Unit 20：Image&Video
bufferedimage width height单位
bufferedimage width height单位【原创实用版】目录1.介绍 BufferedImage 类的概念和作用2.讲解 BufferedImage 的宽度和高度属性3.解释单位属性4.展示如何创建和设置 BufferedImage 的宽度、高度和单位属性5.总结 BufferedImage 在图像处理中的应用正文一、BufferedImage 类的概念和作用在 Java 的图像处理中，BufferedImage 类是一个非常重要的类。
它是 Java AWT（Abstract Window Toolkit）图像处理包中的一个类，用于表示一种可绘制的图像。
BufferedImage 可以看作是一个具有特定宽度和高度的图像容器，可以存储和操作图像数据。
它提供了许多方法，如绘制线条、矩形、多边形、文本以及图像缩放、裁剪、旋转等操作。
二、BufferedImage 的宽度和高度属性BufferedImage 类具有两个重要的属性：width 和 height。
这两个属性分别表示图像的宽度和高度。
它们都是整数类型，单位为像素。
width 属性表示图像的宽度，即图像从左到右的像素数量。
height 属性表示图像的高度，即图像从上到下的像素数量。
这两个属性共同确定了图像的大小。
三、单位属性除了宽度和高度属性之外，BufferedImage 还具有一个单位属性。
单位属性表示图像的像素大小，通常使用英寸或者像素为单位。
在创建BufferedImage 对象时，需要指定单位属性。
单位属性的取值范围是 1 到4，分别表示 1/1、2/1、3/1 和 4/1 的像素比例。
四、创建和设置 BufferedImage 的宽度、高度和单位属性要创建一个 BufferedImage 对象，可以使用 BufferedImage 类的构造函数。
例如：```javaBufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height，单位);```在这个构造函数中，width 和 height 分别表示图像的宽度和高度，单位表示图像的像素大小。
LG商业空调产品介绍说明书
For Egypt MarketLG SMART INVERTER COMMERCIAL AIR CONDITIONERHigh Efficiency and Long Pipe with Inverter T echnologyThe advanced technologies of LG achieve high efficiency even in harsh conditionLG Electronics/global/business /global https:///Distributed byNotes1. ● : Standard Applied, ○ : Accessory, X : Not applied※ Accessory : Ordered and purchased separately the accessory package referring to the model name provided and install at field.Accessory line-ups varies by region, so check your local catalogue or local sales material.2. Some functions can be limited by remote controller .3. In case of ducted type indoor units using the wireless remote controller , it needs to connect the wired remote controller for received the signal of that.4. * : These functions need to connect the wired remote controller .** : Indoor fan motor starts considering the evaporator temperature under the heating mode operation.*** : This is a function that automatically changing the cooling and heating mode to maintain the indoor temperature with target temperature ±2℃FUNCTIONLINE-UPABUW18GM1T2ABUW24GM1T2ABUW30GM2T2ABUW36GM3T2ABUW42GM3T2ABUW48GM3T2ABUW60GM3T2ABNW18GM1T2ABNW24GM1T2ABNW30GM2T2ABNW36GM3T2ABNW42GM3T2ABNW48GM3T2ABNW60GM3T21,250 x 270 x 7001,250 x 360 x 7001,250 x 360 x 7001,250 x 360 x 7001,250 x 360 x 70042.342.342.3ABUW24GM1E4ABUW30GM1E4ABUW36GM2E4ABNW24GM1E4ABNW30GM1E4ABNW36GM2E41,250 x 270 x 700PremiumStandardCEILING CONCEALED DUCTGold Fin TMThe gold-colored special coating on the fin of the heat exchanger prevents corrosion, extending the life of the unit.HIGHLY CORROSION RESISTANT HEAT EXCHANGERGold Fin TMConventional Fin In the GCC country, we are suffering from heat wave.The temperature shown below is the long-term average for the location, that is TMY Data.For continuous cooling, LG Smart Inverter is able to operate at high and low ambient temperature.WIDE OPERATION RANGE※ TMY : Typical Meteorological Year ※ Weather data source : EnergyPlus weather data, https:///weather/sourceThe air temperature on the roof isnormally around 5°C above the ambient temperatureEgypt(Ambient Temp.)43.0°CReinforced voltage and current regulation circuit design makes system possible to operate in harsh operating conditions (surge protection, high and low voltage endurance)HIGH AND LOW VOLTAGE PROTECTIONConstantLG InverterOver Voltage Detection -●Low Voltage Detection -●CT (Current transformer) Current Limit On/Off Only ●Inverter Control without StoppingDC Peak Detection Not Necessary●N Phase Reverse wiring (3 Phase Only)-●Missing Phase Detection (3 Phase Only)-●Heat Sink Temperature SensorCT Sensor(Current Detect)Voltage SensingLG Models have high EER comparing to GCC country standards.And each year, the standard organization tests LG Product with sampling and confirms the results.SUPERIOR EFFICIENCY FOR GCC COUNTRY※ SASO : Saudi Arabian Standards Organization, EER : Energy Efficiency RatioT1 condition (T emperature) : 27 / 35 ℃ (Indoor / Outdoor), T3 condition (T emperature) : 29 / 46 ℃ (Indoor / Outdoor)※ Specifications of EER may vary for each model. The EER is based on the Specification.UAE ESMAT1T3-8.111.58.2811.58.2811.88.312.48.7Qatar QS Baharin EWA Saudi SASO LGBENEFIT OF PARTIAL LOAD PERFORMANCESUPERIOR EFFICIENCY AND PAYBACKEER(Energy Efficiency Ratio)=Cooling Capacity Power InputLG Twin Rotary Inverter Compressor is more stable and simpler than constant compressor.LG TWIN ROTARY INVERTERIf you purchase the LG smart inverter , you can payback your investment cost after 13 to 21 months because their superior efficiency.Surface CoatingSurface coating of outstanding abrasion resistance property on vane and crank shaft.Concentrated Winding MotorOil path area is improved by over 50% by increasing the extra stator cavity. Due to this, caloric value of motor is reduced, improving the cooling function of stator coil.Twin Rotary RotorUpper and lower part rotor offset imbalance in shaft rotor rotation. Vibration and noise are reduced. Max torque load decreased by 45%compared to single rotor.Suction OptimizationReduced suction loss and improving oil collection through the optimization of suction path.Flow OptimizationReduced oil inflow by increasing the length of oil discharge pipe, which prevents more oil from leaving the compressor and prevent abrasion.Constant Speed CompressorWasting EnergyWasting Energy Less Cooling LG Smart Inverter CompressorEnergy SavingEnergy Saving More Cooling T e m p e r a t u r e (°C )E l e c .C o n s u m p t i o n (W )Constant Speed Compressor Outdoor Temp.Rated Power InputInverter CompressorTime (Hr.)Low Low123456789101112131415161718192021222324Middle MiddleHighHighNo.Category Details 1Eng. Tool Payback App.2Setting Temp.243Operating Time 24Hours 4Operating Month May ~ Oct 5Electicity Fee1.5 EGP/kWhCapacity Efficiency PaybackkBtu/h kBtu/W Period Saving %1812.41Y 9M 572412.41Y 1M 593012.41Y 5M 553612.31Y 7M 524212.451Y 3M 544812.351Y 1M 596012.11Y 1M 58ConditionResult24K 36KwPI 485 Gateway = 32 Models= 32 Models# 1 Channel# 2 Channel※ ※ PC based LGMV Flexible Air FlowConnectable duct length is longer than current MAXIMIZED E.S.P At the same condition, the inverter reaches the set temperature about 30% faster than the constant speed.Time (min)LG Smart inverter provide powerful cooling capacity by auto detection of pipe length.POWER COOLING AT THE LONG PIPEemperature : 27 / 35°C (Indoor / Outdoor) ※ This result can be different depending on actual environment.202530Indoor DischargeIndoor Discharge: 16°C9F0Fⅹ10SPECIFICATIONDUCT PREMIUM HEAT PUMPDUCT STANDARD HEAT PUMPNotes- T1 : Indoor 27°C (80.6°F) DB / 19°C (66.2°F) WB, Outdoor 35°C (95°F) DB / 24°C (75.2°F) WB- T2 : Indoor 29°C (84.2°F) DB / 19°C (66.2°F) WB, Outdoor 46°C (114.8°F) DB / 24°C (75.2°F) WB - H1 : Indoor 20°C (68.0°F) DB / 15°C (59.0°F) WB, Outdoor 7°C (44.6°F) DB / 6°C (42.8°F) WB Notes- T1 : Indoor 27°C (80.6°F) DB / 19°C (66.2°F) WB, Outdoor 35°C (95°F) DB / 24°C (75.2°F) WB- T2 : Indoor 29°C (84.2°F) DB / 19°C (66.2°F) WB, Outdoor 46°C (114.8°F) DB / 24°C (75.2°F) WB - H1 : Indoor 20°C (68.0°F) DB / 15°C (59.0°F) WB, Outdoor 7°C (44.6°F) DB / 6°C (42.8°F) WBKEY FEATUREFLOOR STANDINGSPECIFICATIONFLOOR STANDING HEAT PUMPNotes1. Due to our policy of innovation some specifications may be changed without notification.2. Wiring cable size must comply with the applicable local and national codes. And “Electric characteristics” chapter should be considered for electrical work and design. Especially the power cable and circuit breaker should be selected in accordance with that.3. Power factor could vary less than ±1% according to the operating conditions.4. Sound pressure level is measured on the rated condition in the anechoic rooms by ISO 3745 standard. Sound power level is measured on the rated condition in the reverberation rooms by ISO 3741 