中西方餐桌礼仪的文献综述
浅析中西方餐桌礼仪差异

浅析中西方餐桌礼仪差异一、中国的餐桌礼仪自古以来,中国就是“礼仪之邦”、“食礼之国”。
懂礼、习礼、守礼、重礼的历史,源远流长。
据《礼记礼运》记载:"夫礼之初,始诸饮食。
"而最早出现的食礼,又与远古的祭神仪式直接相关。
对此,《礼记礼运》又有一段概括性的描述,其大意是:原始社会的先民,把黍米和猪肉块放在烧石上烤炙而献食,在地上凿坑当作酒樽用手掬捧而献饮,还用茅草扎成长槌敲击土鼓,以次来表示对鬼神的敬畏和祭祀。
后来食礼由人与神鬼的沟通扩展出人与人的交际,以便调节日益复杂的社会关系,逐步形成吉礼、凶礼、军礼、宾礼、佳礼等“先秦五礼”,奠定了古代饮食礼制的基石。
据文献记载,至少在周代,饮食礼仪就已形成一套相当完善的制度。
作为汉族传统的古代宴饮礼仪,自有一套程序:主人折柬相邀,届时迎客于门外。
宾客到时,互致问候,引入客厅小坐,敬以茶点。
客齐后导客入席,以左为上,视为首席,相对首座为二座,首座之下为三座,二座之下为四座。
客人坐定,由主人敬酒让菜,客人以礼相谢。
席间斟酒上菜也有一定的讲究:应先敬长者和主宾,最后才是主人。
宴饮结束,引导客人入客厅小坐,上茶,直到辞别。
这种传统宴饮礼仪在我国大部分地区保留至今,如山东、香港及台湾,许多影视作品中多有体现。
清代受西餐传入的影响,一些西餐礼仪也被引进,中西餐饮文化的交流,使得餐饮礼仪更加科学合理。
餐桌礼仪在中国的文化传统中特殊的意义,在中国,餐桌不仅仅是满足基本的生理需求之地,还是重要的社会交往乃至提示处事经验的场所,餐桌上的礼仪体现了一个人教养和素质。
因此遵守好餐桌礼仪在中国就显得十分重要。
二、西方餐桌礼仪西方餐桌礼仪起源于法国梅罗文加王朝,当时因着拜占庭文化启发,制定了一系列细致的礼仪。
到了罗马帝国的查里曼大帝时,礼仪更为复杂,甚至专制。
皇帝必须坐最高的椅子,每当乐声响起,王公贵族必须将菜肴传到皇帝手中。
在十七世纪以前,传统习惯是戴着帽子用餐。
在帝制时代,餐桌礼仪显得繁琐、严苛,不同民族有不一样的`用餐习惯。
餐桌上的礼仪论文(精选5篇)

餐桌上的礼仪论文(精选5篇)餐桌上的礼仪论文(精选5篇)现如今,说到论文,大家肯定都不陌生吧,论文写作的过程是人们获得直接经验的过程。
你知道论文怎样写才规范吗?以下是小编为大家收集的餐桌上的礼仪论文(精选5篇),欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。
餐桌上的礼仪论文1随着中国加入世界WTO与世界的交流也越来越多,作为饮食文化中的餐桌礼仪也受到了越来越多的人的关注。
本文以中西餐桌礼仪为出发点,以下是“餐桌上的礼仪论文”希望能够帮助的到您!现在社会礼仪无处不在,用餐不单是满足基本生理需要――也是头等重要的社交经验。
餐桌礼仪在中西方人们的生活秩序中占有一个非常重要的地位。
中西餐在吃的方面都有两方面的礼仪,一是来自自身的礼仪规范,比如说餐饮适量、举止文雅。
另一个是就餐时自身之外的礼仪规范,比如说菜单、音乐、环境等。
尽管有许多不同,但还是有许多规则是大多数国家通用的。
有一种说法,不懂得吃西餐的礼仪,就不算是正宗的现代人。
那么中西就餐礼仪终究有些什么差异呢主要有以下几点:一、预定在中国吃饭很少有预约的事,一般在大型的,重要的场合才会预约。
而在西方越高档的饭店越需要事先预约。
预约时,不仅要说清人数和时间,也要表明是否要吸烟区或视野良好的座位。
如果是生日或其他特别的日子,可以告知宴会的目的和预算。
在预定时间内到达,是基本的礼貌。
二、着装中西方在这方面都很有讲究。
但在中国,人们在餐馆用餐的穿着可以随便一些,即使是T恤、牛仔裤都可以,只有在重要的宴会上才会穿得隆重些。
而吃饭时穿着得体、整洁则是欧美人的常识。
去高档的餐厅,男士要穿着整洁的上衣和皮鞋;女士要穿套装和有跟的鞋子。
如果指定穿正式服装的话,男士必须打领带。
再昂贵的休闲服,也不能随意穿着上餐厅。
此外最重要的是手一定要保持干净,指甲修剪整齐。
进餐过程中,不要解开纽扣或当众脱衣。
三、入座入座时如果有主人或招待人员,那么座位应该听候主人或招待人员指派,不要过于礼让。
如未定座位,应由尊长坐上座,自己捡低档的座位坐下,不必过于谦恭。
中西方商务餐桌礼仪文化分析

中西方商务餐桌礼仪文化分析前言随着经济全球化的迅速发展,也迅速带动了中国与西方国家之间文化的发展。
根据文献的记载,早在我国周代,饮食礼仪就已经形成了一套相当完善的制度。
餐桌礼仪在现代中国人的生活中占有相当重要的地位。
用餐不仅是满足生理需要,而且也是重要的社交经验,体现着一个人的教养和素质。
而在西方国家的宴客形式,从正式到非正式,远远多于中国。
西方的商务餐桌礼仪不仅形式多样,而且正式程度上也多样化。
大致说来有:席位的宴青(s eated dinners),自助餐(buffet dinners),正式午餐(luncheons),招待会(receptions),鸡尾酒会(cocktail parties),聚餐会(BYOB and BYOF =Bring your own bottles and bring your own food),野餐(picnics),茶会(tea parties)等。
1.中西方商务餐桌礼仪文化概述中国餐饮礼仪问题可谓源远流长。
据文献记载可知,至少在周代,饮食礼仪已形成一套相当完善的制度,特别是经曾任鲁国祭酒的孔子的称赞推崇而成为历朝历代表现大国之貌、礼仪之邦、文明之所的重要方面。
作为汉族传统的古代宴饮礼仪,自有一套程序:主人折柬相邀,临时迎客于门外。
宾客到时,互致问候,引入客厅小坐,敬以茶点。
客齐后导客入席,以左为上,视为首席,相对首座为二座,首座之下为三座,二座之下为四座。
客人坐定,由主人敬酒让菜,客人以礼相谢。
席间斟酒上菜也有一定的讲究:应先敬长者和主宾,最后才是主人。
宴饮结束,引导客人入客厅小坐,上茶,直到辞别。
这种传统宴饮礼仪在我国大部分地区保留完整,如山东、香港及台湾,许多影视作品中多有体现。
则西方餐桌礼仪起源于法国梅罗文加王朝,由于受到拜占庭文化启发,而制定一系列精到的礼仪。
到了罗马帝国的查里曼大帝时,礼仪更为复杂而专制,皇帝必须坐最高的椅子,每当乐声响起时,王公贵族必须将菜肴传到皇帝手中。
浅谈中西方餐桌礼仪的相关文化

