East Asian Models of Development - Welcome to Asia
亚运会对广州经济发展的影响和对策
亚运会对广州经济发展的影响和对策方达儿(广州市体育局,广东广州 510610)摘 要:主办权就是发展权,影响力就是生产力。
广州获得2010年亚运会主办权,将给广州经济发展带来新的机遇。
运用产业经济学原理,阐述了亚运产业是广州未来6年最具影响力、具有龙头作用和地位的先导产业,预测了亚运会对广州市G DP 的贡献率,分析了其对广州经济发展的正面影响和负面影响,并提出了搞好亚运产业开发,推进广州经济全面提速的若干对策。
关键词:亚运会;广州;亚运产业;经济发展;对策中图分类号:G 80205 文献标识码:A 文章编号:10002520X (2005)0920001204Influences of Asian G ames on development ofG uangdong economy and countermeasuresFAN G Da 2er(Guangzhou S ports Bureau ,Guangzhou 510610,China )Abstract :The right of hosting the Asian G ames is the right of development.Influences are productiveforces.The hosting of 2010Asian G ames will bring Guangzhou new opportunities of development.This paper predicts the most influential industries in the future six years and analyzes the influences of the Asian G ames on the G DP of Guangzhou.It also points out the possible negative influences of the Asian G ames and relative countermeasures.K ey w ords :Asian G ames ;G aungzhou ;Asian G ames industry ;economic development ;countermeasure1 亚运产业是主导型、先导型产业复旦大学经济管理研究所苏东水同志在他主编的《产业经济学》一书中[1],在阐述产业分类时,按照“战略关联分类法”,将产业分为主导产业、先导产业、支柱产业、重点产业、先行产业等。
新加坡的“现代中国研究”之路
社会观察新加坡的“现代中国研究”之路新加坡国立大学东亚研究所的使命是要开展与中国相关的学术与政策研究，以及研究中国与周边东亚国家的关系。
从某种意义上讲，这个当代中国研究机构已经经历了两次蜕变，从哲学所到政治经济所，最后到东亚研究所。
黄朝翰济研究所在1997年解散，并被随即成立的东亚研究所（East Asian Institute，简称EAI或东亚所），一个隶属于新加坡国立大学的独立研究机构所取代。
作为大学研究体系的一部分，东亚研究所的主要使命已经从早期的“观察中国”发展成为观察并研究中国。
在新加坡中国问题研究机构的转型的背后，有一个最关键人物。
他就是李光耀的“左右手”，曾先后主管过财政、教育和国防部的新加坡首任副总理吴庆瑞。
吴在担任教育部长时是新加坡儒教复兴运动的推动者，同时兼任东亚哲学所的主席。
当时的哲学所正是儒教复兴运动的主要智囊机构。
吴庆瑞在1984年退出政坛不久，即成为当时在谷牧副总理领导下的中国国务院特区办公室的特聘外国顾问。
他在中国的事业使他对中国经济改革和发展发生了兴趣，也使他看到了在新加坡设立中国问题研究基地的需要。
1990年，黄朝翰被吴庆瑞任命为东亚哲学所所长，随后又担任东亚政治经济所所长。
1997年，东亚政治经济所更名为东亚研究所，王赓武成为新机构的所长，而黄朝翰则转任研究主任。
目前，中国出生的郑永年在杨大利短暂任期之后，已经继承了所长的位置。
郑永年于1996年加入东亚政治经济研究所，是第一位加盟该所的政治学博士（普林斯顿，1995）。
黄朝翰在东亚政治经济所伊始的首要任务就是要把该所从一个专门研究中国古代哲学的机构打造成一个研究当代中国，尤其是关注中国政治变化和经济改革的研究基地。
换句话说，新的研究所将致力于“中国问题研究”。
在最初的两年“中国问题研究”几乎都是在披着“儒家研究”的外衣的情况下进行着。
这里面有充分的政治考量。
“中国问题研究”事实上完全是研究“中共”的发展，而“共产主义”在当时的新加坡还是非常敏感的话题，在新加坡周边的东南亚各国，更是禁忌话题。
我眼中的亚运英文演讲作文
我眼中的亚运英文演讲作文Ladies and gentlemen, 。
Today, I stand before you to share my thoughts on the Asian Games. This grand event, held every four years, brings together athletes from across Asia to compete in various sports. It is a moment of unity, diversity, and celebration.As I watch the athletes compete, I am filled with awe and admiration for their dedication and skill. They have trained relentlessly, pushing their bodies to the limit. Their passion and determination are truly inspiring. The Asian Games provide a platform for these athletes to showcase their talents and represent their countries with pride.The Asian Games also serve as a symbol of unity among nations. Despite our differences in culture, language, and beliefs, we come together to celebrate the spirit ofsportsmanship. It is a reminder that we are all part of a global community, connected by our love for sports. The Asian Games foster a sense of camaraderie and friendship among athletes, coaches, and spectators alike.Moreover, the Asian Games promote cultural exchange and understanding. As athletes from different countries gather, they bring with them their unique traditions, customs, and values. Through interactions and conversations, they learn from one another, breaking down barriers and fostering mutual respect. The Asian Games become a melting pot of cultures, where diversity is celebrated and embraced.Beyond the sports arena, the Asian Games leave alasting legacy. The host cities undergo significant transformations, with new infrastructure, improved facilities, and enhanced transportation systems. These developments benefit not only the athletes and spectators during the games but also the local communities long after the event is over. The Asian Games serve as a catalyst for urban development and economic growth.In conclusion, the Asian Games represent much more than just a sporting event. They embody the spirit of unity, diversity, and celebration. They bring together athletes from different backgrounds, foster cultural exchange, and leave a lasting legacy. Let us continue to support and cherish the Asian Games, as they inspire us and remind us of the power of sports to unite us all. Thank you.。
Japan and the Four Little Dragons
modernity?
“Asian Values”
To begin with, Confucianism while possessing a core set of values has been practiced in different ways throughout East Asia. The core values include: “a strong emphasis on education, orderliness, achieved through tightly structured social relations based on the family model; and perseverance and diligence in undertaking matters involving one‟s work, family, or social obligations.” [106, Tai] Adherence to this Confucian ethic is thought to produce a member of society that is hardworking, responsible, skillful, ambitious (within understood limits) and creative in helping the group, be it family, the community or company. Confucian societies have their varieties.
East Asian Values