standard. Therefore, these values can be increased owing to ambient conditions during operation.5. Performances are based on the following conditions :• Applicable standard according to indoor type : Non Ducted - ISO 5151 / Ducted - ISO 13253• *Cooling : Indoor Ambient T emp. 27°CDB / 19°CWB, Outdoor Ambient T emp. 35°CDB / 24°CWB • **Cooling : Indoor Ambient T emp. 29°CDB / 19°CWB, Outdoor Ambient T emp. 46°CDB / 24°CWB • *Heating : Indoor Ambient T emp. 20°CDB / 15°CWB, Outdoor Ambient T emp. 7°CDB / 6°CWB • Interconnected Pipe is standard length and difference of Elevation (Outdoor ~ Indoor Unit) is 0m.6. This product contains Fluorinated greenhouse gases.Offering powerful cooling, the commercial air conditioning system can reach a set temperature in a shorter period of time. Meanwhile, the Power Heating function provides the optimal airflow angle, guaranteeing a faster heating performance.The new LG floor standing air conditioner is efficient for using in large areas due to its powerful cooling and heating operation. The powerful air speed and volume means the air flow can reach up to 20m away from theair conditioner.The new LG floor standing air conditioner is ideal for modern interiors in your office or restaurant.STYLISH DESIGNQUICK RESPONSEPOWERFUL AIR FLOW3324I n d o o r t e m p (°C )NewTimeConventional2412I n d o o r t e m p (°C )TimeCoolingHeating20m。
一种运动模糊参数估计算法
一种运动模糊参数估计算法沈瑜;任恩恩;党建武【摘要】运动模糊图像恢复的目的是根据估计出的运动模糊参数尽可能还原清晰图像.运动模糊图像的恢复依赖于对运动模糊参数(运动方向φ和运动长度L)的估计.本文通过分析运动模糊图像的点扩展函教,将频域与空间域的方法相结合,提出了一种改进的运动模糊参数的估计算法.该算法首先采用频域识别算法,利用Radon变换对运动方向Φ 进行估计；其次,根据估计出的角度Φ,对图像进行反向旋转,得到方向平行图像;最后,在空间域对平行图像采用自相关法估计运动长度.实验表明:该算法能在各种复杂情况下,准确地估计出运动模糊参数.%The purpose of the motion blurred image restoration is to recover the original images as clear as possible according to the estimated motion blur parameters. Restoration of motion blurred image is highly dependent on motion blur parameters estimation,such as motion length (L) and motion direction (Φ). After studying the nature of the degradation function and the point spread function (PSF).the paper presents an improved algorithm to estimate linear motion blur parameters. It originally uses frequency-domain identification method, where Radon transform is used to find motion direction in the frequency domain. After that,image compensation is used to get horizontal image according to the acquired motion direction.Finally,autocorrelation method is used to estimate the motion length in the spatial domain. The results show that this algorithm can accurately estimate the motion blur parameters for images in complex situations.【期刊名称】《兰州交通大学学报》【年(卷),期】2012(031)003【总页数】5页(P116-119,129)【关键词】运动模糊参数;点扩展函数;运动方向;运动长度【作者】沈瑜;任恩恩;党建武【作者单位】兰州交通大学电子与信息工程学院,甘肃兰州730070;兰州交通大学电子与信息工程学院,甘肃兰州730070;兰州交通大学电子与信息工程学院,甘肃兰州730070【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TP3910 引言运动模糊是退化图像最常见的模糊形式，运动模糊图像的恢复也是图像处理中一个重要的分支.图像获取设备与被捕获场景之间的相对运动是造成运动模糊的原因.图像恢复的目的就是根据图像退化的先验知识，即运动模糊图像的点扩展函数（PSF），找到相应的反过程来处理图像，从而尽量恢复出原始清晰图像.这类图像的恢复高度依赖于对运动模糊参数的估计，在估计出运动模糊参数后，选择适当的图像恢复算法对运动模糊图像进行还原.近年来国内外学者针对线性运动参数的估计已经做了大量研究.文献［1］提出了基于运动模糊图像功率倒谱的算法.文献［2］建议用自相关函数法计算运动长度.文献［3］在倒频域内使用Radon变换来搜索运动模糊参数.文献［4］在倒频域内使用图像梯度法得到运动模糊参数.本文提出了一种频域与时域的方法相结合的运动模糊参数估计算法，该算法首先采用频域识别算法，利用Radon变换对运动方向Φ进行估计；此后，根据估计出的角度Φ，对图像进行反向旋转，得到方向平行图像；最后，在空间域对平行图像采用自相关法估计运动长度.1 运动模糊参数估计1.1 运动方向估计运动方向是一个很重要的参数.如果运动方向已知，可以通过旋转图像，对运动方向进行反向补偿，将运动模糊方向旋转到水平方向，那么对应的点扩展函数也随之变为一维，大大降低了运动模糊图像恢复的难度.本文利用运动模糊图像的频域特性结合Radon变换的方法，对运动方向Φ进行估计.一幅运动模糊图像由于运动模糊和附加噪声可以形成退化，其退化函数可以表示为其中：＊表示卷积；f（x，y）表示原始（清晰）图像；g（x，y）表示观察到的退化图像；h（x，y）为退化模型即点扩展函数；n（x，y）为附加噪声.对滤波后的退化图像g（x，y）做FFT 可得［5］：其中是一个具有周期零点的函数［6］.因此，G（u，v）的频谱为垂直方向的平行条带.由于函数周期零点的存在，可知G（u，v）的频谱有一系列的平行暗条纹，这些暗条纹的位置与函数的零点对应.以实际运动方向Φ＝11°，实际运动长度L＝36上的运动模糊图像book为例，如图1a所示.图1a为a的频谱图，图1c是图1b变换后的网格图.图1 运动方向估计Fig.1 Motion direction estimation运动模糊图像的频域图的暗条纹呈直线状，条纹与运动方向垂直［1］.在运动方向上，低频成份主要集中于中心位置，呈现为一条主轴线，其幅值较大，两边的幅值呈周期性衰减，所得结果为投影变换，其主轴线处的积分值最大.对图像而言，Radon变换反映了图像在不同方向上的投影性质.因此，通过寻找最大的投影值及其对应的Radon变换角，即可确定运动模糊方向［7］.由于Radon变换用来计算指定方向上图像矩阵的投影，该投影即是在某一方向上的线积分.在本算法中，将暗条纹看成直线，用Radon变换求出这些暗条纹的位置和方向.由图1c可以看出投影方向与变换方向垂直.当投影方向上存在长直线，对应的Ra （x′）将取得极大值.利用这一性质，对G（u，v）的频谱图做0～180°的Radon 变换，取每个角度上Radon变换的极大值.画出由极大值形成的曲线，取曲线上最大值对应的角度即为所求的运动方向［8-9］.图1d为图1b经过Radon变换后形成的极大值曲线，其最大值在11°位置，说明运动角度为11°.该图像的实际运动方向Φ＝11°，计算的结果也为11°.由此，可见由此算法计算的结果准确.1.2 运动方向补偿根据已经求出的运动方向Φ＝11°，对以上图像进行反向旋转，得到运动方向平行图像，效果如图2所示.图2 运动方向补偿后平行图像Fig.2 Image in horizontal direction1.3 运动长度估计由公式（2）可推知匀速运动的PSF函数如下［10］：由此推出：如果一幅图像像素间是不相关的，则运动模糊后退化图像的自相关函数会在x＝0处取得最大值，在x＝±L处取得最小值.因此，通过测量退化图像自相关函数的最大值和最小值的距离就可以估计运动模糊参数.由于图像本身通常是相关的，因此利用自相关函数进行运动长度的估计分为5步：1）对运动方向平行的运动模糊图像（图2）进行分块（图3为分块后的其中一块图像）；2）对每块图像做差分（图4）；3）对每块图像分别求自相关函数；4）求各分块图像的自相关函数平均值，作为退化图像的差分自相关函数（图5）. 5）检测自相关函数最大值和最小值的距离，即为运动长度L.对运动模糊图像进行分块的目的，是为了提高运动参数检测的鲁棒性，减小误差.对分块图像做差分运算的目的是为了去除图像自身的相关性.用一阶差分在运动模糊方向上对图像去相关，则相当于退化图像g（x，y）跟差分方程D（x，y）卷积.若运动方向水平，则D（x，y）＝［1，1］，差分处理后的图像用表示：M（x，y）＝g（x，y）＊D（x，y）＝其中：p（x，y）＝ H（x，y）＊D（x，y）.由于运动模糊是一维的，上述讨论可以简化到一维，不失一般性.由于运动方向补偿已经将运动方向旋转至水平状态，所以，有：求差分后的图像的自相关数组，用卷积可以表示为其中：f（x）＊f（－ x）是图像的自相关函数，p（x）＊p（－x）是运动模糊退化方程的差分自相关函数.当退化方程是矩形时，由公式（6）可知，运动长度L就是差分自相关函数最大值和最小值所在位置之差.对图5进行运动长度检测的结果为L＝36（见图5），与实际运动长度相符.图3 分块后的运动方向平行图像Fig.3 Image blocks in horizontal direction图4 差分图像Fig.4 Difference image2 仿真结果及分析为了验证本文算法对运动模糊参数估计的鲁棒性和精确性，采用不同的图像作为实验对象（其中，book、car为图像纹理较复杂的实际图像；camera-man、peppers为理想图像），运动方向在0°～180°之间取值，运动长度在0～50之间取值，得到的实验结果如表1和表2所示.图5 图像差分后的自相关函数Fig.5 Autocorrelation function graph of image difference表1 不同图像的运动角度估计结果（单位：°）Tab.1 The motion direction estimation results of different images（unit：°）Image book car cameraman peppers Actual Valueresult error result error result error result error 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 30 30 0 30 0 30 0 30 0 45 45 0 45 0 45 0 45 0 60 59 －1 60 0 60 0 60 0 90 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 120 120 0 119 －1 121 1 120 0 135 137 2 136 1 135 0 135 0 180 180 0 180 0 180 0 180 0表2 不同图像的运动长度估计结果（单位：像素）Tab.2 The motion length estimation results of different images（unit：pixel）Image book car cameraman peppers Actual Valueresult error result error result error result error 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 20 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 30 30 0 31 1 30 0 30 0 40 39 －1 40 0 40 0 40 0 50 50 0 50 0 50 0 50 0 60 60 0 59 －1 61 1 60 0 70 73 3 71 1 70 0 69 －180****0079－1 80 0通过表1和表2的实验数据可以看出，针对多种情况下的图像进行检测，包括大旋转角度和复杂纹理的极端情况，均取得了较好的仿真结果.图6 运动模糊图像及其复原结果Fig.6 The motion blur images and theirrecovered results为了验证该算法的准确性，计算出运动模糊参数后，运用维纳滤波法对原始的运动模糊图像进行恢复，将其复原图像与原始图像进行对比的结果如图6所示.其中，图6a和图6b为实际拍摄的运动模糊图像；图6c和图6d图为理想清晰图像加运动模糊后的图像.图6e，图6f，图6g，图6h分别为图图6a，图6b，图6c，图6d的复原图.从图中可以恢复出的图像的效果比较理想.3 结束语本论文提出了一种频域和空间域相结合的运动模糊参数估计算法.实验表明，针对于大旋转角度和复杂纹理的极端情况，本算法能准确地估计出运动模糊参数.但该算法对噪声图像的运动模糊情况还需要进一步研究.【相关文献】［1］ Cannon M.Blind deconvolution of spatially invariant image blurs with phase［C］／／IEEE Trans.Acoust.Speech Signal Process，1976，24（1）：58-63.［2］ Yitzhaky Y，Kopeika.N.S.Identification of blur parameters from motion blurred images ［J］.Graphical models and image processing，1997，59（5）：310－320. ［3］ Lokhande R，Arya.K.V，Gupta.P.Identification of parameters and restoration of motion blurred images［C］.prov.of ACM symposium on applied computing，2006：301－305.［4］ Ji H，Liu C Q.Motion blur identification from image gradient［C］.Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.IEEE，2008：1－8.［5］ Li Q，Yoshida Y.Parameter estimation and restoration for motion blurred images ［C］.IEICE Trans.Fundam.1997：80－88.［6］ Mohsen Ebrahimi Moghaddam，Mansour Jamzad.Motion blur identification in noisy images using mathematical models and statistical measures［J］.Pattern Recongnition.2007，40（7）：1946－1957.［7］ Zhizhong Fu，Haiying Xian，Jin Xu，et al.Evaluation of motion blur parameter based on cepstrum domain of the intentional restored image［C］.ZCCP，2010：271－274.［8］ Hongwei Sun，Michel Desvignes，Yunhui Yan，et al.Motion blur parameters identification from Randon Transform Image Gradients［J］.Industrial Electronics，2009：2098－2103.［9］ Wei Wang，Jinjin Zheng，Xing Liu，et al.Adaptive detection method of degraded parameters in motion blur image［C］.Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery（FSKD），2011：2158－2162.［10］ Banham M R.Katsaggleos A K.Digital image restoration［C］／／IEEE Signal Process，1997，14（2）：24－41.。
