25.征服考博英语-语法结构500题
2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：100
2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Youngsters who drink and smoke, and are often absent from school are far more likely to be （） from school.问题1选项A.inducedB.disobeyedC.expelledD.forbidden【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。
选项A, B, D都不能与介词from搭配应用。
be expelled from school意为被学校开除, 符合句意。
句意：酗酒、吸烟、经常旷课的青少年更有可能被学校开除。
2.单选题At the press conference, the Prime Minister（）the government’s refusal to compromise with terrorists.问题1选项A.rectifiedB.recitedC.rekindledD.reiterated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
rectify“调整，矫正”；recite “背诵，叙述”；rekindle “复燃”；reiterate “重申，重复”。
句意：在记者招待会上，首相重申了政府拒绝向恐怖分子妥协这一申明。
选项D符合题意。
3.单选题Why be（）about that old coat? There’s no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when you first met me.问题1选项A.sensitiveB.sensibleC.sentimentalD.sensational【答案】C【解析】be sentimental about sth.为固定搭配，意为“对....很伤感”。
4.单选题The aim of the president’s speech was to convince still reluctant countries of the great necessity of imposing sanctions against the countries that（）terrorists.问题1选项A.kidnappedB.harassedC.heckledD.harbored【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
考博英语资料
Test one一、完形填空（语言的进化与学习）Evolved;valuable;attainment;resonble;claim;with;organisms;potential;as;biological;reviews;infact; the lower;exposed;rules;although;isolated;interaction;acquisition;in other words二、阅读理解1、culture is the sum total of all the traditions……（文化是所有传统的总称）C(basically equal);D(complicated);A(vocabulary);A(all languages allow);B(It helps anthropology) 2、aurora极光篇C(know little);D(the behavior24);A(magnetosphere);B(colors depend on);B(formatio and colors) 3、划船-团队论B(spirit of teamwork);D(a coach);A(key to);C(bad management );C(from the beginning)4、If you intend to using humou……（幽默的使用）D(use humor effiectively);B(relevant to);A(god-like);B(another group);B(as if be natural)5、four words that changed a life(C-E-A-D-F)Test two一、完形填空（我们正在进入一个飞速发展、致命武器、资源耗费、国际紧张的时代）There;achieved;transfers;scale;outcome;needed;whether;possibly;as;last;difficult;pace;allowance;o ut;many;then;come;line;extent;or;二、阅读理解1、Archaeology has long been an tool for…… (考古学已成为研究史前文化的一个工具)A(purpose changed);C(investigate European cultures in northAmerican);D(locate);B(misused in1940s);A(become valuable in science and history )2、A folk culture is small…….(民间文化)A(contrast between);B(popular cultures);C(tradition);D(while );D(popular culture incresingly)3\As Dr Samuel…..计算机B(at all);D(compared with man);C(absurd);A(handle streams information);B(before 1970s)4、genetic discrimination is a bad thing (基因歧视)C（may become a musician）;A(Yo-yo Ma);D(hard work);D(reliable than other);B(advocates) 5、The irresponsibility that spreads AIDS:B-A-F-D-CTest three一、完形填空（culture is the sum total of all the traditions……文化是所有的总称）Sense;may;savage;of;that;series;established;spoken;uncivilized;complex;tranfer;their;which;but; Speakers;expansions;existence;to;ours;what二、阅读理解1、Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths.D(the prevalent measurement);C(achieve happiness);A(annoying);D(encounter few difficuties)B(wants to illustrate those who know ……are truly intelligent)2、In July of 1994,an astournding series of events took place(comet 彗星事件)D（once combined larger body）;C(frozen);B(more than 20);A(left marks and ribbons )D(collisions between heavenly bodies have been relatively frequent)3、By the year 2100,global temperatures are expected to rise (地球温度将升高)C（0.8-3.5recent years）D(technically not very difficut to reduce);D(overdue=late);A( a political risk );A(may emit more for somet time)4、Over the past few years ,people being told what they cant eat. (diets 食物节食)D（wandering what food healthy）A(more profits than safty);D(consumers blame for)B(ready-made meal replaced the home-making );B(man-made and not beneficial to health)5、Working women----East an West:B-A-D-E-FTest Four一、完形填空（one of the major problems of nuclear energy…核能的主要问题）Many;active;whilespan;forcing;involves;which;by-products;undetacted;containers;leaked;effects;consideration; Building;high;enclosing hot;where;thereby;abandoned二、阅读理解1、Volcanic fire and glacial ice are natural enemies(火山与冰川是敌人)C(steam caves of Mount Rainier);C(Destruction in the cutting of glaciers);D(bowel-like)A(sth between ofdinary ice and crystalline ice);A(destroy the cave system)2、Out of more than 3 million students graduates