Battery Application Evaluation
电芯测试流程
电芯测试流程The process of testing battery cells, also known as 电芯测试流程, is a crucial step in the production of electric vehicles and various electronic devices. It involves evaluating the performance, safety, and reliability of the battery cells to ensure they meet the required standards and specifications.电芯测试流程是电动汽车和各种电子设备生产中的一个关键步骤，它涉及评估电池单体的性能、安全性和可靠性，以确保它们符合所需的标准和规格。
One of the primary aspects of the testing process is performance evaluation. This involves testing the capacity, voltage, and internal resistance of the battery cells to determine their ability to store and deliver energy. Performance evaluation helps in identifying any abnormalities or deviations in the battery cells' characteristics, which could affect their overall functionality.测试过程的一个主要方面是性能评估。
这涉及测试电池单体的容量、电压和内阻，以确定它们存储和释放能量的能力。
性能评估有助于识别电池单体特性中的任何异常或偏差，这可能会影响它们的整体功能。
病毒学术语中英文对照
A single- generation study 单项包括两代(生殖毒性)的研究 Acentric fragment 无着丝点片段Acridine orange 吖啶橙 Active metabolite 活性代谢产物 Additional test 附加试验 Adduct 加合物 ADME 吸引、分布、代谢、排泄 Administration period 给药期 Advers effect 不良反应 Against humanized proteins serum antibodies 抗人源蛋白血清抗体 Aginal smear 阴道涂片 Air righting reflex 空中翻正反射 Alkylating electrophilic cernter 浣化亲电子中心Allele 基因突变产生的遗传因子 Allergic reactions 过敏性反应(变应性反应) Altenative validated test 有效替代试验 Altered growth 生长改变 Ammoniun sulphide staining of the uterus 子宫硫化胺染色 Analogue 类似物(同系物) Analogue series of substance 同系物Analytical method 分析方法 Anaphase 分裂后期 Aneuploidy 非整倍体 Aneuploidy inducer 非整倍体诱导剂 Antigenic specificity 抗原特异性Art and ethical standards 技术和伦理标准Assessment of genotoxicity 遗传毒性评价 AUC 曲线下面积Auditory startle reflex 惊愕反射(听觉惊跳反射) Autoimmune 自身免疫 Autoradiographic assessment 放射自显影评价Autoradiography 放射自显影 Bacterial mutagenicity test 细菌致突变试验 Bacterial reverse mutation test 细菌回复突变试验 Bacterial strains 菌株 Bacterial test organisms 微生物试验菌 Base pairs 碱基对Base set of strains 基本菌株 Base substitution 碱基置换 Bioanalytical method 生物学分析方法 Bioavailability 生物利用度 Biological method 生物学意义Biotechnological products 生物技术产品 Biotechnoloty-derived pharmaceuticals 生物技术药物 Body burden 机体负担 Bone marrow cell 骨髓细胞 Bouin's fixation 包氏液固定Breakage of chromatid 染色单体断裂 Brealage of chromosome 染色体断裂 Bridging character 桥梁作用 C(time) 一定剂量、某一时间的浓度 Carcinogen 致癌物质Carcinogenesis 致癌性 Carcinogenic hazard 致癌性危害 Carcinogenicity bioassay 致癌性生物检测 Carcinogenicity potential of chemical 化合物的潜在致癌性 Carcinoginicity (oncogenicity) 致癌(致瘤) Cardiovascular 心血管 Case-by-case 个例 Cell proliferation 细胞增殖 Cell cultures 细胞培养 Cell line 细胞系 Cell membrane lipid 细胞膜脂质层 Cell replication system 细胞复制系统 Cell suspension 细胞悬液 Cell-mediated immunity 细胞介导的免疫 Cellular therapy 细胞治疗 Central nervous systems 中枢神经系统 Cerebral spinal fluid 脑脊液 Chemical nature 化学性质 Chinese hamster V79 cell 中国仓鼠V79细胞Chromatide 染色单体 Chromosomal aberration 染色体畸变 Chromosomal damage 染色体损伤 Chromosomal integrity 染色体完整性 Chronic toxicity testing 慢性毒性试验 Classfical biotransformation studies 经典的生物转化试验 Clastogen 染色体断裂剂 Clastogenic 致染色体断裂的 Clinical indication 临床适应证 Cloning efficiency 克隆形成率Closure of the hard palate 硬腭闭合 Cmax 峰浓度 Colony sizing 集落大小 Comparative trial 对比试验Complement binding 补体结合 Completely novel compound 全新化合物 Compound bearing structural alerts 结构可疑化合物 Concentration threshold 阈浓度 Concomitant toxicokinetics 相伴毒代动力学 Continuous treatment 连续接触 Corpora lutea 黄体 Corpora lutea count 黄体数 Cross-linking agent 交联剂 Culture condition 培养条件 Culture confluency 培养克隆率 Culture confluenty 培养融合 Culture medium 培养基 Cytogenetic change 细胞遗传学改变 Cytogenetic evaluation 细胞遗传学评价 Cytokines 细胞因子 Cytotoxicity 细胞毒Degradation 降解 Deletion 缺失 Descriptive statistics 描述性统计 Detection of bacterial mutagen 细菌诱变剂检测 Detection of clastogen 染色体断裂剂检测 Determination of metabolites 测定代谢产物 Developmental toxicity 发育毒性Direct genetic damage 直接遗传损伤 Distribution 分布DNA adduct DNA加合物DNA damage DNA损伤DNA repair DNA 修复DNA strand breaks DNA链断裂 Dose escalation 剂量递增 Dose dependence 剂量依赖关系 Dose level 剂量水平 Dose-limiting toxicity 剂量限制性毒性 Dose-raging studies 剂量范围研究 Dose-relatived mutagenicity 剂量相关性诱变性 Dose-related 剂量相关Dose-relatived cytotoxicity 剂量相关性细胞毒性 Dose-relatived genotoxic activity 剂量相关性遗传毒性 Dose-response curve 剂量-反应曲线 Dosing route 给药途径Embryo-fetal toxicity 胚胎-胎仔毒性 Endogenous components 内源性物质 Endogenous gene 内源性基因Endonuclease 核酸内切酶 Emdpmiclease release from lysosomes 溶酶体释放核酸内切酶End-point 终点 Epitope 抗原决定部位 Error prone repair 易错性修复 Escalation 递增Escherichia coli strain 大肠杆菌菌株 Escherichia coli 大肠杆菌Evaluation of test result 试验结果评价 Exaggerated pharmacological response 超常增强的药理作用 Exposure assessment 接触剂量评价 Exposure period 接解期 External metabolizing system 体外代谢系统F1-animals 子一代动物 