2018届河北省唐山市第二十三中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题
2020届石家庄第二十三中学高三英语上学期期中试题及答案
2020届石家庄第二十三中学高三英语上学期期中试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhen the sun shines brightly, it provides a great chance to get outdoor things done. Like making hay! At least, that is what farmers from the past would say. ―Make hay while the sun shines.This idiom is very old, dating back to Medieval times. Rain would often ruin the process of making hay. So, farmers had no choice but to make hay when the sun was shining.Today, we all use this expression, not just farmers. When conditions are perfect to get something done, we can say, ―It’s a good idea to make hay while the sun shines.In other words, you are taking advantage of a good situation or of good conditions. You are making the most of your opportunities. These all mean ―making hay while the sun shines.And sometimes we use this expression to mean we beat someone to the punch, or we got ahead of someone else. And other times you make hay while the sun shines to make good use of the chance to do something while it lasts. You are being opportunistic – taking advantage of a good opportunity. For example, my friend Ozzy was sick for a week and could not go to work. So, his co-worker Sarah -- who doesn’t like him -- took advantage of his illness and stole his project! Talk about making hay while the sun shines.Sometimes when you make hay while the sun shines you are staying ahead of a problem – like in this example:Hey, do you want to go hiking with me and my friends this weekend? The weather is going to be beautiful! I wish I could. But I have to finish my taxes. It’s the last weekend before they’re due.Oh, that’s too bad.Wait. What about your taxes?My taxes are done. I was off from work a couple of weeks ago and made hay while the sun shined. I got all of it done!I wish I would have taken advantage of my time off last week___1___All I did was lay around thehouse.And that’s all the time we have for these Words and Their Stories. But join us again next week. You can listen while you’re making dinner or riding to work. Yeah, make hay while the sun shines.1.Which of the following best matches ―make hay whilethe sun shines in paragraph 2?A.Sow nothing, reap nothing.B.Sharp tools make good work.C.Strike while the iron is hot.D.One swallow doesn’t make a summer.2.According to the underlined sentence, what feeling does the speaker express?A.AdmirableB.RegretfulC.AnnoyedD.Indifferent3.Where is the passage probably taken from?A.A radio programB.A magazineC.A brochureD.A novelBWilliam had worked hard to pass the exams to enter high school. When the term began, however, his father told him that there was no money to pay for his school fees because of the summer drought. Still, William wanted to learn.He made the village library his school. One day, he found a book calledUsing Energy. On the book’s cover was a picture of windmills, tall steel towers with blades (叶片) spinning like giant fans. He learned that wind—something of which his hometown had plenty—could produce electricity.He couldn’t help picturing his own windmill in mind, but collecting the parts and tools he needed would take months. In a junkyard, he dug through piles of used metal, old cars, and worn-out tractors, searching for anything that might help him construct his machine. He made four-foot-long blades from plastic pipe, which he melted over a fire, flattened out, and hardened with bamboo poles.Earning some money, he paid a blacksmith to attach the piston (活塞) to the pedal sprocket (踏板链轮) of an old bicycle frame. This would be the axle (轮轴) of the windmill. When the wind blew, the spinning blades would turn the bicycle wheel and spin a small dynamo (发电机), donated by his friend.When he had collected all the parts, William began putting them together. He fixed the blades to the tractor fan he found, using washers (垫圈) he’d made from bottle caps. Next he pushed the fan onto the piston joint to the bicycle frame. With the help of his two best friends, Williambuilt a 16-foot-tall tower from trunks of trees and lifted the ninety-pound windmill to the top.The big moments eventually came. He climbed up the tower and connected two wires that held a small bulb. As the wind whipped around him, the blades began to turn, slowly at first, then faster and faster. The light bulb flickered (闪烁), then flashed to life. The crowd cheered from below. “Wachitabwina (well done)!”William’s machine now powered his house. And the story of the boy who’d built a power-generating windmillto rescue his family from the drought spread across the Internet.4. After readingUsing Energy, what did William decide to do?A. Make use of wind.B. Enter a high school.C. Build a village library.D. Learn to survive a