浅谈中西方餐桌礼仪的相关文化浅谈中西方餐桌礼仪的相关文化现代社会礼仪无处不在, 用餐不单是满足基本生理需要, 也是很重要的社交经验。
而中西方在餐桌礼仪方面的要求也有许多差别, 了解了两者的不同以防止失礼于人。
下面是小编为大家精心搜集的浅谈中西方餐桌礼仪的文化,欢迎大家参考借鉴。
随着人类文明的发展,原始农业开始出现,人类膳食結构开始发生变化,中西方餐具开始出现不同。
不同的餐具代表不同的文化、不同的历史、不同宗教和不同的饮食习惯。
我们吃东西时往往不会去在意餐具,目前很多学者在大量研究中西方餐桌礼仪及相关文化,却忽视了餐具文化本身的吸引力。
餐具的外观可以展示的流行元素。
它的发展可以反映人类文明的发展。
餐具的发明是人类智慧的精华和饮食文化的发展需要。
从饮食文化和世界上餐具的发展,我们可以看到,中国和西方国家之间是不同的。
我们研究餐具文化可以感受这种不同,有利于中西方交流。
一、中国和西方国家餐具的差异1、中国的筷子在中国,人们主要的餐具是筷子和勺。
筷子只是两个小棍子,但人们可以用来吃各种各样的食物。
在古代,筷子不仅是一种餐具,也是占卜的工具。
据《礼记》记载,人们在先秦时代是直接用手吃饭的。
之后,由于人们无法用手直接烧烤食物,竹子成为架烤食物和翻转食物的工具。
随着时间的推移,聪明的祖先逐渐学会了将竹子切成细条,这便是筷子的雏形。
2、西方的刀叉在西方国家,刀叉是人们的主要餐具。
西方国家使用刀叉的历史大约有45个世纪。
西方餐具通常是刀叉一套,与简单的用筷子相比,刀叉具有更多功能,有着细致的分工,通常人们用刀切割,用叉子吃。
刀叉是西方最具代表性的餐具,出现比筷子更晚。
西方餐具的最初起源是与欧洲古代游牧民族的生活方式相关的。
为了在残酷恶劣的环境中生存,他们必须学会充分利用锋利的狩猎工具。
生肉通常比较大块,因此切割和饮食的过程十分依赖于锋利的工具。
3、中国餐具筷子的使用在中国,在你吃食物之前,筷子应该放在碗的右边,吃完后需将筷子放在碗的中间。
中西方餐桌礼仪的跨文化研究

中西方餐桌礼仪的跨文化研究餐桌礼仪是人类社会文化的重要组成部分,它反映了不同国家和地区的文化传统和价值观。
中国和西方国家在餐桌礼仪方面存在着显著的差异,这种差异不仅仅体现在餐具使用、食物选择和用餐时间等方面,更深入到文化观念和价值观的层面。
本文将从跨文化的角度,对中西方餐桌礼仪的差异及其影响进行深入探讨。
在中国的餐桌礼仪中,使用筷子和勺子是最常见的餐具,而西方国家则更倾向于使用刀叉。
筷子的使用需要技巧和练习,但它也表达了东方文化中的一种谦逊和尊重。
而在西方国家,刀叉的使用则被视为一种文明的象征。
中西方在食物选择方面也存在显著差异。
中国菜系种类繁多,注重色香味俱佳,而西方国家的食物则多以烤、炸、煮为主,更加强调食材的原味。
中餐的用餐顺序通常为冷盘、热菜、主食、汤品、水果,而西餐的用餐顺序则为开胃菜、主菜、甜点、咖啡或茶。
中西方在用餐时间方面也存在差异。
中国以集体为重,注重聚餐的气氛,因此用餐时间较长。
而西方国家则更注重个人时间,用餐时间相对较短。
在敬酒方面,中西方也有不同的习俗。
中国人在酒席上会多次相互敬酒,并且有祝酒词和干杯的习俗,这体现了中国人的热情和礼貌。
而西方国家则更加注重酒水的品种和配菜,敬酒的次数相对较少。
中西方餐桌礼仪的差异受到多种因素的影响,包括地理环境、历史背景、宗教信仰等。
这些差异在不同的国家和地区表现得尤为突出。
在中国,餐桌礼仪受到孔孟之道的影响,强调尊重长辈、谦虚谨慎。
而在西方国家,受基督教文化的影响,餐桌礼仪更加强调自由、平等和竞争。
然而,随着全球化的推进,中西方餐桌礼仪也在相互借鉴和融合。
西方的餐饮文化已经在中国广泛传播,而中国的传统礼仪也在逐渐被西方人所接受。
这种跨文化的交流与融合为中西方餐桌礼仪的发展带来了新的机遇和挑战。
在中国的团圆饭中,餐具的使用、食物的选择和敬酒的方式都有其特殊的含义。
团圆饭不仅是味觉的享受,更是一次精神的团聚。
家人们通过共享美食,表达对过去一年的感恩和对新一年的期许。
中西方餐桌文化差异论文

中西方饮食文化差异以及餐桌礼仪的对比摘要:中西两家因为深受不同的社会文化、历史文化和各种社会背景的影响,从而导致两种不同文化的产生,餐桌礼仪文化业因此应运而生,餐桌礼仪文化是饮食文化的一部分,中西饮食文化的不同是中西民族文化差异的重要组成部分。
每个国家、每个地区的每种民族都在饮食中自觉不自觉的透露着自己深刻的文化背景。
本文着重论述中西方在餐桌礼仪文化上的差异,剖析中西方餐桌礼仪文化差异的具体表现和渊源。
Chinese and western two because by different social and cultural, historical and cultural and social background of influence, resulting in two different cultures of generation, table manners culture industry so arises at the historic moment, table manners culture is part of the diet culture, Chinese and western diet culture of different cultural differences between Chinese and western nations is an important component. Every country and every area of each nationality they are consciously or unconsciously in food in the revealed himself deep cultural background. This paper elaborates on table manners cultural differences between Chinese and western table manners, analyzes the cultural differences between the concrete manifestation and origins.关键词: 跨文化交际; 饮食文化; 餐桌礼仪; 文化差异进入21世纪以来, 跨文化交际已经成为人们生活中不可或缺的内容。
