中西方餐桌礼仪 英文介绍
中西方餐桌礼仪文化差异英语作文
中西方餐桌礼仪文化差异英语作文英文回答：Cultural Differences in Dining Etiquette between the East and the West.Dining etiquette, a set of formalized rules governing table manners and behavior during meals, variessignificantly between cultures. While some principles, such as using utensils properly and avoiding talking with one's mouth full, are shared across regions, other practices differ vastly.Table Setting: In Western cultures, each person has their own designated place at the table, with plates, glasses, and utensils arranged in a specific order. This arrangement ensures that everyone has easy access to the necessary items. In contrast, East Asian meals are often served family-style, with dishes shared from communal plates and bowls.Meal Sequence: In the West, meals typically adhere toa set sequence: appetizer, soup, salad, entree, and dessert. It is considered polite to wait until everyone at the table has finished a course before proceeding to the next. InEast Asian cultures, however, the meal begins with a rangeof dishes that are enjoyed simultaneously and there is no predetermined order.Tableware Usage: Westerners primarily use knives, forks, and spoons for eating, while East Asians typically use chopsticks. In some East Asian cultures, spoons arealso used for soups and broths. The handling of these utensils differs as well; in the West, forks are held inthe left hand and knives in the right, while in East Asia, chopsticks are held in the dominant hand and used to convey food to the mouth.Conversation and Communication: During meals in the West, conversations are typically light and engaging, butit is considered impolite to speak with one's mouth full or to discuss controversial topics. In East Asian cultures,mealtimes are often used for more serious conversations and discussions.Table Manners: In the West, it is considered polite to sit up straight, not to reach across the table, and to fold one's napkin on the table when leaving. In some East Asian cultures, it is customary to slurp noodles or soup to show appreciation for the meal, while in the West, such behavior is considered rude.These are just a few of the many differences in dining etiquette between Eastern and Western cultures. Understanding these variations is essential for respectful and enjoyable dining experiences across borders.中文回答：东西方餐桌礼仪文化差异。
中西方餐桌礼仪英文(1)
Manners in China
1)Spitting Out the Bones In China it is common practice to spit things out on the table or the floor. Often food has small pieces of bone or other inedible parts that need to be removed from the mouth. Using chopsticks, a hand or a tissue is a polite way around the problem.
The order of dishes in China
The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, to be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup then will be served to be followed by staple food ranging from rice, noodles to dumplings. If you wish to have your rice to go with other dishes, you should say so in good time, for most of the Chinese choose to have the staple food at last or have none of them at all.
For the main or meat curse, the English keep the fork in the left hand, point curved downward, and bring the food to the mouth either by sticking the points onto it or in the case of soft vegetables, by placing it firmly on the fork in this position with the knife.
介绍外国餐桌礼仪的英文作文范文
介绍外国餐桌礼仪的英文作文范文Table Manners around the WorldWhen it comes to dining etiquette, different countries have their own unique customs and traditions that are followed at the dinner table. Understanding and respecting these cultural differences is important, especially when traveling or dining with people from different backgrounds. In this essay, we will explore the table manners of various countries around the world.In Japan, one of the key aspects of dining etiquette is the use of chopsticks. It is important to know how to use chopsticks properly and to avoid sticking them upright in a bowl of rice, as this is considered impolite. Additionally, slurping noodles is completely acceptable in Japan, as it is a sign that you are enjoying your meal.In France, dining is seen as a social event and a time to relax and enjoy good food and company. French table manners are formal and elegant, with the proper use of utensils and napkins being of utmost importance. It is also customary to keep your hands visible at all times, as hiding them under the table is considered rude.In India, eating with your hands is a common practice, especially when it comes to traditional dishes such as curry and rice. It is important to only use your right hand for eating, as the left hand is considered unclean. Additionally, it is polite to leave a little bit of food on your plate to show that you are satisfied with the meal.In China, dining etiquette is heavily influenced by Confucian principles of respect and harmony. It is customary to serve others first before serving yourself and to wait for the host to begin eating before you start. Table manners in China also emphasize the importance of using chopsticks correctly and making a slight noise while slurping soup, as it is a sign of appreciation.In Italy, mealtime is a time for family and friends to come together and enjoy delicious food and good conversation. Italian table manners are relaxed and informal, with the emphasis being on savoring each course and taking time to appreciate the flavors. It is also customary to keep your hands on the table at all times and to avoid switching utensils between courses.Overall, table manners vary greatly from country to country, reflecting the unique cultural customs and traditions of each region. By learning about and respecting these different dining etiquettes, we can foster greater understanding and appreciation for the diverse ways in which people around the world come together to enjoy a meal.。
英文版中国餐桌礼仪
Second :manners at mealtimes
• Don't eat until everyone is there. Don't reach to get the food on the opposite side. • Ask the visitor and the elder to move the chopsticks first. • The hosts should help the guests to the food or ask them to help themselves. • Eat with little noise and movement. Do not make a hiccup (打嗝） or a sound like a hiccup. • You may not slurp(出声地吃喝）your soup.
