简单句的6种类型和句子成分的分析
英语句子的成分及简单句的五种基本句式
英语句子的成分及简单句的五种基本句式Ⅰ. ▲句子成分分类1．主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。
大多数主语都在句首。
如：We didn’t have enough time to think about problems by ourselves. We had to do muchhomework after class. She enjoys reading books and listening to music.Every coin has two sides（任何事物都有两面性）Three are enough.To spit in public is not polite. What to do next is not clear.Seeing English films is a good way to learn English well.Shopping on line has many advantages.What we need is food.▲在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。
如：It took two workers about three months to build the house.I t’s our duty to protect the environment.It’s very exciting not to have extra classes on holidays.It is important for us to obey traffic rules.On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to go online2．谓语:谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
英语简单句句型分析
The worker ran fast.
不及物 动词
The doctor listened carefully.
主谓结构（SV） =
The duck is swimming.
主语+谓语动词
The girl dances well.
The woman walks slowly.
The boy is fishing.
他们放风筝。
They fly the kites.
风筝在天上飞。 The kites fly in the sky.
She teaches us.
She teaches us English. She teaches English.
She told me a story.
及物 动词
He gave me a present.
He likes basketball game.
He plays computer games every day.
及物 动词
He is playing the guitar now.
主谓宾结构（SVO） =主语+谓语+宾语
He played soccer yesterday.
有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词， 那就要看意思上的区别了：
不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / … She smiled happily. They laughed loudly. 如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助: She look at the blackboard He listened to his teacher They laughed at us match. carefully. in class. after the
英语句子成分分析
(V) exercise. (不及物动词)like (及物动词) are(系动词)gave a pen. (及物动词) (直接 (间接宾语) 宾语) He made the boy laugh.(及物动词)一．句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，即：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
二．句子的类型1. 句子按其结构可分为以下几种类型 构成由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个 谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。
由并列连词(and, so, but, or 等)把 两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起 而构成的句子。
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从 句构成的句子。
2. 简单句的五种基本句型( Five Kinds of Simple Sencences )表语Predicative (P)第 1 种S+V 第 2 种S+V+O 第 3 种S+V+P 第 4 种S+V+indirect O+direct O 第 5 种 S+V+O+OCAn American girl.She often goes to the movies. We are both quiet.He has a toothache.His parents teach math. Her mother is a bank clerk . Are you ready ? It tastes great . We were at home last night.Let me tell you what he is like.He’s playing soccer . Can I ask some questions ? I found the book very interesting . My mother wants me to drink it . Peel three bananas.What ’s your name, please?She’s a good basketball player. I like it very much .People are all working hard . HongKong is not very cold in winter . 用来补充宾语的意义， 一般置于宾语之后， 由名词、 形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语 等充当。
英语句子成分分析,简单句句型
有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了：
他们放风筝。 They fly the kites.
风筝在天上飞。 The kites fly in the sky.
She teaches us.
She teaches us English. She teaches English.
助动词 辅助动词
do / does / did have / has / had will / shall / be going to can / may / must / shall / need
情态动词
could / should / would / might have (has) to / had better
He bought me a new bike.
也可以改为for sb. 的句式
He bought a new bike for me.
(B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw / offer / hand She lent me a book.
简单句的五种基本类型
预备 知识
Full Verb
实义／行为 动词? Predicate 谓语? Object 宾语?
Subject 主语?
还 “简单句”呢--分不清了耶!!! 郁闷死!
Link Verb 连系动词?
Predicative 表语?