中西餐桌礼仪差异论文

中西餐桌礼仪差异论文中西餐桌礼仪差异论文随着当今世界全球化步伐的加快,中国与其他国家在政治,经济,文化等方面的联系越来越紧密。
而礼仪无疑在这种联系中发挥着无比重要的作用,而各国由于在历史传统,风俗习惯,宗教信仰等方面,对礼仪都有着各自不同的理解,同时又有着具有民族特色的礼仪传统。
以下是中西餐桌礼仪差异论文,欢迎阅读。
深受中西方社会文化,历史文化及其各种社会因素的影响,使两种文化的距离相差甚远。
在中国,任何一个宴会,不管是什么目的,都会有一种形式。
就是大家团团围坐,共享一席;宴席要用圆桌,这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌共趣的气势。
美味佳肴放在一桌人的中心,它既是一桌人欣赏品尝的对象,又是一桌人感情交流的媒介物。
人与人相互敬酒相互让菜劝菜,再美好的事物面前,体现了人与人之间相互尊重争让的美德。
反映了中国古典哲学中“和”这个范畴对后代思想的影响,便于集体的情感交流,因而至今难以改革而西方这个主要以面食为主的群体,餐桌礼仪的细节就显得更加繁琐而有条不紊。
他们所用的餐则是分餐制,人自扫盘中菜,不管他人碗里汤,互不相扰。
西方人喝酒也听凭自愿,白兰地,威士忌,鸡尾酒,喜欢什么喝什么,想喝多少喝多少,所尊重的是个人意志,体现出的饮食思想观念要合理的多。
综上,中西礼仪千万种,以下是我对餐桌礼仪的一些浅析方法。
一、出席时间的差异中国人是多样化时间观念的人,西方人是单一时间观念的人。
要求做任何事情都要严格遵守日程安排,该干什么就干什么,一般说来,时间多样化模式的中国人更倾向于迟到半小时之后到达,主人似乎也早有思想准备,通常会在这段等待的时间里安排些其他节目,如打牌,喝喝茶,聊聊天等,让一些先到的客人们消磨时间。
对于这种迟到现象主客双方都习以为常,并不将之视为对主人邀请的一种轻视或者不礼貌的行为。
在西方国家各种活动都按预定的时间开始,迟到是很不礼貌的,正式的宴会要求准时到达,十分钟后不到者,将会被视为不合礼仪,是对主人及其他客人的不尊重。
中西方餐桌礼仪的文献综述

Literature ReviewIn the past few years, a lot of studies have been done and published on the reasons of table manners’differences between China and the West. From the past literature reviews, we may see that this field of study has become more and more important and many people, not only scholars, but also some foreign trade clerks, have been involved in the study. Manners in every country are different. What is polite in China may not be polite in other countries.Realizing this point will help us enjoy western food with your foreign friends. My research will focus on this topic and analyze the reasons of the differences.In accordance with the former researchers' studies, there are three reasons that caused the differences. They are cultural background, historical background and customs.Different nations or regions have different culture. In terms of the different cultural background, we will mainly introduce two aspects. They are religious beliefs and values. Most Chinese believe in Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. The Buddhist advocates “merciful Purdue beings”and “harmony”. Westerners mostly believe in Catholicism or Christianity, and believe that God created man(Zhang Wenjuan, 2009) and the western culture is self-centered, the boundary between people is clear. And also Zhang Wenjuan pointed out in her paper that “thousand of years of Chinese traditional culture in the Chinese Buddhism makes Chinese table manners modest.” (2009) Different table manners reflect different national heart in different culture, such as, chopsticks in China, knives and forks in West. So the table manner is the reflection of national cultural identification. (Dong Baojun, 