False positive result 假阳性结果 Fecundity 多产 Fertility studies 生育力研究 Fetal abnormalities 胎仔异常 Fetal and neonatal parameters 胎仔和仔鼠的生长发育参数 Fetal development and growth 肿仔发育和生长 Fetal period 胎仔期 Fetotoxicity 胎仔毒性First pass testing 一期试验Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) 原位荧光分子杂交 Foetuses 胎仔 Formulation 制剂 Frameshift mutation 移码突变 Frameshite point mutation 移码点突变 Free-standing 独立Fresh dissection technique 新鲜切片技术 Funtional deficits 切能缺陷 Functional test 功能试验 Functional indices 功能性指标 Fusion proteins融合蛋白 Gametes 配子 Gender of animals 动物性别 Gender-specific drug 性别专一性药物Gene knockout 基因剔除 Gene therapy 基因治疗 Gene mutation 基因突变 Genetic 遗传Genetic change 遗传学改变 Genetic damage 遗传学损伤 Genetic endpoint 遗传终点Genetic toxicity 遗传毒性 Genotoxic activity 遗传毒性作用 Genotoxic carcinogen 遗传毒性致癌剂 Genotoxic effect 遗传毒性效应 Genotoxic hazard 遗传毒性危害 Genotoxic potential 潜在遗传毒性 Genotoxic rodent carcinogen 啮齿类动物遗传毒性致癌剂 Genotoxicity 遗传毒性 Genotoxicity test 遗传毒性试验 Genotoxicity test battery 毒性试验组合 Genotoxycity evaluation 遗传毒性评价 Germ cell mutagen 生殖细胞诱变剂 Germ line mutation 生殖系统突变 GLP 临床前研究质量管理规范 Gross chromosomal damage 染色体大损伤 Gross evaluation of placenta 胎盘的大体评价 Growth factors 生长因子 Haemotoxylin staining 苏木素染色 Half-life 半衰期 Hematopoietic cells 造血细胞 Heptachlor 七氯化合物 Heritable 遗传 Heritable defect 遗传缺陷 Heritable disease 遗传性疾病 Heritable effect 遗传效应High concentration 高浓度Histologic appearance of reproductive organ 生殖器官的组织学表现 Histopathological chang 组织病理学改变 Homologous proteins 同系蛋白 Homologous series 同系 Host cell 宿主细胞 Human subjects 人体 Human carcinogen 人类致癌剂Human lymphoblastoid TH6cell 人成淋巴TK6细胞 Human mutagen 人类致突变剂 Humoral immunity 体液免疫 Immature erythrocyte 未成熟红细胞Immediate and latent effect 速发和迟发效应 Immunogenicity 免疫原性 Immunopathological effects 免疫病理反应immunotoxicity 免疫毒性 Implantation 着床 Implantation sites 着床部位 In vitro 体外 In vitro test 体外试验 In vivo 体内 In vivo test 体风试验Incidence of polyploidy cell 多倍体细胞发生率 Incisor eruption 门齿萌发 Independent test 独立试验 Individual fetal body weight 单个胎仔体重 Induced and spontaneous models of disease 诱发或自发的疾病模型Inducer of micronuclei 微核诱导剂 Inhalation 吸入 Inhibitor of DNA metabolism DNA代谢抑制剂 Intact animals 完整动物(整体动物) Internal control 内对照 Interphase nuclei 分裂间期细胞核 Intra-and inter-individual 个体与个体间 Isolated organs 离休器官Juvenile animal studies 未成年动物研究 Kinetic profile 动力学特点 Kinetics 动力学 Lactation 授乳、哺乳Large deletion event 大缺失事件 Late embryo loss 后期胚胎丢失 Level of safety 安全水平Libido 性欲 Life threatering 危及生命 Lipophilic compound 亲脂性化合物 Litter size 每窝胎仔数目 Live and deal conceptuese 活胎和死胎 Live offspring at birth 出生时存活的子代Local tolerance studies 局部耐受性研究 Local toxicity 局部毒性 Locu 位点 Long-termcarcinogenicity study 长期致癌性研究Loss of the tk gene tk基因缺失Major organ formation 主要器官形成 Male fertility 雄性生育力 Male fertility assessment 雄性生育力评价Mammalian sells 哺乳动物细胞 Mammalian species 哺乳类动物 Mammalian sell mutation test 哺乳动物细胞致突变试验 Marketing approval 上市许可 Maternal animal 亲代动物Mating behavior 交配行为 Mating period 交配期 Mating ratio 交配比例 Matrices 基质Maximum tolerated dose(MTD) 最大耐受剂量 Mechanism of genotoxicity 遗传毒性机制Mechanistic investigation 机制研究 Metabolic activation 代谢活化 Metabolic activation pathway 代谢活化途径 Metabolic activation system 代谢活化系统 Metabolism 代谢Metabolites profile 代谢物的概况 Metaphase 中期 Metaphase analysis 分裂中期相分析Metaphase cell 分裂中期相细胞 Micronucleus 微核 Micronucleus formation 微核形成Microtitre 微滴定 Mictotitre method 微滴定法 mimicking 模拟 Mitotic index 有丝分裂指数Molecular characterization 分子特性 Molecular technique 分子技术 Monitor 监测Monoclonal antibodies 单克隆抗体 Non-toxic compound 无毒化合物 Mouse lymphoma L5178Y cell 小鼠淋巴瘤L5178Y细胞 Mouse lymphoma tk assay 小鼠淋巴溜tk检测Mutagen 诱变原 Mutagenic carcinogen 诱变性致癌剂 Mutagenic potential of chemical 化合物的潜在致突变性 Mutant colony 突变体集落 Mutation 突变 Mutation induction in transgenes 转基因诱导突变Necropsy(macroscopic examination) 解剖(大体检查) Negative control 阴性对照 Negative result 阴性结果 Newcleated 有核 Non rodent 非啮齿类Non-clinical 非临床 Non-genotoxic carcinogen 非遗传毒性致癌剂 Non-genotoxic mechanism 非遗传毒性机制 Non-human primate 非人灵长类 Non-linear 非线性 No-toxic-effect dose level 无毒性反应剂量水平 Nucleated bone marrow cell 有核骨髓细胞 Nucleoside analogue 核苷酸同系物 Number of live and dead implantation 宫内活胎和死胎数 Numerical chromosomal aberration 染色体数目畸变 Numerical chromosome changes 染色体数目改变Oligonucleotide grugs 寡核苷酸药物 One ,twe,three generation studies 一、二、三子代研究Paraffine embedding 石蜡包埋 Parameter 参数 Parent compound 母体化合物 Parenteral 非肠道 Particulate material 颗粒物 Peripheral blood erythrocyte 外周血红细胞Pharmacodynamic effects 药效作用 Pharmacodynamics 药效学(药效动力学) Pharmacokinetic 药代动力学 Phenylene diamine 苯二胺 Physical development 身体发育 Physiological stress 生理应激 Pilot studies 前期研究 Pinna unfolding 耳廓张开 Plasmid 质粒 Plasminogen activators 