after take the seat, keep a proper posture;
keep your feet under your seat, don’t
straighten or step
under others’
seats;
don’t keep your elbows（肘部）to the edge of the table or put your hands on another chair’s back .
Definitude the primary mission of the meal. If it is a business meal, together to communicate with each other. However if it is only to make friendly contacts, what you need to do is just
论文 中西方餐桌礼仪英文版
Different Table Manners between China and the West 不同的国家和民族由于地区差异形成了不同的文化。
而不同国家的社会生活方式则形成了不同的饮食文化及餐桌礼仪。
饮食文化及餐桌礼仪是非语言文化的重要组成部分。
作为一名外语学习者，了解中西方饮食文化及餐桌礼仪方面的差异及其渊源是必要且必须的。
因为这不仅仅可以增加对所学语言文化的认识，更加有助于提高跨文化交际的成功率，以此避免由不合适的行为或方式所形成的误解。
本文第一部分分别对中西方餐桌礼仪做简要概括。
第二部分为本文核心，从餐具，座次，点餐及用餐氛围四个方面具体介绍中西方餐桌礼仪的差异。
第三部分从地理因素，价值观，及传统习俗入手，讲述形成中西方餐桌礼仪差异的缘由。
以此三个部分展现餐桌礼仪文化在中西方文化交流中占据重要地位。
Different countries and nations have different cultures as a result of regional differences. The social lifestyle of different countries form different diet culture and table manners, which are an important part of non language culture. As a foreign language learner, it is necessary to learn the differences between Chinese and Western food culture and table manners. Because it can not only increase the comprehension of the language culture, but also help to improve the success rate of intercultural communication, so as to avoid the misunderstanding caused by inproper behavior or manner.The first part of this paper gives a brief summary of Chinese and western table manners. The second part is the core of this paper, descriping specificly the difference between chinese and western table manner from four aspects that are tableware, seat arrangement, serving order and dining atmosphere. The third part from the geographical factors, values, and traditional customs introduces the reasons that the differences between Chinese and western table manners from the geographical factors, values, and traditional customs. The purpose of this paper shows that table manner plays an important role in the process of communication and colliding between Chinese and western culture.Etiquette is the process that show respect for others and constrain ourselves with a certain and conventional way in interpersonal communication, involving dress, communication, emotional intelligence and so on. Etiquette is a language, a tool, and a set of communicational rules between people.Table manner refers to the common eating polite standard in human society. On the contrary, some behaviors when eating are regarded as rude or destroying other’s appitite. In accordence with different culture of different countries, there are different table manner.According to the literature, chinese table manner has formed a quite complete system since Zhou Dynasty. This traditional banquent are still remaining in most parts of China. As the saying goes, food is the paramount necesssity of the people. In this way we can see that eating diet plays a significant role in Chinese dailylife. Wheareas, table manner has high statue. While eating with traditional chinese family, we have to respect their manner, culture and custom. In addition, not to offend the taboo for Chinese believe that diet is closely related with fate. if you off end the taboo, it will lead to bad luck. For example, after dinner ,you can’t say I finish the meal, which it means you are dead and no chance to eat. Instead you should say I am full. Table manner occupies a important place in the modern chinese life order. They think that eating is not just to meet the basic phycial need, but also esencial social experience. Therefore it is particularly important to master some ceremorial knowledge about Chinese table manner, whether you are a host or a guest.dinnerwareWestern dinnerware are mainly the knife and fork which were widely used by France in the European continent in the 18th century. Westerners using knife and fork is consisted with their culture about nomadism and maritime, which shows vividly that they are competitive and adventurous . before eating, knife and fork are placed in accordance with the rule : left fork and right knifon both sides of the plate respectivly, with the blade took inward. At eating, right hand take the knife to cut food without blade outward, while left hand use the fork to eat food. If not to eat temporarily, one should place knife and fork in "eight" shape with the blade toward oneself. When the meal is finished, the fork is raised on the back and the blade is folded inward with the fork.Except knives and forks, spoon, napkin, glass are also essential for Western dishes. Spoons divide two types: soup spoon and sweet spoon. A large spoon is next to the knife, while small dessert spoon are placed on the top of the dessert dish. When drinking soup, one should take the spoon with the right hand. After drinking, one should place it in the opposite side of the plate. The napkin is usually prepared on the plate before the meal.The wine glasses are placed with the order :liqueur glass, red wine glasses, champagne glasses, beer mugs, and the type of wine is the same as the type