使用 ImageEnView 给图片加水印,及建缩略图
使用ImageEnView 给图片加水印,及建缩略图{Power by hzqghost@}unit CutWater;interfaceusesMath,imageenview,SysUtils, Classes, Graphics;procedure CutImg(src,dest:string;width,height:Integer);//截图procedure Water(src,png:string);//水印implementationprocedure CutImg(src,dest:string;width,height:Integer);varImageEnView1:TImageEnView;Bigratio,ratio:Extended;ReTop,ReLeft,ReWidth,ReHeight:Integer;Blur:Extended;beginImageEnView1:=TImageEnView.Create(nil);ImageEnView1.IO.Bitmap.Canvas.Pen.Color := clWhite;ImageEnView1.IO.Bitmap.Canvas.Pen.Style := psSolid;ImageEnView1.IO.Bitmap.Canvas.Brush.Color := clWhite;ImageEnView1.IO.Bitmap.Canvas.Brush.Style := bsSolid;ImageEnView1.IO.LoadFromFileJpeg(src);ReWidth:=width;ReHeight:=height;if width>ImageEnView1.Bitmap.Width thenReWidth := ImageEnView1.Bitmap.Width;if height>ImageEnView1.Bitmap.height thenReHeight := ImageEnView1.Bitmap.height;Bigratio:=ImageEnView1.Bitmap.Width/ImageEnView1.Bitmap.Height;ratio:=ReWidth/ReHeight;if ratio > Bigratio thenbeginReWidth:=Round(ReHeight*Bigratio);end else if ratio < Bigratio then beginReHeight:=Round(ReWidth/Bigratio);end;if (width>ImageEnView1.Bitmap.Width) and (height>ImageEnView1.Bitmap.height) thenBlur:=0elseBlur:=(ImageEnView1.Bitmap.Width/ReWidth)/4+0.2;ImageEnView1.Proc.Blur(Blur);ReTop:=Round((height-ReHeight)/2);ReLeft:=Round((width-ReWidth)/2);ImageEnView1.IO.Bitmap.Canvas.StretchDraw(Rect(0, 0, ReWidth, ReHeight),ImageEnView1.Bitmap); ImageEnView1.Bitmap.Width :=width;ImageEnView1.Bitmap.Height :=height;if (ReLeft>0) or (ReTop>0) thenbeginImageEnView1.IO.Bitmap.Canvas.Draw(ReLeft,ReTop,ImageEnView1.Bitmap);ImageEnView1.IO.Bitmap.Canvas.Rectangle(0,0,width,ReTop);ImageEnView1.IO.Bitmap.Canvas.Rectangle(ReWidth+ReLeft,0,width,height);ImageEnView1.IO.Bitmap.Canvas.Rectangle(0,ReHeight+ReTop,width,height);ImageEnView1.IO.Bitmap.Canvas.Rectangle(0,0,ReLeft,height);end;ImageEnView1.IO.SaveToFileJpeg(dest);ImageEnView1.Free;end;procedure Water(src,png:string);varX,Y:Integer;ImageEnView1:TImageEnView;jpgWidth,jpgHeight:Integer;pngWidth,pngHeight:Integer;beginImageEnView1:=TImageEnView.Create(nil);ImageEnView1.IO.LoadFromFilePNG(png);pngWidth:=ImageEnView1.Bitmap.Width;pngHeight:=ImageEnView1.Bitmap.Height;yersAdd;ImageEnView1.IO.LoadFromFileJpeg(src);jpgWidth:=ImageEnView1.Bitmap.Width;jpgHeight:=ImageEnView1.Bitmap.Height;X := Round((ImageEnView1.Bitmap.Width-pngWidth) / 2);Y := Round((ImageEnView1.Bitmap.Height-pngHeight) / 2); yers[0].PosX := X;yers[0].PosY := Y;yersMerge(1, 0);ImageEnView1.Bitmap.Width:=jpgWidth;ImageEnView1.Bitmap.Height:=jpgHeight;ImageEnView1.IO.SaveToFileJpeg(src);ImageEnView1.Free;end;end.。
恋练有词Unit-11-20
Unit 11govern : 【vt.】统治；管理；支配；控制；影响形近词government (n.)政府governance（n.）统治方式，管理方法government-funded（adj.）政府拨款的self-governing（adj.）自我管理的同义词administrate（v.）管理词组be governed by：受约束，被控制近义词conduct （v.）引领，引导interpret【v.】解释，了解，认为形近词interpretation（n.）翻译；解释misinterpret（v.）曲解补充词汇define（v.）使明确，解释misinterpret（v.）指定，详述prove: 【v.】证明，证实；结果是；证明是；检验；考验；鉴定形近词improve （v.）提高；提升；改善；增进proverb （n.）谚语补充词汇show（v.）说明，表明，表现出（n.）（电视或广播）节目；秀近义词confirm（v.）证实，证明，确认return: 【v.】返回；回来；归来；回答【n.】回报；利润；收益［常用pl.］形近词returning（adj.）回头的overturn（v.）( 使) 翻转；推翻；撤销( 判决)；颠覆（n.）翻转；打翻；颠覆；废除词组in return for：作为......的回报industrial 【adj】工业的；产业的形近词industry（n.）产业；工业，行业；勤勉industrialized（adj.）工业化的industrialization（n.）工业化measure:【v.】量，测量；估量；衡量【n.】衡量；估量；尺寸；大小；[常pl.]措施，办法oppose:【v.】反对；反抗形近词opponent（n.）对手，敌手；反对者（adj.）对立的；敌对的词组be opposed to：反对....;背道而驰同义词repel (v.)排斥；击退deny (v.) 否认；否认与...有关系；不承认；抛弃counter(v.)反击；反驳imagine【v.】想象；设想；料想形近词image（n.）形象；化身imaging（n.）成像imaginary（adj.）虚构的；想象中的unimaginable（adj.）难以想象的imaginative（adj.）创造性的；爱想象的近义词dream （v.）梦想；想到；梦到picture（v.）想象，描写drop: 【v.】落下；下降；失落；放弃；终止【n.】滴，落下，微量词组drop by：顺道拜访drop out：退学；退出engage: 【v.】( 使) 从事于；( 使) 参加；( 使) 订婚；引起；吸引；聘用形近词engagement（n.）订婚，婚约；约会；约定；雇佣；参与词组engage in ：从事于；参加engage with：交战；与...接洽property: 【n.】财产；资产，所有物；性质；特性近义词asset（n.）有用的物（或人）；财富；资产；财产unemployment: 【n.】失业，失业人数形近词employ（v.）雇用；使从事于；使用employer（n.）雇主；老板employee（n.）雇员；员工employment（n.）雇用；工作；职业词组unemployment rate：失业率demonstrate: 【v.】论证；证明；显示；表明；示威游行respond: 【v.】回答；答复；响应；应对形近词responsible（adj.）负责的；有责任的；可靠的responsibility（n.）责任；职责corresponding（adj.）相当的，相应的；一致的；通信的correspendent（n.）（尤指专门报道某一类新闻的）记者；通讯员词组in respond to：作为回应in response to：对……做出反应afford: 【v.】负担得起；买得起；供给；给予；经得起；承受得起形近词unaffordable（adj.）负担不起的词组afford to：负担得起；承受得起complex:【adj.】复杂的；合成的；综合的【n.】复合体；综合建筑群形近词complexity（n.）复杂；复杂性；复杂的事物同义词perplexing（adj.）复杂的；令人不解的intricate （adj.）错综复杂的；难以理解的sophisticated （adj.）复杂的；深奥微妙的ensure: 【v.】确保；保证形近词assure （v.）向...保证；使...确信favor: 【v.】赞成；支持；偏爱；偏袒【n.】恩惠；帮助；同意；赞成；支持；偏爱；宠爱形近词favorite（adj.）最喜爱的；中移动；宠爱的（n.）幸运儿；喜欢的事物；热别喜欢的人favorable （adj.）有利的；良好的；赞成的；赞许的；讨人喜欢的unfavorable（adj.）不宜的；令人不快的；不喜欢的；不顺利的词组in favor of：有利于；支持，赞同novel: 【n.】长篇小说【adj.】新奇的；新颖的形近词novelty（n.）新奇性；新颖；新奇的事物requirement: 【n.】需求；要求；必要条件形近词require（v.）需求；要求；命令Unit 12dominate : 【v.】支配；控制；统治；占优势形近词dominant（adj.）支配的；主要的；统治的；占优势的；显性的domestic（adj.）国内的；本国的；家庭的；家里的predominance（n.）优势；主导或支配地位predominantly（adv.）支配地；主要地recruit【v.】招收；招募；征召；雇用【n.】新兵；新手；新成员priority: 【n.】优先事项；优先权；最重要的事；当务之急hence: 【adv.】从此；今后；因此neglect: 【v.】忽视；疏忽；疏漏；忽略形近词negative（adj.）负的；小于零的；负面的negotiate（v.）谈判；协商词组be neglectful of：不关注；不注意；忽视owe: 【v.】欠（钱）；欠（债）；应把...归功（于）词组owing to：由于；因为revenue【n.】收入；财政收入；税收同义词taxation（n.）课税；征税vote:【v.】投票；表决【n.】投票；选票；选票数形近词devoted（adj.）献身的；忠诚的词组election campaign：选举运动同义词ballot（n.）（无记名）投票；（无记名）选票（无记名）表决misery:【n.】痛苦；苦难；不幸词组be sorrowful of：伤心；悲伤同义词grief（n.）悲伤；悲痛routine【n.】日常事务；例行公事；惯例；常规【adj.】常规的；例行的形近词routinely （adv.）例行地；通常地词组circular bus route：循环巴士路线inevitable: 【adj.】不可避免的；必然发生的同义词unavoidable（adj.）不可避免的solve: 【v.】解决；解答形近词resolve（v.）决定；下定决心；（指委员会或集会）表决；解决（问题、疑问等）；分解；使分解为solution（n.）解决；解决方法；溶液commerce: 【n.】商业；贸易形近词commercialized（adj.）商业化的commercial（adj.）商业化的；商务的（n.）商业广告e-commerce（n.）电子商务circuit: 【n.】环道；（尤指工作时的）巡回；电路integrate: 【v.】( 使) 成为一体；( 使) 结合；( 使) 合并；( 使) 融入形近词integration（n.）结合；整合；一体化；混合；融合integrated（adj.）整体的；完全的；连成一体的；互相协调的disintegrate（v.）（使）破裂；（使）崩溃；（使）瓦解；（使）解体；词组integrate with：（使）与...结合在一起disorder: 【n.】( 身心机能的) 失调；不适；紊乱；疾病；杂乱；混乱形近词distort（v.）歪曲；扭曲；曲解；Unit 13highly: 【adv.】极其，非常；极为( 赞许)；( 评价) 高地同义词extremely（adv.）极端地；非常exceedingly （adv.）非常；极其notice【v.】注意到；注意【n.】通知；通告；布告；注意；认识词组at / on short notice：在短时间内，立刻take notice of：注意到同义词advertisement n. 广告；宣传；公告近义词detect v. 发现；查出；测出；觉察；发觉obtain: 【v.】获得；得到形近词obtainable（adj.）可获得的；可取得的同义词gain（v.）获得；赢得近义词derive（v.）获得；取得；得到；( 使）起源于；( 使) 来自characterize: 【v.】使具有特点；描述词组be characterized by ：被描述为……；具有……的特征词组portray （v.）描绘；描述depict （v.）描绘；描述decline【v.】衰落；下降；下倾；倾斜【n.】下降；下倾；衰落；拒绝；谢绝词组on the decline：在衰退中近义词descend v. 下来；下降；降低身份；沦落；( 大批人) 突然到来，突然造访decrease v. 减少；减小former:【adj.】先前的，从前的；前者；前一个【pron.】两者之间的前者；形近词form（n.）形式；形状；外形；方式；（v.）形成；组成；排列；组织；产生；塑造formal（adj.）正式的；规范的；( 服饰)；适合正式场合的；整齐的；规矩的；( 通常指学校教育) 正规的（n.）须穿礼服的舞会；晚礼服形近词formula（n.）原则；规则；方案；方法；公式，方程式；perform（v.）做；执行；表演performer（n.）演出者；表演者；表现……的人performance（n）执行；履行；表演；行为；业绩；性能形近词performative（adj.）表述行为的formation （n.）形成；养成；创建；创造；编队；列队reformatory（adj.）起改革作用的；感化的（n.）( 少年犯) 管教所informed （adj.）了解情况的；见多识广的informative（adj.）提供情报的；增长见闻的；增长知识的informally （adv.）非正式地；不拘礼节地conform（v.）符合；遵守；遵从；一致；相吻合；顺从conformity（n.）符合；一致；遵从；遵守nonconformist（n.）不墨守成规者；新教徒（adj.）不墨守成规的；不遵循主流思想的transformation（n.）转换；转变；变形；改革formulate（v.）系统阐述；明确表达；规划；策划；构想formulation（n.）(想法的) 阐述方式，表达方法；( 政策、计划等的) 制定；构想informativeness（n.）信息量uninformed （adj.）未被通知的；知识( 或信息) 贫乏的；未受教育的；不明情况的misinformation（n.）(常指有意提供的)假消息；错误信息；误报；错误信息uniformity（n.）一致( 性)；统一( 性)formidable（adj.）可怕的；令人敬畏的；艰难的；强大的同义词previous （adj.）