浅析过去分词作定语和表语

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过去分词作定语和表语

过去分词作定语和表语

过去分词作定语和表语The final revision was on November 23, 2020过去分词作定语和表语一、过去分词作定语★及物动词的过去分词作定语时,一般表被动的和完成的动作;而不及物动词的过去分词作定语时,只表示完成的动作。

如:Joe always has milk and fried egg for breakfast.How much does the finished product costThe path is covered by fallen leaves.My new neighbour is a seventy-three-year-old retired teacher from?Florida.★单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前;过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词之后,其作用相当于一个定语从句。

如:You can use fresh or frozen fish.What is the language spoken in that country = What is the language that is spoken in that countryThe play put on by the teachers was a big success. = The play that had been put on by the teachers was a big success.注意:★如果被修饰的词是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的复合代词时,即使是单个的过去分词作定语,也要放在被修饰词之后。

如:There isn't anything left in that desk.★过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,前后用逗号隔开。

如:Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, have never seen a train. = Some of them, who were born and brought up in rural villages, have never seen a train. 【拓展】done, to be done和being done作定语的区别:它们都可作定语,表示被动意义,但时间含义上有所不同。

何韦(语法)过去分词作定语和表语

何韦(语法)过去分词作定语和表语

e.g.:How I regretted the hours
wasted in the woods!
e.g.: I like this kind of
wcleoathri.ng
clothes
made
of
e.g.:The books written by Mo Yan are popular.
e.hg.u:ndWreed’sllogfoyteoarvsisaitgtoh.e bridge built
She looked w_o_rr_ied.
IHaemw—ainstl_e—or_sets—itnedthinouthghetb. ook. The door remained l_oc_k_ed_.
• •
TThheeystgoortym—isa—erxrcieitdinfigv.eYyoeuaarsreage_xo_c. it_ed
一个受伤的手指 an injured finger 一枚破损的硬币 a broken coin 一支点燃的蜡烛 a lighted candle
注意:过去分词作定语时,有时只有 被动意义。
e.g. : spoken English英语口语
written exercises 书面练习
少数表示位移或状态改变的 不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义
• We were __b_o_r_e_d_(bore) at the football V-ginagm作e. 表语修饰物,翻译为“令人感到---”
V-ed 作表语修饰人,翻译为“感到---”P(17)

1. As we joined the big crowd , I got _____ from my friends

过去分词作定语、表语考点透析

过去分词作定语、表语考点透析

——The key ________ the problem is to meet the demand ________ by the customers.
A. to solving; making
B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making
D. to solve; made
The window is broken. (状态)
The window was broken by Tom. (动作)
实战演练:
1. The water in this glass is too hot. I prefer some cold ________ water.
A. having written B. to be written
C. being written D. written
10. ——How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
A. pleasing B. please
C. pleased D. to please
7. Prices of daily goods _______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. published
B. was published
C. having publi. The great hall was crowded with many people, ________ many children ________ on their parents’ laps.

过去分词作定语和表语

过去分词作定语和表语
同时,还需要注意主谓一致问题,确保主语和谓语在数和人称上保持一致。
如果遇到复杂的句子结构,可以先简化句子,找出主干部分,再逐步添加 其他成分。
THANKS
表示状态、性质或特征描述
状态描述
过去分词可以表示主语所处的 状态,如“The window is
broken.”(窗户破了。)中 的“broken”表示窗户的状态。
性质描述
过去分词可以描述主语的性质, 如“She is interested in
music.”(她对音乐感兴趣。) 中的“interested”表示她的 性质。
01
观察句子结构,确定过去分词 短语在句中的作用,是作为定 语还是表语。
02
如果是定语,需要判断其与所 修饰名词之间的关系,主动关 系用现在分词,被动关系用过 去分词。
03
如果是表语,需要注意与主语 的逻辑关系,以及时态和语态 的一致性。
技巧二:注意时态、语态和主谓一致问题
在使用过去分词作定语或表语时,需要注意句子的时态和语态,确保过去 分词的形式与句子的时态和语态相符。
在使用过去分词时,需要结合具体的语境进行判断。通过分析上下文语境和逻辑关系,可以更准 确地理解句子的意思并选择合适的表达方式。
06
实战演练与技巧分享
练习题:识别并改正错误使用过去分词现象
错题1
The book, written by a famous writer, are very popular.
05
常见误区及注意事项
混淆现在分词与过去分词形式
要点一
误将现在分词用作定语
现在分词具有主动意义,表示动作正在进行或与谓语动作 同时发生,而过去分词则表示被动或完成意义。因此,在 需要表示被动或完成意义时,应使用过去分词而非现在分 词。