from high school (300万中学生高中毕业) B（0.2%）；Ｂ(pass entrance examinatio);C(reasearch institutions);C(equally well-known);B(diffent opinions)3、Most americans spend far more of their leisure time(美国人的休闲时间在大众媒体)C（mass media occupies leisure time）;B(our exposure not necessary) A(by different factors)B(influence as great as film ) D(somewhat passive)4、For the past 20 years, scientists have been investigating科学家探讨疾病与电磁场的关系A(rise debate);B(a figure to judge);D(The EMF);B(make clear);C(adequate hunman models)5、you are what you think D-B-A-C-FTest Five一、完形填空（Humor doesn't travel well;Jokes rarely translate）While;in term of; so that;capable;advance;shaped;depends on;interpreting;interacting;about;compounded;incorporated;at the mercy of ;transform;offensive;constraints;likewise;at the expense of;cautious;risky二、阅读理解1、Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion(想象如果世界没有了情绪)B（tell beneficial from harmful）;C(enjoy doing right thing);A(basis);B(classcify objects);B(socity) 2\War may be a natural expression of biological instince and .(战争可能是生物本能的表达) B(be reasonable);B(by social conventions);B(control violence);C(responsibility punishment);B(sacrifices individual for the benefit of the social menmber)3、The case for college has been accepted without question for more高中生上大学的好处？) B(value it high);B(themore ,the less)C(rise unemployment);B(only a choice);A(strong motivation)4、Automobile industry has been well in USA and Japan (为什么日本汽车生产水平比美国高)D（different process）B(both well)C(not only ..but also)A(practicable) D(make clear)5、JAKARTA C-B-E-D-ATest SIX一、完形填空（Generally speaking 英国人可能更愿意谈天气）Even;witness;dozing;but;once;object;fancy;atlength;follows ;speculation;certainly;who;when;pred ictions;surprised;repaced;although;at aloss;mention;reserved二、阅读理解1\略2、for most of us ,the work is the central….(工人与管理者工作的差别)C（by work they do）;B(satisfaction in life);B(frustrations from inequality at work)D(intolerable and challenging )A(have no control over their work)3、Prospective teachers are urged to develop their…..(未来老师的教学方法)A（possible selecting）C（instruction practice）A（oversimlified and judgement）B(responsible use 0f teaching style)B(Educational philosophies)4、Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology别歧视被证明是思想意识形态) D（somewhat a prejudice）A(weaker sex)；B（an extension domestic role）B(social determined and full of prejudices);B(sex role different are taught in schools)5、The grass is always greener A-C-D-F-ETest Seven一、完形填空（One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is ….资本主义的本质特征是）Extensive ;however;evolution ;significant;source;material;problems;which;deny;emergence;For example;created;line;recognized;stepped in;important;industries;pursuit;handicap;condemn二、阅读理解1、Its natural for young people to be critical their parents（年轻人经常抱怨父母不理解他们）D（teenagers）;A(sometimes reasonable to complain);D(illustrate existence);D(show difference and independence);C(cooperate with their parents)2、What do we think of the word “business”你认为什么是生意？()C（business many kinds of enterprises）;B(Munich Re);D(socially and responsible);A(more responsibilities than profits);B(a chapter of a business book)3、Although we can say…language learning like to pretend (语言学习)D（generalizationg in very beginning）;B(students exposed to plenty language materials);D(Teahers should exercise students ability);A(make slow progress);B(some generalization of language learning)4、Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions…(衣着提供个人的信息)B（helps us understand）;C(attract more attention);C (certain type certain occasions);A(Few women are certain professional clothing);D(Clothing for appropriate effects)5、Don't cry for the new economy B-C-E-A-FTest eight一、完形填空（there are two ways to see growth 有两种基本方式去观察增长）Viewed;promotion;measurable;by contrast;definition;specigic;as;ends;order ;risks;first;perceive; Open;cause;adapt;cope;likely;role;both;cease to二、阅读理解1、Should doctors ever lie to be benefit ,,,,(医生应该撒谎吗？C(lawyers);D(necessary practice);C(unable to deal properly);A(doctors different government );B(slightly sarcastic稍带讽刺2、Fortunately there are still afew tasty things for us to enjoy security (食盐还是不食盐呢？