第十五章 Sports Nutrition for Young People
《营养学》第十五章 食物中的生物活性成分
植物化学物抗癌作用的另一可能机制是调节细胞生长(增生)， 如莱姆树中的单萜类可减少内源性细胞生长促进物质的形成，从 而阻止对细胞增生的异常调节作用。
(二)抗氧化作用
癌症和心血管疾病的发病机制与反应性氧分子及自由基的存 在有关。人体对这些活性物质的保护系统包括抗氧化酶系统(SOD、 GSH-Px等)、内源性抗氧化物(尿酸、谷胱甘肽、α-硫辛酸、辅酶 Q10等)及具有抗氧化活性的必需营养素(维生素E和维生素C等)。现 已发现植物化学物，如类胡萝卜素、多酚、植物雌激素、蛋白酶 抑制剂和硫化物等也具有明显的抗氧化作用。
⑴Phytochemicals: nonnutrient compounds in plantderived foods that have biological activity in the body(p 8 in Nutrition concepts and conroversies). ⑵Phytochemicals: biologically active, naturally existing substances in plants that act as natural defense systems in plants and show potential for reducing risk for cancer and cardiovascular disease(p 303 in Food, Nutrition, &Diet Therapy).
存在于植物中，可结合到哺乳动物体内雌激素受体上并能发挥 类似于内源性雌激素作用的成分。异黄酮(isoflavones)和木聚素 从化学结构上讲均是多酚类物质，但也属于植物雌激素。虽然植物 雌激素所显示出的作用只占人体雌激素作用的0.1％，但在尿中植 物雌激素的含量可比内源性雌激素高10～1000倍。依照机体内源性 雌激素数量和含量的不同，植物雌激素可发挥雌激素和抗雌激素两 种作用。
新概念15课课文
新概念15课课文Lesson 15: The Sporting SpiritThere seems to be a great misunderstanding on the partof the public with regard to the sporting spirit. Some people define it as a fierce desire to win which inspires athletes to compete for personal glory. These people forget, however, that a true sportsman will not only win but will win fairly. He will not take an unfair advantage of his opponent but will compete on equal terms. In the Olympic Games, for example, where the motto is ‘not to win but to take part’, athletes are not expected to sacrifice the virtues of sportsmanship for the sake of winning.The sporting spirit basically means respect for the opponent. To play well and to win honorably is the spiritof the game. A player should not aim to hurt his opponentor to destroy the latter’s chances of winning by unfair means. Both should compete fairly so that the better man wins. Any deliberate attempt to inflict injury is not only against the rules but is contrary to the spirit of the game.Another element of the sporting spirit is tolerance. A true sportsman will always be tolerant of others, whether they win or lose. He will not lose his temper or become abusive when his opponent does better than he does. He willaccept defeat gracefully and will not gloat over victory. The true sportsman plays for the sake of the game itself. For him, sport is not a battle but a means of self-expression.Winning and losing are both part of the game. A true sportsman realizes that every defeat is a challenge. He tries to learn from his defeats and better himself. Thus, the sporting spirit is essentially a spirit of humility. It recognizes that defeat is not necessarily a sign of weakness but an opportunity for progress.In the final analysis, it can be said that the sporting spirit is a way of life. It embodies the belief that the game must be played fairly and that the opponent must be respected. It demands self-control, tolerance, and generosity. A true sportsman is not only a winner but a gentleman as well.。
module5 A life in sport 课文
A Life in SportThey called him the prince ofgymnasts. When he retired at the age of26, he had won 106 gold medals in majorcompetitions across the world. Theyincluded six out of seven gold medals atthe 1982 World Championship, and threeat the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles (aswell as two silver and a bronze). Li Ning was the best. When sports journalists met in 1999 to make a list of the greatest sportsmen and sportswomen of the twentieth century, Li Ning's name was on it, together with footballer