过去分词做定语和表语

过去分词做定语和表语
变成定语从句步骤:1.添加关系代词 2.把过去分词变成谓语动词
He didn’t turn up at the meeting which/that was held yesterday
定语从句变成过去分词作后置定语步骤: 1. 去掉关系代词 2.只保留过去分词
3.现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
The boby wearing the yellow clothes is brother.
Have you noticed the surprised expression on his face?
过去分词作定语表示被修饰的人或相关人的自身感受
What came to us was surprising news.
现在分词作定语表示被修饰的人或物对别人造成的感受
As a new father of two children, he was very _ex_c_it_e_d(excite)
现在分词与所修饰的名词之间存在主谓(主动)关系, 表示一个正在进行的动作
On the Teachers’Day, I was pleased to receive a bunch of carnations sent by my lovely students.
过去分词与所修饰的名词之间存在动宾(被动)关系, 表示一个已完成的动作。
现在分词作表语则表示事物具有的特性。
常译为:令人…..的 如:pleasing(令人高兴的)disappointing astonishing,exciting, frightening, satisfying等等
adopted
过去分词作后置定语
= which had been …..(定语从句)

过去分词作定语,表语,宾语补足语

过去分词作定语,表语,宾语补足语

过去分词作定语过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。

从语法功能分析,过去分词兼有动词,形容词或副词的特性,可在句中充当定语,表语,宾语补足语或状语。

考点1. 过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语的位置1)单个过去分词:一般情况下。

单个过去分词作前置定语,即放在所修饰词之前。

有时为了表示强调,也可放在所修饰词之后。

A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。

(谚语)Money spent is more than money earned。

花的钱比挣的钱多。

2)过去分词短语:过去分词短语往往作后置定语,即放在所修饰词之后。

This will be the best novel of its kind of ever written. 这部小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。

This is the soldier wounded in the battle. 这就是战斗中受伤的战士。

真题链接After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _______.A. providingB. providedC. have providedD. provide2.过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成,即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受着,且该动作已经完成。

The question discussed yesterday. 昨天讨论的那个问题。

The person killed last year. 去年被杀的那个人。

2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成,不表示被动。

Autumn comes, and there are many fallen leaves in the yard. 秋天来了,院子里有许多落叶。

When I got up and went into the yard, I saw the risen sun. 当我起床并走进院子时,我看到太阳已经升起来了。

“过去分词”之作定语、表语、宾补

“过去分词”之作定语、表语、宾补

“过去分词”之作定语、表语、宾补[讲一讲]一、过去分词作定语时,常指已完成的动作且与所修饰词之间为被动关系。

一般来说,如果是单个的过去分词,则放在所修饰词前,若是一个过去分词短语,则放在所修饰词后。

二、过去分词作表语时,往往表示一种状态,而被动语态则表示一个动作。

三、过去分词作宾语补足语时,表示被动或完成,作宾补的过去分词所表示的动作与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。

常见的可以接过去分词作宾补的动词有感官动词,使役动词以及leave, keep, want等。

另外,在with的复合结构中,也可以接过去分词。

如:With his homework finished, Peter went out to play football. 功课做完后,彼得出去踢足球了。

过去分词作宾补的特殊用法:have / get sth. done结构的三种意义:1. 使得某事被做(自己做);2. 让/请别人做某事;3. 遭遇某种情况。

如:Look at your dirty clothes; you’d better get them washed.瞧你那脏衣服,你最好去洗洗。

(自己洗)I will have my long hair cut short tomorrow.我明天要去把我的长头发剪短。

(别人剪)I had my purse stolen on the bus.在公交车上,我的钱包让人给偷了。

(遭遇某种情况)[练一练]I. 翻译下列词组或句子。

1. 一个满意的微笑2. 惊恐的一瞥3. 一副惊讶的表情4. 你应该设法让人听懂你的话。

5. 他在百货大楼让人修好了电视机。

6. 我想让此事立刻得到解决。

II. 下面的补语都应该用过去分词来充当吗?请试试看!1. I’ll have my photo ______ (take) tomorrow.2. I want him ______ (finish) the homework in time.3. With his cell phone ______ (steal), the customer wanted to see the manager.4. The end of the story left me ______ (puzzle).5. I turned around because I heard someone ______ (speak) my hometown dialect. III. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

