非谓语动词作状语(2)
高考英语非谓语动词作状语的用法 知识点
分考点1 不定式作状语Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。
To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music.麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。
【特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。
Point 2 作结果状语。
常表示令人意外的结果。
Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果Enough to do 足够做...Too...to do 太...而不能.....So/such... as to...如此...以至于....I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out.我昨晚去找他。
结果发现他出去了。
（表示出乎意料的结果）Mary is too tired to do the job.玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。
He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。
Point 3 作原因状语。
常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”。
Tom was very happy to see his mother.汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。
非谓语动词作状语全解讲解
非谓语动词作状语全解不定式和分词作状语的用法一、不定式作状语可以作:1. 主要用作目的状语。
常与 in order to do (为了或 so as to do(以便连用。
so as to 不用于居首。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。
He sat down to have a rest.他坐下来休息。
He went to France to learn French。
他去法国学习法语。
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。
They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路。
(停下来的目的2.作结果状语。
表示出乎意料的结果。
做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:to find, to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make, to produce 等。
He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了。
He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。
His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf. 这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。
He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
非谓语动词做状语---专题语法
非谓语动词做状语---专题语法非谓语做状语，相对比较简单。
常见的考法是有一个逗号连接两个不完整的句子，例如：（1）To acquire some social experience, I plan to go to a foreign company to do part-time work during the summer vacation.（2016年高考英语新课标卷1书面表达）为了获得社会经验，我计划这个暑假去一家外国公司做兼职工作。
在这个例子中，非谓语部分在开头，逗号前。
（2）China’s Chang’e-4 probe has become the first spacecraft to land the far side of the moon, marking a milestone in space exploration. 中国的嫦娥4号探测器首次从月球背面成功着陆，这是太空探索的里程碑。
非谓语在逗号后。
常见的形式有以下几种：具体的考察方式分为以下几类：1. 非谓语作状语，一般情况下要看清楚与句子主语的逻辑关系（1）主动A. 作状语的非谓语动词和句子主语构成主动关系，并且动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用doing形式。
Singing songs, we headed for our school. 唱着歌，我们出发去了我们学校。
句中sing与we构成主动关系，且动作与head同时发生，故用singing。
B. 作状语的非谓语动词和句子主语构成主动关系，并且动作已完成时，用having done 的形式。
Having finished my homework, I played basketball with my classmates.完成我的作业后，我和我的同学们一起打篮球。
C. 作状语的非谓语动词和句子主语构成主动关系，并且动作未发生时，用to do的形式。
To make it easy, I explained the theory as clearly as possible.为了使这个理论简单，我尽可能清楚地解释这个理论。
非谓语动词做状语
非谓语动词做状语非谓语动词作为状语是指在句子中不能作谓语，但可以做状语的动词形式。
它可以作时间、原因、条件、让步、结果等状语，可以提供句子里的信息，使句子充实而生动。
一、非谓语动词作时间状语1.由过去分词组成的状语过去分词表示过去发生的动作，常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中，作时间状语，突出主句动作应该在过去发生。
如：He left without saying goodbye, leaving me standing there alone.他没有说再见就走了，留下我独自站在那里。
2.由现在分词组成的状语现在分词表示正在进行的动作，常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中，作时间状语，突出主句动作应该正在进行。
如：She comes to visit us every week, bringing us some nice food.她每周都会来看望我们，并带来一些美食。
3.由having done 组成的状语having done 表示过去已经完成的动作，常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中，作时间状语，突出主句动作应该在过去完成的动作之后发生。
如：Having finished the exam, he went home and had a good rest.考试结束之后，他回家好好休息了。
二、非谓语动词作原因状语由because of，due to，owing to，thanks to等引导，接名词或动词不定式，作原因状语，表示主句动作的原因。
如：Because of the heavy rain, we had to cancel our picnic.由于下雨，我们不得不取消野餐了。
三、非谓语动词作条件状语由if，unless，in case，on condition that，provided (that)，supposing (that)等引导，接动词不定式，作条件状语，表示“假设”的意思，表示主句动作的前提，即要想主句动作成立，必须满足什么条件。
非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语1. 作目的状语只能用不定式不定式作状语表示目的时前面可用in order或so as以示强调, 也可将不定式或in order加不定式置于句首（so as较少置于句首）。
如：To ensure the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.(上海2007春)2．不定式和动词-ing形式作结果状语不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果，不定式前常加only。
另外，还可用于too ... to ..., enough to ..., so / such ... as to等结构中。
动词-ing形式表示的结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果（同时发生），谓语动词与动词-ing形式表示的动作是因果关系。
如：He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. (广东2005)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, reaching a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4. (山东2005)3. 在表示时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况时，通常要用动词-ing形式或过去分词，不用不定式。
句子主语与动词-ing形式在逻辑上是主动关系，句子主语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系。