Peléand boxer Muhammad Ali. But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed. He was disappointed because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics.But it was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life. A year after his retirement, Li Ning began a new career —as a businessman. But he didn't forget his sporting background. He decided to launch a new brand of sportswear, competing with global giants like Nike and Adidas. He made the unusual choice, for a Chinese person, of choosing his own name as the brand mark. The bright red logo is made up of the first two pinyin letters of Li Ning's name, L and N.Li Ning's sports clothes came onto the market at just the right time. The number of young people with money to spendwas on the increase— and sport had never been so popular. Li Ning's designs were attractive, and they had a major advantage over their better-known rivals — they were cheaper.A pair of Nike trainers, for example, could cost up to five times as much as a similar Li Ning product. Success for Li Ning was guaranteed, and it came quickly.In just a few years, Li Ning won more than fifty percent of the national market. Today a Li Ning product is purchased every ten seconds. But the clothes are not only worn on the athletics track or the football pitch. If you go into a school or university anywhere, the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo. The company has also grown internationally. The Spanish and French gymnastics teams wear Li Ning clothes, while Italian designers are employed by the company to create new styles. Whenever Chinese athletes step out onto the track during the 2008 Olympics, they will be wearing Li Ning tracksuits.But Li Ning's goal when he retired was not to make money. His dream was to open a school for gymnasts. He was able to do this in 1991. Since then, he has continued to help young people to achieve their sporting ambitions. Like Pelé and Muhammad Ali before him, who have worked with the United Nations for children's rights and peace, Li Ning has discovered that the work of a great sportsman does not finish when he retires from the sport. It starts. And if you are a great sportsperson, anything is possible, as Li Ning's advertising slogan says.。
2023版新教材高考英语一轮总复习Unit2单元主题训练新人教版选择性必修第三册(含答案)
新教材高考英语一轮总复习：UNIT 2 单元主题训练Ⅰ.阅读理解When you think of boxing, you may picture greats like former world heavyweight boxing champions Rocky Marciano and Jersey Joe Walcott. But boxing isn't just a sport anymore. It's also a popular way to stay fit, through a version known as fitness boxing, which has adapted the movements of the sport into exercise routines.Unlike traditional boxing that requires someone else for practice, fitness boxing involves throwing punches (重拳击打) at the air or at a punching bag, usually in a class. There are two main types of these exercise classes. In one, you follow a leader and do a series of boxing moves to music, similar to an aerobics (有氧运动) class. The moves include a combination of large, sweeping punches; smaller punches; and short, quick steps forward and back. The other type of exercise class involves strength training, stretching, and hitting a punching bag.