D（not convincing）;C(humorous);B(too much salt);B(equally harmful to health);C(not result from)3、Few people would defend the attitude to childern (父母对孩子溺爱的度的把握)B（very strict）;D(followers);B(urging to spoil child);D(strong)；C(hardships beneficial growth ) 4、The destruction of natural resources and contamination of food (环境与食物污染)C（pollution）;B(Environmental health professionals);A(Ecologists,conserbationists)D(Unable to see the whole);B(America)5、Our pursuit of Happiness F-B-C-A-ETest Nine一、完形填空（many definitions of social movements and revolutions社会运动革命的不同）Purposeful;profit;and;legal;thus;find;Civil;involved;achieve;however;stop;disagreements;standard ;scale;enact;major;and;sought;stakes;ready二、阅读理解1、For centuries ecplorers have risked their lives….(探险活动的目的及意义，火星探险)B(for economic and polical purposes);D(an unknown region);D(Non-commercial ornational imperative);C(a role more important than past);A(May helpunderstand how life began)2、American and British annoyed the French Paradox(法国式的似是而非与反话)B（eat more fatty but less die of）;C(show uncertain );A(the special way of wine-drinking)D(delayed result of an action);A(still uncertain about the key to French Paradox puzzle)3、A reviews of the female characters in Chinese fiction..(中国小说中的妇女形象)C（of the 20th century）;B(subject to male-centered );A(pessimistic);C(not just ,but economic as well);A(wives at homes and working outside at the same time )4、The fear of Americanization of the planet …..(文化美国化或全球化现象)D（at the expense of the other languages）;A(encourages to learn other language cultures )D(now popular in the world);C(to promote language cultures);A(Universalist)5、Einsteins painful romance;E-C-A-B-DTest Ten一、完形填空（略）二、阅读理解1、Income disparity describes two disparate groups:the rich and the poor(收入划分贫富距) C（different）；D(only have better conditions);C(only somewhat reasonable)A(still hope to make fortune);B(unrealistic to take monetary wealth as the only aim of life )2、Crying is hardly encouraged by scciety (流眼泪的不同原因与作用)D（harmful to health）;A(physiological);C(hardly necessary to get help);A(Emotional tears different other accounts );B(discovery of drug abuse and the diagnosis of eye illnesses)3、satiric literature is its freshness,its originality…(讽刺文学的魅力)D（reasons for pooularity of satire）C(new form);A(Jonathan Swift);D(original aesthertically);C(because they need to be reminded that popular ideas are often inaccurate)4、One fact demonstated by early sleep researchers (睡眠的研究情形)B(each individual had the same EFG as his signature);D(sleep involves different levels of consciousness) C(single);D(after the alpha rhythm descents);A(sustainable)5、When to say no to kids E-B-F-C-D。
考博英语填空题常考语法结构
考博英语填空题常考语法结构一、主句单一原则任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构，如果已经有一个主句，那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句，除非中间有连接词进行联系。
例1：--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form.(A) They occur where they are(B) Occuring where(C) Where they occur(D) Where do they occur分析：空格后面是一个主句，(A)为带有从句的主句，空格后又是主句，有两个主句一定错。
C为地点状语从句，正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。
例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center(A) Fort Wayne(B) Although Fort Wayne(C) For wayne is in(D) Fort Wayne, in分析：空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词，由此可知，最后一句话是一个主句，空格处应该有从句引导词，四个选项中只有（B）中although能引导从句，故选（B）。
二、谓语动词专一原则任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。
句子中不可能没有谓语动词，也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。
例1：William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,”-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals withsocial issues.(A) covers(B) covers it(C) which covers(D) which it covers分析：空格后的deals with 是谓语动词，A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词，可先排除; D 中的it多余，因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语；C构成正确的定语从句例2：In copper engravings and etchings, -----causedby the edges of the plate is clearly visible onthe paper.(A) the impression is(B) if the impression is(C) impressions(D) the impression分析：题目中的is是谓语，A,B中是谓语重复。
考博英语(翻译和写作常用短语)