如：Faced with a bill for $10,000, John has taken an extra job.(陕西2006)Don’t sit there doing nothing. Come and help me with this table. (湖北2006) 注意：（1）作方式或伴随状语时常用过去分词，习惯上不用动词-ing形式的被动式。
高考英语之非谓语动词作状语
高考英语之非谓语动词作状语高考英语的状语在句中主要修饰动词，形容词和句子，非谓语作状语常表：目的，时间，条件，结果，伴随，原因，让步，方式等。
下面为大家作进一步讲解。
1.to do 作状语,常表目的状语，结果状语，原因状语。
（1）表目的，译为“为了“例如：——Ｉget some money from the bank to buy you a gift.我从银行取了些钱，为了给你买份礼物。
——To be admitted into a key university, he buried himself into study.为了被重点大学录取，他专心致志于学习。
解析：to do 放句首，表强调。
另外：in order to , so as to 也表目的状语。
So as to 不放句首。
（2）表结果，常使用only/just to do, 却…，表意料之外的不良后果。
so/such ……as to do如此……以至于, ……enough to do，足够，too……to太……而不能……结构。
例如：——She is such a lazy girl as not to pass the exam.她是如此懒一个女孩，（以至于）没有及格。
解析：so 用法为So + adj. +a/an +n. 。
such用法为such + a/an +adj.+ n. 。
too 后用法与so相同。
Enough 前常用adj. 和adv. 。
注：n. 表名词。
adj.表形容词。
adv. 表副词。
——She hurried to the station , only to be told the train had left.她匆忙赶到车站，却被告知，火车已经离开了。
解析：only to do ,表意料之外的事，此处told 与she 之间为被动关系。
（3）作原因状语，常用在表情感，态度等形容词后。
例如：happy,surprised ,sorry 等。
非谓语做状语的用法
非谓语做状语的用法非谓语动词可以作状语有四种主要用法：1）动词现在分词和过去分词表示时间、条件方式让步或伴随的状况：这个用法中，如果句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系，我们要用现在分词。
若句子主语与非谓语动词是被动关系，就要使用过去分词或现代分词的被动式。
例：The crowd dispersed, chattering still about the shocking scene. 人群渐渐散去，路上人们还小声谈论着那惊人的场景。
2）动词不定式作目的状语：动词的不定式形式可以单独使用表目的，也可用在短语so as to do sth.或in order to do sth.之类里面。
如果这类的目的状语用在句首，通常后面需要加一个逗号隔开。
如：To win the election, he must make sure that the citizens support his vision for urban development. 想要赢得选举，他必须确保市民们支持他的城市发展愿景。
3）分词短语表示原因：非谓语动词作状语的这个用法可以置于句首，也可以放在句末，多用逗号隔开。
如：Seeing the effectiveness of mask wearing for preventing the spread of COVID, many European countries also started enforcing the use of masks. 看到戴口罩对预防新冠肺炎传播的有效性，许多欧洲国界也开始增强对口罩使用的要求。
4）不定式或现在分词表示结果：这两者分别在于不定式表示结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，有时表示未曾预料或令人不愉快的，不定式前常加only；现在分词表示结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果。
例如：He rushed to his office, only to realise that it was a public holiday. 他急忙赶到了他的办公室，才想起来那天是公共假日。
2022考研英语：非谓语动词作状语的用法
2022考研英语：非谓语动词作状语的用法清明小长假来袭，这是各位考生在年后的第一个节假日，都教授提醒大家，千万不要松懈哦，头脑中学习的弦要紧绷，一旦松下来会花费更多的时间来绷紧。
下面都教授就带各位考生来学习一下非谓语动词作状语的情况以及对该状语在语言层面、逻辑层面进行解析。
在对非谓语动词作状语这类句子的理解中，包括逻辑层面和语义层面上，尤其是非谓语作状语时，考生一定要注意其充当原因或结果的可能性，因为这些在考研中经常会成为潜在的隐形考点，下面都教授就通过几个例子带大家来分析一下。
【例1】Feeling threatened , companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels , trying to anticipate every possible accident。
【解析】●语言层面感觉到收到了威胁，公司通过书写冗长的警示标签作为回应，尝试着希望能够预测到没一起可能的事故。
●逻辑层面原因：感觉受到了威胁结果：写警告作为回应表示因果的手段：非谓语动词作状语【例2】Fed up with increasing rates , customers , notably chemical , coal , and agribusiness companies , are complaining that these are evidence that the railroads are abusing their market power。
(Economist July , 2022)【解析】●语言层面客户们特别是化工、煤炭和农业公司，已经受够了价格的上涨，他们抱怨道：这些就是铁路部门正在滥用其市场权力的证据。
●逻辑层面原因：受够了价格的上涨。
结果：他们开始抱怨。
表示因果的手段：非谓语动词作状语。
【例3】Observers doubt that this aggressive target that some 40% of Prada s revenues in America will come from the internet in 5 years is realistic , nothing that it currently sells only bags , wallets and other accessories online , not its main clothing and footwear collections。
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D his hand 7. He looked around and caught a man ____ into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
B 8. The manager, ________ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room. A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making
1. 分词（v-ing; v-ed）作状语 用分词作状语的形式改写下列句子
1) When I walked in the street, I came across an old friend. Walking in _____ the ______, street I came across an old friend. ______ ____ 时间状语 2) He was ill, so he didn’t go to school. Being _____, ill he didn’t go to school. 原因状语 _____ 3) If you see the earth from space, it looks blue. 条件状语 _____ Seen ______ from _______, space the earth looks blue. 4) She walked out of the house with her little girl following her. followed _____ by her little She walked out of the house, ________ girl. 伴随状语
Having been done
2. 不定式作状语
原因 状语) (1) I’m pleased to be invited to the party. ( ______ (2) To pass the exam, he worked hard. 目的 状语) ( ______
(3) He woke up only to find everyone gone. ( 结果 ______ 状语)
不定式作状语，通常表示原因、目的和结果，不定式 同样与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主动或被动关系
练习：
比较下面两个句子：
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.