drought.5. According to Para.3, which of the following word can best describe William?A. Humorous.B. Determined.C. Cooperative.D. Friendly.6. What can you learn about William’s machine?A. It was built by villagers.B. It worked at the first attempt.C. It took him years to complete it.D. It was made from metal materials.7. What is the besttitle for the passage?A. Winds Of HopeB. Ideas Worth SpreadingC. Learning from ExperienceD. Windmills for VillagesC"Sorry, but I don't agree with you..."This is usually followed by unbearable silence and angry tears. I've always found it difficult to disagree with someone, because I don't want to lose a friend. I've found it even harder to accept it when someone disagrees with me, because my ego（自尊心）ishurt.Before the other person gets a chance to explain why she disagrees with me, my usual response would be," If you aren't able to see my point of view, then what you think isn't worth my time or consideration, either." But now I've come to realize that when a friend disagrees with me, sometimes she is simply saying, "I don't agree with the way things are done." She still respects me as a person, and is only pointing out a better way to look at a matter. However, there may be times when my friend disagrees with me because I'm against the truth. That's when need to listen to what she says.I've learned that one way to help my friend is for me to be open and honest with the other to voice my thoughts and listen to the other carefully. While we can't control how a person will respond to our views, we must learn to disagree with our friends in love. We will never feel that we are better than the other person.And that will help us to be less emotional, and more objective in the way we express our opinions.In the same way, we can also stay open to feedback（反馈）from others,knowing that our friends may be correcting us in love.Good friendships build each other up, sometimes through disagreements and honest opinions. Though I don't like being disagreed with, I'm starting to see the value of such disagreements.8. The author has found it difficult to disagree with someone because .A. he is a friendly personB. he usually hides his ideasC. he has no mind of his ownD. he wants to keep the friendship9. When a friend disagreed with him,the author used to .A. be unhappyB. argue with the friendC. break up with the friendD. explain things calmly10. The author will listen to a friend when .A. he is against the truthB. he doesn't tell the truthC. he is respected by a friendD. he does things in the wrong way11. What does the author mainly talk about in the text?A. How to keep friendship.B. How to avoid hurting a friend.C. How to express disagreements.D. How to deal with disagreements.DIt is that time of year when people need to lock their cars. It’ s not because there are a lot of criminals running around stealing cars. Rather, it’ s because of the good-hearted neighbors who want to share their harvest. Especially with this year’s large crop, leaving a car unlocked in my neighborhood is an invitation for someone to stuff it full of zucchini(西葫芦).My sister-in-law, Sharon, recently had a good year for tomatoes. She and her family had eaten and canned so many that they began to feel their skin turn slightly red. That ’ s when she decided it was time to share herblessings.She started calling everyone she knew. When that failed, she began to ask everyone in the neighborhood like a politician, eventually finding a neighbor delighted to have the tomatoes. “ Feel free to take whatever you want,”Sharontold her. She felt happy that she could help someone and that the food didn’t go to waste.A few days later,Sharonanswered the door. There was the neighbor, holding some bread. The neighbor smiled pleasantly, “I want to thank you for all of the tomatoes, and I have to admit that I took a few other things and hope you wouldn’t mind.”Sharoncouldn’t think of anything else in her garden that had been worth harvesting and said so. “Oh, but you did,” the neighbor said. “You had some of the prettiest zucchini I’ve ever seen.”Sharonwas confused. Zucchini in her garden? They hadn’ t even planted any zucchini. But her neighbor insisted that there really were bright-green zucchini in her garden. The two of them walked together into the backyard. When the neighbor pointed at the long green vegetables,Sharonsmiled, “ Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning.”The neighbor looked atSharon, shock written all over her face. Then she smiled, and held out the bread that she had shared all over the neighborhood, “I brought you a loaf of cucumber bread. I hope you like it.”12. Why does the author suggest that people in the neighborhood should lock their cars?A. They might be stolen by thieves.B. They might be moved away by the police.C. Their neighbors might fill them with their harvest.D. Their neighbors might throw rubbish in them.13. What does the underlined word “blessings” in the second paragraph mean?A. Tomatoes.B. God’s protection.C.Helpful things.D. Best wishes.14. What did the neighbor do inSharon’s garden?A. She harvested tomatoes only.B. She harvested zucchini by accident.C. She took some cucumbers mistakenly.D. She stole something withoutSharon’s permission.15. We can infer from the article that the neighbor’s bread would taste________.A. bitter but tastyB. strange and bitterC. hard and sourD. soft and sweet第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2023-2024学年河北省唐山市英语高三上期末达标检测试题含解析