The East Asian Community and “East Asian Values”Kim, YongdeokNortheast Asian History Foundation, Korea I.Today’s world would be characterized by the ‘information-oriented’, ‘globalized’, and ‘post-ideological’ society. With rapid development of information technology, information is dispersed to various places around the world in real time. People, goods, and money are crossing borders and being exchanged on a global level. After the end of the Cold War, the pervading ideology at the time had lost its prominence, instead giving rise to cultural multipolarization in numerous places. Under these circumstances, interdependence among countries increased, which inevitably resulted in changes to preexisting politics, culture, and society.An ultimate goal would be for all nations to break down their walls and bring about a peaceful coexistence. However, the reality is that walls between nations will not disappear, and the reasons that keep these walls in place remain valid. Under these circumstances, the most desirable goal to adopt at present would be to form a regional community based on economic interests and cultural commonality. I believe that East Asia is a suitable candidate for such a community.Discussions on an East Asian community, therefore, have been held so far. The raison d’être of a nation may be absolute, comprising of deference for the welfare and human rights of its citizens. Yet, at the same time, I believe that the extent of human migration and expansion of cultures that characterize the conditions of the world today render the formation of a cross-border commonality and a regional culture duly expected and feasible.Historically, East Asia was able to sustain common relations among countries throughout different stages. During the pre-modern era, East Asian countries maintained ties by intellectual exchanges basically through Confucian thought, Mahayana Buddhism, and Chinese characters. Further, during the pre-modern era, the East Asia had kept tributary systems centered on China, which served as a framework for international relations. A powerful China that sought ties with nearby nations had ledthe tributary system as a kind of international relations, and it preserved a peaceful coexistence between nations.In the process of East Asia’s incorporation into a world system centered on modern Europe, some nations of East Asia were unable to keep their independence and autonomy. Yet, Japan, following the Western powers, progressed within East Asia as an imperial power and occupied a position of prominence politically and economically since near the end of the 19th century. Japan promulgated a “Great East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere,” a bloc of East Asian nations, but Japan eventually lost influence after its defeat in 1945. Thereafter, East Asia saw the rise of the U.S. and Soviet powers, which both played significant roles as wirepullers in the region. Conflicts in East Asia continued until the late 1970s.With the collapse of the Communist bloc, the opening of China, and the end of the Cold War, East Asia from 1970s onwards was again able to experience rapid change and progress. Currently, the East Asian region, mainly Korea, China, and Japan, maintains foreign currency reserves exceeding US$2.6 trillion. The region accounts for a quarter of the world’s output and a third of the world’s commerce, a clear indicator of East Asia’s economic prowess. Among the East Asian nations, economic interdependence has also sharply increased. In 1986, intra-regional exports within East Asia accounted for 26% of total exports, but rose to 46% in 2006. The volume of trade within the region rose 12-fold. These numbers may seem insignificant in comparison to European Union’s 68% share of intra-regional trade. However, considering the fact that East Asia has not reached a community like the EU, these figures clearly demonstrate that economic interdependence in East Asia is rapidly strengthening.Further, in addition to progress in market competition, East Asia is currently experiencing democratization. The latter half of the 1980s attests to political changes in Korea, China, and Vietnam. Culturally, Korean wave, Japanese Wave and Chinese Wave are naturally flowing in this region. In view of the development within the region, it appears that the formation of a regional community will be likely.However, East Asia is at the same time home to the world’s hottest rivalries. We see rivalries among China, Japan, the US, Russia, and two Koreas. East Asia is a region that is home to competition for rapid military growth and even for nuclear development. Further, each East Asian country possesses, to some level, deep feelings of victimization. While Japan depends greatly on the US, we can see that it is also unable to cast off its feelings of victimization. Similarly, we see that China feels historically victimized by Western nations and Japan; Korea, in turn, feels victimized by Japan; and Vietnam feelsvictimized by China.In addition, the countries in this region are unable to entirely escape from their historical sources of conflict. As it is well-known, for a long period of time throughout history, Korea, China, Japan and Vietnam have largely preserved their current territorial borders, which allowed them to maintain political and cultural independence. As a result, these countries possess strong cultural identity and historical pride, making it difficult to readily mold one common denominator among the countries.Building an East Asian community followed the European community model is not an easy task. One reason that we cannot form something similar to the European Union is that each country possesses clear cultural identity and historical pride. Throughout their history, many European countries underwent a process of separation between the monarchy and the people, as well as frequent changes of territorial borders. Thus, with the exception of a select few nations, we