woman says she must lose her weight?Many times have I heard this.Task 1 Discussion4. When does she think she can eat ice-creams?Only (when) I am as slim as she can I eat ice-creams.5. What does the man say when he sees the beautiful woman on the TV?1) Very rarely have I seen such a strikingly beautiful woman.2) Were she my wife, I would not let her wear so little.Period 1Inversion概述英语句型的两种语序自然语序NaturalOrder主语+ 谓语倒装语序InvertedOrder（谓语+主语）全部倒装(Full Inversion)：整个谓语放在主语前面。
当代商务英语综合教程2 Unit 15 An Unforgettable Christmas
Pre-class Task 1
Pre-class Task 1 Read the text once for the main idea(s). Do not refer to the notes, the glossary or dictionaries.
4
Text A An Unforgettable Christmas
12
Text A An Unforgettable Christmas
Passage
17 Peggy had proudly set our kitchen table for our evening meal and put
pans out and three cans of food which would be our dinner. For some reason, when I looked at those pans and cans, I felt brokenhearted. We would have only hamburgers for our Christmas dinner tomorrow.
umbrella to protect myself. Then I searched a telephone book for the name
on the umbrella and found it. I called and a lady answered.
6
Yes, she said in surprise, that was her umbrella, which her parents, now
12 The air was full of the sound of Christmas merriment as I walked from
高中英语 语法精讲(Unit 15 The necklace)大纲人教版第一册
语法精讲Modal Verbs(3)情态动词—must,can/could,may/might1.must,can/c ould,may/might都可用来表示猜想。
对现在和未来的事进行猜想时，后接动词原形；对已经发生的事进行猜想时，后接have done;对正在进行的事进行猜想时，后接be doing。
must表示“一定〞“肯定〞，只能用于肯定句，否认句用can’t(不可能)。
could,may,might 表示“可能〞。
It must be the naughty boy crying outside.肯定是那个淘气的孩子在外面大叫。
I didn’t see you in class yesterday.You must have been absent.我昨天上课没见着你，你肯定没来。
He can’t be over seventy.他不可能有七十多岁。
Where could/can the boy be now?那孩子现在能在哪儿呢？I may be busy from tomorrow on.从明天起我可能会忙起来。
The story could/may/might be true.这个故事可能是真的。
2.can/could1)can/could还可表示“能力〞，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。
We can use the computer now,but we couldn’t 10 years ago.我们现在会使用电脑，但10年前我们不会。
2〕can/co uld还可表示“许可〞或征求对方的许可。
could可代替can,表示语气较为委婉，但答复时不用could；用may表示“许可〞比拟正式。
He said I coul d use his bike.他说我能使用他的自行车。
—May/Could/Can I go now?我现在可以走吗？—Yes,you c an/may.是的，你可以走。
英语语法大全 第15课 语法总结
Lesson 15 Grammar 语法总结一.词类(Parts of Speech)❖名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词boy, clock, book等❖冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。
例词 a (an), the❖代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词we, that, his, what❖形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征例词old, red,fine,good.❖数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。
例词one，thirteen，first ❖动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。
例词sit, go, be (am, is, are)❖副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
例词not too, here, very❖介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。
例词in, on, of, to,under.❖连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。
例词and, or, but.❖感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。
例词oh, hello,hi,er.二. 名词(Nouns)1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。
专有名词:表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。
Lucy，China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。
❖专有名词的第一个字母要大写。
普通名词:表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。
例如:teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革❖普通名词又可进一步分为四类1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。
综合英语一上册第十五课lessonfifteen
综合英语一上册第十五课lessonfifteenLesson FifteenUnreality of TvUnreality 不真实(性)Reality 现实Violence 暴力Present 显示,展现;描述Show 节目,表演Television show 电视节目Show 上演(戏剧等),放映(电影等)Park 停放(车子等)Very 真正地,完全地Back 使倒退,使后退;倒退,后退Available 可得到的,可利用的,现成的Block 街区,建筑群Distorted 被歪曲的,被曲解的Doorman 门卫Screen 荧屏,屏幕Nonsense 胡说八道,废话;无意义的话或行为Rain-swept 大雨滂沱的Gangster 匪徒,歹徒Kid (口语)小孩;年轻人Bandage 用绷带包扎Defend 为……辩护Defendant 被告Innocent 无罪的,无辜的Plead (法律)辩解Guilty 有罪的,内疚的D.A. 地方检察官Harm 损害,伤害Harmful 有害的Advertisement 广告Mouthwash 漱口剂,洗口药Mate 伴侣Useful ExpressionsNot….but.. 不是……,而是Not only … but (also) 不但……而且Cite an example 引用一个例子,举例On the first try 第一次尝试Think of 考虑,想想,想到,想起Grow up 长大,成长Get into trouble 陷入困境,招惹麻烦Keep up with 赶上,跟上Be innocent of 没犯……罪Make a deal (with) 做交易,达成协议Cannot afford sth./ to do 没有足够的(钱,时间)做……Do harm/good to 对……有害(或益)Lead sb. (on) to do 影响某人使其做某事Advertisements often lead people (on) to buy things they don’t need.Had better (do) 应该做某事;最好做某事You’d better go and see a doctor right now.You’d better not tell him about it.What …is /looks like ……是何物,……是什么样子My grandfather never knew what a violin looked likeTell me what your home village is like.Pay…down/ pay down 付押金;付定金;即刻支付They can buy the car by paying 10% down and the rest within two years.Translate1)他第一次尝试就成功了He succeeded on the very first try.2)我非常想念你,时常想起你I miss you very much and always think of you.3)你若在违反法律,你会惹出大麻烦的.If you break the law again, you will get into trouble.4)在国外,他们每天读报来跟上国内形势.5)大家都认为他没有犯谋杀罪.Everyone thought that he was innocent of the murder.6)这两家公司在经过长时间的讨论后达成了协议.Having discussed for a long time, the two companies madea deal.7)在那个村庄现在还有人买不起电视机.In that village, there are still s ome people who can’t afford to buy TV sets.8)躺在床上看书对你的眼睛是有害的.Reading