2023-2024学年河北省唐山市英语高三上期末达标检测试题注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Premier Li Keqiang officially ______ the plan to develop the Bay Area in his government work report delivered at the start of the National People’s Congress session in March.A．laid out B．laid offC．laid down D．laid up2．---Kingsman: The Secret Service is a spy action comedy film. Wants to come with me? ---I’d love to, but my best friend is getting married, and I won’t _______ it for anything. A．overlook B．trade C．miss D．forget3．The high-anxiety focus on reading score may have narrowed student________to knowledge about the world that can improve their reading.A．idea B．aid C．belief D．access4．– She will finish the project within three days!-- ______________! I could do it in three hours.A．You are right. B．I’m stuck. C．Oh, come on D．Don’t mention it.5．Up till now, there has been no scientific evidence about ________ caused the death of dinosaurs.A．what is it that B．what it was that C．it was what D．what is it6．We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7:30, but Jack failed to ______.A．break up B．set upC．turn up D．give up7．“ ________ I went through ups and downs in life，” Gordon said, “I never found the importance of being selfdisciplined as well as the significance of life.”A．If B．SinceC．Until D．Unless8．I t was announced that only after the candidates’ papers were collected _____to leave the room.A．had they been permitted B．would they be permittedC．that they would be permitted D．that they had been permitted9．________ back in his chair, the man began to tell us his adventures in the forests. A．Sit B．Sitting C．To sit D．Sat10．Why does she always drive to work ____ she could easily take the train? A．unless B．untilC．before D．when11．The meeting planned next Monday is very important.A．to be held B．heldC．being held D．holding12．The main issue at the APEC meeting was a climate-change plan _____ by Australia’s Howard and backed by Bush.A．put out B．put offC．put away D．put forward13．To make extra-class education run on the right track, China is tightening _____ of after-school training institutions.A．application B．regulationC．adaptation D．cooperation14．He doesn't spend any more money on clothing than I do,but________he manages to look so stylish.A．therefore B．somehowC．furthermore D．otherwise15．According to a recent study, the high school graduation rate for black men has fallen by 43 percent, while ________ of black women has risen by 56 percent.A．that B．whatC．one D．which16．The inner strength of the girl allows her _____ going when she gets into trouble. A．keep B．keeping C．to keep D．kept17．The security judge was very _________ when she explained that the driving licence was necessary for her work .A．reasonable B．natural C．ridiculous D．available18．________ has greater potential than flammable ice being mined from underneath the South China Sea when it comes to a global energy revolution.A．nothing B．neitherC．no one D．none19．She seems to prefer American TV Shows to talking to me．A．to watch B．to be watching C．watching D．having watched20．The famous book Frankenstein, ________ by British novelist Mary Shelley, is the first work of science fiction.A．writing B．having writtenC．written D．was written第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
2020-2021学年唐山市第二十三中学高三英语期中考试试题及答案解析
2020-2021学年唐山市第二十三中学高三英语期中考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOn the 100th anniversary of the Communist Party of China (CPC), red tourism has gained popularity among tourists who flood in to visit historic sites with a modern revolutionary heritage.JinggangshanThis is one of the most crucial and splendid chapters of history of establishing Red China as well as a unique and wonderful ecosystem, which is covered with rich forest, rugged peaks and several memorials to the Red Army. The best time to visit is between April and October, with the most temperature timing April and May when the large azaleas (杜鹃花) bloom.Open: 8:00-17:00 (Feb. 16-Nov. 15). 