一、政治类：把…捐给慈善机构 donate …to charities把…看成社会公敌 look upon … as a threat to society把…列为基本国策 list…..as fundamental national policies把…作为指导 take… as the guide把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice …把握大局 grasp the overall situation摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement 采取各种措施 adopt various measures参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength打破僵局 break the deadlock打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion锻造一支人民军队 forge a people’s army对…具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on对…做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major )contributions to反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner给…带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to根除 (防止,消除)*** root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption观察当今世界 observe the present-day world缓和紧张状况 ease the tension回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in publicopinion坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase 了解，化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences减轻农民负担 alleviate farmer’s burden解放思想 emancipate our minds解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing解决新问题 resolve new problems进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world进入新时期 enter a new period进行和谈 hold peace talks进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment就…接受妥协 accept a compromise on开发西部 remake the west开始生效go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进open up new ways forward科教兴国rejuvenate our country through science and education理顺关系rationalize the relationship履行权利和义务perform the responsibilities and obligations迈出重要的一步make an important step热爱和平love peace深化改革deepen the reform审时度势size up the situation实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立realize national independence实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life 实现中华民族伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业implement the revitalization of our nation维护世界和平maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成果absorb what is advanced in other civilizations下放权力给delegate the management of ... (to ...)响应号召respond to the call修改法律amend the laws宣布…召开announce the opening of徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends依法治国govern the country according to law引起全国的关注arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利win one victory after another在…中起(至关)重要作用play a major (crucial, an important ) role in增强凝聚力enhance the rally power增强综合国力和国际竞争enhance comprehensive (overall) national strength and international competitiveness展望伟大征程look into the great journey展现生机和活力display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部revive the west振兴中华民族rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation政企不分mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management政务公开make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动urge governments of all countries to take action抓住机遇seize the opportunity转变政府职能transform (shift) the government functions追求进步pursue progress追求真理seek the truth走进新时代march (stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties遵循规则follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法adopt various methods采取反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures承担风险bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)创收外汇earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国内经济需求spur domestic demand刺激国内需求stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理introduce from abroad the advanced technology and经验management expertise促进地区间的合作promote regional cooperation促进改革promote reform促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy打黑crack down on speculation and profiteering打假take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)打破垄断break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场take back lost market发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advantages防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks改善投资环境improve the environment for investment赶超先进surpass the advanced给…带来积极影响bring a more pos itive impact on…根据市场作出调整gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产notarize the properties和…达成(签订)协议reach (sign) an agreement with和…进一步合作further cooperation with和…有合作关系have cooperative ties with活跃市场enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development。
考博英语词汇语法复习
考博英语词汇语法习题及参考答案Section A (指出划线部分的同义词或近义词)1.Nothing is less sensible than the advice of the Duke of Cambridge who is to be reported to have said: “Any change, at anytime, for any reason is to be deplored.”A．emulated B．ridiculed C．complicated D．