of wine. The wine glass is usually on the top of the right side of the knife.Chopsticks, which has a long history of 3000 years, is the typical Chinese tableware, consistent with the traditional "harmony" thought. Pay attention to 2 notes about the use of chopsticks: first, place chopsticks neatly on the right side of the bowl before eating. Second, do not use chopsticks to make a sound, lick chopsticks, or not to point at anyone with chopsticks.Taking particular notice, do not insert the chopsticks in rice or pasta, because it is very similar to the ancient ritual candles and symbolizes infelicity. In addition to chopsticks, spoons, plates, cups, napkins, toothpicks are necessary. The spoon is used for soup or other small morsels. Attentiuon, do not put soup too full to smear the table cloth or clothing. After using, put the food into the plate immediately. In general, the big plate is for a variety of dishes, small dishes for the food dish, to hold the incoming food from the public plate.Remember not to put too many things in the disk cover so as not to avoid oil to spill , and put thorns on the front end of theplate. Napkins are often used in some large hotels. Before dinner, the waiters will prepare a hot wet towel for the guests. The cup is usually on the left of the dish, not to pour fully.Serving orderAppetizers, the first dish, are sometime made of four kinds of cold platet representative appetizers are the cold jellyfish skin, preserved eggs and so on. After the cold plate, it is followed by four hot plate that commonly is fried shrimp, fried chicken and so on. However, hot plates are mostly omitted.While placing the hot plate, one ought to serve from the left of the opposite seats of guests of honor. The heads of the whole fish and duck should not be pointed at the chief seat.?The following are the main course, also known as large dishes,will be taken on table. If the menu is marked "eight pieces", it says that there are a total of eight main course. The number of courses in the main course is usually four, six, eight and so even, since the Chinese people think that even is the number of Kyrgyzstan. In the luxurious banquet, the main course even can be up to ten kinds of species. These dishes are made of different materials, added acid, sweet, bitter, spicy, salty flavors, with fried, steamed, boiled, fried, roasted, fried and other cooking methods .Most of the order of the dishes are matched interactively, for example, combining light taste with oily and greaty taste. Soup is the end. Dessert, such as pies, cakes, buns, almonds and so on, is provided after the maincourse. Last is the fruit, which is good for digesting.In western banquent, the appetizer is also the first dish which is specialty. As for the first dish , it usually match with aperitif. It is with acid and crisp taste and westerners’ favorite snack. The following dish, extremly different from China, is soup which is classified genelly into five categories: vegetable soup, cold soup, cream soup, pureed soup,and clear soup. Next is side dish, also called fish dish, including a viatery of seafood such as shellfish and molluscs for the seafood is full of nutrition and good for lung and eye. The fourth dish is main course, which also known as poultry or meat dish. Delicious steak or lamb is the most common main course. It is more tasty when drizzling fresh foie gras. After greasy meat dish, it is right time for salad, refreshing vegetable dish, such as tomato, broccoli, onion and so on. The following dish is dessert which have many different kinds. It can be chocolate cookie, croissant, mousse cake,macarons. Coffee is the final drinking, which can be added milk and sugar according to own taste. It also has different kinds such as blue mountain coffee, latte, macchino, mocha and so on. Table settingIn the Chinese table manner, at the begining, let guests attend the seats, then please the elderly seat next to the guests. One should seat from the left side of the chair. When sitting on the chair, one should not move the chopsticks, or make noise, let alone walk casually unless having urgency. Host should invites guest to have a seat and notice that do not let guest sit close to the place that is seryeddishes. If you are the master, you should point to a chair and say to the guests with a gentle tone: "please sit here." There are four fountamental way for sitting arrangement: first, taking the table of the host sitting as a sign, the guest on its right is honor and the left is low. Second, first host should sit facing the main door, then guest of honor sit on the right of the host and deputy chief gust on the left. Third, if the position of the host is inferior to the guest of honor, the host is able to ask guest to sit where the host should have seated, then the host sit on the right, host should have a seat that is faced the main door, and the guest of honor sit on the right of master. As for deputy chief guest, he should sit on the left. Western people believe that the right is honor and the left is low. when hostess