2005) Otherwise, different values can cause the difference of table manners. In cross-cultural communication, value is the core of culture. As a result, every country or society has their own value.To some extent, table manners are an epitome of a country’s value. Clyde Kluckhohn thought, value is “a concept of individual or collective possess which is dominant or recessive, it has national characters. The concepts affect people’s choices among the various behavior patterns, methods and goals.”(2005) In China, collectivism is the guiding value. But in western countries, they emphasize on individualism, self-worth and respect. The sharp contrast values also give expression to the table manners. (2005)Just as Chinese often share a plate of food together, while westerners often eat food in their own plate.As to the historical background, China and the West obviously have their different history. In China, the table manners could date back to Zhou Dynasty; table manners have shaped quite complete system. After being highly praised by Confucius, table etiquette became the important part of powerful country. From Qing Dynasty, the modern table manners gradually shaped. (Dong Baojun, 2005) What’s more, the western etiquette also has a long history. The western table manners originated from Merovingian Dynasty in France. It is developed from the spirit of knight during the 11th century to 12th century; banquet became the center of western feudalism. In 13th century, it gradually had access to family and friendship. (Margaret Visser, 2007) With respect to the custom, the eating process usually consists of three parts. They are before dinner, in the dinner, after dinner. There are some etiquettes which should be observed during the whole process. Before dinner, we need to notice the arrival time, seating arrangement, order dishes and so on. In the dinner, we also needto know usage of napkin, usage of tableware, special tips and some drinking etiquette. After dinner, Chinese and westerners also have different ways of paying the bill. The westerners usually give tip to server. The usual amount to tip is between 15% and 20% of the total amount of the bill. (Hao Han, 2007) But Chinese usually don’t give tip to server.Based on all the above discussion, I have chosen “an analysis on the reason of table manners’ differences between China and the West” for my research, and as the topic of my thesis. And it is believed that, from what has been discussed, it is still developing on the etiquette. Learning and using the right etiquette will not only step up our impression, but also promote the communication between people who come from different countries and have different cultural background.Bibliography[1] Post Elizabeth.