先前的；以前的effective:【adj.】有效的；生效的；实际的形近词effect （n.）效果；结果；影响（v.）使发生；实现effectiveness（n.）有力；有效性effectively（adv.）有效地；生效地；有力地；实际上形近词ineffectual(n.) 无用的人；无一技之长者(adj.) 无效的，不起作用的；徒劳无益的ineffective(adj.) 无效的，不起作用的efficient (adj.) 效率高的；效能高的justify【v.】证明...是正当的；认为有理近义词testify (v.)证实；证明verify (v.)核实；证明confirm (v.)确认；证实affirm (v.)证实；确认lie: 【v.】躺；平放；位于【n.】谎话；谎言形近词dunderlie （v.）位于或存在于（某物）之下；构成……的基础(或起因)；引起underlying（adj.）潜在的；根本的；在下面的词组lie in：在于；位于lie with sb.：是某人的责任puzzle: 【v.】（使）困惑；( 使) 为难【n.】难题；谜；令人困惑的事物形近词puzzlement （n.）迷惑；困惑；谜；费解puzzled （adj.）困惑的；茫然的同义词confuse （v.）使困惑satisfy: 【v.】满足；使满意；说服形近词satisfied （adj.）感到满意的dissatisfied（adj.）不满意的；不愉快的；不高兴的dissatisfaction（n.）不满足；不满意；令人不满意的事物词组be satisfied with：对……满意be dissatisfied with：对……不满意近义词fulfill （v.）实现；履行(诺言等)；执行；完成；满足；使满意stock: 【n.】备料；库存；现货；股票；公债【v.】储存词组stock price：股价stock market：股市laughing stock：笑柄debate: 【n.】争论；争辩【v.】辩论；争论；思考近义词controversy （n.）辩论；争论dispute（n.）辩论；争端equal: 【n.】（地位）相当的人；对等的事物【v.】等于【adj.】同样的；相等的；平等的；胜任的形近词equally （adv.）相等地；平等地；同样地equate（v.）使相等；视为平等；等同于equality （n.）等同性；平等；同等形近词equivalent（adj.）等值的；相等的；等同的（n.）等同物；等值物；对应物frequently: 【adv.】常常；频繁地形近词frequent（v.）常到；时常出入于；常去（adj.）时常发生的；频繁的近义词repeatedly（adv.）反复地；重复地；再三地universal:【adj.】普遍的；全体的；通用的；宇宙的；世界的形近词universe （n.）宇宙；(思想等) 领域；星系universally （adv.）普遍地；到处；全体地university （n.）大学universalize（v.）使普遍化近义词overall（adj.）全面的；总体的（adv.）全面地；总地；总的说来（n.）工装裤；( 工作时穿的) 罩衣deprive: 【v.】夺去；使丧失emotion: 【n.】情绪；情感形近词emotional（adj.）表现强烈情感的；情绪激动的；情感上的；情绪上的同义词sentiment （n.）感情；情绪；情操近义词temper （n.）性情；脾气；特征mood （n.）心情；语气；气氛disposition （n.）性情；性格modify: 【v.】更改；修改；改造；修饰形近词mode （n.）方式；方法；( 艺术、着装等的) 风格；( 照相机、电子设备的)模式；状态modification（n.）修改；修正；改良同义词sentiment （n.）感情；情绪；情操近义词revise （v.）改变；修正amend （v.）改良；修改recast （v.）重塑；修改net: 【n.】网；网状物；因特网；罗网；束缚；净收入；净数【v.】用网捕；使落网【adj.】净数的；纯的形近词network（n.）网状物；广播网；( 人或机构组成的) 网络intranet （n.）内联网；企业内部网Internet-based（adj.）基于互联网的；以网际网路为基础的poetry: 【n.】诗歌；诗节形近词poet（n.）诗人philosopher: 【n.】哲学家；哲人形近词philosophy （n.）哲学；哲理；人生哲学；见解philosophical（adj.）哲学( 上) 的；冷静的remains: 【n.】剩余；残余；遗迹形近词remain （v.）保持；依然；留下；剩余；逗留；残存remaining（adj.）剩下的；剩余的balance: 【v.】( 使) 保持平衡；( 用天平) 称；使平衡【n.】天平；平衡；均衡形近词well-balanced（adj.）均衡的counterbalance（n.）起平衡作用的事物；平衡力；抵消因素词组level off：将……弄平；使平整break even：不盈不亏；够本同义词steady（adj.）稳定的；不变的stabilize（v.）( 使) 稳定；( 使)稳固Unit 14elite: 【n.】上层人士；掌权人物；实力集团；精英形近词elitism (n.) n. 精英主义；杰出人物统治论gradual 【adj.】逐渐的；逐步的entrepreneur: 【n.】企业家colony: 【n.】殖民地；( 某一类人的) 聚居地；聚居区形近词colonial(adj.) 殖民地的；殖民主义的；( 建筑或家具) 具有英属殖民地时期特色的；美洲殖民地时期的comply: 【v.】服从；遵守形近词complicate （v.）使难以理解；使复杂化complicated（adj.）复杂的；难懂的；难处理的contact 【n.】( 尤指经常性的) 联系；联络【v.】联系；联络形近词contest（n.）竞赛；比赛；( 权力或控制权的) 争夺；竞争（v.）争取赢得( 选举、比赛等)；角逐；争辩；对……提出异议补充词汇in contact with：和……联系；与……相关historian:【n.】历史学家inherit:【v.】继承( 金钱或财产)；经遗传获得( 特征、特质等)形近词inherent（adj.）固有的；内在的；生来就有的privilege:【n.】特权；优待【v.】给予……特权；特免形近词privileged（adj.）享有特权的；特殊的purchase: 【v.】买，购买【n.】购买的物品random: 【adj.】随机的；随意的；任意的【n.】随机；随意description:【n.】描述；形容；叙述；说明；种类；类型形近词describe（v.）描述；记述；形容；作图同义词definition（n.）定义；规定；明确picture （n.）描述；描绘；写照admit【v.】让……进入；接纳；承认形近词admission（n.）承认；入场费；进入许可；坦白adopt: 【v.】采用；采纳；通过；收养；吸收形近词adoptive（adj.）收养的；有收养关系的crucial: 【adj.】至关重要的；关键性的同义词essential（adj.）绝对必要的；至关重要的；基本的；本质的；根本的（n.）必需品；不可或缺之物key （adj.）关键的；主要的significant （adj.）重要的；有意义的decisive （adj.）决定性的近义词overriding （adj.）最重要的；高于一切的quote: 【v.】引用；援引【n.】引文形近词quotation（n.）引用；引证近义词cite（v.）引用；考证restore: 【v.】恢复；使复原；归还；交还；恢复；重建形近词restoration（n.）恢复；复位；归还同义词revive （v.）(使)复苏；(使)恢复；(使)再次流行；重新上演recover（v.）恢复；重新获得resume （v.）重新取得；恢复(职位)enable: 【v.】使能够；使成为可能；准许；许可形近词empower（v.）使能够；准许permit（v.）许可；准许同义词endeavor（n.）( 尤指新的或创造性事物的) 努力；尝试（v.）努力；尽力词组strive for：奋斗；争取同义词essay v. 尝试；试验external: 【adj.】外部的；外面的；外来的反义词internal（adj.）国内的；内部的agenda: 【n.】议事日程；目的；动同义词schedule （n.）时刻表；进度表；词组flexible schedule：弹性工作时间表cell: 【n.】细胞；小囚房；蜂房；电池clue: 【n.】线索；暗示context: 【n.】上下文；背景；环境；语境exert: 【v.】发挥；施加( 影响等)词组impose sth. on：对……施加……option: 【n.】选择；选择权；( 供) 选择的事物( 或人)；选课形近词optional (adj.) 可选择的；非强制opportunity(n.)机会；时机exception(n.)例外；除外permanent: 【adj.】永久的；持久的近义词durable (adj.)耐用的；持久的trait: 【n.】特征；特点；特性同义词attribute （n.）属性feature（n.）特征；特点peculiarity （n.）特性cater: 【v.】迎合；为……提供( 饮食及服务) 词组cater for：满足……的所有需求cater to：满足……的需求性capable: 【adj.】有能力的；能够……的Unit 15dependent: 【adj.】依靠的；依赖的；取决( 于……) 的；有赖( 于……) 的【n.】( 子女等) 受抚养者补充词汇independent (adj.) 独立自主的；不受约束的(n.)中立派；无党派者同义词reliant (adj.)依靠的；信赖的extreme【n.】极端；极度( 状态)【adj.】极度的；极端的；末端的；尽头的形近词extremely（adv.）极端地；很；非常地同义词ultimate（adj.）极端的；极度的；最后的；最重要的utmost （adj.）极度的；最大的radical（adj.）根本的；彻底的；激进的imply【v.】意指；含……的意思；暗指形近词simply（adv.）简朴地；浅显地；非常；极；简直同义词indicate（v.）表明；暗示infer（v.）推定；暗示exhibit【v.】展出，陈列；表现；显示；展示；表明形近词exhibition（n.）展览；展览会；展示，显示词组expose to：暴露于近义词array （n.）一大批；一大群；陈列；布置eventually: 【adv.】最终，终于；最后形近词prevent（v.）预防，防止；阻止；妨碍同义词finally（adv.）最后；终于ultimately（adv.）最后；最终label【v.】贴标签于……；标志；把……称为【n.】标签；标示；标记；称号；外号同义词tag （n.）标签词组brand （n.）商标，牌子designate （v.）标示；把……定名为；称呼；指定psychology: 【n.】心理学；心理typical: 【adj.】典型的；有代表性的；特有的；独特的形近词typically（adv.）有代表性地；典型地；通常；一般地近义词sample（n.）( 用于化验的) 取样，样本；样品；货样（adj.）作为代表或范例的various: 【adj.】各种各样的；不同的形近词vary （v.）不同；有差异；( 使)变化；改变varied （adj.）各种各样的variety （n.）多种多样；种类；变化；品种varying（adj.）不同的；多种多样的variable（adj.）可变的；易变的；多变的；变异的；畸变的（n.）变量；可变物；可变因素variation（n.）变化；变异；变种familiar【adj】熟悉的；通晓的；过分亲昵的形近词unfamiliar（adj.）不熟悉的；不常见的词组be familiar with：熟悉be proficient in：熟练；精通be adept at：擅长；精于近义词intimate （adj.）亲密的；亲近的；私下的；个人的（v.）暗示；提示shift:【v.】替换；转移；移动【n.】转移；转换；转变；轮班形近词downshift（v.）把排挡换至低速挡；放慢生活节奏（n.）换低速挡同义词transfer（v.）使转移；使调动alter（v.）改变；更改transform（v.）改变；变换nevertheless【conj.】然而；不过；尽管如此【adv.】仍然；不过；尽管如此同义词although （conj.）尽管；虽然radical:【adj.】基本的；重要的；根本的；彻底的；激进的；极端的形近词radically（adv.）根本地；彻底地；完全地；激进地；极端地sufficient: 【adj.】足够的；充分的近义词adequate（adj.）足够的；适当的affluent （adj.）富裕的；富足的abundant （adj.）大量的；充足的ample （adj.）足够的；充足的sufficient （adj.）足够的；充分的extent: 【n.】广度；宽度；长度；程度；限度；范围形近词extension（n.）延长；延期；扩大，扩展；伸展extend（v.）延伸；延长；扩大；推广；伸出；给予；对……估价extended（adj.）延伸的；扩展的；延长的；广大的extensive（adj.）广泛的；大量的；广阔的词组to some extent：在一定程度上；在某种程度上guarantee: 【n.】保证；担保【v.】保证形近词guaranteed（adj.）有保证的；有人担保的同义词pledge （n.）保证；誓言；诺言（v.）保证；保证给予；用……抵押；许诺expectation: 【n.】预期；期望；指望形近词expect（v.）期望；想要unexpected （adj.）想不到的；意外的expectancy （n.）期待；期望；预期数额( 如寿命等) 词组meet the expectation：达到预期respond: 【v.】回答；答复；响应；应对形近词responsible（adj.）负责的；有责任的；可靠的responsibility（n.）责任；职责corresponding（adj.）相当的，相应的；一致的；通信的correspendent（n.）（尤指专门报道某一类新闻的）记者；通讯员dim: 【adj.】( 光线) 昏暗的，暗淡的；( 地方) 昏暗的，阴暗的acceptance: 【n.】接受；赞同；忍受；容忍；承受cloth: 【v.】为……提供衣服形近词clothes （n.）衣服；服装lure: 【n.】诱惑力，魅力；诱饵【v.】诱惑；引诱；哄骗marine: 【adj.】海洋的；海产的；海运的；海事的【n.】水兵；海军陆战队士兵norm: 【n.】标准；规范；行为准则；通例；常规numerous: 【adj.】众多的；许多的形近词numerical（adj.）数字的；用数字表示的；数值的orchestra: 【n.】管弦乐队；( 剧院或音乐厅的) 正厅前排座位privacy: 【n.】隐私；独处；清静illusion: 【n.】错觉；幻想；假象形近词illustrate （v.）说明；表明；( 用例子、故事或图表) 说明pursue: 【v.】实行；执行；寻求；追求；追赶；追查形近词pursuit （n.）追求；寻求；追赶insist: 【v.】坚持；强调；坚决要求；坚决认为形近词insistence（n.）坚持；强调词组consist in/of：存在于……中同义词persist （v.）坚持；保持近义词persevere（v.）坚持不懈uphold （v.）支持；维持previous: 【adj.】早先的；以前的形近词previously（adv.）以前；先前同义词primary（adj.）首要的；主要的；最早的；原始的近义词primitive（adj.）原始的；发展水平低的prior（adj.）在先的；占先的release: 【v.】释放；解放；发表，发布；发行【n.】发表，发布同义词publish（v.）出版；发行deliver（v.）发表；递送announce（v.）宣布；述说remind: 【v.】提醒；使想起形近词reminder（n.）暗示；提醒的人/物；催单词组remind sb. of...:提醒( 某人)；使( 某人) 想起temporary: 【adj.】临时的；暂时的反义词chronic（adj.）(疾病、残疾)慢性的；长期的；难以根除的；习性难改的whereas: 【conj.】而，却；反之；鉴于形近词elsewhere（adv.）在别处；去别处wise: 【adj.】有智慧的，聪明的形近词otherwise（adv.）否则；不同地likewise（adv.）同样地，也wisely（adv.）聪明地；明智地；英明地近义词prudent（adj.）谨慎的；慎重的；精明的acknowledge: 【v.】承认；致谢；报偿；告知已收到形近词knowledge（n.）知识；学问；知道；认识；了解knowledgeable（adj.）知识渊博的；有知识的；有见识的；聪明的announce: 【v.】公告；通告；宣布；宣告形近词announcement（n.）公告；通告；宣布；宣告同义词declare（v.）宣布；声明claim （v）声称；断言（n.）声称；断言；主张；要求proclaim（v.）宣告，公布combine: 【v.】( 使) 结合，联合；( 使) 化合；同时具有；同时显示形近词combat （n.）战斗（v.）与……作斗争；打击词组combine with：与……联合同义词integrate（v.）使一体化；使整合merge （v.）( 使) 混合enormous: 【adj.】巨大的；庞大的Unit 16host【v.】主持( 节目、活动等)；作为主人组织【n.】主人；大量，许多；节目主持人形近词ghost (n.) 鬼；幽灵(v.) 为人代笔；替人代笔hostile(adj.) 敌对的；敌方的；敌意的hostility(n.) 敌意；敌对行为hostage(n.)人质；抵押品military: 【adj.】