偶然的、意想不到的结果
Football is played all over the world, making it the most popular sport.
3. Since 1994, the glacier in Antarctica has lowered by as B much as 90cm, _____sea level to rise. A. having caused B. causing C. caused D. being caused
一个简单句中只能有一套谓语动词， 判断句子正误，并对错的加以改正。 其余的动词用非谓语形式 1. There are several boys play basket ball F playing on the playground. 2. Her husband went to America, left her living leaving alone in London. F 在并列句和复合句当中，才会有两套 3. I finished my homework, then I began to play ∧ 以上的谓语动词连用的情况。 and the game. F 4. Because I finished my homework, and I began F to play the game. 5. Having finished my homework, I began to play T the game. 6. Improving his English, he went to attend an F English course. To improve
7) Because he hadn’t finished his work, he was punished. Not _______ having ________ finished his work, he was punished. _____ 8) After we had been shown around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest. Having_____ been _____ shownaround the Water Cube, we were ______ then taken to see the Bird’s Nest.
形式 Doing
意义 与句中主语成主动关系 与谓语动作同时发生，或基本同时发生 与句中主语成主动关系 先于谓语动词发生 与句中主语成被动关系 与句中主语成被动关系，与谓语动作 同时发生，一般置于句首作原因状语 与句中主语成被动关系 且先于谓语动作而发生
Having done
Done
Being done
自然而然的、意料之中的结果
3. 独立成分作状语
Judging from _____ _____ media reports(由媒体的报道判断), the result has been unclear. Taking everything into consideration ___ ______ ____ ______ （考虑到各种因素），the result is better than expected. ___ ____ the ___ _____ To ____ tell you truth (说实话), your proposal has been turned down. 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受 上下文的影响，称作独立成分作状语。类似的短语有： Generally/strictly/frankly…speaking, talking of…提及，谈到 considering…, seeing…(考虑到…) To be frank/honest/exact , to begin/start with, to sum up （总而言之，概括地说） To make things/matters worse (更糟糕的是）
分词作状语的基本原则
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句 子的主语保持一致，分词和句中主语构成 逻辑上的主动或被动关as left alone at home, he didn’t feel afraid at all. 让步状语 ________ alone at home, he didn’t feel afraid at all. Left 6) Her parents died, which left her an orphan. Her parents died, ________ leaving her an orphan. 结果状语 7) Because he hadn’t finished his work, he was punished. _____ Not _______ having ________ finished his work, he was punished. 8) After we had been shown around the Water Cube, were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest. ______ _____ Having been _____ shownaround the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest.
有时，分词作状语，分词可以带有自己独立的逻辑主语， 思考： 分词和其逻辑主语之间依然构成主动或被动关系。这种 上面分词的逻辑主语分别是什么？分词和逻辑主语之间 “逻辑主语 什么关系？ +分词”的结构被称为分词的独立主格结构， 在句中只能作状语。
练习 1. _____ D time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
B along the quiet road at forty miles an hour, 2. ____ and then an old man suddenly started to cross the road in front of me. A. Driving B. I was driving C. Having driven D. When I was driving
4. 分词的独立主格结构
permitting（permit）, we’ll go out for a Weather _________ picnic. finished （finish）, the boy went out Homework _________ to play. covered The boy rushed into the classroom, his face ________ (cover) with sweat. All thingsconsidered _______ (consider), your article is of greater value than hers.
5) Though he was left alone at home, he didn’t feel afraid at all. 让步状语 ________ alone at home, he didn’t feel afraid at all. Left 6) Her parents died, which left her an orphan. Her parents died, ________ leaving her an orphan. 结果状语