休要担心少要害怕----
简单句（Simple Sentences） 就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子
句子成分与句子结构分析方法
句子成分与句子结构分析方法句子是语言交流中的基本单位，是表达思想的重要方式。
要准确理解和运用句子，就需要对句子的成分和句子结构进行分析。
本文将介绍句子成分和句子结构的概念，并介绍常用的分析方法。
一、句子成分的概念句子是由不同的句子成分组成的。
句子成分是指句子中起特定语法作用的组成部分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。
1. 主语（Subject）：句子中执行动作或状态的主体，通常回答“谁”或“什么”的问题。
例如：小明（主语）正在跑步。
2. 谓语（Predicate）：句子中表示主语动作或状态的部分，通常是一个动词或动词词组。
例如：小明正在（谓语）跑步。
3. 宾语（Object）：句子中受到动作影响的对象，通常回答“谁”或“什么”的问题。
例如：小明正在跑步（谓语），锻炼身体（宾语）。
4. 定语（Attributive）：句子中用来修饰名词或代词的成分，通常置于被修饰的词之前。
例如：美丽的（定语）花朵。
5. 状语（Adverbial）：句子中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、全句或句子成分的成分。
例如：张三（状语）昨天去了北京。
6. 补语（Complement）：句子中用来补充说明主语、宾语或其他成分的成分。
例如：他 (主语) 是个医生（补语），他 (主语) 觉得很高兴（补语）。
二、句子结构的概念句子结构是指句子中各个成分之间的关系和组织方式。
句子结构分为简单句和复合句两种类型。
1. 简单句：由一个主谓结构构成，包括一个主语和一个谓语。
例如：小明（主语）正在跑步（谓语）。
2. 复合句：由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成，从句可以是名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句等。
例如：小明（主句）说（连接词）他喜欢你（从句）。
三、句子成分和句子结构分析方法1. 句子成分分析方法：（1）逐一提问法：通过逐一提问句子的“谁”、“什么”、“怎样”、“在哪里”等问题，确定句子中的各个成分。
（2）代词替换法：将句子中的名词换成代词，从而确定主语、宾语等成分的位置。
简单句的五种基本句型及句子成分
简单句的五种基本句型句型一主语+系动词+表语（SLP）[讲解] (1) 系动词的三种分类：在初中阶段，我们学过的表示“保持或状态”类的有be, remain, stay, keep, prove等；表示“变化”类的有grow, turn, get, become, fall, go, come等；表示“感官”类的有look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, appea r等。
例如：I am a senior school student while he is a junior one.我是高中生，他是初中生。
After four years, Tom became a doctor/ turned doctor.四年后，汤姆成了一名医生。
The story sounds interesting and instructive.这故事听起来既有趣，又有教育意义。
(2) 可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短语)等。
例如：In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday. (形容词作表语)In my mind, mother is my hero. (名词作表语)Look! Your pet dog is there. (副词作表语)The schoolbags come in different sizes. (介词短语作表语)You’ve changed a lot. You are not what you were. (表语从句作表语)Many passengers got injured in the accident. (过去分词作表语)The machine keeps running for a long time. （现在分词短语作表语）(3) 使用系动词应注意的地方：第一，没有被动语态；第二，一般没有进行时(除了feel以外)；第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。
初中英语简单句基本类型及句子成分
英语句子成分及简单句的基本类型句子成分学记口诀：主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。
宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。
句子成分意义及位置充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。
通常在句子前部。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。
We study in No. 17 middle school. Jim is an American boy.Two heads are better than one. 谓语e 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
通常在主语后（除疑问、倒装句外）。
由动词或动词词组充当。
Time tries all thing.(时间检验一切）Lucy is dancing under the tree. Her parents a re both workers.宾语表示动作、行为的对象。
在及物动词或介词后。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。
Love me, love my dog. (爱屋及乌）These girls like English.Did you see him yesterday? 表语与系动词连用，一起构成谓语部分、说明主语的性质、特征。
常在系动词之后。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。
His father is a bus driver.My car is white. We were a t school yesterday.Health is wealth.(健康就是财富。
）定语用来修饰名词或代词。
单个词常在修饰的词前，短语或句子在被修饰的词之后。
形、代、数、名、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语。
The red one is mine. What is his name?A friend in need is a friend indeed.(患难见真情。
）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。
简单句的五种基本句型