lamented2.To carry out his economic programs, Roosevelt had to contend with a Supreme Court that was deeply opposed to those programs.A. travel B surrender C struggle d. join3.Being unable to write clearly is a liability in a business career. In business, one must often express opinions and ideas in writing.A. drawback B surprise C necessity D penalty4.The idea that off-track betting will work in Alaska because it works in New York isa questionable analogy. New York and Alaska may not be alike when it comes to off-track betting.A comparisonB purposeC contrastD requirement5.Indigenous life forms—the cactus and the camel in the desert, the polar bear and the seal in the Arctic, and so on—are suited to their environment in very specific ways.A nativeB dangerousC extinctD recent6.There is an optimum way to approach each kind of exam question. For a multiple-choice item, for example, first eliminate any clearly wrong answers. For an essay question, jot down an outline first.A inconvenientB bestC annoyingD time-consuming7.Studies indicate that a predisposition to schizophrenia is inherited. People who are schizophrenic are more likely than others to have schizophrenic children.A tendencyB understandingC fearD avoidance8.By giving military aid to dictatorships in Latin America, the United States has seemed to sanction their cruel policies.A criticizeB approveC rememberD create9.A provocative question can be an effective way to open an essay. Students have begun essays with such interesting questions as, "What do you think your name means?" and "How long do you think it would take you to count to one billion?"A funnyB arousing interestC unanswerableD very brief10.Manic depression is an emotional disorder in which the patient alternates between feeling delightfully euphoric and being plunged into deep gloom.A overjoyedB boredC exhaustedD curious11.What makes up a true work of art? Although no single criterion seems adequate, the novelist James Joyce suggested three standards: "wholeness, harmony and radiance."A. novel B question C artist D standardSection B （根据句子的意思选择恰当的单词）12.Please don’t ______ too much on the painful memories. Everything will be allright.A hesitateB lingerC retainD dwell13.Participants in the Shanghai Co-operation Forum ______ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development.A．cursed B．echoed C．bounced D．hailed14.The international situation has been growing _____difficult for the last few years.A invariablyB presumablyC increasinglyD dominantlyThe boy seemed more ______ to their poverty after seeing how his grandparents lived.A．reconciled B．consolidated C．deteriorated D．attributed15.Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, there are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.A．intriguing B．exasperating C．demonstrative D．unprovoked 16.Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight.A．mercurial B．gallant C．ardent D．frugal17.The party has always had a cautious and______attitude to Europe.A. obedientB. overwhelmingC. skepticalD. subsidiary18.People's confidence in Blair was greatly ______ by his wife's misbehavior.A．sapped B．cherished C．sabotaged D．confirmed19.It is the central government that has ______ the coastal economies preferential policies.A．delivered B．granted C．submitted D．given20.Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are ______ off.A．avoided B．excluded C．screened D．separated21.The secretary wants to ______ all the file clerks to make preparations for the company Christmas party.A．enlighten B．enlist C．enable D．enclose22.To be a successful criminal, one must be ______.A．empirical B．emigrant C．elegant D．elusive23.The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and ______ the Corporation's statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.A．defers B．curtails C．triggers D．sparks24.I reject any religious doctrine that does not ______to reason and is in conflict with morality.A．apply B．appeal C．attract D．attend25.Even though he was guilty, the __ judge did not send him to prison.A mercifulB impartialC conscientiousD conspicuous26.Before the disastrous earthquake there was ______ chaos.A．massive B．ominous C．suspending D．imminent27.The appearance of the used car is ______ , it's much newer than it really is.A．descriptive B．indicative C．deceptive D．impressive28.At dusk, Mr. Hightower would sit in his old armchair in the backyard and wistfully lose in reminiscence of his youth romances.A．hopefully B．reflectively C．sympathetically D．irresistibly29.He told a story about his sister who was in a sad ______ when she was ill and had no money.A．plight B．polarization C．plague D．