军用的，军事的；军队的词组military intelligence：军事情报同义词armed（adj.）武装的；使用武器的native 【adj.】本地的；本国的；( 能力或品质) 生来就有的【n.】本地人；本国人形近词alternative （adj.）供选择的；备选；替代的（n.）供替代的选择alternatively（adv.）要不然；或者procedure【n.】程序，手续；步骤词组working procedure：进行程序starting procedure：起动程序loading procedure：加载程序recommend: 【v.】劝告；建议；推荐；介绍形近词recommendation（n.）推荐；推荐信；建议；意见书同义词commend （v.）推荐；表扬master【v.】精通；掌握【n.】( 已故) 艺术大师；专家；能手；硕士学位；主人；雇主；老板【adj.】技术熟练的；母盘的形近词masterpiece （n.）杰作；代表作mastery（n.）精通；掌握；统治；控制词组be proficient in：熟练；精通be adept at：擅长be good at：擅长；精通pour: 【v.】倾倒；倒出；倾泻；( 人) 大量涌入形近词outpouring（n.）( 感情、反应等的) 迸发词组pour into：( 使) 大量涌入strengthen【v】加强；巩固形近词strength（n.）力量；力气；实力；长处；优点bury【v】程埋( 葬)，安葬；掩藏，隐藏；掩蔽词组bury one’s head in the sand：逃避现实，不愿面对现实celebrate【v.】庆祝；祝贺；歌颂；赞扬形近词celebrity n. ( 尤指娱乐界的) 名人；明星；( 尤指娱乐界的) 名声；名誉；名气crop:【n.】庄稼；作物；产量；( 在一起的) 一群( 人) 【v.】种植；收获；收割；修剪；剪短形近词crown（n.）王冠；皇冠；王国政府；王国（v.）为……加冕；立……为王(或女王)disaster: 【n.】灾难；灾祸同义词catastrophe （n.）大灾难；横祸orient: 【v.】定……的方位【n.】东方【adj.】东方的形近词oriented（adj.）导向的；以……为方向的prevail: 【v.】流行，盛行；取胜；占优势近义词reign （v.）统治；治理；占优势；盛行（n.）君主统治时期；君主的统治quest: 【v.】(长期艰难的) 搜寻；探求形近词request（v.）要求；请求（n.）请求；需要question（n.）问题，疑问；询问；疑问句（v.）询问；质疑；审问unquestioned（adj.）无可争议的；不容置疑的；公认的rear: 【v.】抚养，培养；栽种，培植；饲养；竖起，举起；高耸【adj.】后方的，后部的；背后的【n.】后部，尾部形近词rearing（n.）培养，抚养reap（v.）收割；收获；获得；取得specialize: 【v.】专攻；专门研究；专门从事词组specialize in：专攻；精通vulnerable: 【adj.】脆弱的；易受攻击的；易受伤害的；易受影响的同义词fragile （adj.）脆弱的；易碎的brittle （adj.）脆弱的；易碎的ambiguous: 【adj.】模棱两可的形近词unambiguous（adj.）明确的；不含糊的同义词obscure （adj.）朦胧的；费解的（v.）遮掩；遮蔽；使模糊不清opaque（adj.）不透明的；费解的近义词vague（adj.）模糊的；含糊的peak: 【n.】山顶；最高点；峰，山峰【adj.】高峰的；最高的【v.】达到顶点同义词paramount （adj.）至上的summit（n.）顶点；山顶climax （n.）顶点；高潮pension: 【n.】养老金；退休金；抚恤金形近词suspension（n.）暂停；停职近义词grant（n.）拨款；补助金subsidy（n.）补助金；津贴allowance（n.）津贴rage: 【n.】狂怒；盛怒；风靡一时形近词outrage（n.）暴行；愤怒（v.）激怒词组in a rage：愤怒同义词fury（n.）狂怒recipient: 【n.】接受者；领受人eliminate: 【v.】消除；根除；淘汰形近词elimination (n.)除去；消除；淘汰remote: 【adj.】远的；长久的；偏僻的；关系疏远的；渺茫的；微乎其微的同义词distant （adj.）遥远的；久远的；疏远的faraway（adj.）遥远的；远方的近义词farther （adv.）更远地；较远地(adj.) 更远的immune: 【adj.】有免疫力的；不受影响的；免除的词组immune to：不受……感染；对……免疫；不受……影响implement: 【v.】实施；履行【n.】工具；器具形近词implementation（n.）履行；实施trial: 【n.】审讯；审判；试验；试用【adj.】试验的dose: 【n.】( 药物等的) 一剂；一服；( 尤指数量很多的) 一份；一次；一点【v.】给……服药Unit 17expense【n.】花费；消费；消耗形近词expansion（n.）扩大；发展；扩张；扩充同义词cost （n.）花费；费用outlay（n.）花费；费用expenditure （n.）花费；支出desirable【adj.】值得拥有的；合意的；可取的；受欢迎的形近词desire（v.）渴望；想要（n.）愿望；欲望同义词advisable （adj.）可取的；适当的practically【adv.】实际上；实事求是地；几乎；简直形近词practicality （n.）可行性；实际性；实用性；实际情况词组practical experience：实践经验。
商务英语-Unit-1-参考答案
Unit 1 GlobalizationPart I Business VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. This part totals 20 points, one point for each sentence.1 There are too many examples in aviation and other _____ B _____ of what has happened to companies that have tried to do that.A sectionsB sectorsC segmentsD components2 It would not _______ A ________ earlier mistakes such as attempting to enter the train or boat-building business.A repeatB makeC recognizeD produce3 He is impressed, he says, by the way in which oil companies have ____ D _____ from losing national images.A obtainedB gotC reachedD benefited4 Royal Dutch/Shell is another group which manages to ______D_________ itselfas a local company in which it operates.A displayB exhibitC showD present5 When the Japanese tyre group Bridgestone entered the US market, it made an _________ C _______, buying the local production base of Firestone.A saleB purchaseC acquisitionD overpayment6 If a company wishes to enter the Chinese market, it usually looks for a local ________ D ________ who will cooperate in setting up a joint venture.A manB talentC managerD partner7 If you’re ______ C ______ don’t go to Oslo – it’s Europe’s most expensive city.A hardB hardyC hard upD hard down8 A survey has _______A_________ with some interesting information about the cost of living in our major cities.A come upB show upC put upD live up9 Meals at restaurants cost a _________ C ________ and drinks are very pricey.A expenseB priceC fortuneD fate10 Being kept waiting, being connected to voice mail or being passed on to someone else are all common ________ D _______.A flashesB firesC firecrackersD flashpoints11 Reasons for this are ________ B _________, according to Reed.A three piecesB threefoldC threeD triple12 Increasing numbers of transactions take place entirely by phone, from ___ D ____ insurance to paying bills.A doingB sellingC buyingD arranging13 As companies move towards ‘remote working’, the need for the right tone of voice _______ A _______ to every level of the organization.A extendsB stretchesC expandsD attaches14 However, globalization has brought problems in the compan y’s overseas plants, and this is having a bad ________ A _______ on its share prices.A effectB influenceC affectD consequence15 A journalist from the Eastern Economist Review suggested recently that the company could become the _______ B _______ of a takeover if it didn’t sort out its problems soon.A aimB targetC objectiveD purpose16 Although this helps to lower costs, the materials are often of poor quality. This has resulted in _______ C _______ orders.A placedB placingC cancelledD canceling17 Recently, a German distributor refused a D of 50,000 blouses.A dealB transactionC cargoD consignment18 When customers want last-minute changes to clothing, the plants cannot meet customers’ tight _______ D ______.A timesB periodsC datesD deadlines19 Its latest _______ B ______ were described by a famous fashion expert as ‘boring, behind the times and with no appeal to a fashion-conscious buyer’.A seriesB collectionsC sequencesD present20 Factory workers complain about their wages. They are often expected to work _______ C ________ without extra pay.A overB timeC overtimeD timelyPart II Phrase TranslationDirections: Directions: There are 20 Chinese phrases in this part. You are required to translate them into English and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, one point for each phrase.1 资本外逃fight of capital2 福利welfare benefits3 相互让步give-and-take4 国家形象national image5 航空航天公司aerospace company6 全球化公司global company7 就业问题employment problems8 生活水准living standard9 跨文化问题cross-cultural problems10 合资企业joint venture11 本地合伙人local partner12 许可协议licensing agreement13 通货膨胀率inflation rate14 市场调研market research15 远程办公remote working16 全球会议global conference17 股票价格share price18 顾客需求customers’ needs19 低价战略low-pricing strategy20 员工流动率staff turnoverPart III Sentence TranslationDirections: There are 10 sentences in this part. You are required to translate them into Chinese and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, two points for each sentence.1.There are too many examples in aviation and other sectors of what has happened to companies that have tried to do that.在航空业和其他行业中想要原地踏步而以失败告终的例子比比皆是2.People are much more likely to express anger over the phone, rather than in writing or face to face.和书信及面对面交流比起来，人们更容易在电话上发火。
三维设计英语试题及答案
