英语语法精讲-句子成分及简单句并列句和复合句

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Our monitor is always the firstto enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
Theteachingplan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
To swimin the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smokingdoes harm to the health.(动名词)
The richshould help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English testhas not been decided.(主语从句)
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmay keepthe book for two weeks. Hehas caughta bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:Weare students.
(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
They helpedthe oldwith their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretendednot to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoylistening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
His father named himDongming.(名词)
They painted their boatwhite.(形容词)
Let the fresh airin.(副词)
You mustn’t force himto lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw herentering the room.(现在分词)
His hobby(爱好)isplaying football.(动名词)
The machinemust beout of order.(介词短语)
Time isup. The class isover.(副词)
The truth isthat he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
语法复习:句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, Americancountry musichas become more and more popular.(名词)
Weoften speak English in class.(代词)
One-thirdof the students in this class are girls.(数词)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendme your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They electedhim their monitor.
(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
Our teacher of English is anAmerican.(名词)
Is ityours?(代词)
The weaFra Baidu bibliotekher has turnedcold.(形容词)
The speech isexciting.(分词)
Three times seven istwenty one?(数词)
His job isto teach English.(不定式)
Itis necessaryto master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunning every morning.
Chinais adevelopingcountry;Americais adevelopedcountry.(分词)
There are thirtywomenteachers is our school.(名词)
Hisrapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)
(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
They went to see anexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain preventedmeform coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I havefive.(数词)
We found everything in the labin good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our citywhat your city is now.(从句)
(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilinis abeautifulcity.(形容词)
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