纤维蛋白溶解酶原激活因子 Ploidy 整倍体 Point mutation 点突变 Polychromaticerythrocyte 嗜多染色红细胞 Polycyclic hydrocarbon 多环芳烃 Polymer 聚合物 Polyploidy cell 多倍体细胞 Polyploidy 多倍体 Polyploidy induction 多倍体诱导 Poorly soluble compound 难溶化合物 Positive control 阳性对照 Positive result 阳性结果 Post meiotic stages 减数分裂后期 Post-approval 批准后 Postcoital time frame 交配后日期Postimplantation deaths 着床后死亡 Postnatal deaths 出生后死亡 Postweaning development and growth 断奶后发育和生长 Potential 潜在性 Potential immunogenecity 潜在免疫原性Potential target organs for toxicity 潜在毒性靶器官Pre-and post-natal development study 围产期的发育研究 Pre-and postweaning survival and growth 断奶前后的存少和生长 Precipitate 沉淀期 Precision 精密度 Preclinical safety evaluation 临床前安全性评价 Predetermined criteria 预定标准 Prediction of carcinogenicity 致癌性预测Pregnant and lactation animals 怀孕与哺乳期动物 Preimplantation stages of the embryo 胚胎着床前期 Preliminary studies 预试验 Pre-screening 预筛选 Prevalence of abnormalities 异常情况的普遍程度 Primary active entity 主要活性实体 Priority selection 优先选择 Pro-drug 前体药物 Protocol modification 试验方案修改 Quantification of mutant 突变体定量 Racemate 消旋体 Radiolabeled proteins 放射性同位素标记蛋白 Radiolabelled compounds 放性性同位素标记化合物 Range-finding test 范围确定试验 Rate of preimplantation deaths 着床关死亡率 Rational study design 合理的试验设计 Receptor properties 受体性质 Recombinant DNA proteins DNA重组蛋白Recombinant DNA technology DNA重组技术 Recombination 重组 Recombinant plasma factors 重组血浆因子 Reduction in the number of revertants 回复突变数的减少 Relative plating efficiency 相对接种效率 Relative suspension growth 相对悬浮生长率 Relative total growth 相对总生长率 Relevant animal species 相关动物种属 Relevant dose 相关剂量Relevant factor 相关因素 Repeated-dose toxicity studies 重复剂量毒性研究 Reproductive toxicity 生殖毒性 Reproductive/developmental toxicity 生殖/发育毒性 Reverse mutation 回复突变 Reversibility 可恢复性(可逆性) Risk assessment 危险度评价 Rodent hematopoietic cell 啮齿类动物造血细胞 Route of administration 给药途径 Routine testing 常规试验S9-mix constituent S9混合液成分 Safeguards 安全监测 Safety pharmacology 安全药理学Safety margin 安全范围 Salmonella typhimurium 鼠伤寒沙门菌 Sampling time 采样时间Satellite groups 卫星组 Saturation of absorption 吸收饱和 Sensory functions and reflexes 感觉功能和反射Short term toxicity 短期毒性Short or medium-term carcinogenicity study 短或中期致癌性研究 Short treatment 短期处理 Sighting studies 预试验 Singledose(acute)toxicity 单剂量(急性)毒性 Single study design 单一研究设计 Site-specific targeted delivery 定位靶向释放 Small colony 小集落 Small colony mutant 小集落突变体Soft agar method 软琼脂法 Soluble genotoxic impurity 可溶性遗传毒性杂质 Solvent control 溶剂对照 Somatic cell 体细胞 Somatic cell test 体细胞试验 Species 种属 Specificity 特异性 Species specificity 种属特异性 Spindle apparatus 纺缍体 Stages of reproduction 生殖阶段Standard battery of test 标准试验组合Standard 3-test battery 标准三项试验组合 Standard battery 标准组合 Standard battery system 标准组合系统 Standard procedure 标准规程Standard protocol 标准试验方案Standard set of strains 标准菌株组Standard set of tests 标准试验组 Standard test battery 标准试验组合 Statistical evaluation 统计学评价 Steady-state levels 稳态浓度 Step-by-step 逐步 Stepwise process 阶梯式程序 Strain 品系 Structural changes 结构改变 Structural chromosomal aberration 染色体结构畸变 Subgroups 亚组Supravital staining 体外活动染色 Surface righting reflex 平面翻正反射 Survival 存活率suspension 悬浮物 Systemic exposure 全面接触 Target organs 靶器官 Target cell 靶细胞Target histidine genes 组氨酸目的基因 Target tissue 靶组织Target tissue exposure 靶组织接触 Teratogenic response 致畸胎反应 Terminal sacrifice 终末期处死 Test of carcinogenicity 致癌试验 Test approach 试验方法Test battery approach 试验组合方法 Test compound 受试物 Test model 试验模型 Test strategy 试验策略 Test systems 试验系统 Tester strain 试验菌株 Therapeutic 治疗 Therapeutic confirmatory 疗效确定 Therapeutic exploratory 疗效探索Therapeutic indication 治疗适应证 Time course 时程 Timing conventions 分段计时方法Tissue cross-reactivity 组织交叉反应 Tissue distribution 组织分布 Tissue exposure 组织接触Tissue uptake 组织吸收 Tk locus tk位点 Top concentration 最高浓度 Topical 局部的Topoisomerase inhibitor 拓朴异构酶抑制剂 Total erythrocyte 总红细胞Total litter loss 整窝丢失 Toxicity to reproduction 生殖毒性 Toxicokinetics 毒代动力学(毒物代谢动力学) Transgene 转基因 Transgenic animals 转基因动物 Transgenic plants 转基因植物Translocation 移位 Treatment regimen 实施方案 Tubal transport 输卵管运输 Tumor induction 肿瘤诱导 Tumor response 肿瘤反应 Tumor-related gene 肿瘤相关基因 Two or three phase approach 分段(二段或三段)研究 Two study design 分段(两段)研究设计Ovulation rate 排卵率 Unbound concentration 未结合浓度 Unexpected finding 非预期结果Unscheduled DNA synthesis(UDS) 程序外DNA合成 Unstable epoxide 不稳定过氧代物Whole blood 全血。
RT1025 ECG PPG AFE 心率监测与生物潜能测量芯片解决方案评估板说明书