announces that the dinner is ready, the host will lead the guests to sit in turn, with the hostess walking last.Some careful master willplace name card on the table in order to show seats. while, if there is no such arrangement, then the seat arrangement is generally:men and women sit separatedlly, male host first, gewhose seat is in the hostess On the right of hostess.the other couples are diagonally seated. Couple sitting dividually shows the opening and lively nature of the American banquet. They hope that the banquet can be used to enhance the relationship of each other and relaxing atmosphere. In the informal party, seat arrangment follows that women is first. If a gentlman shares a supper with a woman, the man should not let the woman sit near the passageway and should let the woman sit on his right; the man should let the woman sit inside. If two men with a woman, men ought to lead the woman sit in the middle．What is more,men should remove the chairs and let women sit first．When two man have a dinner，the junior sit outside．AtmosphereWhen chinese people enjoy yummy food they usually talk a lot, which shows the sincere and hospitality of hostess. Besides, lively table can reflect the guests’joy. The active atmosphere reflects the warmth of family, and harmony of the nation in a sence. However, in the western tradition, people think that excessive noise is rude, and only the quiet and orderly looks noble. There not exist these phenomenon such as pesuading to drink alcohol and carrying dish for others. This reflects the respect for the individual in the western culture. people hardly talk with each other but cut and eat their food with fork quietly. They avoid making noise while eating and drinking. Even if they have something important to talk, they keep the sound that both of them can heard.When chinese invited guests to have dinner, they usually prepare a wild variety of dishes, which is no less than seven or eight dishes. The more delicious and expensive the dishes are, the more important guests are. Although the hostness elaborate perpectly, she would say: I am so sorry that the dish does not cook well, eat more. Hope you bear with me. Please forgive me, there are not so much food for you all. Or some modest words similar like this. In addition, the host will ask the guest: Would you like some more? And maybe the host will ask this later. The guest answer with a little shame: just a little more. While inwestern dinner, there are four or five dishes. If it is at home, the guest had better eat all of the food, so the hostness will be very happy because of her good cook. Usually, host simply say to guest: heip yourself. When the host ask: would you like more fried chicken? The guest just answer according to himself. If he is full enough, he say: no , thanks. If not, he should answer: yes, I would like some more chickens. After dinner, guest could say it was out of the world！So delicious！I licked the plate clean. or I made a pig of myself. In this way can make hostness happy. By comparing this, we can know that Chinese obey the principle that is to belittle themselves and to respect others. Western people pay more attention to keeping their prestige and saving face. For example, western people never talk adout the disguesting things on table. They will try their best to use implicit and elegent words to replace toilet. such as: "Where can I wash my hand", "I wonder if I could go somewhere.", "Can I add some powder? "?Geography?China is located in the east Asia-Europe continental monsoon climate zone, rain and heat over the same period, very suitable for growing plant, which forms Chinese people's plant character. Most western countries are located in temperate maritime climate zone, which is the perfect place for natural pasture. So western people are fond of meat. For Europeans, pasture means food, and food means survival, which in turn leads to their expansion and the formation of aggressive character. There are big animals such as cattle and sheep in the vast ranch, so their diets are mainly steak and lamb, and thus have the argument that is "fromBerlin to Los Angeles, steak is a taste" . This is why milk from Europe and the United States is spreaded into China. as we all know, chopsticks, fork and knife are the most foundemental difference between Chinese and western table manner. Chopsticks originate from the place where there is bamboo. More wood in the north , more bamboo in the south, ancestors use local materials, cuting bamboo and wood for making chopsticks. anyway, chopsticks play an indispensable role in Chinese daily life. knife and fork later than the chopsticks is the representative of Western tableware, which originated in the ancient European living nomadic habits. Before and after the 15th century, there appeared two- teeth fork, the emergence of four- teeth fork in the 18th century. They cut down and eat meat as soon as it cooked. From then on, western people use knife and fork as their tableware.The view of valueIn China, a state of ceremony, table manner reflects