三维设计英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is NOT a common 3D modeling software?A. AutoCADB. SketchUpC. PhotoshopD. Blender2. The process of creating a 3D model is known as:A. RenderingB. ModelingC. TexturingD. Lighting3. What does UV mapping refer to in 3D design?A. The process of applying colors to a 3D modelB. The process of mapping a 2D image onto a 3D modelC. The process of creating a wireframeD. The process of adding details to a 3D model4. Which of the following is NOT a type of 3D printing material?A. PLAB. ABSC. InkD. Resin5. In 3D animation, what does 'keyframe' mean?A. The starting point of an animationB. A point in time where an object's position is setC. The end point of an animationD. The speed at which an object moves6. What is the term for the process of making a 3D model appear more realistic by adding surface details?A. SmoothingB. SubdivisionC. DisplacementD. Extrusion7. Which of the following is a unit of measurement used in 3D design?A. PixelB. MeterC. KilogramD. Bit8. What does LOD stand for in 3D modeling?A. Level of DetailB. Line of DefenseC. Light of DayD. Long Overdue9. In 3D design, what is the purpose of a 'rig'?A. To create a skeleton for a characterB. To set the lighting of a sceneC. To define the camera's viewD. To apply textures to a model10. What is the term used to describe the process of converting a 3D model into a 2D image?A. ProjectionB. ExtrusionC. TexturingD. Rendering二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）11. The ________ is a tool in 3D modeling software that allows you to move objects around in the workspace.(答案: Move Tool)12. When creating a 3D model, the first step is usually to create a basic shape known as a ________.(答案: Primitive)13. The process of adding color and texture to a 3D model is called ________.(答案: Texturing)14. In animation, the ________ is the main character or object that the story revolves around.(答案: Protagonist)15. The ________ is the process of adjusting the camera angle and position to frame a scene.(答案: Camera Setup)16. To create a 3D model of a complex object, you may need to use a technique called ________.(答案: Boolean Operations)17. The ________ is the process of adding motion to a 3D model.(答案: Animation)18. In 3D printing, the ________ is the layer-by-layer process of building an object.(答案: Additive Manufacturing)19. The ________ is a tool in 3D modeling software that allows you to modify the shape of a model by dragging points. (答案: Sculpt Tool)20. When a 3D model is complete, it is often saved in a file format that ends with the extension ________.(答案: .obj)三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）21. Explain the difference between a 'polygon mesh' and a'NURBS' in 3D modeling.(答案: A polygon mesh is a collection of vertices, edges, and faces that form a 3D shape. It is commonly used in video games and animation. NURBS, on the other hand, stands for Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines and is a mathematical model used to create smooth, curved surfaces. It is often used in industrial design and automotive applications.)22. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a'real-time rendering' engine in 3D animation?(答案: Advantages of real-time rendering include theability to see the final product as you work, which can save time and provide immediate feedback. It is also computationally less intensive than pre-rendering. Disadvantages include potential limitations in visual quality compared to pre-rendered scenes, and the fact that it may。
Praktica BX 20 相机说明书
Praktica BX 20This camera manual library is for referenceand historical purposes, all rights reserved.This page is copyright by , M. Butkus, NJ.This page may not be sold or distributed withoutthe expressed permission of the producerI have no connection with any camera companyOn-line camera manual libraryIf you find this manual useful, how about a donation of $3 to: M. Butkus, 29 Lake Ave., High Bridge, NJ 08829-1701and send your e-mail address so I can thank you.Most other places would charge you $7.50 for a electronic copy or $18.00 for a hard to read Xerox copy.This will help me to continue to host this site,buy new manuals, and pay their shipping costs.It'll make you feel better, won't it?If you use PayPal.. use the link belowVenmo is @mike-butkus-cameraClick here to go to main Camera Manual siteWith the PRAKTICA BX 20 you have bought a high-quality 35 mm SLR camera that combines ease of operation with a versatility ideal for any kind of creative work.The shutter speeds are automatically controlled within the range from 1/1000 s to 40 s.(seconds)In addition, the camera's microelectronics permit the use of fixed shutter speeds between 1/1000s and 1s as well as unlimited shutter speeds with the B setting. TTL light metering with open aperture and, thus brightest viewfinder image is made possible by the electronic transfer of the aperture setting from the lens to the camera. The PRAKTICA BX 20 is also equipped with a system which, if a dedicated computerized flash unit is used on the camera, measures the light coming in from the flash unit, makes a split second evaluation, and closes the shutter as soon as the right amount of light has struck the film. It goes without saying that conventional electronic flash units can be plugged onto the camera as well. Manual corrections of the automatically controlled shutter speeds are possible for the purpose of deliberate overexposures and underexposures.LEDs on both sides of the clear and bright viewfinder image indicate the shutter speed to be expected, limits, mode of operation (automatic or semi-automatic), memory function, exposure compensation and flash readiness including the O.K. signal for dedicated computerized flash units. The bottom of the finder image provides information on the preselected aperture and whether the shutter is wound or not. The PRAKTICA BX 20 accepts an auto winder and the wide range of PRAKTICA accessories.FEATURES· SRL camera for a frame size of 24mm x 36mm open-aperture TTL metering system with electronic aperture setting transfer· automatic electronic shutter speed control (stepless) in the range from 1/1000 s to 40 s· change-over from automatic to semi-automatic mode possible; fixed speed range from 1/1000 s to 1 s· electronic TTL metering system for flashes and correct dosage of light for dedicated computerized flash unit,X synchronization (approx. 1/100s)· flash readiness indication (and "flash O.K." signal) in viewfinder image· LED information on expected shutter speed in viewfinder· indication of overexposure or underexposure· aperture setting displayed at bottom of viewfinder image· shutter "winding" information· manual exposure compensation of + 2 exposure factors, indication of compensation by red LED at,, + a· locking of metered value and indication there of by green LED at "AEL" - (automatic exposure lock)· self-timer (approx. 10 s) with starting button serves also as stop-down lever for depth-of-field checking· focusing system comprises Fresnel lens with innovative diagonal triple wedge, microprism ring and ground glass ring· viewfinder image shows approx. 95 per cent of picture sides· PRAKTICA bayonet (flange focal length 44.4mm internal diameter 48.5 mm)· connection for motor winder· film information holder on camera back· indication of battery condition in viewfinder· power source: 6V primary battery(e. g. PX281Mallory) (Webmaster: a note stuck inside the manual states 4-LR44, 4-SR44 [Silver Oxide batteries - longer lasting] or PX28 battery [basically two SR-44 batteries in one cell] also a note about a new battery holder). All of these are common batteries available in large department stores or camera stores.