“This kind of boxing has many health benefits, because it constantly requires you to think and change your position，” says physical therapist Linda Arslanian. Though there's no proof that fitness boxing is superior to any other types of exercise, it does strengthen bones and muscles, burn more calories, improve balance and even lift your mood.However, fitness_boxing_may_not_be_right_up_your_street. “I'd say you'd have to be very careful if you have hand problems. In that case, you should consider shadow boxing only, and make sure your hands don't make contact with a target，” says Arslanian. With any activity that is potentially aerobic, you should check with your physician before starting.“If you're interested in trying this exercise to change up your routine, you'll likely find classes at health clubs or community centres. And if you do start a class, remember to take it slowly. Also, it's not about high intensity.It's about consistency，” she adds.语篇解读：文章主要介绍了健身拳击的类型、好处及注意事项。
encouraging young people to take up physical
encouraging young people to take up physical
鼓励年轻人参与体育锻炼对于他们的身体健康和心理健康都有
很大的益处。
在现代社会中，年轻人的日常生活往往被电子设备和社交媒体所占据，他们缺乏运动和户外活动的机会。
因此，我们需要采取措施来鼓励年轻人参与体育锻炼。
首先，学校应该提供更多的体育活动和运动场地。
学校可以组织各种各样的运动比赛和体育课程，使学生可以选择自己最感兴趣的运动项目。
此外，学校应该提供安全、舒适的运动场地，以便学生可以随时随地参与体育锻炼。
其次，政府和社会组织可以提供更多的体育活动和资源。
政府可以投资建设更多的运动场馆和公共健身房，提供免费或低廉的运动设施和服务。
社会组织可以组织各种各样的体育活动，如马拉松比赛、登山活动等，以吸引年轻人参与体育锻炼。
最后，家长和社交圈也可以发挥积极作用。
家长可以鼓励孩子参与体育活动，为他们提供必要的支持和资源。
此外，朋友和同学之间可以相互激励，一起参加运动活动，共同享受运动带来的快乐和健康。
总之，鼓励年轻人参与体育锻炼是非常重要的。
我们需要提供更多的运动场地和资源，同时家长和社会各界也应该发挥积极作用，为年轻人提供必要的支持和激励。
只有这样，才能让年轻人更加热爱运动，远离疾病，拥有更加健康的生活。
- 1 -。
临床营养学教学大纲
4
[目的要求] 1．了解：原发性高血压、高脂血症、冠心病、脑卒中流行病学 2．熟悉：原发性高血压、高脂血症、冠心病、脑卒病因及发病机理、
临床表现、实验室检查及诊断。
3．掌握：原发性高血压、高脂血症、冠心病、脑卒的营养治疗和预
防。
[目的要求]
1．熟悉：病因和发病机理 2．痛风有关的营养问题；痛风的营养治疗
第十三章 遗传性疾病
[教学内容]
家族性低磷酸盐血症、糖原贮积（累积）病、脂质贮积性疾病（脂 肪沉积症）、Menke’s 病、肝豆状核变性、苯丙酮尿症病因和发病机理、 临床表现、营养治疗
[目的要求]
1．了解：遗传性疾病发病机理；临床表现；营养治疗。 2．熟悉：肝豆状核变性病因、苯丙酮尿症营养治疗。
[教学内容]
一、食物过敏 定义；原因；风险因素；分类与临床表现；诊断；食物过敏的防治
二、食物不耐受 定义；流行病学；分类、病因和临床表现；诊断；营养治疗。
见营养缺乏病的诊断、营养缺乏病的预防和治疗。 二、蛋白质-能量营养不良
流行病学、发病原因和易感人群、生化和代谢的改变、临 床表现和分型、人体蛋白质和能量营养不良的评价、 治疗原则
2
和预防 [目的要求]
1．了解：蛋白质-能量营养不良的流行病学。 2．熟悉：营养缺乏病的分类、营养缺乏的原因、营养缺乏病的发生过 程；蛋白质-能量营养不良的发病原因、易感人群，生理、生化和代谢的 改变，临床表现和分型；人体蛋白质和能量营养不良的评价。
3．掌握：常见营养缺乏病的诊断、营养缺乏病的预防和治疗；蛋白质能量营养不良的病因，诊断和防治。
第三章 肠内与肠外营养支持治疗
[教学内容] 一、营养支持治疗的概念 1．营养支持治疗的概念 2．营养支持治疗的途径：肠内营养，肠外营养 二、肠内营养 1．肠内营养的发展史简介 2．肠内营养的适应症和禁忌症 3．肠内营养膳食的分类：完全膳食，不完全膳食，特殊疾病适用型膳 食配方？ 4．肠内营养供给途径和方法：经口摄入，胃内管饲，肠内管饲。 5．肠内营养的并发症及其防治：机械性并发症，胃肠道并发症，代谢 性并发症。 6．肠内营养的监测 三、肠外营养 1．概述 2．肠外营养的适应症：外科病人，非外科病人，其他各种疾病病人。 3．肠外营养制剂：糖类制剂，脂肪制剂，氨基酸制剂，维生素制剂， 无机盐与微量元素制剂，即用型多腔袋静脉营养制剂。 4．肠外营养的并发症及其防治：感染性、代谢性和机械性并发症，低 磷血症，肝胆系统异常。 5．肠外营养的实施及其监测：肠外营养的实施，肠外营养的监测。 [目的要求] 1．了解：肠内外营养的发展史 2．熟悉：营养支持治疗的概念，肠内外营养制剂，营养支持治疗的途 径，肠内肠外营养应用过程中的监测， 3．掌握：肠内肠外营养的适应症和禁忌症，肠内肠外营养供给途径和 方法，肠内肠外营养并发症的防治。
财政学考试重点
财政学考试重点：第一章：中文P4 ：财政学定义、帕累托最优、英文p2 ：public finance？财政思想(public finance and ideology)、organic ：政府有机论P4 ：机械论（医疗保险等）中文p9 政府规模英文P7 ：the size of Government （政府应该重建信誉）P11 ：图的异同中文p 11 英文P10 ：支出expenditures 收入renenues第二章：中文p36 ：效率英文p35 ：帕累托最优、帕累托改进、4E理论P48 ：有益物品merit goods中文p65 、英文p65Should airport security be produced publicly or privately?基层安检应由公共生产还是私人生产BOT（built、operate、transfer）第五章：中文p70 ：外部性英文p71 ：首句when man is happy, he is harmony with himself and his environment.中文p80 、英文p82 ：外部性的内部化taxes （税收、补贴）产权中文p83 、英文p85 ：PUBLIC RESPONSES TO EXTERNALITIES :emissions fees and cap and trade programs 排污费和总量控制与交易制度（要引导社会向善……）中文p86 、英文p88 Congestion Pricing （拥挤定价）、用价格去影响一个人的行为中文p97 ：谁受益谁承担英文p99 ：Who benefit？第六章：中文p115 、英文p118 ：政治经济学、public employees英文p119 ：adequate margin（适当限度）第三句latitude and power（回旋余力和权力）However……第3段institutional memory （制度存储器）（解读政策才能执行正确）中文p131 、英文p135 ：IS EDUCATION A PUBLIC GOOD中文p139 、英文p144 ：NEW DIRECTIONS ……中文p133 、英文p137 ：IS the EDUCATION MARKET inequitable？