西方礼仪集萃[M].齐宗华译.北京三联出版社,1991.[2]Margaret Visser.餐桌礼仪:文明举止的起源,发展和含义[M].刘晓媛译,北京新星出版,2007.[3] 董保军.中外礼仪大全[M].民族出版社,2005.[4] 段洁.餐桌礼仪与口才[M].中国经济出版社,2007.[5] 杜学增.中英文化习俗比较[M].外语教学与研究出版社,1998.[6]浩瀚.礼仪英语情景会话模板[M].国防工业出版社,2007.[7] 林莹,毛永年.西餐礼仪[M].中央编译出版社,2009.[8]曲蒙.国际礼仪指南[M].文汇出版社,2006.[9]孙美玲.餐饮礼仪[M].陕西旅游出版社,珠海出版社,2009.[10] 王琪.现代礼仪大全[M].地震出版社,2005.[11] 张文娟.现代商业:中西方餐桌礼仪存在的差异[J].现代商业杂志出版社,2007.。
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Literature ReviewIn the past few years, a lot of studies have been done and published on the reasons of table manners’differences between China and the West. From the past literature reviews, we may see that this field of study has become more and more important and many people, not only scholars, but also some foreign trade clerks, have been involved in the study. Manners in every country are different. What is polite in China may not be polite in other countries.Realizing this point will help us enjoy western food with your foreign friends. My research will focus on this topic and analyze the reasons of the differences.In accordance with the former researchers' studies, there are three reasons that caused the differences. They are cultural background, historical background and customs.Different nations or regions have different culture. In terms of the different cultural background, we will mainly introduce two aspects. They are religious beliefs and values. Most Chinese believe in Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. The Buddhist advocates “merciful Purdue beings”and “harmony”. Westerners mostly believe in Catholicism or Christianity, and believe that God created man(Zhang Wenjuan, 2009) and the western culture is self-centered, the boundary between people is clear. And also Zhang Wenjuan pointed out in her paper that “thousand of years of Chinese traditional culture in the Chinese Buddhism makes Chinese table manners modest.” (2009) Different table manners reflect different national heart in different culture, such as, chopsticks in China, knives and forks in West. So the table manner is the reflection of national cultural identification. (Dong Baojun, 2005) Otherwise, different values can cause the difference of table manners. In cross-cultural communication, value is the core of culture. As a result, every country or society has their own value.To some extent, table manners are an epitome of a country’s value. Clyde Kluckhohn thought, value is “a concept of individual or collective possess which is dominant or recessive, it has national characters. The concepts affect people’s choices among the various behavior patterns, methods and goals.”