考研 2 speech_sounds

Trills颤音, where taps are repeated in rapid succession. 14 The double /r/ of Spanish "perro" is a trill.
2.3
2.3.1 Coarticulation协同发音 The variation that a speech sound undergoes under the influence of neighboring sounds has acquired the well-established label ‘coarticulation’
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8.The word film contains a syllabic consonant. 9./ə/, schwa中性元音、弱读, is a diphthong. 10.The hard roof of mouth is called hard
palate. 11.A phoneme in one lg or one dialect may be an allophone in another lg or dialect. 12.In the sound writing system, the reference of the grapheme字母 is the phoneme.
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2.Speech organs
The vocal cords Three main functions: Tightly closed --- glottal stop Brought together --- voiced Wide open --- voiceless
The resonating cavities The pharynx The nasal cavity The oral cavity
Nor both in bother, broth in brother, And here is not a match for there Nor dear and fear for bear and pear, And then there‟s dose and rose and lose – Just look them up – and goose and choose, And cork and work and card and ward, And font and front , and word and sword, And do and go and thwart and cart – Come, come I‟ve hardly made a start! A dreadful language? Man alive. I‟d mastered it when I was five!
Retroflex卷舌音, tongue curled back to face the palate (tongue curled so tip of underside touches the roof of the mouth) /r/ Velar软腭音, between the tongue and back palate (velum, “soft palate”) /k/,/g/,/η/ Uvular, between the tongue and uvula (back of throat) /ε/ Nasal, any of the above-listed positions pronounced with the velum lowered to allow air to pass through the nose (technically a place, but generally considered as a manner of articulation)
讲义二 Speech
Sounds
Grace Tan
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T/F
1.the word HOUR contains a diphthong and a pure

vowel. 2.The sound /p/ in the word “expressive” is pronounced as a voiceless consonant. 3.Broad transcription represents phonemes of a lg whereas narrow transcription denotes its particular allophones. 4./O/ is a mid-high back rounded vowel. 5.The voiced dental fricative is /z/. 6.Allophones are described in phonetic terms. 7./n/ is one of syllabic consonants.
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Manners of articulation Approximants通音, (semivowels or liquids), where the sound is only partially obstructed. /w j r m n η/. Lateral approximants, such as the English /l/, is a special type of approximant formed at one or both sides of the tongue.
Postalveolar, between the palatal ridge and tongue, behind alveolar position /∫ʒ/ Palatal, between the tongue and the palate ("hard palate") /j/
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Places of articulation
Fricatives, or spirants摩擦音, where there is continuous friction at the place of articulation. /f/, /v/,/s/,/z/, / θ /,/ð/,/∫/,/ʒ, /h/. Sibilants咝擦音 are a special type of fricative where the airflow is shaped by the form of the tongue. /s/ /z/ Lateral fricatives are yet another type of fricative, where the friction occurs on one or both side of the edge of the tongue. /l/of the Welsh language
Plosives, or stops, an "explosion" resulting from a momentary closure and then release of air. Examples include English /p/, /b/, /t/,/d/,/k/, /g/.
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Manners of articulation
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Hints on Pronunciation for Foreigners
By T. S. W.
I take iБайду номын сангаас you already know A moth is not a moth in mother
Of tough and bough and cough and dough? Others may stumble, but not you, On hiccough, thorough, lough and through? Well done! And now you wish, perhaps, To learn of less familiar traps? Beware of heard, a dreadful word That looks like beard and sounds like bird, And dead: it‟s said like bed, not bead – For goodness sake don‟t call it “deed”! Watch out for meat and great and threat (They rhyme with suite and straight and debt).
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Places of articulation
Bilabial, between the lips /p b m/
Labiodental, between the lip and teeth /f v/ Dental, between the top teeth and tongue tip /θð / Alveolar, between the gum ridge and tongue, above dental /t d n s z l/
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Manners of articulation
Nasals, where there is a total blockage and the sound instead goes through the nose. Examples include English /m/, /n/, /η/.
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Try this:

cough women nation So „ghoti‟ is ______[fi∫]
"Ghoti" is popularly attributed to George
Bernard Shaw, one of the most eminent proponents of English spelling reform.