Chinese "solidarity" collectivist values. During the dinner, seat arrangement can give expression to it obviously. Chinese people emphasis that to respect the old and cherish the young, to be filial first. Relativly speaking, in western countries, the value of individualism occupies a position of importance, which shows individual valve and strength. Because they emphasis personality development, self-expression in their philosophical thought. They believe that it is not fate but your own laziness to contribute to your faiure. During Chinese dinner, seniority would give dish to the junior so that displays their kindness to children. This is lively andharmonious atmosphere conforming to chinese traditional value. On the contrary, western people eat their own food and pick up food they want to have. They refuse others to force themselve eating food they do not like. Different from chinese traditional food culture, western diet is more rational, more emphasis on science and health. Regarding nutrition as the highest standard, they eating food is just like adding a fuel to a biological machine, with particular emphasis on the nutrition of the food. Whether the amount of Protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and all kinds of inorganic elements is reasonable, whether the supply of calories is proper, whether nutrients can be fully absorbed by the body, which are the westerners’focus. Western diet that demonstrate strong pragmatism and utilitarianism will not combine the diet with spiritual enjoyment together. Chinese diet has always been pursuing the taste as the primary purpose of eating. A folk saying goes: "hunger breeds discontentment, and whether the food i9os delicious or not depends on taste. Chinese cook create a lot of cooking methods in ordre to make dish tasteful. Even if the dish name is poetic. Making food and eating food having special cultural connotation, to a certain extent, is the embodiment of the art. Although we attach importance to eating for keeping in good health, our cooking methods result in a lack of many nutrients in the processing process that is one disadvantage.cultureThe different national ethnic and historical development can lead to different history. Confucianism and Taoism are the origion of Chinese traditional culture,which have a long and profound influence on Chinese society. Faith, propriety, righteousness, wisdom, benevolence are the core of Chinese traditional culture. Mr. Yi Zhongtian, in the book Culture on Dinner Table said that the core thought of Chinese culture is group consciousness while the western corn thought is individual consciousness.Edward Hall, a famous American anthropologist, propose that time concept of human has two cultural patterns, Monochronic-time and Polychronic-time. Western people insisting on M-time follow close to the line of scheduling program, deal with things with time correspondently. By contrast, eastern people holding P-time are more flexible on time. In the Chinese banquet, the M- time model makes the guests more inclined to be late and the host seems to have prepared for the guests who arrive on time some intresting activities to kill time such as chating, watching TV so that the?guests?who?come?earlier?would?not?feel?boring.In China, especially in ancient times, women are not allowed to participate in formal banquets which is identical to the Chinese traditional feudal thought Males are supposed to be worth more than the other sex. In the book of the Chinese, Lin Yutang even said: "since the primitive times,women has not occupied the deserved status in the Chinese people's blood ." in the chinese traditional culture, woman has been in a subordinate position, Although Chinese women's status been significantly improved, but when there exist collision between the "old" principle and the "lady first" principle , Chinese choose theformer instead of later. On the contrary, "ladies first" is a traditional culture in the west, and an absolutely necessary etiquette in social activities. Women can enjoy many traditional customs of the knigh: When a woman enters a restaurant, all the men have to stand up; and in front of the table, the man take the chair for the lady.ConclusionIn recent years, with the rapid development of China, the trade and cultural exchanges between China and Western countries have become more and more frequent. Comparing the difference of table manner between China and west, we can see that it is important to improve the international image of our country, strengthen the cultivation of personal qualities, and promote the further cooperation between China and the west.。
中西方餐桌礼仪英文d
The order of dishes in China
The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, to be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup then will be served to be followed by staple food ranging from rice, noodles to dumplings. If you wish to have your rice to go with other dishes, you should say so in good time, for most of the Chinese choose to have the staple food at last or have none of them at all.