过去分词作定语和表语的用法

过去分词作定语和表语的用法

2.过去分词作定语时的意义 (1)及物动词的过去分词作定语,在语态上表示被动;在 时间上,常表示动作已经发生或完成,有时也不表示时间性。 He is a teacher respected by all. 他是个人人尊敬的老师。(表被动)
This is the question discussed yesterday. 这是昨天讨论的问题。(表被动和完成) (2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语,它不表示被动意义,只 强调动作完成。 fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起的太阳 a retired teacher 一位退休教师
and soon the affected person died.
定语
⑤He was determined to find out why.
表语
⑥He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty
water from London.
注意:英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词,其现在分词
表示主动意义,即“令人有某种感觉的”,多用来修饰物;其
过去分词含有被动意义,即“人被引起某种感觉的”,多用来
指人、人的声音或表情等。
常用的这类词有:
exciting令人激动的
astonishing令人惊讶的
excited 激动的;兴奋的 astonished惊讶的
(2)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①You cannot accept an opinion _o_f_fe_r_e_d___ (offer) to you unless it is based on facts. ②Tsinghua University, _f_o_u_n_d_e_d__(found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
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浅析过去分词作定语和表语
广东省深圳市宝安中学高中部赵国强 (518101)
有关过去分词的用法是英语学习中不可忽视的重要一环,也是高考常考的重点项目。

谓语中,be动词的相应形式+过去分词多表示被动,have的相应形式+过去分词只表示完成,正因为过去分词藉于某种形式可以表示被动语态或已经完成的动作,非谓语动词中的过去分词亦自然具有相应的语态时态特征,定语和表语中的过去分词也不例外。

现结合过去分词作定语和表语时的用法,拟就其主要特点作简要分析。

一、过去分词作定语
1、过去分词作定语,常常位于其所修饰的名词前;而过去分词短语作定语时,常常位于其所修饰的名词后,相当于一个定语从句。

You should improve your spoken English.你应该提高英语口语水平。

What’s the lan guage spoken (=that is spoken) in that area ﹖那个地区讲的是什么语言?
The book, written (=which was written) in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.这本书是1957年写的,讲述矿工斗争的故事。

The Olympic Games, first played in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET97)奥运会始创于公元前776年,直到1912年才允许女选手参加。

When I got home I saw a message pinned to the door(=which was pinned to the door)reading, “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”(NMET99)当我到家的时候,看到门上别着一个留言条,上面写着“很遗憾没见到你,过会儿再来。


2、不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动,而表示完成,如:
boiled water=water that has boiled开(过的)水
the fallen leaves=the leaves that have fallen落叶
a developed country=a country which has developed发达国

3、有些过去分词作定语既表被动,又表完成。

即过去分词在定语中可以独立表示完成意义的被动语态。

如:
He told us of the great wrong done to him.=He told us of the great wrong which had been done to him.他给我们讲了他所遭受的巨大冤屈。

Is there anything planned (=that has been planned) for the weekend﹖周末安排了什么活动没有?
Did you accept the invitation given(=that had been given) by the tour guide? 你接受导游所给的邀请了吗?
Most of the artists invited(=who had been invited)to the party were from South Africa (MET90)邀请到会的大部分艺术家来自南非。

3、不及物动词的过去分词作定语,且与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,必须在该动词后使用必要的介词。

如:
He is the boy looked after by his elder sister他就是由姐姐看管的那个男孩。

4、过去分词作定语,如果强调该被动的动作正在发生,则将being+过去分词置于被修饰的名词之后。

如:
Have you noticed the bridge being built there?=Have you noticed the bridge which is being built there?你注意到了那儿正在修的那座桥吗?
二、过去分词作表语
1、过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景,叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态;而被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成。

试比较:
The cup is broken.杯子破了。

(系表结构)
The cup was broken by him.杯子被他打破了。

(被动语态)
2、现在分词作表语,表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系;而过去分词作表语,其动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关
系。

如:
The news was exciting and we were all excited.=The news was exciting and it excited us all.消息令人兴奋,我们都很激动。

We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.=What he said at the meeting surprised us.我们对他在会上讲的很是惊讶。

其实,类似以上的情感动词在定语和表语中的用法规则是相同的。

需要提醒的是,有些过去分词在定语或表语中容易产生混淆,使用时要引起注意。

如:
a worried look/face/expression着急的神情
an unexpected result意外的结果
主要参考文献:
A.J.Thomson, A.V. Martinet:《牛津实用英语语法》(第四版),外语教学与研究出版社,牛津大学出版社,1998年。

张道真:《英语常用动词用法词典》,上海译文出版社,1981年。

该文曾发表于《起跑线》2003年第11期。

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