can see that cultural identity and historical pride is not as strong in Europe as it is in East Asia. Another difference between the two regions arises from the fact that there is no sole power that exercises influence in the European community. In the case of East Asia, China overpowers other nations in the region in terms of population and land. It is therefore, understandable why East Asian countries cannot realistically form a community modeled upon the European community.Despite these reasons, strong demands are being made for East Asia to overcome the feelings of victimization and historical conflicts to produce a common identity and achieve common gains. I believe that these aims will be able to deter the fierce competition between nations and the historical and cultural points of conflict. The nations of East Asia must first focus on developing a complex network to secure community, and must seek ways to implement regional peace and coexistence by mitigating its narrow-minded nationalism.Some argue that an East Asian identity will naturally arise during the process of forming an East Asian community. Even so, we must actively search from the region’s history and traditions a variety of elements that would work as the basis of an East Asian identity. Then, to form an East Asian community, it would be premised that the community-to-be must be based on tolerance through affirmation and acceptance of the differences within the region, as well as on readiness to seek a future community.Beyond the geographical proximity factor, the East Asian community will have to find relative cultural commonality, ideological universality within the world order,and a balanced approach to dispute resolution. A desirable East Asian community would be formed not as a means to exert influence in other regions, but as a path toward achieving both long-term national gain and universal values. Accordingly, each nation must assume an open mindset toward accepting and preserving nation-state and identities of national culture.II.Is common ideology and values truly inherent to East Asia? The term, “Asian Values” has been frequently espoused as an alternative to Western values. The term has sometimes defined a logic used to explain the rapid economic development in East Asia from the 1970s, following the fall of communism and the consequent skepticism of Western value systems. Using ex post facto logic, the term refers to the belief that East Asia possesses particular cultural values that enable the recent economic development.In pre-modern times, Confucian thought was central to East Asian Values, and it played a significant role in the formation of a binding ideology within the region. After the push from the Western Powers, however, partly due to the effort to maintain this ideology by implementing with the slogan of ‘Eastern spirits and Western techniques’, countries in the region tried to resist Western pressures that came with the opening of ports. While there was a desire for Asian Values to remain as the basis for handling Western practices, East Asia fell under the influence of imperial power and the West’s modern concept of development predominated. The ideology that had bound the East Asian region had disappeared.In truth, “Asian Values” (we may also refer to it as “East Asian Values”) is a vague concept. Further, it was developed from a logic that arose from a specific viewpoint. The concept of East Asian Values may hold some explanatory force from an early economic standpoint. It was believed that the region achieved rapid economic growth due to traditions inherent to East Asian society, such as strong leadership, self-restraint, zeal for education, family-oriented relationships, cooperation and diligence for the organization. However, as Asia faced an economic crisis in the latter half of the 1990s, the concept lost explanatory power. Further, the crisis began to reveal nepotism, lack of transparency in business operations, close ties between politics and business, corruption, and favoritism, which were seen as problems inherent to East Asian culture. Thus, East Asian Values were denounced as the cause of dysfunction that led to theeconomic crisis.Politically, the Asian authoritarian logic—that individual freedom and human rights may be forfeited for national development—was viewed as inherent to the region’s cultural value system. East Asia saw excessive individualism, dissolution of the family, and moral decay as negative elements arising from Western democracy, and denounced them as unfit for Asia’s cultural tradition. It cannot be denied, however, that the so-called “Asian Values” was both a logic that Western researchers used to explain Asia’s uniqueness, as well as an ideological tool used by authoritarian rulers to justify their power.Confucian thought, which forms the core of these East Asian values, may not have established modern democracy, but it has the potential to incorporate the West’s modern notions of growth in order to form a more desirable ideological system. In viewof the separation of the state and the market, we often say that modern relations have been maintained by exclusive autonomy. Yet, it is more desirable for the state to act as a mediator, producing a harmonious autonomy and dependence in all aspects of life. Such mediated interdependence can be found in the Confucian concept of “realizing a harmonious world.”The modern capitalist order uses human desire as the source