on the bed will do harm of your eyes.9)你最好举出一个例子来证明你的观点.You had better cite a example to prove your viewpoint.10)一个国家的问题往往对全球产生巨大的影响.A problem in one country usually leads to a great effect on the world.11)那年他不仅给家乡修建了一所学校,.That year he not only built a school for his hometown, but also to the people of a flooded area.12)消费者常常受误导,结果买的东西往往超过所需.Consumers are often misled to buy things they don’t need.21)我们都叫他弗兰克.All of us call him Frank2)他证明自己是一个好司机.He has proved himself a good driver.3)学生们认为他是一个好老师.The students consider ed him a good teacher.Questions on the text1)What study did Dr. Applebaum complete recently?Recently he completed a study on the effects of television on children.2)According to him what is the greatest danger of television?The greatest danger of television is that it presents a world to children that doesn’t exist, and leads them to expect things that never happen.3)What was the first example he gave to show that TV presented a distorte d picture of theworld?The first example is that we have never seen a television show where a person in a car doesn’t immediately find a parking place on the very first try.4)It is easy to get a taxi driver in real life, isn’t it? What about the situation on the screen?No, it isn’t.Whenever a person walks out of a restaurant or office building and says to the doorman, ‘get me a taxi’ the taxi immediately arrives.5)Have you ever told a taxi driver to follow a car? Do a lot of people do so? What do we find onthe screen?No, I haven’tNo, they don’tOn TV every taxi driver looks as if he had nothing better to do than to drive 90 miles an hour through rain_swept street trying to keep up with a carful of gangsters.6)What picture do children get about emergency wards on TV?Kids have a false sense of what emergency wards of hospitals are really like. On TV it shows they take a kid to an emergency ward and four doctors come rushing down to bandage his leg. There always happens to be a hospital bed available when a kid needs it.7)What lies does TV tell about lawyers? What is the situation like in real life?On the screen the lawyer spends day and night looking for evidence to prove the person is innocent.In real life th e lawyer would stay he can’t afford to find that time out.8)Which is doing more harm to children according to Dr. Applebaum, the violence on the screenor the unreality?9)Advertisements give a distorted picture of the real world, too, don’t they? Can you give anexample?Yes, they do.Children are led to believe that when they grow up if they use a certain mouthwash they’ll find the mate of their dreams.10)Do our TV programs have the same problem?No, sometimes they are different.11)In what way are they different from American TVprogrammes?Educational programs for children are different, for they are instructive.12)Do you think TV is doing more harm than good or more good than harm to children?I think it is doing more good than harm.。
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选择倒装（用于强调）
方位、时间副词引起倒装： Here comes miss world. Then appeared the ghost. Long live the king. 否定强调 Never will I do the same again. Hardly had I got on the bus when it started. Not only did I major in English, but also in foreign trade. Not until last year had she found her other half.
选择倒装（用于强调）
Only的句首强调 Only on Saturday does the swimming pool open. Only through diligence can we achieve higher.
So/such在句首引起倒装 So furious was the man that he charged at his rival directly. Such a good result has he achieved that we are all proud of him.
必需倒装
“as”引导让步状语从句： A foreigner as she is, she can speak Cantanese without an accent. 但“though”引导让步状语从句可倒可不到： Let us have a try, unlikly though it seems. Let us have a try, though it seems unlikly. 没有“if”的虚拟条件句 Had you worked harder, you would have entered a better university. Were I you, I wouldn’t let such a chance go. Should you study hard now, you would have a better future.
Chapter 15
Inversion 倒装
倒装概念
倒装是指正常的词序发生倒置，如： A man came here.(正常的词序) Here came a man. (发生倒装) 倒装分两大类： 1. 必需倒置（语法要求） 2. 选择倒置（一般用于强调）
必需倒置
一般疑问句的要求 Are you a new student? Hasn’t he told you about it? 特殊疑问句的要求 What were you saying just now? “There be”句型的要求 There is a bed, a wardrob, a TV and an air-conditioner in the room. 还有一类： ---Jack has had a girlfriend. ---So have I ---I don’t know what to do next. ---Nor/neither do I.
Practice
将划线部分写成倒装。 昨天同学们都去看龙舟了，我也去了。（so） 大多数同学都还没过四级，她也没有。 （nor/neither） 尽管约翰很老了，他仍在酒店做招待。（as） 假如你是他，你会怎么做？（were） 假如生命无限，生活会更美好吗？（should） infinite 假如你再努力那么一点，或许就通过了考试。 （had）
将下列句子变成倒装。
My birthday comes finally. Practice You will find the best teachers in this kindergarten. The sick and the wounded lay in beds. I have never seen such a nice landscape. We no longer live in that dirty city. She had not known her love-boy until they were together in that party. We managed to have our work done only yesterday. You can achieve it only by working hard. She talked gently with me. She danced gracefull on the stage.
Practice
写句子，须含倒装。 直到28岁，他才完成他的大学教育。（not until） 只有通过实践才能获得真知。（only ） 主人如此生气，以至于他把那只狗从窗户扔了出去。（so） 警察不仅没在赌场找到他，也没在其他地方找到他。 （not only）
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