pigment30.He said it would not be all that difficult to reach a peaceful conclusion to the_____.A. paradoxB. dilemmaC. prejudiceD. conflict31.You must insist that students give a truthful answer __with the reality of their world.A relevantB simultaneousC consistentD practical32.There was no positive evidence that any birth_____had arisen as a result of Vitamin A intake.A. defectsB. woundsC.signsD. scars33.The crowd ______ into the hall and some had to stand outside.A．outgrew B．overthrew C．overpassed D．overflew34.It was clear that the storm ______ his arrival by two hours.A．retarded B．retired C．refrained D．retreated35.The Prime Minister was followed by five or six _______ when he got off the plane.A laymenB servantsC directorsD attendants36.The human voice often sounds__ on the telephone.A twistedB irregularC distortedD deformed37.The professor found himself constantly ____ the question: “How could anyone do these things?"A presidingB poringC ponderingD presuming38.Weeks ____ before anyone was arrested in connection with the bank robbery.A terminatedB elapsedC overlappedD expired39.In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal, expansion joints are fitted which ____ the stress by allowing the pipe to expand or contract freely.A relieveB reconcileC reclaimD rectify40.Outside my office window there is a fire ____ on the right.A. escapeB. ladderC. stepsD. stairs41.It is ______ understood by all concerned that the word no one who visits him ever breathe a syllable of in his hearing will remain forever unspoken.A．uncommunicatively B．acceptably C．tacitly D．taciturnly42.The slogan "What goes up must come down" was so universally accepted by economists that it was considered a(n)______A. conjectureB. axiomC. fadD. testimonial43.After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally ______.A deterioratedB dispersedC dissipatedD drained44.Each of the area managers enjoys considerable in the running of his own area.A. autonomyB. dignityC. monopolyD. stability45.There is an unquestionable link between job losses and services.A. descendingB. decliningC. deterioratingD. depressing46.The prospect of increased prices has already ______ worries.A provokedB irritatedC inspiredD hoisted47.There was snow everywhere, so that the shape of things was difficult to＿＿.A. identifyB. AuthorizeC. JustifyD. Rationalize48.The director gave me his ________ that he would double my pay if I did my jobwell.A warrantB obligationC assuranceD certainty49.In spite of the ______economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.A gloomyB miserableC shadowyD obscure50.Hotel rooms must be _____ by noon, but luggage maybe left with the porter.A. departedB. abandonedC. vacatedD. displaced51.Nothing in the essay is______every sentence contributes in an essential way to the overall meaning.A. superfluousB.querulousC.paramountD.mandatory52.Sally,thoroughly convinced of her own importance, often acts without______:she feels no guilt, for example, about appropriating her brother's possessions.punctionB.gratificationC.aplombD.indignation53.The respect accorded choreographer Martha Graham by her students and colleagues alike was so great that it amounted to ______A.exasperationmiserationC. venerationD.reconciliation54.As advocates of free speech confront those who would regulate entertainment strictly,the debate over shocking content in movies will likely______A abate B.concur C.mediate D. escalate55.Some psychologists argue that a______of choices can be paralyzing,since too many options can impede meaningful selection.A.prohibitionB.manifestationC.misapplicationD. plethora56.Celia Tomlinson personifies______:she overcame poverty,language barriers,and discrimination to found,own,and operate her own engineering company.A.tenacityB.nonchalanceC. .munificenceD.expediency57.The speaker announced that her primary focus would be on broad global concerns rather than______issues.A.contemporaryB.substantiveC. parochialD.pervasive58.Cito Gaston,one of the least______baseball managers,surprised reporters by weeping openly after his team won the play-offs.A.somberB.demonstrativeC. wistfulD.bountiful59.The beared dragon lizard is a voracious eater, so______that it will consume as many insects as possible.A.abstemiousB..unpalatableC.slovenlyD.insatiable60.Favoring economy of expression in writing, the professor urged students toward a ______ rather than an______prose style.A.spare...ornateB.terse...opinionatedC.personal...academicD.baroque...emellished61.The professor's presentation was both______and______:though brief,it was instructive.A.verbose...mundaneB.concise...elaborateprehensive...edifyingD.succinct...enlightening62.The study shows that laying too much emphasis on exams is likely to ______ students′enthusiasm in learning English.A．