of development. Namely, the development of capitalism arises from the human desire to consume, whichin turn leads to the more production. However, such logic has ultimately led to a larger income gap between the rich and poor, as well as environmental destruction. To break this vicious link, human desire must be restrained. In this regard, I believe that the East Asian concepts of self-restraint and self-cultivation demonstrate the appropriate path toward ameliorating today’s world.Such a path for a more desirable future society—that is, rather than focusing on efficiency and authority, a governance centered more on ethics and balance, the capacity to make a harmonious relationships between the state and the market, the virtueof self-restraint and consciousness of the social responsibility, and the function of reconciliation amidst the conflicts and hostilities—will form the basis of an East Asian Value system and at the same time overcome the limits of capitalism. East Asian Values, which originate basically from Confucian thought, do not pertain to something simply “old.” We cannot ignore the dangers that will arise from restoring East Asian Values to simply refer to a system of the pre-modern era; it would affirm an irrational social system and rationalize authoritarianism. Rather, East Asian Values should refer to the traditions that offer some alternatives in overcoming the ills of modern society, anduniversalistic norms that offer a seemly path for life.III.You may question whether it would be realistic to implement an ideal tradition within East Asia today. East Asia is home to a cultural tradition that has been formed through a long history of active communication amongst intellectuals. Thus it holds an advantage over other regions in establishing a shared value system. Further, as already mentioned, East Asia is today the hub of lively economic activity and cultural exchange. Aware of the limits of Western development, East Asia is expected to form a new culture.We will undoubtedly face difficulties if we wish to establish a community only by seeking the commonalities within a short period of time. Yet if we start with the condition—that of embracing the diversity of countries and cultures within the region—it will be feasible to reach a community. East Asian Values may be the basis that ties the East Asian community, but it must also assume a universalism that is understood by other regions as well. I believe that, ultimately, we will be able to demonstrate the strength through the so-called ‘soft power’ when these Asian Values meet the needs of the times and show universalism that transcends regional boundaries.。
东方美学英文
东方美学英文East Asian AestheticsAesthetics play an essential role in the culturalheritage and artistic expressions of East Asian countries, namely China, Japan, and Korea. This unique and longstanding tradition of East Asian aesthetics explores beauty through various art forms, including painting, calligraphy, architecture, and gardening. With a focus on harmony, balance, nature, and simplicity, East Asian aesthetics offer adistinctive and captivating perspective.One of the fundamental principles in East Asianaesthetics is the concept of harmony. This concept extends beyond the realm of music to encompass all aspects of life.In traditional East Asian arts, harmony is achieved through balanced compositions, both visually and conceptually. This principle is evident in traditional Chinese landscape paintings, where the placement of the elements creates a harmonious and balanced scene. Similarly, Japanese gardensare meticulously designed to achieve harmony between man and nature. The calmness and tranquility of these spaces aim to bring inner peace to those who visit them.Another key element in East Asian aesthetics is the appreciation of natural beauty. Artists and scholars greatly emphasize the connection between humans and the natural world. For instance, traditional Chinese ink paintings often depict landscapes, birds, flowers, and other elements of nature. The beauty of asymmetry is admired in Japanese pottery and flower arrangements, as it reflects the organic and irregularpatterns found in nature. The appreciation of natural beautyin East Asian aesthetics reminds us of the importance of preserving and respecting our environment.Simplicity and minimalism are also strongly valued in East Asian aesthetics. The concept of "less is more" is central to many art forms, from the Zen-inspired rock gardens in Japan to the elegant simplicity of Korean ceramics. By removing unnecessary elements, East Asian artists highlight the essential characteristics and beauty of the subject matter. This minimalist approach not only creates a sense of calm and serenity but also allows viewers to focus on the inherent beauty of the artwork.The influence of East Asian aesthetics extends beyond the visual arts. It permeates various aspects of daily life and is deeply ingrained in the architectural traditions of the region. Traditional East Asian architecture often features clean lines, natural materials, and open spaces. The use of wood, stone, and bamboo reflects the connection with nature. The layout of the buildings and their relationship to the surrounding environment demonstrate a mindful approach to design, which prioritizes the integration of human habitats with the natural world.In conclusion, East Asian aesthetics is a rich and multifaceted tradition that values harmony, natural beauty, and minimalism. Its influence can be seen in various art forms, architecture, and even in the way of life in East Asian countries. By celebrating the tranquility andsimplicity found in nature, East Asian aesthetics provide a unique perspective on beauty that continues to inspireartists and viewers alike.。