简单句的五种基本句型一. 句子的分类英语的句子根据其结构可分为以下三种类型：⑴简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句, 例如：I am a teacher.⑵并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接, 例如：I am a teacher and I teach English.⑶复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，例如：I love teaching though sometimes I feel a little bit tired.简单句有五种基本句型，英语里形形色色、千变万化的句子皆由这五种基本句型演变而来。
学好简单句是学好并列句和复合句的前提。
二. 简单句的五种基本句型1. S + V →主语+ 谓语(不及物动词)在这一句型中, 谓语是不及物动词, 所以其后不接宾语。
但可以接副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句等作状语。
例如:①My headaches.主语谓语②The meetingbeginsat half past nine.主语谓语时间状语2.S + V + P → 主语+ 系动词+ 表语此句型中的谓语动词为连系动词，作表语成分的有名词、代词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。
常见的系动词有be、look、seem、appear、feel、taste、smell、sound、get、go、grow、run、become、turn、come、fall、keep、remain、stay、lie、prove、turn out等。
例如：① The storysoundsinteresting.主语系动词表语②Thisisa Chinese-English dictionary.主语系动词表语③My dreamisto study abroad.主语系动词表语④Many passengersgotinjuredin the accident.主语系动词表语状语⑤The machinekeepsrunningfor a long time.主语系动词表语状语⑥Thisiswhere he was brought up.主语系动词表语从句3.S + V + O →主语+ 谓语（及物动词）+ 宾语在这一句型中, 谓语是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词, 其后接宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
句子成分及简单句的6个基本句型
6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓
7.Her father looks young.
主+系+表
8.She teaches us English.
• 小结：定语通常由__形__容__词__和 _形__容__词__性__物__主___代__词_充当，也可以是 ____名__词__、__介__词__短___语___、_分__词___、 _定__语__从__句____等。
• 定语一般位于__被__修__饰___词____之前，但若 修饰___复__合__不__定__代__词____(如something)时， 或者是________短_或语_____定__语__从_作句定语， 则总是放在所修饰词的_____后__面__。
6. there be 句型
• 小结：此句型结构为 “_T__h_er_e_+__b_e_+__名_词__/_代__词_+_…_…_____________”, 用以表达在某处或某时“存在”某人某物。其中, there 仅为引导词, 并无实际意义；Be 与其后的 主语在_人__称____和__数___上一致，有时态变化。 此句型有时不用be动词，而 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等。
六、状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个 句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、 方式、程度等。
• 小结：状语通常由____副__词____充当， 也可以是___介_词__短__语_______、 ___不__定__式____、____分__词______、 _____状__语__从__句______等。
英语句型结构与句子成分划分
高一英语初高中衔接练习英语句型结构与句子成分划分一、句子类型(1)、简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）构成的句子。
1) 简单句的类别1.陈述句（肯定句、否定句）2.疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）3.祈使句4.感叹句（How + adj. ( +S + V) ! What + n. ( +S + V) !2) 简单句的基本词序主语谓语宾语状语I bought a hat yesterday.The children ran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently on the stage.(2)、并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由并列连词连在一起。
其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句1. I help him and he helps me .2. He failed many times but he wasn’t discouraged.3. We must hurry, or we shall miss the train.4. Not only did he write to us but also he came here yesterday.5. Either he didn’t speak clearly or I didn’t hear well.(3)、复合句：简单句中的某一个成分由一个句子来充当。
1.名词性丛句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句1) What he said just now is right.2) He said that he had seen the film.3) This is why he didn’t go to school.4) The news that he has passed the exam made me happy.引导名词性从句的连词有:that, which, if, whether, who, whom, whose, when ,how, where, why, ever.2.修饰性从句：定语从句1) The man who is standing there is White.2) The building which was built is a school. 3) This is the place where I lived.引导定语从句的连词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why.3. 副词性从句：状语从句(条件、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、让步状语从句）引导状语从句的连词有：when, while, as, as soon as, after, since, until, till, where, if, unless, because, in order that, so…that…, though, wherever,whenever, as …as, not so…as, than二. 