8:00-16:30 (Nov. 16-Feb. 15)XibaipoIt is an old revolutionary base where the leadership of the Communist Party of China was stationed, drawing up the blueprint for a new country. A memorial hall was built to honor the memory of this site. The lake and the hill here add brilliance and beauty to each other and form pleasant scenery.Open: Tuesdays to Sundays 9:30-17:00 (Xibaipo Memorial Hall)The Nanhu Revolutionary Memorial HallA new exhibition is held with updated display approaches, including phantom imaging (全息影像) and oil painting, which are used to improve visitors' experiences. The exhibition shows four stages of the CPC from its establishment to its achievements.Open: Tuesdays to Sundays 8:30-18:00 (closed on Mondays)Former Site of the Editorial Department ofNew YouthNew Youthstarted the New Culture Movement and spread the influence of the May Fourth Movement. The site was briefly based in Beijing but moved back to Shanghai in 1920 and also served as the office for the Communist Party of China Central Committee in the 1920s.Open: Thursdays to Tuesdays 9:00 - 11:30, 13:30 - 16:30 (closed on Wednesdays)1. Where would visitors learn more about the history of the Red Army?A. Jinggangshan.B. Xibaipo.C. The Nanhu Revolutionary Memorial Hall.D. Former Site of the Editorial Department ofNew Youth.2. What do we know about the Nanhu Revolutionary Memorial Hall?A. It focuses on Chinese achievements in art.B. It mainly advertises the coming anniversary.C. It applies modernized methods to the exhibition.D. It briefly introduces the rise and fall of Nanhu.3. When can tourists visit Former Site of the Editorial Department ofNew Youth?A. At 1:00 p.m. on Mondays.B. At 9:00 a.m. on Wednesdays.C. At 2:00 p.m. on Fridays.D. At 5:00 p.m on Sundays.BIn life，once on a path，we tend to follow it，for better or worse.What's sad is that even if it's the latter，we often accept it anyway because we are so used to the way things are that wed don't even recognize that they could be different This is a phenomenon psychologist call functional fixedness.This classic experiment will give you an idea of howitworks and a sense of whether you may have fallen into the same trap: People are given a box of tacks (大头钉) and some matches and asked to find a way to attach a candle to a wall so that it burns properly.Typically, the subjects try tacking the candle to the wall or lighting it to fix it with melted wax. The psychologists had, of course, arranged it so that neither of these obvious approaches would work. The tacks are too short, and the paraffin (石蜡) doesn't stick to the wall. So how can you complete the task? The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candle-holder. You empty it, tack it to the wall. and stand the candle inside it. To think of that, you have to look beyond the box's usual role as a receptacle just for tacks and re-imagine it serving an entirely new purpose. That is difficult because we all suffer to one degree or another from functional fixedness.The inability to think in new ways affects people in every corner of society. The political theorist Hannah Arendt coined the phrase“frozen thoughts”to describe deeply held ideas that we no longer question but should. In Arendt's eyes, the self- content reliance on such accepted “truths”also made people blind to ideas that didn't fit their worldview, even when there was plenty of evidence for them.Frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence, she said,“It can be found in highly intelligent people.”4. What does the underlined word“it”in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The experiment.B. Functional fixedness.C. The path.D. The thinking.5. Which way is hard to think of to complete the task?A. Tacking the candle to the wall.B. Fixing the candle with melted wax.C. Using the tack box as a candle-holder.D. Lighting the candle tostand it.6. Which of the following statements will Hannah Arendt agree with?A. People should question.B. We should be used to the way things are.C. People shouldn't accept the idea that doesn't fit their worldview.D. The smarter people are，the more open to the new things they are.7. What's the passage mainly about?A. An interesting experimentB. A psychological phenomenon.C. A theory to be proved.D. The opinion of Hannah Arendt.CPhotographer Rebecca Douglas has always been fascinated by the night sky. Her love for stars has taken theU.K.resident on “star walking” trips toIcelandand into theArctic, where she steps out onto darkened trails to capture twinkling stars and glowing planets in her images.Hiking at night isn’t uncommon. Plenty of people hike after dark to get to campsites or watch the sunrise from a mountaintop. Star walking goes a step further by blending hiking with stargazing. Rather than heading to an observatory or setting up a telescope in your backyard,star walking takes