构建以合作共赢为核心的东亚伙伴关系
构建以合作共赢为核心的东亚伙伴关系作者：刘振民来源：《China International Studies》2015年第01期Over the past 70 years since the end of World War II， one of the leading trends in global geopolitics has been the rising role of the Asia-Pacific region. East Asia became the third pillar of the global economy together with Europe and North America.In the past decades， the East Asia region has been moving from conflict to peace， from confrontation to cooperation and from poverty to prosperity though some legacy left over from the Cold War still remains. Looking around the world， East Asia is a region of hope and serves as an important driver for global growth.The rise of East Asia is part of a larger story of rejuvenation of Asia. Japan， the Republic of Korea， China， Southeast Asian countries have been rising as a group. They took an active part in globalization and achieved common development. This has contributed to greater democratization of international relations， more even balance of power and stronger foundation for peace and stability in the region.East Asian countries have found a path of development that suits them well and provides a solid basis for tackling challenges.East Asia has remained an open and inclusive region， where regional cooperation and economic integration is moving forward. ASEAN will set up the very first sub-regional community in Asia this year. And vibrant multilateral frameworks such as ASEAN+1， ASEAN + China， Japan and the ROK， China-Japan-ROK cooperation and the EAS have brought the region closer together.Furthermore， East Asian countries successfully fostered a model of cooperation that calls for mutual respect， consensus building， win-win， and accommodating the comfort level of all parties. These principles are gained through efforts to maintain friendly relations and properly manage differences. They also provide valuable experience for sustaining the prosperity and stability of the Asia-Pacific region.Compared with Europe， East Asia is defined by its diversity in political systems， religions，culture， historical traditions and level of development. As we see from the East Asian experience，those who share the same vision and values are partners; those who seek common ground while shelving differences can also be partners. At the Bandung Conference six decades ago， Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai proposed that Asian nations seek common ground while shelving differences and pursue peaceful coexistence. This principle has served Asia well in the past 60 years.In my humble view， the key to continued prosperity and stability of East Asia lies in embracing the spirit of cooperation for win-win results.First， political equality is the basis for win-win cooperation. Countries， big or small， rich or poor， all have the right to choose their own model of development. No country should impose its own model on others.Major countries should perceive each other’s strategic intentions in a rational way. China has been working with the US to build a new model of major-country relationship based on no-conflict，no-confrontation， mutual respect and win-win cooperation. Both sides are committed to strengthening cooperation in the Asia-Pacific. The China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination has shown a strong momentum. This relationship is based on non-alignment， and not targetting any third party. China is ready to further develop its strategic relationship of mutual benefit with Japan on the basis of the four political documents between the two sides.Medium and small countries should not have to take sides， nor should major countries seek to establish spheres of influence. Regional affairs should be handled through equal consultations. They can no longer be dominated by any one country or bloc of countries.Second， economic integration is the foundation for win-win cooperation. ASEAN and China，Japan and ROK formulated a vision for an East Asia Economic Community by 2020. The RCEP and the China-Japan-Korea FTA negotiations will go a long way to fulfilling this vision.East Asia regional cooperation， as part of Asia-Pacific cooperation， is a good complement to APEC. Asia-Pacific countries should embrace open regionalism and align their development across the Pacific. TPP and RCEP can be pursued in a coordinated way. They both contribute to the building of an Asia-Pacific FTA. Countries should also promote connectivity of infrastructure， policy-making and of people， to weave a strong network of connectivity in the Asia-Pacific region.China proposed the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st century Maritime Silk Road initiatives and setting up of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank to promote regional economic integration. These initiatives are open and inclusive， and follow international rules and norms. They will be implemented through consultation， sharing and joint undertaking with interested partners. Existing regional frameworks will be utilized as much as possible.Third， common security provides a major safeguard for win-win cooperation. In the 21st century， we should no longer work on the premise of a zero-sum