4) When you’re done with your meal, the proper placement of the silverware is to lay them parallel to each other and across the plate with the handles facing the right. To clarify, the ends would be facing 10 o’clock and four. Note: Not all waiters will know this and they still may ask you if it’s okay to clear your plate. At least you appear cl(奶油刮刀）
中西方餐桌礼仪的不同英文作文
知识图谱的构建及应用一、概述知识图谱是一种将语义信息结构化表示的方法。
通过将事实、概念、实体等信息整理成一张图，构建出了一种更加智能化、直观化的知识体系。
本文将从构建和应用两个方面来阐述知识图谱的优势和发展前景。
二、构建知识图谱的各个环节1.知识抽取知识抽取是构建知识图谱的第一步。
从多个源中获取大量的语义信息，将其抽取为闫技术化的形式。
通过深度挖掘文本、图片、视频等资源，获得各种实体、属性、关系等信息。
2.实体链接实体链接是指将文本中涉及到的实体与知识图谱中的实体相连，为实体的语义描述进行深度扩展和补充。
通常需要使用 NER（命名实体识别）算法对文本进行分析，将其中的实体进行识别和标注。
之后将实体通过特定的算法与知识图谱中现有的实体相进行相关联。
3.关系抽取关系抽取是指从多种数据资源中抽取出各种实体之间的关联关系，将关系的语义转换为计算机可识别的格式，并与知识图谱中现有的实体相链接。
关系抽取技术通常采用基于规则的技术，和基于机器学习的技术。
三、应用场景1.智能问答随着知识图谱的发展，其信息量逐渐丰富，可以通过智能问答系统实现用户信息的精准查询。
用户可以通过输入询问，从而得到想要的结果。
智能问答的设计过程中，需要构建一套简单易用、高效精准的查询方式。
同时还需要建立参数化语言模型，并通过数据挖掘与机器学习的技术优化线上的搜索系统。
2.商业应用知识图谱为企业提供了更精准的数据服务。
通过对用户提供满意度、行为数据等信息的分析，企业可以对用户的需求进行深度分析，为未来提供更好的服务方向和策略。
3.智能客服对于大型企业而言，通常需要为用户提供在线的客服服务。
但普通的客服系统往往无法给出恰当而统一的答案，而知识图谱很好地解决了这一问题。
企业可以利用这一技术来整合客户服务的信息资源，构建智能客服系统。
在客户咨询的过程中，客服系统可以提供标准的答案，从而提高服务质量并提升企业形象。
四、发展趋势1.跨行业发展在人工智能和大数据这两个行业的飞速发展下，知识图谱技术的应用范围和影响力也会不断扩大。
中西方餐桌礼仪英文-16页PPT精选文档
5) Helping Yourself and Refusing If a servant passes food around, he will pass the dish in at your left hand so that you can conveniently serve yourself with your right hand. Never serve yourself while the dish is on your right; it is then the turn of your neighbor on the right. It is polite to take some of everything that is passed to you. But if there is something you may not like, you may quietly say: "No thank you.“
on the fork in this position with the knife.
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Talk with your mouth full
满口食物时讲话
Chew with your mouth opened
咬食物时把嘴巴张开
•喝汤时,用汤匙一小口一小口地喝，不宜把碗端到嘴边喝， 汤太热时不要一边吹一边喝，等凉了以后再喝。有的人 吃饭喜欢用咀嚼食物.特别是使劲咀嚼脆食物，发出很清 晰的声音来.这种做法是不合礼仪要求的，特别是和众人 一起进餐时，就要尽量防止出现这种现象。
入座位置
In CHINA
客齐后导客入席，以左为上，视为 首席，相对首座为二座，首座之下 为三座，二座之下为四座。
IN WEST
一般说来，面对门的离门最远的那个座位是女主人的，与 之相对的是男主人的座位。女主人右手边的座位是第一主宾 席，一般是位先生；男主人右边的座位是第二主宾席、一般 是主宾的夫人。女主人左边的座位是第三主宾席，男主人的 左边的座位是第四主宾席。
如果要给客人或长辈 布菜.最好用公筷.也可以 把离客人或长辈远的菜肴 送到他们跟前,按我们中华 民族的习惯.菜是一个一个 往上端的.如果同桌有领导, 老人,客人的话.每当上来 一个新菜时就请他们先动 筷子.或着轮流请他们先动 筷子.以表示对他们的重视.
吃到鱼头,鱼刺,骨头 等物时,不要往外面吐, 也不要往地上仍.要慢慢 用手拿到自己的碟子里, 或放在紧靠自己餐桌边 或放在事先准备好的纸 上
上菜顺序
中方
①汤、菜 ②主食 ③餐酒 ④水果
西方 ①菜 ②水果 ③餐酒 ④主食 ⑤甜点 、咖啡
meal etiquette
中方 筵席中暂时 停餐，可以 把筷子直搁 在碟子或者 调羹上。如 果将筷子横 搁在碟子上， 那是表示酒 醉饭饱不再 进膳了。
In China
Lay … on…
Put up the bowl Don't stick the chopsticks upright in the bowl.