· silicon photo element as light sensor· metering and control range: 0-17 EV at 100ASA and aperture 1.4· dimensions of body:141mm x 88mm x 49mm· weight of body without battery: 510 gGuide to individual of parts Mike ButkusInserting the batteriesA 6 V source is required to power the whole electronic system. It may be an alkali-manganese, silver oxide (SR) or lithium battery.Four button cells (e. g. LR 44) in a battery case (order no. 961 363) will also do. (the bumps on the batteries are the negative sides, the two bumps should go in the same direction)Under normal conditions, a fresh battery lasts for about 2 years. To insert the battery, push the battery compartment lid (34) in the direction of the arrow and swivel it out Wipe the contacts in the batterycompartment and those of the fresh battery with a dry cloth. Press the plus pole of the battery against the springcontact (polarity marks in the battery compartment) and tip the battery in. Close the lid and let it click in.The contacts of the battery and in the compartment should be checked from time to time, and cleaned ifnecessary. Low temperatures have an adverse effect on the battery; it should therefore be suitably protected in cold weather.If the camera is not used for an extended period, the battery should be removed.Checking the batteryThe shutter must be wound. Press shutter release (22) and then memory key (12). If the LED indication is bright the battery still has a sufficient power reserve. When the battery is spent, the LEDs on the right side of the viewfinder image will go out. The battery condition can not be checked in the B andsetting.Opening the backPull the rewind button (18) up as far as it will go to unlock the back Open the back completely the frame counter (5) will automatically return to the starting position.Inserting the filmBefore the film is inserted the shutter speed dial should be set to a fast fixed shutter as otherwise a slow shutter speed may be formed in the "auto" mode. The winding lever is blocked until the shutter has completed operation. Do not use force! An undesired slow shutter speed that may have formed in the "auto " mode can be cut short by changing from "auto" to B. Such a slow speed is also obtained in the "auto" mode when the shutter is released without a lens being connected to the camera.Put the film cartridge into the cartridge compartment (31). Press the rewind button (9) back in all the way; turning it if necessary. Insert the film leader at least 1 cm into the slit in the take-up spool (28). Carefully operate the winding lever until the teeth of the film sprocket (29) engage in the film perforation.. Swing the winding lever fully out and let it return. Release the shutter.Closing the backPress the middle of the lock side of the back against the camera body until the lock is heard to engage.Preparing to shootThe winding lever (6) may be swung out a little way without starting the winding procedure. This readiness position increases the handling reliability when taking rapid picture sequences. Swing the winding lever as far as it will go, return and press the shutter release (22). Repeat the procedure and continue to do so until the automatic frame counter (5) indicates frame 1.Information on whether the shutter is wound or not is given at the bottom of the viewfinder image:* aperture reflected into viewfinder appears red -shutter is not wound* aperture reflected into viewfinder is colorless -shutter is woundProper film advance can be checked by making sure the rewind button (9) rotates as the winding lever (6) is moved.If you shoot with a winder attached to the camera refer to the instructions for use of the PRAKTICA winder made by VEB PENTAGON DRESDEM We shad not be liable to you for damage caused by using a winder of different make.Setting the film speedPress the unlocking key (11) and turn the film speed dial (10) until the film speed given on the pack (ASA value) matches the index of the compensation indicator (26). The flap from the film pack can be put into the memo holder (33) as an additional aid to the memory.The TTL metering system automatically takes into account all factors influencing the exposure such as focal length of the lens, filters and extensions.If lenses with the 42x1 PRAKTICA thread are used with an adapter, light metering is automatic at working aperture.Preselecting the apertureThe desired aperture is set against the mark on the lens by fuming the aperture setting ring (13). The set aperture is displayed at the bottom of the viewfinder image.Automatic mode, indicationShutter releaseIf the cycle needs to be broken off prematurely with a very long shutter speed (e. g. after an accidental shutter release), the shutter speed dial (21) should briefly be turned to B.Locking the metered value (exposure lock - AEL)To store the metered value first depress the shutter release (22) slightly (camera is wound) to initiate themetering process, and then briefly press the memory button (12) to lock in the metered value (LED at "AEL" is lit).No new measurement is made before the shutter is released, and the shutter speed will correspond to the locked value. The locked value is erased when pressure is removed from the shutter release and the electronics are switched off.Exposure compensationLift the film speed dial (10) and turn the exposure compensation indicator (26) to the desired value.An LED (+/-) on the left side of the viewfinder image indicates that the shutter speed is overridden. Starting from the initial position the shutter speed is reduced in the ,,auto" mode by 1 or 2 exposure factors when the dial is set to + 1 or +2, respectively. The speed is correspondingly increased when the dial is set to -1 or -2. The dial can be set to half factors. At the limits of the film speed range - 12 ASA and 3200 ASA compensation by two factors is also possible.However, the compensation cannot extend the shutter speed range beyond the speeds of 111000 s and 40 s. Remember to return the dial to the neutral initial position after exposure-compensated shots. The LED (+) will then go out.Semi-automatic modeIf you want to shoot at a particular shutter speed, for reproductions or scientific work for example, set the PRAKTICA BX 20 to semi-automatic mode. Fixed shutter speeds from 1 s to 1/1 000 s and the B setting for any length of time are available. Select the speed you want using the shutter speed dial (21) this automatically changes the camera operation to semi-automat/c mode. As with automatic shutter speed control, the camera's electronics are switched on by gentle pressure on the shutter release.The shutter speed can again be checked using the LEDs in the viewfinder: While the LED corresponding to the set shutter speed flashes, the shutter speed required by the lighting conditions, the film speed and the selected aperture is shown at the same time by a steadily lit LED (two adjacent LEDs light up for intermediate speeds).To match the two, alter the aperture or shutter speed until the LED is lit steadily. There is no LED display for the B setting. The fixed shutter speeds will not be changed by the described correction procedure.Holding the cameraThe illustration shows the best position in which to hold the camera. It should be held steadily and tightly, the elbows should be supported against the body. In this way blur free pictures will be achieved.Flash photographyIf the available light is insufficient for handheld shots (e. g. indoors) or if the subject has to be additionally brightened up, flash should be used. All fitting electronic flash units can be used, computerized or not. Just push the flash unit onto the hot shoe (23); the electrical connection is thus made.For electronic flash without computer control set the shutter speed dial (21) to . The speed will then be 1/100s.If a dedicated computerized flash unit is pushed onto the hot shoe and the shutter speed dial (21) set to "auto", an LED at the viewfinder edge () will signal flash readiness, and the "auto" indication will go out. Flashreadiness will also be indicated in the case of a computerized flash unit when the dial is set to ..Correct exposure is guaranteed by the camera's TTL light metering system: the reflected flash light passes through the lens, is evaluated by the camera computer, and the flash is cut short at the right moment via the cableless hot shoe connection - genuine automatic TTL metering also for flashes.The "flash O.K." signal (film is correctly exposed) is derived from the flash readiness indication. If the LED at lights up again immediately after exposure, the correct amount of light has struck the film. The O.K. signal of the flash unit should be observed in cases deviating from the norm. Flash readiness is retained even if the memory key is pressed and