game between the East and the West. Our security is all tied together. Common， comprehensive， cooperative and sustainable security should be pursued. From the so-called Arab Spring to the “Color Revolutions” in Central Asia to the crisis in Ukraine， there should be some deep reflection by the countries concerned. Similar occurrences should not happen in East Asia.This year marks the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II. Historical perception will be a major issue that bears on the future of the Asia-Pacific. History is never to be denied， still less falsified. Only by facing up to history can one look to the future. Germany has set a shining example in this regard. Any departure from the road of peaceful development will bring disastrous outcomes. The relevant countries should learn from this example and not let the historical issue be a strategic burden in the Asia-Pacific.In contrast to Europe， it would be difficult for the Asia Pacific to put in place a unified security system in the near future. Europe’s experience can be a useful reference but not transplanted in the building of a security architecture for the Asia Pacific region.The Asia-Pacific is home to a range of multilateral security frameworks， such as the ASEAN-led forums， Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Six Party Talks. These frameworks generally follow the principles of common and cooperative security， and are inclusive. Their influence has been growing. They represent the direction of regional security cooperation.East Asia faces territorial and maritime disputes， which bear on the fundamental interests and national feelings of relevant countries. The most effective way to address these disputes is consultations or negotiations by countries directly concerned on the basis of respecting international law and historical facts. Outside intervention will only complicate the situation. Countries should maintain dialogue and effectively manage disputes， so that small incidents will not affect the bigger region.In East Asia there are also bilateral military alliances. Security cooperation and economic integration in the region should reinforce each other. It is our hope that these alliances will advance with the times， and cooperate more with multilateral security frameworks， to jointly contribute to building a security architecture that meets the needs of all sides.The nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula is key to peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula and in Northeast Asia. Parties concerned should show sincerity， and take a more flexible andpragmatic approach to restart the Six-Party Talks as early as possible. China supports a nuclear-free Peninsula， peace and stability on the Peninsula， and peaceful resolution through dialogue and consultation.The most real security risk for East Asia actually comes from non-traditional fields. We need to work together to fight natural disasters， terrorism， transnational crimes and challenges from cyber space. Closer cooperation in these areas will help lay the foundation for a security architecture in the region.As a major country， China is fully aware that its peace and development is closely tied to that of the Asia Pacific region. We are ready to work with countries in the region to forge an East Asia partnership of win-win cooperation and together build an Asia-Pacific of lasting prosperity and stability.。
东亚会作文四年级四百字
East Asian Games: An Insight from a Fourth-Grade StudentThe East Asian Games, also known as the East Asian Championships, is a regional multi-sport event held among the countries of East Asia. As a fourth-grade student, I find the Games fascinating and exciting.The East Asian Games bring together athletes from China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, and other participating countries to compete in various sports. Watching these athletes showcase their talents and dedication is truly inspiring. It makes me realize the hard work and perseverance required to excel in sports.Moreover, the Games promote unity and friendship among the participating countries. It is a platform for cultural exchange and understanding, allowing people from different countries to come together and appreciate the beauty of diversity.As a student, I also learn a lot from the Games. I learn about teamwork, discipline, and the importance of staying healthy. The Games also teach me the value of hard work and dedication, as the athletes put in无数hours of training to achieve their goals.In conclusion, the East Asian Games is not just a sports event; it is a celebration of unity, friendship, and cultural exchange. As a fourth-grade student, I am proud to be a part of this exciting and enriching experience.东亚运动会，也被称为东亚锦标赛，是东亚地区的一项区域性多项体育赛事。
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• Trade between ASEAN countries and the Plus 3 countries increased exponentially. • The Chiang Mai initiative has been promoted in ASEAN+3 financial cooperation and has become a model for the world in the area of Regional Financial Arrangements. • During the GFC in 2010 the agreement to establish Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization (CMIM) has been finalized (from $76 billion to $120 billion). • The ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic and Research Office (AMRO) established early 2011 replaced the ASEAN+3 Economic Review and Policy Dialogue. • ASEAN attends G20 meeting as observer.