hold back B．hold off C．hold down D．adopt 63.There are three bodies of writing that come to ＿＿＿this question and we will consider each in turn.A．bear on B．sort out C．figure out D．put on 64.Thousands perished, but the Japanese wished to ______ the extent of the cruel acts committed by their soldiers.A．live up to B．mark down C．size up D．play down65.Despite all the evidence to the contrary ,the witness ______ that his story was true.A. stuck outB. stood outC. kept downD. held up66.All things ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. had been canceledB. have been canceledC. were canceledD. having been canceled67.They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.A. installB. to installC. to be installedD. installed68.The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the companyA. have toldB. be toldC. being toldD. having told69.Body paint or face paint is used mostly by men in preliterate societies in order to attract good health or to _______ disease.A set asideB ward offC shrug offD give away70.I ____with the Browns during my stay in New York City.A put in B. put down C. put on D. put up71.You should know better than____ your little sister at home by herself.A to leave B. leaving C. to have left D. left72. ____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A. There has been no rainB. Having no rainC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain73.Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment____.A. which they are happeningB. they are happeningC. which they happenD. they have happened74.Although a teenager, Fred could resist _____ what to do and what not to do.A. to be toldB. having been toldC. being toldD. to have been told75.Barry had an advantage over his mother ______ he could speak French.A. since thatB. in thatC. at thatD. so that76.There is______what will happen to them.A. no tellingB. not tellingC. not to tellD. not to be told77.The commander said to his troops that under no circumstances______to step across the border.A. the enemy should be allowedB. should the enemy be allowedC. should allow the enemyD. the enemy should allow78.To be frank, I’d sooner you______a good review yesterday for the coming test.A. h adn’t doneB. d idn’t doC. cou ldn’t have doneD. w ouldn’t do79.We have made great achievements, but it does not ______ that there are no shortcomings.A result inB lead toC followD cause80.The goods are sold at reduced prices, ______ .A. the defects are pointed out to the customersB. the defects pointed out to the customersC. the defects have been pointed out to the customersD. the defects being pointed out to the customers81.The ship cut her way __ the waves.A downB throughC offD up82.Any possible solution to the Irish question can only come____through dialogue.A. aboutB. acrossC. aroundD. at83.This does not mean not ___ what we wanted to do.A to be doingB to have doneC doingD having done84.At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not__.A on viewB at a glanceC on the sceneD in sight85.According to the law which he later produced, everything in the universe attracts everything else towards .A. itB. everythingC. itselfD. each86.Our country had made great efforts to promote the family-planning policy, but___the birth rate is getting higher and higher.A. as it wereB. as it isC. as it wasD. as is it87.Water is to fish____atmosphere is to men.A. thatB. soC. whatD. so does88.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is__ loud continuous noise.A subjected toB filled withC associated withD attached to89.________ I would like to stay, I really must go home.A.Much asB. In spite ofC. DespiteD. As90.Attendances at basketball matches have____since the coming of television.A dropped inB dropped downC dropped offD dropped out91. Telecommunication developments enable the sending of messages ________television, radio and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with many messages.[ A ] via [ B] amid [ C ] past [ D ] across92. A man has to make __ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.[ A ] supply [ B ] assurance [ C ] provision [ D ] adjustment93. The government agency responsible for the________ of such standards was the FCC.