GMAT作文高分突破

Issue命题形式对应模板1.陈述命题1)开头As is well known and has often been described. Although this issue discussed is a complex and controversial one, I strongly agree/disagree with the speaker/author in the finally specific analysis.The discussion of the issue among individuals and in society as a whole has come to vogue during the last decade. In my point of view, I agree/disagree the speaker and there are many instances supporting my view.Contrary to the speaker’s statement, my view is that...My position is well supported by common sense and by observation.The issue of 原题的立场arouses much disagreement among people of different backgrounds. Although many people, like the author, believe that 原作者的观点, I would insist that 自己的观点2)正文i)In the first place, the reason why I have such view is that 观点一. To illustrate this point,there is an example that is very persuasive 举例. Under this circumstance, it is obvious that...In the second place (Furthermore), much evidence has shown that 观点二. Just imagine what would be like if 反面叙述观点二. Hence, another equally important aspect is that 观点二》Finally, to understand the truth of 原题的论述，it is also necessary to see 观点三. For example...ii)Of course/Admittedly, it may be true that 对立观点的某些长处in some conditions.However, this alone does not constitute a sufficient support to 对立观点. When the advantage and disadvantage of my view and the adversary points are carefully compared, the most striking conclusion is obvious3)结尾Given the reasons discussed above, which sometimes intertwine to form an organic whole and thus become more persuasive, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that...Consequently, due to the above-mentioned reasons, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that...2.解释命题1)赞同The quotation means that...The view is accurate to reflect the social realities, and I strongly agree with it2)反对The quotation means that...The opinion seems to be immature, and I disagree with it for the following three reasons.While the claim seemed plausible in the abstract, it ignores many practical problems.While the view is admirable in the abstract, the statement is inaccurate in that it fails to reflect... 3.二者比较选择命题1)What is better (more important/more compelling/ more persuasive): A or B? Different peoplehave different answers due to their perspective of view. However, I shall agree that ... for three reasons addressed below.In conclusion, due to the above-mentioned reasons, I believe that...2)The controversy describes the dilemma faced by many people in this era. Some people claimsthat ..., while others inserts that ... As far as I’m concerned, I support the latter, because there are too many benefits that outnumber its disadvantages not to support it.From the above discussion we see that even though the dilemma still exists, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that...3)The issue of whether... is a complex one, since it involves a conflict between A and B Thechoice, nevertheless, is not easy to make. In my point of view, whether one has advantages over the other depends on the specific circumstances (depends on a case-by-case analysis of the two situations)A is very important under some circumstances, for example... On the other hand...B is somewhat important as well. We can see that... On the other hand...In sum, decisions should be made through a case-by-case analysis, and 结论4.是否选择题5.开放式命题GMAT Issue范文“People often complain that products are not made to last, they feel that making products that wear out fairly quickly wastes both natural and human resources. What they fail to see, however, is that such manufacturing practices keep costs down for the consumer and simulate demand.”Many people feel that products are not made so last, and correspondingly, many natural and human resources are wasted. On the other hand, it can be noted that such manufacturing practice keep costs down and hence simulate demand. In this discussion, I shall present arguments favoring the former statement and refuting the latter statement.Products that are not made so last waste a great deal of natural and human resources. The exact amount of wasted natural resources depends on the specific product. For example, in the automobile industry, the Yugo is the classical example of an underpriced vehicle that was not made to last. Considering that the average Yugo had (not “has” since they are no longer produced!)a life expectancy of two years and 25,000 miles, it was a terrible waste.Automobile industry standards today create vehicles that are warranted for about five years and 50,000 miles. By producing cheap Yugos that last half as long as most cars are warranted, the Yugo producer is wasting valuable natural resources. These same resources could be used by Ford or Toyota to produce an Escort or Tercel that will last twice as long, thereby reducing the usage of natural resources by a factor or two.Human resources in this example are also wasteful. On a production side, manufacturers of a poor quality automobile, like the Yugo, get no personal or professional satisfaction from the fact that their product is the worst automobile in the Unite States. This knowledge adversely affects the productivity of the Yugo workers.Conversely, the workers at the Saturn plants constantly receive positive feedback on theirsuccessful products. Saturn prides itself with its reputation for quality and innovation-as is seen in its recent massive recall to fix a defect. This recall