政府干预教育能否取得成果？中P141：学校绩效责任制英P146 ：School Accountability第八章：中文p152 、英文p158 ：社会贴现率、Social discount rate中文p156 、英文p163 ：the value of time / life中文P174 保险的作用英文p180 ：the role of insurance第十章：中文p197、英文p207 ：图sources 收支中文p205 ：医疗保险成本控制英文p215 ：cost control under medicare中文p211 、英文p222：health care reform 改革（趋势、经验）个人托管：individual mandateSingle payer第十一章：中文P220 社会保障制度结构英文p232 ：STRUCTURE OF SOCIAL SECURITY中文P227 信托基金英文P240 : Social Security Trust Fund中文P232 退休效应遗赠效应英文P245 ：Retirement Effect Bequest Effect 中文233 退休决策P247 ：Retirement Decisions第十二章：标题、名言p244能否给穷人提供像样的生活条件，是对文明社会的真正考验。
高中英语 Module 5 The Great Sports Personality Section
Module 5 The Great Sports Personality昔日的体操王子，今日的商界巨子，李宁的成就举世瞩目，他让我们明白了“Anything is possible(一切皆有可能)。
〞Li Ning is a famous Chinese gymnast and entrepreneur.He was born in a Zhuang family on September 8,1963 in Liuzhou，Guangxi.Li Ning is the most famous gymnast in China.In 1982，he won six gold medals at the Sixth World Cup Gymnastic petition，earning him the title“Prince of gymnastics〞．He won 6 medals at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics，including 3 gold medals,2 silver medals，and a bronze medal.Li was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2000，being the first Chinese in it.Li Ning retired from sporting petition in 1988，and in 1990 he founded the Li-Ning pany Limited.He remains chairman of the pany's board of directors.The Li-Ning pany Limited sells footwear and sporting clothes in China.It is our favorite sport brand now.Li gained his Bachelor of Laws and MBFdegrees from PekingUniversity in 1998 and 2000.At the 2008 Summer Olympics Li Ning lit the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony.This is a sacred mission.Just like“Anything is possible〞，Li Ning makes all kinds of wonders because he holds a belief that where there is a will，there is a way.All of us are proud of him.We can learn a lot from him.Do all the good we can，by all the means we can，in all the ways we can，in all the places we can，at all the times we can，to allthe people we can，as long as we can.[阅读障碍词]1．entrepreneur n．企业家2．title n．称号3．induct v．使……就职4．board of directors 董事会5．Sacred adj.神圣的[诱思导读] 阅读短文，并判断正(T)误(F)1．Li Ning once earned the title “Prince of gymnastics〞．(T)2．Li Ning gained his Master of Laws and MBF degrees from PekingUniversity.(F) 3．Li Ning's motto is “Anything is possible〞．(F)Ⅰ.匹配以下单词的词性及汉语意思( )1.track A．n.符号( )2.retire B．n.优势；长处( )3.perform C．n.跑道( )4.advantage D．vi.退休( )5.guarantee E．vi.表现( )6.purchase F．vt.保证( )7.specific G．vt.购买( )8.symbol H．adj.具体的；特定的[答案]1－4 CDEB 5－8 FGHAⅡ.选择以下句中相应词组的汉语意思A．也，和，不仅……而且……B．列……清单C．与……竞争D．由……组成E．正在增加F．比……有优势2．This club is made up of more than 200 members.3．Before I go shopping，I make a list of the things I must buy.4．She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.5．Several panies are peting with each other for the contract.6．Nowadays，the number of people doing fitness training is on the increase.[答案]1－6 FDBACEA Life in SportThey called him the prince of gymnasts.When he retired at the age of 26，he had won 106 gold medals in major petitions across the world.They included six out of seven gold medals at the 1982 World Championship，and three at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles( as well as two silver and a bronze)．Li Ning was the best.When sports journalists met in 1999 to make a list of the greatest sportsmen and sportswomen of the twentieth century，Li Ning's name was on it，together with footballer Pele and boxer Muhammad Ali.But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport①，Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed②.He was disappointed because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics.体育人生人们称他为体操王子。