句子成分划分<1> 句子成分的分类1.Subject (主语) The sun rises in the east.2.Predicate.（谓语）We study English.3. Object（宾语）We love China.4. Predictive（表语）We are Chinese.5.Attributive/Attribute（定语）This is a difficult problem.pletement(补语) We elected him monitor.7.Adverbial（状语）He runs fast.8.Appositive（同位语）This is Miss Zou, my teacher.9.Parenthesis（插入语）To be frank, I don’t agree with you.1. 主语:主语表示句子要说明的人或事物。
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英语三大基本句型句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和主从句。
一、简单句简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子。
We all learn English. (一个主语和一个谓语）My father and mother go to work at 7:00 in the morning.（一个并列主语和一个谓语）He once lived and worked there. (一个主语和一个并列谓语)1.主语+谓语这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，例：Things change.事物是变化的。
Nobody went.没有人去。
--Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？--NO，we flew.不，我们是飞去。
2.主语+连系动词+表语这种句型称为主系表结构，其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，但实质上表语成了谓语，例：Mr. Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。
The milk turned sour.牛奶变酸了。
She became a lawyer.她当了律师。
3.主语+谓语+宾语这种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般多是及物动词，例：We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。
My sister will fix everything.我姐姐会料理一切。
4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语，例：He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。
I'll write you a long letter.我将写给你一封长信。
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构，其补语是宾语补语，与宾语一起即构成复合宾语，例：I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。
（形容词easy作补语）I'll let him go.我将让他去。
（不定式go用作补语）注意：有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句，例：China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。
（China and other countries并列主语）Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each other.王先生和我常在一起工作互相帮助。
6.There be +主语+状语（表示时间或则地点的状语）这种句型是一种常见的特殊句式结构，它表示存在。
There is（not）a twin bed in the room.房间里有（没有）一张双人床。
There are (not) a lot of tourists waiting for their turns.有（没有）许多游客在等着。
There will be rain tomorrow.明天将有雨。
There must be something wrong.一定有什么毛病了。
二、句子成分分析（定语）主语（状语）谓语（定语）宾语（状语）如：(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.(The happy) child went (his) home （yesterday）句子成分划分巧计主在前，谓在中，宾语状语后面冲。
短语定语住宾后，形代定语住宾前。
间宾直宾紧相连，直间之间to, for 连。
宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。
一主语：是一个句子的主体，一般放在谓语之前，是动作的实施者。
主语由名词，代词，数词，不定式，动词-ing形式或从句充当。
1.Mary is a good students.(名词)2.Unity is strength. ( 名词)3.He enjoys walking in the fields. （代词）4.Four plus six is ten.（数词）5.To work hard is important.（不定式短语）6.It is my job to teach them English. （不定式短语是真正的主语，it 为形式主语）7.Smoking is bad for health.（动词-ing形式作主语）8.When we shall go back has not been decided yet.（从句作主语，即主语从句）二谓语：用来说明主语的动作或状态，表明主语是什么，做什么，或怎么样。
谓语由动词担当，可由各种时态的动词表示1.Great hopes make great men. （动词）2.She looked after him two years ago.（动词词组）3.I shall answer your question after class.（助动词＋动词）4.She can speak English very well. （情态动词＋动词）5.The dictionary is mine.（连系动词＋表语）6.She looks happy. （连系动词＋表语）三宾语：表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者，由名词，代词，不定式，相当于名词的词或从句充当充当,一般放在及物动词或介词的后面。