was handled so well that Saturn’s image was actually bolstered. Had a recall occurred at Y ugo plant, the bad situation would have been even worse.Another factor in the human resources area is the reaction by the consumer. A great deal of human resources have been wasted by Yugo owners waiting for the dread tow truck to show up to haul away the Yugo owners waiting for the dreaded tow truck to show up to haul away the Yugo carcass. Any vehicle owner who is uncertain of his/her vehicle’s performance at 7 AM as he/she is about to drive to work, senses a great deal of despair. This is a great waste of human resources for the consumer.While the consumer senses the waste of natural and human resources in a poor quality product, so does the manufacturer. People who argue that low quality manufacturing processes keep costs low for the consumer and hence stimulate demand should look at the Yugo example. In the mid-1980’s the Yugo was by far the cheapest car in the Unite States at $3995. By 1991, the Yugo was no longer sold here and was synonymous with the word “lemon”.Argument模板1.The Biased-Sample FallacyFirst, the conclusion unjustifiably relies on a survey/poll/study that... The arguer does not provide any evidence or information to confirm the reliability of the survey/poll/study, because the survey/poll/study fails to indicate who concluded the poll/study, who responded, or how the survey/poll/study was conducted to lend the credibility to these claims. Moreover, the responders/persons who are more likely to have the opinion on the topic of are different from the population at large, so the data draw from the survey are unrepresentative/vague to support what the arguer claim.2.The Insufficient Sample FallacyFirst of all, the statistics cited in the editorial may be misleading because the total number of ... is not specified. For example, if ... the fact that ... provides strong support for the conclusion. On the other hand, if ... the conclusion is much weakened. The data in the argument, while suggestive of this, is insufficient to warrant the conclusion because there is no reason to believe that the data from this is sufficient to demonstrate the issue.3.The Fallacy of Hasty GeneralizationIn the first place, the arguer assumes that ... This assumption is questionable because it overlooks a number of other factors that might have contributed to the ... For example, ...or it might ... Yet other possibility is that ... These are just a few of the factors that could help explain... Because the arguer fails to eliminate these possibilities, he commits the fallacy of hasty generalization, and the assumption in question need not be accepted.First, the conclusion that ... is based on too small a sample to be reliable. The only evidence offered in support of this conclusion is the fact that... Unless it can be shown that ...is typical of ..., the fact that ... is not grounds for concluding that... The generalization that the author draws from the single sample cannot be considered reliable, and the conclusion in the argument is much weak.4.The Fallacy of Faulty AnalogyTo begin with, A and B are too dissimilar for meaningful comparison, because the former is ... while the latter is ...B is likely to derivate the fact that A... So we cannot unfairly assume that ... And the claim that... fails to take this possibility into account. From this point, it is obvious that the author commits the fallacy of fault analogy.The first problem with the argument is that it rests on faulty analogy between... and ...The first problem with the argument is that the arguer commits the fallacy of false analogy between... and ...The line of reasoning is that because...Although both ... and ... have the similarity that..., we cannot neglect the essential difference that ... to make the comparison nonsense.As a result, the conclusion draw through the analogy is unacceptable unless the arguer provides substantial evidence to verify the efficiency of analogy5.The “After This, Therefore Because of This” Fallacy/Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc)To begin with, this argument is a classic instance of “after this, because of this” reasoning. The mere fact that... is insufficient to conclude that it was the cause of these events. Many other factors could bring about these same results. For example... Therefore, to argue that ... the cause of ... without additional information and auxiliary hypotheses that make a causal connection plausible is to commit the...First of all, the author assumes that B caused A.This argument commits the fallacy of assuming that just because A follows B, the second event has been caused by the first.The causal claim based on the correlation is premature unless the author can rule out other factors.For example, perhaps ... and perhaps...Yet another possibility is that...6.The “All Things Are Equal” FallacyIn addition, the conclusion in this argument depends on the questionable assumption that the background conditions in A have remained unchanged in B... since 时间过去了几年. Admittedly, ...Yet... for significant changes in ... Any of these factors can affect AThis author claims that... because...This is an unwarranted assumption because things rarely remain the same from place to place/over extended periods of time.Even,,,, but there are all kinds of difference between A and B, such as...We cannot safely assume that...7.The Fallacy of Equivocation... is too vague to be meaningful. However, the