(2005) In China, collectivism is the guiding value. But in western countries, they emphasize on individualism, self-worth and respect. The sharp contrast values also give expression to the table manners. (2005)Just as Chinese often share a plate of food together, while westerners often eat food in their own plate.As to the historical background, China and the West obviously have their different history. In China, the table manners could date back to Zhou Dynasty; table manners have shaped quite complete system. After being highly praised by Confucius, table etiquette became the important part of powerful country. From Qing Dynasty, the modern table manners gradually shaped. (Dong Baojun, 2005) What’s more, the western etiquette also has a long history. The western table manners originated from Merovingian Dynasty in France. It is developed from the spirit of knight during the 11th century to 12th century; banquet became the center of western feudalism. In 13th century, it gradually had access to family and friendship. (Margaret Visser, 2007) With respect to the custom, the eating process usually consists of three parts. They are before dinner, in the dinner, after dinner. There are some etiquettes which should be observed during the whole process. Before dinner, we need to notice the arrival time, seating arrangement, order dishes and so on. In the dinner, we also needto know usage of napkin, usage of tableware, special tips and some drinking etiquette. After dinner, Chinese and westerners also have different ways of paying the bill. The westerners usually give tip to server. The usual amount to tip is between 15% and 20% of the total amount of the bill. (Hao Han, 2007) But Chinese usually don’t give tip to server.Based on all the above discussion, I have chosen “an analysis on the reason of table manners’ differences between China and the West” for my research, and as the topic of my thesis. And it is believed that, from what has been discussed, it is still developing on the etiquette. Learning and using the right etiquette will not only step up our impression, but also promote the communication between people who come from different countries and have different cultural background.Bibliography[1] Post Elizabeth.西方礼仪集萃[M].齐宗华译.北京三联出版社,1991.[2]Margaret Visser.餐桌礼仪:文明举止的起源,发展和含义[M].刘晓媛译,北京新星出版,2007.[3] 董保军.中外礼仪大全[M].民族出版社,2005.[4] 段洁.餐桌礼仪与口才[M].中国经济出版社,2007.[5] 杜学增.中英文化习俗比较[M].外语教学与研究出版社,1998.[6]浩瀚.礼仪英语情景会话模板[M].国防工业出版社,2007.[7] 林莹,毛永年.西餐礼仪[M].中央编译出版社,2009.[8]曲蒙.国际礼仪指南[M].文汇出版社,2006.[9]孙美玲.餐饮礼仪[M].陕西旅游出版社,珠海出版社,2009.[10] 王琪.现代礼仪大全[M].地震出版社,2005.[11] 张文娟.现代商业:中西方餐桌礼仪存在的差异[J].现代商业杂志出版社,2007.。