The 8th Asia Economic Forum
ASEAN After 45 Years: A Review of Achievements & Challenges
Hang Chuon Naron 17th March 2012
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I- Achievements
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Successful regional organization in the developing world
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ASEAN is at the center of the region
• From a hot spot, ASEAN has been transformed into a center of sustained economic growth at a faster pace; • The Asian financial crisis has been the watershed for ASEAN. • The Plus Three Countries: China, Japan and Korea understand that if ASEAN in economic trouble, they will also be in trouble. • At the initiative of ROK President Kim Dae-jung an East Asian Vision Group was formed in 1999 to propose measures to foster regional integration. • ASEAN+3 cooperation has moved forward very quickly.
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III. What does it means by Achieving the AEC by 2015?
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AEC’s objectives by 2015
• It will establish ASEAN as a single market and production base, specifically by strengthening and developing the ASEAN Free Trade Area. • Realizing a single market and production base; • Creation of a highly competitive economic region; • Ensuring equitable economic development process; and • Promoting ASEAN integration to the rest of the world.
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The lack of a dispute settlement mechanism
• Dispute not related to interpretation and implementation of the Charter: 1976 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation: High Council (Representatives of Parties at Ministerial level); consensus decision; the ASEAN Secretariat is in charge of implementation of recommendations. • Dispute related to the implementation of the Charter: The 2010 Protocol to the ASEAN Charter on Dispute Settlement Mechanism: consultation, good offices, mediation, conciliation and arbitrage. • Derogatory regime: recourse to Article 33 of the UN Charter.
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II. The Challenges
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Issues facing ASEAN
• Strategies and action plans are always ahead of institutions; • Lack of prioritization: there are many initiatives unfunded; • Remain a elitist organization for the Leaders and Officials: the Charter strives to promote ASEAN as a people-centered organization; • Private sector: institutional weakness, the private sector is less involved in ASEAN integration, which has been pushed forward by the ASEAN governments. • Financing : The main problem is to finance ASEAN projects: dependence on dialogue partners, the Plus 3.
• ASEAN represents a market of almost 600 million people uniting 10 Southeast Asian nations. • Transformed from a light, anti-communist organization in 1967 to a more or less institutionalized body under the ASEAN Charter; • After the end of the cold war, ASEAN was able to fill the void left by the confrontation between the East and the West to promote open regionalism: Defense Ministers’ Meeting Plus Plus, ARF (27 members). • Since 1992 the Leaders’ Meeting took place every 3 years, annual meeting since 1995 and bi-annual meeting since 2009 (before that only AMM).
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From gradual institutionalization to proliferation of organs
• In 1976, the AEM has started to meet and the ASEAN Secretariat was established; • In 1985 there were more than 25 commissions, 70 committees and groups of experts. Now there are hundreds of commissions and committees; • The problem of ASEAN now is to coordinate between different committees. • The 3 pillars: political-security, economic and sociocultural are designed to address the coordination problem, yet this remain an issue.
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Contradiction: Free Flow vs. AFTA
• The AEC Blueprint: Single market and Production base viz. free flow of goods, services and investment, and freer flow of capital and skilled labor within the AEC. • a) Free flow of goods: Free flow of goods is central to the establishment of a single market and production base. The achievement of this condition will eliminate trade and non trade barriers in intra-ASEAN transactions i.e there will be no restrictions on imports and exports within the region. • b) Free flow of services: Free flow of trade in services will require that there will be no restriction on ASEAN services suppliers in providing services and in establishing service providing companies across national borders within the region, subject to domestic regulations.