RT1025 ECG/PPG AFE Cardioid Evaluation BoardPurposeThe RT1025 is an integrated AFE solution for Heart-Rate monitoring and Biopotential measurements. The RT1025 integrates low noise voltage and current sensing channels and is capable of sensing ECG (Electrocardiography) and PPG (Photoplethysmography) simultaneously. Richtek Technology developed an evaluation board with Android APP to evaluate the RT1025 performance. This document describes the operation manual of the RT1025 evaluation board. It includes the schematic, hardware and bench measure procedure.Table of ContentsPurpose (1)Introduction (2)Key Performance Summary Table (3)Bench Test Setup Conditions (4)Schematic, Bill of Materials & Board Layout (10)More Information (15)Important Notice for Richtek Evaluation Board (15)IntroductionGeneral Product InformationThe RT1025 is an integrated AFE solution for Heart-Rate monitoring and measurements. The RT1025 integrates low noise voltage and current sensing channels and is capable of sensing ECG (Electrocardiography) and PPG (Photoplethysmography) simultaneously. The RT1025 has > 100dB dynamic range and can sense pulses accurately by detecting the heart’s electric signals. The sampling rates of the high-precision voltage and current sensing channels in the RT1025 are configurable between 64 to 4kHz. The RT1025 solution need only few discrete components and is easy to use for low-power medical ECG/PPG, sports, and fitness applications. With high levels of integration and high-precision voltage and current sensing channels, the RT1025 solution is suitable for scalable medical instrumentation systems. The RT1025 is available in a 3.1mm x 3.4mm, 41-Ball, 0.4mm pitch, WL-CSP package.The Cardioid evaluation board (Cardioid Pad) was developed full function Android APP to evaluate the RT1025 performance. The evaluation board includes the RT1025 together with the BLE SiP and PPG modules to quickly evaluate the operation and performance of the RT1025. The detail schematic, hardware and bench measure procedure will be described in the following section. The evaluation board number is PCB106_V1 and the dimensions are 9cm x 5cm.Product Feature●Evaluation Board Features④Evaluation Board Number : PCB106_V1④Dimension : 9cm x 5cm●ECG Channel Feature④ 3 PCB ECG Electrodes④Ear phone Jack for 3 ECG Electrodes④Low Input-Referred Noise : 0.67µVrms (64Hz ODR, Gain = 12)④Dynamic Range : 110dB at Gain = 6④CMRR > 85dB at 60Hz④Data rate : 64SPS to 4k SPS●PPG Channel Features④G/Red/IR LED with PD Module④Boost Supply for Green LED④TX LED Current Range : 10 / 25 / 35 / 50 / 65 / 75 / 90 / 105mA, Each with 8-bit Current Resolution④Input-Referred Noise : 50pArms at 5µA Input Current④CMRR > 80dB at 60Hz④PGA Gain : 1 to 6V/V●Others④Connect with “Cardio EVK” Android APP④Programmable BLE SiP④I2C interface for display panel④USB Micro-B interface for Lithium-Ion Battery Charging④Operating Temperature Range : –20°C to 65°C④RoHS Compliant and Pb FreeKey Performance Summary Table* Note that EVB_RT1025WS_P0 kit does not include LIR2430 battery due to transport regulations. * LIR2430 is a rechargeable Lithium Coin Cell 3.6V, capacity 80mAh.Bench Test Setup ConditionsHeaders Description and PlacementCarefully inspect all the components used in the EVB according to the following Bill of Materials table, and then make sure all the components are undamaged and correctly installed. If there is any missing or damaged component, which may have occurred during transportation, please contact our distributors or e-*******************************.Test PointsThe EVB is provided with the connecter interfaces and pin names listed in the table below.Measurement ProcedureThe RT1025 supports the reading of samples and device status upon interrupt or via polling. It contains 4kB SRAM for data buffering. The device is internally clocked to offer high-precision clock with external crystal. The flexible timing control enable the users to control the PPG device timing for different application and to power down the device for power saving. In order to achieve the high speed data acquisition, the RT1025 device was configured as a slave of SPI mode. The Cardioid evaluation board is fully assembled and tested. The usage of the evaluation board was shown in below figure.1. Insert LIR2430 Battery in the battery case. The battery can be charged by applying 5V via the Micro USB port.●Once on, you should see a Red LED lighting for OK status●If no light is present, check connections or try replacing the Battery with a fresh one.●If Red LED is flashing, check the I2C or SPI device correct connections.2. Make sure the evaluation board connect to the Android APP for ECG/PPG measurement●Make sure Bluetooth is enabled on the phone/tablet.●Launch t he “Cardio EVK” application on your phone/t ablet.