[ A ] approval [ B ] proposition [ C ] consent [ D ] agreement94. When travelling, you are advised to take the travelers' checks, which providea secure________ carrying your money in cash.[ A ] substitute [ B ] selection [ C ] preference [ D ] alternative95. My students found the book: it provided them with an abundance of ________information on the subject.[ A] enlightening [ B ] confusing [ C ] distracting [ D ] amusing96. The doctor was asked to go back to the hospital because of______ case.[ A ] an operation [ B ] an emergency [C ] a treatment [ D ] an incident97. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or __ for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic program for the reading skills.[ A ] adapted [ B ] acknowledged [ C ] assembled [ D ] appointed98. The problem has simply______ because you didn't follow my instructions.[ A ] raised [ B ] aroused [ C ] risen [ D ] arisen99. To my surprise, the house which looked rather shabby outside was luxuriously and ___ furnished inside.[ A ] artificially [ B ] arbitrarily [ C ] arrogantly [ D ] artistically100. It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are ___free medical care.[ A ] entitled to [ B ] involved in [ C ] associated with [ D ] assigned to参考答案1—5 DCAAA6—10 BABBA11—15 DDDCD16—20 CCABC21—25 BDBBA26—30 BCAAD31—35 CADAD36—40 CCBAA41—45 CBDAD 46—50 AACAC 51—55 AACDD 56—60 ACBDA 61—65 DCADA 66—70 DADBD 71—75 ACBCB 76—80 ABACB 81—85 BACDC 86—90 BCAAC 91—95 ACADA 96—100 BADDA。
英语考博语法
（一）考博英语语法：独立主格1. 充当句子的状语。
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词4. With + 名词(代词) + 分词(形容词)例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle).真题剖析(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them.45. A. ForB. AsC. WithD. Because练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do__9__ you really want to do.8. A. isB. havingC. beingD. be（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气虚拟语气(2)1. (should)+动词原形It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式would rather +动词过去式真题剖析(1997) …I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . …47. A. doB. didC. don’tD. didn’t(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home.53. A. orderedB. pleadedC. decidedD. demanded练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart.15. A. tookB. would takeC. will takeD. should take(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even__54__ other facets of life prove disappointing.(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.)54.A. shallB.willC.wouldD.should（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词动名词、分词、不定式。
博士英语考试要点总结(完美版)-整合word版本
博士英语考试要点总结(完美版) 整合博士英语复习资料分数组成：卷面80分+出勤10分+口试10分卷面：一. 听力选择（放2遍）：1分*10=10分二. 给出后缀，要求写出它的意思，并以此后缀造词并写出中文意思：分*10=5分三、单复数的变化四. 选择正确的解释并将所选选项翻译成中文（神经系统、消化系统、心血管系统、呼吸系统、药理）：本题出自各章课后习题Multiple choice部分：1分*10=10分五. 2段英翻中（医学科普）：5分*2=10分2段中翻英（一般为中医）：内容包括证、病机、症状、治则的翻译,书中以肺为例，考试中可以变为脾等脏。
详见《博士生医学英语教材》中的IX、X、XI：10分*2=20分六. 给一段中文科普文章，翻译成80字左右的英文摘要七. 作文：Economic Growth and Environment(80字) A4纸手写、不能从网上下，夹在卷子里：10分一．复数形式（教科书P42~43）Ampulla—Ampullae 尾突（另有一意思为壶腹）Corona—Coronae 冠状Vertebra—Vertebrae 脊椎Bronchus—Bronchi 支气管Capillus—Capili 毛发Fungus—Fungi 真菌Omphalos—Omphali 脐Genus—Genera 属Stercus—Stercora 粪Gonad—Gonades 性腺Testis—Testes 睾丸Diagnosis—Diagnoses 诊断Psychosis—Psychoses 精神病Epididymis—Epididymides 附睾Thorax—Thoraces 胸部Appendix—Appendices 阑尾Pollex—Pollices 拇指Meninx—Meninges 脑脊膜Caries—Caries龋齿Derma—Dermata 真皮，皮肤Sarcoma—Sarcomata 肉瘤Stoma—Stomata 口Flagellum—Flagella 鞭毛Labium—Labia 唇Protozoon—Protozoa 原生动物格（p17~p20）及课后练习题I的所有单词。
北大考博英语真题语法现在完成时的用法
北大考博英语真题语法现在完成词和现代完成进行词的用法1.现在完成时的用法现在完成时的语法结构：have/has+-ed分词。
(1)已完成用法：表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间(常指最近的过去时间)，现存已经完成了，并与现在的情况有联系。
例如：He has bought a car.他已买了一辆汽车。
(2)未完成用法：指动作或状态从过去某时开始持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。
例如：I’ve lived here since1999.从1999年我就住在这里。
题例1.This is one ofthe most diligent students that I_____.A.even have knownB.have ever knownC.knowD.knew【答案】B【解析】现在完成时表示：迄今为止这一段时间的情况：|一个影响现状的动作;刚刚结束的动作;过去的经验。
其形式：“have(has)+过去分词”。
【参考译文】这是我所见过的最勤奋的学生之一。
题例2.He_____Beijing for five years.A.has come toB.has been inC.has arrivedD.has gone to【答案】B【解析】现在完成时在与表示一段时间的状语连用时，不适用于表示短暂动作或位置转移的动词，如open，break，go，come，arrive，die，leave 等，可与表示状态或持续性动作的动词连用。
【参考译文】他来北京已5年了。
题例3.It_____a long time since we last met.A.has beenB.will be c.was D.had been【答案】A【解析】在“it is/has been…since”结构中，主句常用现在完成时，也可用一般时，在since后面要用过去时。
【参考译文】我们已经很长时间没见面了。