1. 冠词

冠词
冠词分为不定冠词(a, an )和定冠词(the)
一、不定冠词的用法
1) 用与可数名词的单数形式前，指人或事物的某一种类：
She is a girl.
Pass me an apple, please.
2) 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物：
A Mr. Smith is waiting for you
I think it difficult to master a foreign language.
3) 用于某些固定的词组中：
a few, a little, a lot of
注: 用a 还是an, 要看后面的词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头.
e.g. Don't talk to Simon like that. He is only ____ eleven-year-old boy.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. 不填
二、定冠词的用法
1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)物：the photo of the boy
2) 指双方都知道的人或物：
—Where are the new books, Jim?
—They are on the small table.
3) 指上文提过的人或物：
Today he is making a machine. He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane.
4) 用在世界上独一无二的事物前：
The sun is bigger than the moon.
5) 用在序数词或形容词最高级前：
The first truck is carrying a few baskets.
The third one is carrying the fewest of all.
6) 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前以及江河、海洋、山脉、群岛等名词前：
the United Nations联合国the Middle Ages中世纪
the Qing Dynasty清朝
the Pacific太平洋the Himalayas喜马拉雅山
7) 用在表示方位或乐器的名词前：
the east东方the southwest西南
the piano／guitar 钢琴／吉它
8) 用在某些形容词或过去分词前，使之名词化，用以表示一类人或事物：
the poor穷人the rich富人the young年青人
the living活着的人the wounded伤员
9) 用于姓氏的复数前，表示“夫妇二人”或“全家”：
The Greens live a happy life．格林家过着幸福的生活。

10) 用在年份的复数名词前，指世纪的某个年代：
in the 1980s／1980's 在二十世纪八十年代
in the middle of the 80s／80’s在八十年代中期
比较：in one's eighties 在某人八十几岁时
11) 用在一些习惯用语中：
in the morning (afternoon, evening)
on the left (right)
at the end of
三、不用冠词的情况
1）名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any 等代词：The letter is in her pocket.
I think the shop is closed at this time of day.
3）复数名词表示一类人或事物时：
My father and mother are teachers.
I like cakes.
4）在星期、月份、季节、节日前：
It is Sunday (Monday, Tuesday, etc.)
Today is Mid-Autumn Day.
It is cold in winter.
5）在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前：
Uncle Wang likes making things.
What colour a re Mrs Green’s shoes?
6）在三餐饭和球类运动的名称前：
He went to school after breakfast.
Can you play basketball?
注：如三餐前后有形容词或从句、短语等修饰时，应加冠词。

We had a good dinner at Mr.Zhangs yesterday evening.
昨天晚上我们在张先生家吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。

How did you like the dinner Mr. Jack gave us? 你认为杰克先生给我们吃的晚餐怎么样？
注：在某些固定词组中，如：at home, by bus, go to school 等的名词前不用冠词。

举一反三，学的更轻松
1. ____ milk is food. ____ milk in this cup has gone bad.
2. --- Do you like playing ____ football?
--- Yes. But I only have ____ basketball.
3. Do you know ____ girl on ____ another side of _____ lake?
4. There’s ____ “u” and ____ “s” in ____ word “use”.
5. She says ____ animals cant’s live without ____ air, either.
6. His father, who is ____ honest man, is teaching in ____ university.
7. Which is heavier, ____ elephant or ____ horse?
8. ____ cold wind was blowing from the north.
9. He is always ready to help ____ old and ____ young.
10. ____ Greens are traveling in ____ South China.
11. Although ____ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink ____ most are _____ least healthy.
12.Xiaomei saw _____ interesting film last night. ____ film was about ____ kind doctor.
13. You can have ____ second try if you fail ____ first time.
14. Tom went to ____ school as usual, but he didn’t know his father went to ____ school for a parent meeting.
15. --- Mum, what shall we have for ____dinner?
--- Dumplings.
--- Oh, what ____ wonderful dinner! I enjoy it very much.
解析：１．/, the (milk 是物质名词，一般不用冠词，但后面加上一个定语in the cup 后，使其成为特指，所以需要用定冠词the.)
2. / , the (球类运动前不用the ; 指一个物体要用不定冠词a )
3. the,/, the ( 特指这个女孩用the;名词前已有定语another;)
4. a, an, the (“u” 发音以辅音开头所以用a;“s” 发音以元音开头所以用an; 特指这个单词用the)
5. /,/ (泛指动物所以不用任何冠词; air 不可数名词，其前一般不用冠词)
6. an, the ( honest 发音以元音开头，故用an, 在大学里为in the university)
7. an, a 或the ,the ( 不定冠词a , an 和定冠词the与名词单数连用表示种类)
8. a (物质名词coffee, food, tea, fog, rain, snow, wind等，在表示“一种”或“一场”的意义时，前面要加不定冠词。

9. the, the ( 形容词前加定冠词，表示一类人)
10. The ,/ ( 姓氏的复数前加定冠词the 表示一家人；在华南是in South China)
11. /, the, the ( most当大多数讲时前面不用the；后两空均为形容词的最高级，前面要加the)
12. a, the, a ( 第一空和第三空都指一个事物，第二空是特指前面提到的电影)
13. a, the (a second try 指的是第二次)
14. /, the (go to school 去上学，go to the school 去那所学校)
15. /,a。