●Then, you will need to connect to the Cardioid evaluation board Hardware. Do this by selecting the “BLE ICON”that shows up upon opening the android application. Select the evaluation board ID (RTK_CARDIO_00XXXX) from pup-out menu for BLE paring.After the Cardioid evaluation board BLE connection is successfully established, the “BLE ICON” will become blue and the main GUI will launch.3. Put your fingers cover the VRLD and PPG sensor in the top, FR/FL in the bottom.4. Select “PPG+ECG“ tab firstly, then press“Measure” to start P PG+ECG data acquisitions. Note that it may takea while to get stable results.Press “Stop”, once you finish the measurement.5. Check the measurement results. Press “SAVE” to store the measured data for analysis.Please refer to the document APP_RT1025WS_P0-00_EN for more information about the Android APP.Typical Application CircuitUsing Cardioid evaluation board for ECG/PPG SensingSchematic, Bill of Materials & Board LayoutEVB Schematic DiagramFL VRLD_CON FRFL 2VRLD_CON2FR2FL VRLD_CONFRC1041uF / 0402 / 6.3V / X7R21E_CSN E_MISO E_MISO 2E_MOSI 2E_RSTB E_MOSI E_RSTB 2E_CSN 2E_PWD 2E_INT 2E_PWD E_INT JP4HEADER10X21234567891011121314151617181920G_INT 2G_INT22G_SCL 2G_SDA 2G_INT G_INT2G_SCL G_SDA AFE_VPPG1_EN 2AFE_VPPG0_EN 2AFE_VPPG0_ENAFE_VPPG1_ENE_CLK 2E_CLKDVDD_SYS EXT_Control3AFE_VBST_EN 2AFE_VBST_EN EXT_ControlE_CLK G_INT LDO_EN 2E_MOSI LDO_EN E_CSN E_MISOG_INT2G_SCLCHG_N CHG_N 2G_SDA E_INT AFE_VPPG1_EN AFE_VPPG0_EN E_RSTB E_PWD EXT_Control AFE_VBST_EN CHG_N LDO_EN I/FDVDD_SYSECG cable connector0.96" OLEDG_SDAG_SCL DVDD_SYSCON5JACK_CON/5P/EJ-3699M-GPAUDIOJACK/5P/SMD/EJ-3699M-GP 12354JP2NC/SIP-8P1122334455667788PCB LayoutTop View (1st layer)PCB Layout—Inner Side (2nd Layer)PCB Layout—Inner Side (3rd Layer)Bottom View (4th Layer)More InformationFor more information, please find the related datasheet or application notes from Richtek website .Important Notice for Richtek Evaluation BoardTHIS DOCUMENT IS FOR REFERENCE ONLY, NOTHING CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT SHALL BE CONSTRUED AS RICHTEK’S WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, UNDER CONTRACT, TORT OR STATUTORY, WITH RESPECT TO THE PRESENTATION HEREIN. IN NO EVENT SHALL RICHTEK BE LIABLE TO BUYER OR USER FOR ANY AND ALL DAMAGES INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION TO DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.。
锂动力电池动态一致性评价方法的研究
锂动力电池动态一致性评价方法的研究摘要锂动力电池，以其比容量高和长循环寿命，在动力电池领域作为技术革新的重要支持。
尽管制造工艺以及使用管理技术不断提高，在实际的使用中，都需要将各单体电池，通过串联或并联的方式成组使用，而在长期的使用后，电池组都会出现性能大幅衰减的现象。
经研究表明，这是由于构成电池组的单体电池在一致性上出现了明显的差异。
因此，为了让动力电池组在长期使用过程中，都能一直保持有较高的性能，延长整个电池组的使用寿命，就需要对组内单体电池的一致性有较好的判断，以便于电池管理系统(BMS)以及用户对其进行及时维护。
对动力电池的一致性概念进行了研究，经过大量的实验，并对实验数据进行分析发现在多个性能参数中，电池的荷电状态(SOC)和动力电池的工作电压(CCV)能够全面的显示电池当前的状态，同时也是电池动态特性的集中体现，可以作为评价电池一致性评价的技术指标。
本文建立并改进了动力电池的等效模型，在模型建立过程中，引入了权A m，来更好地反映这一差异的存在。
文中采用平方根容积卡尔曼值向量()滤波法，结合强跟踪滤波理论(SCKF-STF)对SOC进行预测，给出了预测结果和误差分析，在算法的前端设计并加入了多重滤波算法，对混入的噪声进行处理，并结合针对一致性差异的等效模型，进一步提高算法的预测精度，同时加入了仿真分析对方案的可行性进行了验证。
文中采用数理统计的F分布概率密度函数实现用SOC和工作电压对一致性评价的综合分析。
根据动力电池的实际参数，给出相应对概率密度函数的描述，进而得到概率密度曲线，通过设定一致性预警阈值，得出符合预期的结果区域，将实验数据代入函数表达式后得出的计算结果，如果计算结果在该区域中，则可以得出该组实验电池的一致性较好的结论。
关键词锂动力电池；SOC预测；一致性评价；统计学原理- I -Evaluation on the Dynamic Consistency of Li-IonPower BatteryAbstractLi-ion power battery has been the solid foundation for technology innovation within power battery field with its unique discharge specific capacity and long cycle life. Cell batteries should be connected in series to be applied for large appliance, though the rapid development in crafts and management. However, the general performance of the formed battery pack may suffer a apparent decay after a long term application, due to the deterioration in the consistency of the battery based on large quantities of research. A better evaluation on the consistency of battery is the very basis to keep better performance of the battery, to extend the cycle life, as well as to give advantage to battery management system (BMS) with maintenance.Various experiments are conducted to get to essence of consistency of battery, as to analyze the performance index of power battery for the typical ones for the current state of battery in this paper. State of charge, as well as SOC and closed circuit voltage (CCV) are selected with the research results for the performance index of consistency.The equivalent circuit model is established and improved with weightA m is involved to embrace the discrepancy in the very battery of the victor ()formed battery pack in the paper. Square-Cubature-Kalman-Filter, combined with Strong-Tracking Filter (SCKF-STF) algorithm is involved for SOC prediction with corresponding simulation and error analysis. To obtain SOC prediction result with higher precision, multiple filter algorithm is designed ahead of the SCKF-STF algorithm to tackle with the involved noise with input data. The comparison simulation of SOC prediction is conducted with optimized SCKF-STF algorithm and improved model. The corresponding simulation result and error analysis is conducted with the single SCKF-STF for the adtantage of the optimized algorithm.