author fails to provide a second term to clarify the blur conception. We are not informed whether... This uninformative comparison by the phase... is worthless as evidence from which to judge the wisdom of Cumquat’s decisions to relocate.8.False DilemmaThe first problem that the argument suffers is that based on the false dilemma, because the arguer, ignoring the other methods relative to the issue, unfairly assumes that we only have two methods addressing...The line of reasoning in this argument is that...However, there are many other methods for the company to choose...As a result, it is implausible to draw the conclusion without taking these methods into account.9.Causal OversimplificationTo begin with, the author’s solution to the problem rests on the assumption that ... However the evidence offered in the argument is insufficient to support this assumption, and a mere positive correlation between CAUSE and EFFECT does not necessarily prove a causal relationship.In addition, all other prospective causes of EFFECT must be rule out.As it stands, the author’s solution to the problem is based upon an oversimplified analysis of the issue.10.Irrational Appeals...are issues that affect people emotionally.The argument at hand might have been intentionally oversimplified for the specific purpose of ...Arguments that bypass relevant, complex reasoning in favor of stirring up emotions do nothing to establish their conclusions.GMAT Argument范文The following appeared in the editorial section of a monthly business news magazine.“Most companies would agree that as the risk of physical injury occurring on the job increases, the wages paid for employees should also increase. Hence it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer: they would thus reduce their payroll expenses and save money.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanation or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.This argument states that it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer because by making the working place safer then lower the wages could be paid to employees. This conclusion is based on the premise that the list of physical injury increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. However, there are several assumptions that may not be apply to this argument. For example, the costs associated with making the workplace safe must outweigh the increased payroll expenses due to hazardous conditions. Also, one must look at the plausibility of improving the work environment. And finally, because most companies agree that as the risk of injury increases so will wages doesn’t necessarily mean that all the companies which have hazardous work environments agree.The first issue to be addressed is whether increased labor costs justify large capital expenditures to improve the work environment. Clearly one could argue that if making the workplace safe would cost an exorbitant amount of money in comparison to leaving the workplace as it is and payingslightly increased wages, then it would not make sense to improve the working environment. For example, if making the workplace safe would cost $100 million versus additional payroll expenses of $5,000 per year, it would make financial sense to simply pay the increased wages. No business or business owner with any sense would pay that all extra money just to save a couple dollars and improve employee health and relations. To consider this, a cost benefit analysis should be the determining factor with regard to making social, moral and ethical sense.This argument also relies on the idea that companies solely use financial sense in analyzing improving the work environment. This is not the case. Companies look at other considerations such as the negative social ramifications of high on-job injures. For example, Toyota spends large amounts of money improving its environment because while its goal is to be profitable, it also prides of itself on high employee morale and an almost perfectly safe work environment. However, Toyota finds that it can do both, as by improving employee health and employee relations they are guaranteed a more motivated staff, and hence a more efficient staff,; this guarantees more money for the business as well as more safety for the employees.Finally one must understand that not all work environments can be made safer. For example, in the case of coal mining, a company only has limits ways of making the work environment safe. While companies may be able to ensure some safety precautions, they may not be able to provide all the safety precautions, they may not be able to provide all the safety measures necessary. In other words, a mining company has limited ability to control the air quality within a coal mine and therefore it cannot control the risk of employees getting blacklung. In other words, regardless of the intent of the company, some jobs are simply dangerous in nature.In conclusion, while at first it may seem to make financial sense to improve the safety of the work environment sometimes it truly does not make financial sense. Furthermore, financial sense may not be the only issue that a company faces. Other types of analyses must be made such as the social ramifications of an unsafe work environment and the overall ability of a company to improve that environment (i.e. coal mine). Before any decision is made, all this things must be considered, not simply the reduction of payroll expenses.。