（一）单宾语1.Paper catches fire easily. (名词)2.He will do anything for her. （代词）3.She is listening to play the violin. (不定式短语)4.He doesn’t like swimming. (动词-ing形式)5.He said that he would come. (从句，即宾语从句)（二）双宾语（直接宾语sth＋间接宾语sb）常见的带双宾语的动词有：give bring buy get lend make offer pass teach tellwrite read show send leave return1.Mother bought me a shirt yesterday.2.She taught us English then.3.I send my mother two letters last month.(三) 复合宾语（宾语＋宾语补足语）有些及物动词带了宾语后，还需要有一个补足成分，才能使句意完整，即补充说明宾语，能都充当宾补的词有名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，分词（现在分词和过去分词）常跟宾补的动词有：有allow, ask, advise, call, elect, keep, consider, make, see ,name, have, get, help, wish, let, feel, hear, find smell .1.We elected him our monitor.（名词）2.I want him back.（副词）3.Cellphones make it possible for us to anyone from anywhere.形容词4.The doctor advised me to have more exercises.（不定式短语）5.I heard Mary singing in her room.（动词-ing形式）6.He had his watch repaired yesterday.（过去分词）7.Please make yourself at home.（介词短语）你请自便。
四表语：放在连系动词be ,become, seem, feel turn(当“变得”讲时)等之后，用来说明主语的特征，状态，身份等，可以充当表语的词有名词，动词-ed形式或句子1.He became king when he was only a child.(名词)2.The book is hers. (代词)3.He is free today.(形容词)4.Her mother will be back soon.(副词)5.I‟m sixteen.(数词)6.He seemed worried about it.（动词过去分词）7.It is surprising to hear the news.（动词现在分词）8.The problem is how to finish the work ahead of time.（不定式短语）9.This is what I want to tell you.（从句，即表语从句）五定语：用来修饰名词或代词，可作定于的词有名词，代词，数词，介词短语，不定式，动词-ing 形式，动词-ed 形式以及从句，定于分为前置定语和后置定语1.Yao Ming is an excellent basketball player.（形容词，前置）2.Ronaldo is a football player.（名词，前置）3.Your hair needs cutting.（代词，前置）4.Thirty students attended the party.（数词，前置）5.He is in the sitting room.（现在分词，前置）6.You can see fallen leaves everywhere in fall.（过去分词，前置）7.Who is the girl dancing over there?（现在分词短语，后置）8.The hotel built last year is the best in the city.（过去分词短语，后置）9.This the house which we visited.（从句，即定语从句，后置）六状语：用来修饰形容词，副词，动词或整个句子，用来表示时间，地点，原因，方式，程度，目的，结果，条件，让步，频度等情况。
通常用作状语的词有副词，介词短语，不定式，动词-ing形式，动词-ed形式，名词词组，从句等，状语一般放在词尾，但有的也放在句首或句中1.The plane will take off in a few minutes. (介词短语作地点状语)2.He came late because of the rain. (介词短语作原因状语)3.She cut the apple with the knife. (介词短语作方式状语)4.There are much fish in the lake.(介词短语作地点状语)5.The river is very long. (副词作程度状语)6.He ran fast to catch the train.（不定式作目的状语）7.She woke suddenly to find him standing near the bed.（不定式作结果状语）8.Turning to the left,you will see the library.（现在分词作条件状语）9.Given another chance,he will succeed.（过去分词作条件状语）10.They walked in spite of the heavy snow. (介词短语作让步状语）11.He usually goes to bed at ten. (频度副词作状语）12.They are generous although they are poor.（从句作状语,让步状语从句）找出下列句子的句子成分并翻译出来：1.The farm covered thousands of acres. （英亩）2.Don't leave the water running all the time.3.The place is worth to be visited.4.Only then did I realize I was wrong.5.The rest of the apple is rotten. （腐烂的）6.I choose to go to work by bus.7.There are plenty of restaurants to choose from.8.I met her by chance.9.I came across an old photo in the drawer. （抽屉）10.The child tried to catch the teacher's eye.11.I intend to finish the text today.12.She looks young considering her age.13.Carry on working while I am away.14.To see is to believe. 眼见为实15.The worker and writer is from Wuhan.（工人和作家是同一个人）16.Something has gone wrong with my watch.17.They were struggling to get out of the burning car.18.She did want to have what is called mobile phone.19.We think it is necessary to work hard.20.Seeking friendship is human nature.。