- II -The probability density function of F-distribution with principle of statics is involved to obtain the evaluation on consistency of battery with SOC and CCV as performance index. The corresponding description for probability density function is deducted with actual index of experimented battery, as well as the probability density curve. A pre-designed trust zone can be settled on the curve with designed warning value. The zone of which is applied to make comparison with the result from deducted function with experiment data to evaluate the general consistency of the experimented battery.Keywords Li-ion power battery, Prediction for SOC, Evaluation of the consistency of battery, Principle of statistics- III -目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)第1章绪论 (1)1.1 课题研究的目的及意义 (1)1.2 SOC预测方法的现状研究 (2)1.2.1 SOC预测方法的发展趋势 (3)1.2.2 常用SOC预测的算法综述 (3)1.3 锂动力电池一致性评价的现状研究 (5)1.3.1 一致性评价的研究方向 (5)1.3.2 基于参数的评价方法综述 (5)1.4 本文主要研究内容 (6)第2章锂动力电池不一致性的研究 (8)2.1 电池一致性的概念阐述 (8)2.2 不一致性的产生机理 (8)2.2.1 分析生产和储存环节 (8)2.2.2 分析成组使用环节 (10)2.3 判定电池不一致的条件 (11)2.3.1 性能参数分析 (11)2.3.2 状态参数分析 (12)2.4 电池不一致的危害 (12)2.5 改善电池不一致的方法 (13)2.5.1 改善分选环节 (13)2.5.2 改善电池均衡环节 (14)2.5.3 其它方法 (15)2.6 本章小结 (15)第3章锂动力电池SOC预测算法的研究与改进 (16)3.1 SOC预测的影响因素分析 (16)3.2 电池等效模型的建立 (17)3.2.1 等效模型的数学推导 (18)3.2.2 针对一致性评价的模型修正 (21)3.3 SCKF-STF算法的研究与仿真 (22)3.3.1 强跟踪滤波算法研究 (23)3.3.2 动力电池SOC的预测 (24)3.3.3 结果仿真与误差分析 (27)3.4 基于参数和模型修正的电池SOC预测及仿真 (29)3.4.1 性能参数修正 (29)3.4.2 对SCKF-STF预测算法的优化 (30)3.4.3 算法的仿真分析 (34)3.5 本章小结 (35)第4章基于F分布的动力电池动态一致性评价 (36)4.1 常用动态一致性评价方法的分析 (36)4.1.1 工作电压标准差评价法 (36)4.1.2 SOC离散度评价法 (37)4.2 基于F分布的动态一致性评价方法 (39)4.2.1 工作电压离散度的统计学分析 (39)4.2.2 电池不一致性的数学描述 (40)4.2.3 基于F分布的方法描述与数学推导 (41)4.3 电池一致性评价方法的验证 (44)4.4 本章小结 (46)结论 (47)参考文献 (48)攻读学位期间发表的学术论文 (53)致谢 (54)第1章绪论近年来尽管行业发展的速度逐年攀升，但快速发展所带来的环境破坏与严重污染不得不让人们关注的重点转向资源的可持续利用和能源的清洁可再生方面[1]。
动力电池售后维修流程
动力电池售后维修流程英文回答：Battery After-sales Maintenance Process.1. Customer Contact:The customer contacts the designated service center to report a battery issue.The customer provides details about the issue, including symptoms and relevant information.2. Battery Inspection:The service technician conducts a preliminary inspection of the battery to assess the issue.If necessary, the battery is removed from the vehicle for further inspection and testing.3. Diagnostic Evaluation:The technician performs diagnostic tests to identify the root cause of the battery problem.This may involve analyzing data from the battery management system (BMS) or conducting specific tests using specialized equipment.4. Repair or Replacement:If the battery can be repaired, the necessary actions are taken to fix the issue.If the battery is beyond repair, it is replaced with a new or reconditioned unit.5. Installation and Calibration:The repaired or replacement battery is installed in the vehicle.The BMS and other battery-related systems are calibrated and tested to ensure proper operation.6. Warranty Verification:The service technician verifies the warranty status of the battery.If the battery is under warranty, the repair or replacement is covered without additional charges.7. Customer Follow-Up:The customer is notified when the battery maintenance is complete.The service center provides follow-up instructions and recommendations to the customer.中文回答：动力电池售后维修流程。
锂离子电池质量分级评价规
锂离子电池质量分级评价规英文回答：Lithium-Ion Battery Quality Grading Evaluation Specifications.Introduction.Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various applications due to their high energy density, long lifespan, and low maintenance requirements. However, the quality of lithium-ion batteries can vary significantly depending on factors such as materials, manufacturing processes, and storage conditions. To ensure the reliability and safety of lithium-ion batteries, it is essential to establish quality grading evaluation specifications.Grading Criteria.The grading criteria for lithium-ion batteries should evaluate various aspects of the battery's performance and safety. Key parameters to consider include:Capacity: The amount of charge that a battery can store and deliver.Energy density: The amount of energy stored per unit