the green LED at "AEL" signals the locking of the metered value. Exposure compensation signaled by the LED at (+ / -), is taken into account by the automatic flash system.To avoid incorrect exposures with flash when the surrounding light is bright, check by switching off thecomputerized flash unit that the shutter speed corresponding to the surrounding light is slower than 1/125 s. See also the operating instructions for the flash unit for detailed information. Changing the lensPress the unlocking key (2) and turn the lens anticlockwise as far as it will go. Remove the lens from me camera.Insert the PRAKTICA lens in such a way that the red marks (16 and 2) on the camera and lens are opposite eachother. Press the lens against the camera body and turn clockwise until the locking pin is heard to engage.By using the PRAKTICA adapter all original PRAKTICA lenses with the M 42x 1 thread can be connected. Lenses of other makes with the M 42x 1 thread must be suitable for PRAKTICA cameras and equipped for metering at working aperture.The PRAKTICA BX 20 also works automatically with screw-thread lenses, the only difference being that the light metering is made at working aperture.FocusingFocusing is possible with the triple wedge system, the microprism ring or the ground glass ring.1. Triple wedgeThe wedge system allows highly accurate focusing. Optimum sharpness is achieved when the contours and lines flow naturally. Incorrectly aligned edges indicate that the image is out of focus.2. Microprism ringThe image is correctly focused when the image inside the grid is c/ear and flicker free.3. Ground glass ringEspecially useful in photomacrography and photomicrography and when using lenses with a small relative aperture (greater than 4). The image must a p pear clear and sharp in the ground glass ring.Depth-of-field indicationInfrared photographyInfrared photography requires a slight correction to the focusing: match the distance determined in focusingLocking the release buttonAccidental shutter release and unnecessary use of power as a result of unintentional pressing of the shutter release button when the camera is wound or not can be avoided by locking the release button.To this end, the lock (20) below the shutter speed dial is fumed in the direction of the arrow. To unlock turn in the opposite direction.period with fast shutter speeds. If this is not desired, the motor winder should be switched off.To avoid incorrect metering in the automatic mode the eyepiece should be covered with the eyepiece coyer supplied.Changing the filmThe frame counter (5) indicates the number of frames which have already been exposed on a film. If all the frames on a film have been exposed (red mark at 20 or 36), change the film.Press in the rewind release (18) until it locks, fold out the rewind crank (8) and turn in the direction of the arrow until increased resistance followed by easy movement indicate that the film has been fully rewound. Pull the rewind button (9) all the way up to unlock the back. The film cartridge can now be removed. Do not change the film in bright sunlightAttention! If more frames are exposed than are indicated on the film pack, it is possible that the winding lever cannot be swung all the way. Do not use force. Rewind the film as described above, then swing the winding lever fully out.CARE OF THE CAMERA· Protect the camera from impact, dust and moisture.· Clean the cartridge and spool compartments, the film track and the back from time to time with a soft brush. · Do not use organic solvents such as spirit or varnish thinner to clean the camera.· Do not expose the camera or lens to aggressive vapors.· Remove fingerprints from the lens and eyepiece surfaces with lens cleaning paper.· Do not touch the mirror, field lens or shutter blades. Such contamination can only be removed by a service workshop.· Use an optical brush for dust removal, or blow out· Do not expose the camera to very high or low temperatures for lengthy periods. Avoid, for example, placing the camera in a car window in direct sunlight· The camera should be suitably protected from extreme cold.· When using the camera near the sea or on the beach, protect it from salt water, spray and sand.· Avoid sudden changes in temperature. These may lead to the formation of condensation and thus to corrosion damage.· Never attempt to make your own repairs to the camera. Consult a service workshop where necessary.THIS IS NOTED ON AN EXTRA PAGE ADDED TO THE MANUAL Your PRAKTICA BX 20 has an improved battery compartment lid.Please note the following when inserting the battery:Push the lid (34) in the (changed) direction of the arrow and open it.Close the lid after battery insertion and lock it.Please note carefully all the instructions contained in this booklet. Incorrect handling of your camera can lead to damage not covered by our guarantee.Further development of the PRAKTICA BX 20 may result in some aspects of the camera deviating slightly from those given here.。
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Specialized English for Communication Engineering
The local distribution systems reach into people's houses，where they terminate in set-top boxes， ， ， which are， in fact， powerful，specialized ， ， ， personal computers． ． set-top boxes：机顶盒 distribution systems：分 ： ： 发系统 本句可译为：本地分发系统到达（被接入）人们 本句可译为：本地分发系统到达（被接入） 家里，终止于机顶盒。事实上，机顶盒是功能强大 家里，终止于机顶盒。事实上， 的特种个人计算机。 的特种个人计算机。
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
TEXT
This technique works because any color can be constructed from a linear superposition of red， ， green，and blue with the appropriate ， intensities． ． superposition：重叠， 重合， 叠合 ：重叠， 重合， 全句可译为：之所以采用这种技术， 全句可译为：之所以采用这种技术，是因为任 何一种颜色都可以表示为红、 何一种颜色都可以表示为红、绿、兰三种颜色适 当浓度的线性组合。 当浓度的线性组合。
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
Large mechanical tape servers that hold thousands of tapes and have a robot arm for fetching any tape and inserting it into a tape drive are commercially available now． ． …that hold thousands of tapes and have a robot arm for fetching any tape and inserting it into a tape drive…是非 是非 限定性定语从句，修饰前面的servers。 限定性定语从句，修饰前面的 。 fething…and…inserting…是并列的目的状语，做for的目 是并列的目的状语， 是并列的目的状语 的目 的状语。 的状语。 全句可译为： 全句可译为：大型的机械磁带服务器可容纳上千盒录像 它的机械手可以取到任意一盒录像带， 带，它的机械手可以取到任意一盒录像带，并把它塞入录 像驱动器，这种服务器现在在商业上是可行的。 像驱动器，这种服务器现在在商业上是可行的。
专业英语
——Specialized English
第二部分 通信技术
Unit 20： ：
Image＆
NEW WORDS AND PHRASES
retina n． ． 视网膜 discrete adj． 分离的，不相关联的， ． 分离的，不相关联的，离散的 retrace vt． 折回；回忆， 回顾， ． 折回；回忆， 回顾， 追溯 reconstruct vt． ． 重建 flicker vt． 闪烁， ． 闪烁， 摇曳 perceive vt． 感觉， 察觉， ． 感觉， 察觉， 理解 monochrome n． 单色画， 单色照片， ． 单色画， 单色照片， 黑白照片 unison n． 一致， ． 一致， 同时 acronym n． ． 只取首字母的缩写词 immunity n． 免除; ． 免除 豁免 luminance n． [计] 亮度 ． 计 chrominance n． [物] 色度 ． 物 Specialized English for Communication Engineering
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
NEW WORDS AND PHRASES
rental wee hue microkernel monotonic scheduler algorithm PAL（Phase Alteration Line） （ ） MPEG(Moving Picture Experts Group) NTSC/SECAM（National （ Television Standards Community/Sequentiel Couleur Avec Memorie） ） n． ． adj． ． n． ． n． ． adj． ． n． ． n． ． 租费， 租费， 租金额 很少的， 微小的， 很少的， 微小的， 很早的 色彩， 色彩， 色调 微核 单调的， 单调的，无变化的 [计]调度程序，日程安排程序 计 调度程序 调度程序， 算法 逐行倒相（一种电视制式） 逐行倒相（一种电视制式） 运动图像专家组 国家电视标准委员会/顺序传送 国家电视标准委员会 顺序传送 彩色与存储（ 彩色与存储（一种欧洲电视制 式）
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
To allow color transmissions to be viewed on black-andwhite receivers，all three systems linearly combine the ， RGB signa1s into a luminance (brightness) signal，and ， two chrominance (color) signals，although they all use ， different coefficients for constructing these signals from the RGB signa1s． ． 全句可译为： 全句可译为：为了使黑白接收机能接收到以彩色传输的 信号，尽管从RGB信号得到亮度和色度信号时它们使用了 信号，尽管从 信号得到亮度和色度信号时它们使用了 不同的系数，这三种系统都从RGB信号线性组合出了一个 不同的系数，这三种系统都从 信号线性组合出了一个 亮度信号和两个色度信号。 亮度信号和两个色度信号。