DON’T
Slurp when drinking soup or eating noodles
喝汤和吃面条时发出声音
Keep the spoon inside the bowl or cup
擦鼻子
餐巾有分正反面，通常有 印该店LOGO的为正面，要 用反折的内侧来擦，擦完 盖在餐巾内侧不外露.
西方进餐礼仪
——餐巾篇
•暂时离席餐巾放哪里？
Place the napkin on the chair if you need to be excused.
。Байду номын сангаас
西方进餐礼仪
——餐巾篇
• 用餐完毕准备离席，餐巾应该放在哪里？
客人
主人
Thanks for your attention ！
西方进餐礼仪
——面包篇
•位置：
通常主菜未上桌前，服务生会先提供餐包，放的 位置一定是在主菜左侧，所以餐具左侧的面包是属于 你的，不要拿错。吃面包时，直接在面包盘上剥开、 涂抹奶油，否则离开面包盘，面包屑容易掉得满桌都 是，不易收拾。
西方进餐礼仪
——面包篇
•涂抹法：
Break the bread with your fingers into small piece small enough for one bite, butter it 用手指把面包一小块的撕开 来, 涂黄油
先长者入座,客人依次入座； • 入座时要从椅子左边进入，入座后不要动筷子，更不要弄 出什么响声来，也不要起身走动；如果有什么事要向主人打 招呼 。
•
YOU should have a good posture.
•入座后姿式端正，脚踏在本人座位下，不可任意伸 直，手肘不得靠桌缘， 或将手放在邻座椅背上。
西方进餐礼仪
——刀叉篇
•切法
使用刀子切食物，先将刀子轻轻推向前， 再用力拉回并向下切，这样就不会发出刺耳 声音了。
西方进餐礼仪
——刀叉篇
•叉法
西方进餐礼仪
------刀叉篇 • 主食该怎么切？
无论是香肠或排类，要切成 一口大小食用，由左至右切， 且要吃时再切。
• 吃到不好吃的东西或骨头， 该怎么办？
要适时地抽空和左右的人聊几句风 趣的话,以调和气氛.不要光着头吃饭, 不管别人,也不要狼吞虎咽地大吃一顿, 更不要贪杯. 最好不要在餐桌上剔牙.如果要剔 牙时,就要用餐巾或手挡住自己的嘴巴.
西方进餐礼仪
——餐巾篇
餐巾摊开应该放何处？
Unfold the napkin and fold it half before putting it on your lap
Do not butter the entire piece of bread at one time
不要把整块面包涂 上黄油
西方进餐礼仪
——喝汤篇
西方进餐礼仪
——酒杯篇
离席时的礼仪
中国篇：最后离席时.必须向主人表示感谢.或者就 此时邀请主人以后到自己家做客,以示回敬。
谢谢您的热情招待， 欢迎您及家人有空到 我家做客。
将骨头吐到餐纸上，再将骨头 包覆在纸内，这样才不会带给主人 难堪。
西方进餐礼仪
——刀叉篇
•吃到中途离席，刀叉该如何放？
应该把刀叉朝八字型放置， 刀口朝内、叉齿朝下。
西方进餐礼仪
——刀叉篇
•吃完后，刀叉该如何放？
左：应放在四点钟位置。 右：应将刀叉重迭，这样方便服务生 收时，不至于因为刀叉碰撞而发 出声响，或是刀叉掉落的意外。
中西方餐桌礼仪
TABLE MANNERS
1 入座的礼仪 table etiquette 2 进餐时的礼仪 meal etiquette 3 离席时的礼仪 when asked the etiquette
table etiquette
•Make the elders have a sit first
西方进餐礼仪
——餐巾篇
• 餐巾万一不小心滑下去怎么办？
西方进餐礼仪
——餐巾篇
• 想擦嘴时该怎么办？ 错误：用纸巾擦。 正确：Use the napkin to gently wipe your mouth. Don’t blow your nose into your napkin 餐巾只用作轻擦嘴边。不可用来
After completion, place the soiled napkin at the left of your place setting用餐完毕, 把用过的餐巾放 在摆设的左手边
西方进餐礼仪
——刀叉篇
•刀叉该如何拿？
•刀叉的使用，应该 右手持刀，左手持 叉，使用时叉齿朝 下，以拇指与中指 握住刀叉柄、食指 下压控制力道。