volume or weight.Cycle life: The number of charge-discharge cycles that a battery can endure before reaching a specified capacity reduction.Internal resistance: The resistance to the flow of current within the battery.Voltage: The electrical potential difference between the battery's terminals.Self-discharge rate: The rate at which a battery loses its charge when not in use.Grading System.Based on the evaluation of the grading criteria,lithium-ion batteries can be assigned to different quality grades. A typical grading system may include:Grade A: Batteries with excellent performance and meet all the specified criteria.Grade B: Batteries with good performance but may have slight deficiencies in certain criteria.Grade C: Batteries with acceptable performance but may have significant deficiencies in one or more criteria.Grade D: Batteries with poor performance and fail to meet the minimum requirements.Evaluation Methods.The evaluation of lithium-ion batteries for qualitygrading can be conducted using various methods, including:Electrical testing: Measures parameters such as capacity, energy density, voltage, and internal resistance.Electrochemical testing: Analyzes the battery's chemical properties and reactions.Thermal testing: Evaluates the battery's performance under different temperature conditions.Safety testing: Assesses the battery's ability to withstand extreme conditions and potential hazards.Conclusion.Establishing comprehensive quality grading evaluation specifications is crucial for ensuring the reliability and safety of lithium-ion batteries. By evaluating key performance and safety parameters, manufacturers and consumers can effectively assess the quality of batteries and make informed choices about their use.中文回答：锂离子电池质量分级评价规范。
9 毕业论文范本
南京师范大学中北学院毕 业 设 计（论 文）（ 届）题 目： 电池评测分选生产线--装盒子系统专 业： 计算机科学与技术姓 名： 张三 学 号：指导教师： 职 称：填写日期： 年 月 日南京师范大学中北学院教务处 制隶书，小一黑体，小初黑体，一号注意：有些word 版本不一样，打开之后不同的效果，最好转换成PDF 之后看效果。
应该出现的效果见封面效果图黑体，三号届毕业论文随着人们对锂电池的广泛应用，对于锂电的需求量越来越大，其生产规模正在不断的扩大，在追求生产数量的同时，企业更加需要注重锂电池的质量，以保证电池的使用寿命以及电池的稳定性与安全性，在此条件下，科学的设计电池生产线成了锂电池高质量生产的必要保证。
电池评测分选生产线中的装盒子系统是提高锂电池产出质量的重要环节之一。
在将单体进行装盒时，必须保证装入的每一个单体都符合一定的要求，不符合要求的单体将无法完成装盒，此筛选过程即为装盒子系统中的绝对筛选；装盒完成后需要进行筛选入组的工作，根据相对筛选条件对已完成装盒的一组（120）个单体进行相对筛选，并且更换不符合相对筛选条件的单体，最终完成装组工作，进入生产线的下一个工作环节。
论文分为五个部分：绪论部分分析了当前锂电池生产的现状以及未来的发展趋势；第二部分综述了电池评测分选生产线——装盒子系统的设计与开发所涉及到的开发技术，开发工具的简要介绍；第三部分介绍了装盒子系统各模块的功能；第四部分详述了电池评测分选生产线——装盒子系统的实现；第五部分总结了在装盒子系统开发过程中遇到的问题，解决方案以及实施的情况。
关键词：Java SE ；MySQL ；程序开发；生产线系统；装盒关键词：黑体四号，首行缩进2字符。
从“中文摘要”开始，与“封面”分节！ 插入页码， 居中，把中文摘要页设为第一空一行页眉：宋体，小五，加页眉横线南京师范大学中北学院2021届毕业论文AbstractWith the wide application of lithium batteries, people’s demand of lithium battery is more and more large, the production scale is constantly expanding. When we want to receive large production, at the same time, enterprises should pay more attention to the quality of the lithium battery, its aim is to ensure the stability and safety of the service life of the battery and the quality of the battery. On this condition, the design of the battery production line science became necessary to ensure the high quality of the production of lithium batteries.The packing subsystem is one of the important parts to improve the quality of lithium battery. When we want to put battery cells into boxes, we must ensure that each single cells are according to certain requirements. If the cells can not meet the certain requirements, they will be unable to put into the box. After finishing putting cells into boxes, then according to the relative conditions on the finished box of a group (120 single cells) with a single relative screening, and replace the battery cells if they can not match to the relative conditions. Finally completed the whole work, the next process is linking into the production line.The graduation thesis is divided into five parts: the introduction part analyzes the current situation of the production of lithium batteries and the development trend of the future; the second part summarizes the design and development of battery sorting box production line evaluation system involved in the development of technology, introduces the development tools; the third part introduces the system function module box; the fourth part details the implementation--battery sorting box production line evaluation system; the fifth part summarizes the encounter in the box in the process of system development problems, solutions and implementation.Key words : Java Platform; Standard Edition; MySQL; Eclipse; program development;production line system; box标题：黑体，三号内容：Time New Roman,小四号，1.25倍行间距Key words ：黑体四号，首行缩进2字符。
