专升本 新编旅游英语 武汉大学出版社

Unit 2 People in China 识记与理解：汉字的六种类型， 汉字及汉语的特点
汉字的六种类型: Chinese linguists divide characters into six groups according to their composition. The first group is the pictogram, which is a stylized picture of what it represents. The second group, the ideograph represents its object in abstract terms. The third group, the compound ideogram is a combination of tw or more ideograms to denote an idea or object. The fourth group, the phonogram is a combination of a meaning element and phonetic element. The other two groups are the phonetic loan and derivative character. 汉字及汉语的特点: Chinese characters are made up of many strokes. It is impossible to determine each character's sound simply by looking at it. Chinese gramma is much simpler than the grammars of European languages. Chinese, like English, is always a subject-verb-object language. And the numbers of Chinese characters has been growing continuously. In 1958, we adopted a system known as pinyin as a methd of writing our language using the Roman alphabet. Chinese has four tones(high level, rising, falling-
中国主要的自然与历史文化特色: China's diversity of ecosystems supports an equivalent range of flora: the tropical forests of South China; the desert and steppe vegetation of north-western China; the taiga coniferous forests of the border areas adjoining Russia; and the mangrove swamps along the shores of the South China Sea. China has a history of five thousand years. It is reputed as the single oldest uninterrupted civilization in the world. It has the richest hstorical records. The richness of Chinese culture also finds expression in its diversity and pluralism. China has always been a country of many ethnic groups. Her various peoples always could live under the same roof. All these peoples have their own legacies, but they share the same legacy as well. They form the Chinese nation.
Unit 1 China 识记：中国主要的各级行政区、 地形、气候带类型、特色文化资源等 的英语词汇及表达 理解与应用：中国主要的自然与 历史文化特色
中国主要的各级行政区: The administrative divisions of China are as follows: The country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government Provinses and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities. Municipalities under the central government and other large cities are divided into counties, autnomous counties, and cities. All autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties are autonomous areas of ethnic groups. 地形: China's topography varies from mountainous regions with towering peaks to flat, featureless plains. The land surface, a bit like a staircase descending from west to east. Tibet is refered to as the "Roof of the World". Mt.Everest, know to ther Chinese as Qomolangma Feng, lies on the China-Nepal border. 气候带类型: Climate conditios ranging from tropical, subtropical, the temperate and cool- temperate vary greatly over China's vast land area, but the country for the most part lies in temperate zone. 特色文化资源: China is not the home of Buddgism, but she boasts of the richest Buddhist scriptures. Buddhism claims the most followers of any religion in China. There are the four sacred peaks of Buddhism: Wutai in Shanxi, Emei in Sichuan, Jiuhua in Anhui, and Putuo in Zhejiang Province.
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Unit 3 Realities of Modern China 理解：目前中国与其他国家 相比在产品生产方面的优劣势
目前中国与其他国家相比在产品生产方面的优劣势: 优势：China dosen't at present have same economic problems like Japan, South Korea and Singapore. The yuan is not so strong and so Chinese gods are not particularly expensive on foreign markets. Chinese salaries are not so high but people can afford to buy good Chinse products. In China at present, it is a buyer's market. China is now fast becoming a powerful nation in the field of new and high technology. Its new instruction programms and modern machinery in its factories are beginning to make a difference. 劣势：The one technical area where China still falls behind its neighbors is in the area of design. Many things made in China work just as well and have just as long a working life as similar things made in developed countries. But they ofte don't look as good.
Unit 4 Chinese Cuisine 识记与理解：中国饮食以谷物 为主食的特点、阴阳调和观念在中 餐饮食中的体现；解释中国五种主 要茶叶类型 应用：介绍中国四大菜系，介 绍饮茶的好处
中国饮食以谷物为主食的特点: The principle tha a proper meal is based around the staple grain dates back at least to the ShangDynasty and remains fundamental to Chinese cuisine wherever it is found. 阴阳调和观念在中餐饮食中的体现: Yin and Yang are applied in everyday life. Most vegetables and fruits are Yin foods, generally moist or soft, and are meant tohave a cooling effect, nurturing the feminine aspect of our nature. Yang foods- fried, spicy or with red meat- are warming and nourish the masculine side of our nature. Any meal should not only harmonize a variety of tastes, but also provide a balance between cooling and warming foods. 解释中国五种主要茶叶类型: Tea from China falls into five major categories: black tea, jasmine tea, Wulong tea, green tea, and brick tea. Firing teleaves to dry them makes green tea. Black tea needs fermentation- often a natural sort of fermentation. Jasmine tea is a mixture of dried tealeaves and jasmine flowers. Wulong tea is a half-fermented tea. Brick tea due to