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4.6 Water
Content： 60 %; Free & Bound water ：
Dehydrated: > 2-3 %，thirsty ， > 5-10 %, poor sport level > 20 %，being death ， Drinking： 200ml, 30min before activity ： 100ml in the middle time Suitable amount after activity
For Young People
Professor Dr. Jin BQ Dept. of Food Science & Nutrition NJNU
Introduction
Peoples divided into tow crowds A Residents B Athletes Sport means activity increasing For ours health
Especially after sports Supporting enough energy to brain and heart
4.4 Lipids
Sutable level in diet: 25-30％/DRIs ％
Causes 高脂肪食物胃停留时间长 脂肪转换成能量所时间长 脂肪分解代谢为不完全氧化 乙酰乙酸、 羟丁酸 羟丁酸、 β氧化-酮体: 乙酰乙酸、 β-羟丁酸、丙酮 Poor sport level
Balance High level of CH2O Color, flavor 5 meals or more
5 Dietary direction
5.1 Breakfast: Exchange for each other as follows
5.1.1 CH2O: rice/wheat---5.1.2 Milk /soya-milk---5.1.3 Fruits 5.1.4 Meat/egg /fish/chicken--5.1.5 Vegetables----
In recent 20 years
Decrease of health quality continuousely Evaluating indexes for normal peoples Results: Residents in countryside better than those in city Students healthis for our attention more
1 Property
Activity increase with more exhausting Up to limited level in athletes
2 N Requirement
2.1 Energy: 18.4MJ/d CP:EE: CH2O = 1:1:4 2.2 Protein: 1.5-2.5g/kgBW 2.3 Mineral
CH2O ：Directly supply energy Fat Less utilization than CH2O about 10-20% Protein being acid meterials
3 Dietary guidline for sport
-High Level of CH2O -Low level of fat -Suitable level protein -Enough water drinking -Suitable dietary amount -Familiar foods -Good sanitation
Run in longer distance
100ml before 2hs one by one 100ml before 10-15min 100ml in the middle, 10-15min/once 500ml after one hausted：Nutrients lost much (Vit. Mine) ： More acids in the body More water lost from sweat Supplying：Keeping the balance of water ： minerials acid/alkali Vit., CH2O & E
4.8 Vitamins
Vit.E：10~15IU/d ： rich in various foods as ----
Vit.C：Enough ： 200~300mg/once drinker berfor 30min
Vit.Bcom：Supplying B1、 B2 et al ：
Ration Principle
Attentions for drinking
1.5-2.0 L/d Drinking water before feeling thirsty Cool water is easier to be absorbed than hot W Cool water can low body temperatuer
5.2 Snack
5.2.1 Apple + bread or biscuit 5.2.2 Milk/soya milk /water/juice
5.3 Lunch & supper Principle as Breakfast
6 Schedule
a. Before sport 4hs: Large b. Before sport 3hs: Middle c. Before sport 2hs: Less d. Before sport 1h: Litter
NaCl: 30~40g/d K: 1.5g/d Adjusting athletes’ temperature for heat-resistant K+ richer in orange, tomato, watermelon et al Ca：1000~2000mg/d ： Acids (lactose, urine) produced in the body to be salt Intake less NaCl Fe：20~25mg/d ： RBC/Hb-O & CO2 Zn & Se：Suiltable amount ： Taking part in metabolism as assistant Effect increasing
4.5 Protein
E/prot： >15%/DRIs， ： ， 1.5-2.5g/kg BW 50% from better prot. Less prot.: Body prot. Exhausted Body status not keeping Over prot.: More acid meterials in body Muscle be tired easily Poor sport level
4 Sport nutrition
eg Students in the university/college
4.1 GE: 3000 - 6000kcal/d 4.2 Ratio of Energy: Carb:Prot:Fat = 4：1：1
4.3 Important of CH2O
CH2O in Dietary Menu is very important 55-60%, 9-10g/kg BW such as cereals, fruits and vegetables CH2O be divided into ：Keeping blood glucose level