锂离子电池质量安全评估及标准体系解读
锂离子电池质量安全评估及标准体系解读发布时间：2021-12-31T07:42:26.093Z 来源：《电力设备》2021年第11期作者：安创文刘铁东罗静马晓锐张斌* [导读] 科技进步和人类社会需求推动着各种化学储能电源的技术迭代和新型化学电源的诞生。
（深圳市计量质量检测研究院广东深圳）摘要：质量安全评估及标准体系建设对有效管控产品质量安全的至关重要。
锂离子电池由于自身材料体系的原因具有潜在的危险性，在较为极端的情况下可能出现起火、爆炸、燃烧的安全事故，造成人员伤亡或者财产损失。
通过锂离子电池质量安全评估模式、实例的阐述及标准体系的解读，揭示管控锂离子电池质量安全的有效途径，为政府、技术机构、企业人员提供参考，为消费者提供警示。
关键词：锂离子电池质量安全评估标准Quality safety assessment and standard System interpretation of Lithium ion batteries Abstract: Quality and safety assessment and standard system construction is very important to effectively control product quality and safety.Lithium ion batteries are potentially dangerous due to their own material systems. In extreme cases, fire, explosion and combustion accidents may occur, resulting in casualties or property losses.The effective ways to control the quality and safety of lithium ion batteries are revealed through the description of the quality and safety assessment model, examples and interpretation of the standard system, providing reference for the government, technical institutions and enterprise personnel, and warning for consumers.Key words: Lithium ion battery, quality, safety, evaluation, standard1.引言科技进步和人类社会需求推动着各种化学储能电源的技术迭代和新型化学电源的诞生。
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Basic construction of Ni-CD and Ni-MH Battery. Evaluation of Battery charging and discharging. Evaluation of Battery application.
Testing methods for the battery. Problems related to “0V” battery.
Pressure
Tme 0
Evaluation of battery application:
Testing methods for the battery 1.Voltage and internal resistance test
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Test the income voltage of battery. Charge battery at 1CmA for – delta V = 15mV/cell and rest for 1 hour. Test 1)Open circuit voltage(OCV) of battery. 2)Internal resistance of the battery by LCR equipment. 3)Close circuit voltage(CCV) of battery with a 0.75 load.
City university of Hong Kong
Industrial Attachment Scheme(2002) Training program for students
Training company: Techtronic Industries Co,Ltd.
Battery application evaluation
the battery voltage during charging
the battery pressure during charging the battery temperature during charging
V / 0C / Pa x 10-5
Voltage
Temperature
(Cylindrical shape)
(Tow shapes)
Evaluation of battery discharging
Voltage level during discharge Current drain of discharge Temperature of battery during discharge
Basic construction of Ni-CD & Ni-MH battery
For BYD’ s Ni-CD battery, consist of positive and negative plates, separator, alkaline electrolyte metal case,e.t.c. For BYD’ s Ni-MH battery, consist of a positive plate containing nickel hydroxide as its principle active materials, a negative plate mainly composed of hydrogen – absorbing alloys, a separator made of find fibers, an alkaline electrolyte
Voltage level during discharge
Voltage Ideal curve
1.4V Curve 1
Curve 2
0
Discharge time
Current drain of discharge
Voltage
2- 0.2C 3- 0.5C 4-1C 5-2C
Ideal curve
Problem related to “0V” battery
Reasons:
Severe shock and vibration
Characteristics (e.g. capacity, internal resistance) of every battery is the not same. Some batteries with strong self-discharge property
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3. Overcharging test
Charge batteries at 0.2CmA for 48 hours, or, Charge batteries at 1CmA for 5 hours.
4. Short circuit test
Charge battery at 1CmA until –delta V = 15mV/ cell and short battery for 1 hour.
(at 200C)
2
Discharge time 0 5 4 3
Temperature of battery during discharge
Voltage
( T4 > T3 > T2 > T1
where T4
= 200 C )
T4
T3
T1
T2
Discharge time
Evaluation of batter battery vs Ni-MH battery
Ni-MH is environmental friendly, but Ni-CD is not Ni-MH batteries have approximately double the capacity compared with Ni-CD batteries. Ni-MH is less tolerant of overcharge and requires control of cut off of the charge High rate performance of Ni-MH is not good as Ni-CD. Ni-MH is more expensive than NI-CD.
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Switch problem analysis
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Component construction of switch A, B+, B, C grade switch (Baicheng) Principles of switch operation on-off switch two speed switch variable switch Evaluation of switch characteristics Evaluation of switch application failure of variable speed switch
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2. Capacity test
Charge batteries at 1CmA until – delta V = 15mV/cell and rest for 1 hour. Discharge to 1.0 V/cell at 0.2 CmA. Record 5th/s test data. Discharge capacity = Discharge time x Discharge current.