五种基本句型和句子的主要成分

英语五种基本句型
一 S+V (主语+不及物动词） 1.We study hard. 2. Mother is working in the garden.
二 S + V + O (主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语）
1.I like him\ it.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ代词充当宾语
2. To do it requires money. 名词充当宾语
8. I didn’t notice him come in. 省略to 的动词有： 一感觉：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三 使役：have, make, let 四看见：notice, see , watch, observe.
I saw him come into the room. I saw him coming into the room.
1.My father gave me the money. My father gave the money to me. 2. My sister bought me the gift. My sister bought the gift for me. 3. I passed him the book.
I pass the book to him.
常见的接双宾语的词有： give, send, pass, tell, show, offer, bring, lend, 当把直接宾语放在间接宾语前面时， 中间用to隔开。 He told the news to me.
2. buy, make, cook, draw,当把直接宾语放 在间接宾语前面时，中间用for隔开。
3. He stopped talking. V-ing充当宾语
3. Doing it needs patience.
4. Mother wants to have a rest. 不定式
5. She said that she wanted to have a
rest.
宾语从句
6. He finds it easy to learn math.
What she has said didn’t mean that she wanted to hurt you.
三 S + V + P （主语+系动词\ be+ 表语） 1.I am honest. 2. His sister becomes a teacher. 3. The food goes bad. 4. The man is out of work. 5. The boy grows stronger. 6. The girl is in the building.
The food tastes delicious.
The work remains to be done.
She remains working in the school.
The shop remains closed.
四 S+ V + I O +D O ( 主语+谓语+间接宾语+ 直接宾语）
一个常用句型： there be 句型 There is a big tree.\ There are many trees. There used to be a building here. There seemed to be a match. There exists a farm. There stands a temple. There lives an old man in the church.
表语：表语（predicative)是用来说明主语 的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词。名 词、形容词、代词、副词短语、介词短语、 句子等可以充当表语。
定语：定语(attributive)是对名词或代词起修 饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常 用‘……的’表示。代词、形容词，介词短 语、句子等可以充当定语。
He made the cake for me.
五 S+ V+ O +OC (主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补 足语） 1.I find the job difficult. 2. His words made me angry. 3. We elected him monitor. 4. I found the door closed. 5. I feel him to be honest. 6. She let him in. 7. I heard the child crying for a long time.
7. The problem is that we have not enough time.
What I want to know is when we can go back home.
常见的系动词：
go\ grow\ stay\ feel\ look\ sound\ taste\ keep\remain
状语：状语(adverbial)是句子的重要修饰成 分，它附加在谓语中心语的前面，从情况、 时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否 定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心语进行修 饰或限制。英语状语修饰动词、形容词、副 词等的句子成分。副词、形容词、介词短语， 句子等可以充当状语。
宾语补足语：Object complement ，补充说 明宾语的情况。形容词、名词、V-ing, p.p, to do, 介词等可以充当宾补。
英语句子中的基本成分
主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、 宾语补足语
主语: 主语(subject)是指句子动作的发出者 或执行者；名词、代词、数词、V-ing, to do， 句子 等可以充当主语
谓语：正常语序下跟在主语的后面，准确来 说，谓语是动词，也就是主语所执行的动作 。
宾语：行为或动作的接受者就是宾语 （object）；名词、代词、数词、V-ing, to do，句子 等可以充当宾语