you on a brief journey to look at the stars from different viewpoints.Whether you’re in the mountainside or by the lake with stars reflecting on the water, star walking is often much more dynamic than traditional stargazing.What’s more, star walking is good for you. There are plenty of studies that show the health benefits of beingin nature. Spending at least two hours a week outdoors, particularly while engaging in what involves “effortless attention”, can decrease blood pressure, heart rate, and stress levels.So how does an aspiring star walker get started? It doesn’t take much more than a sturdy pair of boots.While telescopes and binoculars obviously have their uses, people are encouraged to start with naked-eye stargazing. Using only the eyes allows one to get lost in the infinite expanse of space and lets the mind go.It is advised that one read up on the night sky before heading out. Free mobile apps, such as Star Walk 2, can help identify celestial bodies（天体）and are easy to use—simply point your phone at the sky to reveal a map. Websites like Sky & Telescope and NASA’s Space Place cover the basics, have in-depth explanations on stars, and offer advice on equipment. Space Place posts monthly skywatching updates, so you can plan outings around events such as meteor showers.In the United States, national parks are great options for inexperienced night hikers. Many offer guided outings that explain the importance of protecting night skies. Those with a good number of walks under their belt may want to try GlacierNational Park in Montana.If national parks and other dark-sky designated areas are out of range, check local astronomy clubs and observatories for guided sessions. Sites like the International Astronomical Union are useful for finding resources by area.At the end of the day, the best advice is to take it slow and enjoy the journey.“With all of the chaos（混乱）that’s happening around us, the one constant has been the night sky,” explains Douglas, who hasbeen exploring popular places nearby, long after the crowds have gone home for the day. “Walking is quite a mindful way of looking up and being reminded that, although everything feels so different, some things are still the same.”8. According to the passage, star walking refers to ________.A. going to an observatoryB. looking at stars in mountainsC. combining hiking and stargazingD. setting up a telescope in the backyard9. One of the reasons why people go on a star walking is that _______.A. it’s easier to identify celestial bodiesB. it is good for physical and mental healthC. they can enjoy the journey without crowdsD. they can raise awareness of protecting night skies10. According to the passage, a star walking beginner is advised to _______.A. prepare a pair of strong bootsB. start by observing with telescopesC. join an astronomy club or an observatoryD. find guided outings with the help of mobile apps11. The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A. excite people’s interest in star walkingB. recommend some places for star walkingC. explain the health benefits of star walkingD. introduce the preparations for star walkingDItzhak Perlman was born in Tel Aviv, in whatwas thenPalestine, in 1945. Today he lives inNew York City. But his music has made him a citizen of the world. He has played in almost every major city. He has won many Grammy awards for his recordings. He has also won Emmy Awards for his work on television.Itzhak Perlman suffered from polio (小儿麻痹症) at the age of four. The disease damaged his legs. He uses a wheelchair or walks with the aid of crutches (拐杖) on his arms. But none of this stopped him from playing the violin. He began as a young child. He took his first lessons at the Music Academy of Tel Aviv. Very quickly, his teachers recognized that he had a special gift.At thirteen he went to the United Sates to appear on television. His playing earned him the financial aid to attend theJuilliardSchoolinNew York. In 1964 Itzhak Perlman won the Leventritt Competition in that city. His international fame had begun.His music is full of power and strength. It can be sad or joyful, loud or soft. But critics (评论家) say it is not the music alone that makes his playing so special. They say he is able to communicate the joy he feels in playing, and the emotions that great music can deliver.Anyone who has attended a performance by Itzhak Perlman will tell you thatit is exciting to watch him play. His face changes as the music from his violin changes. He looks sad when the music seems sad. He smiles and closes his eyes when the music is light and happy. He often looks dark and threatening when the music seems dark and threatening.12. According to the passage, what do we know about Itzhak Perlman?A. He is 75 years old today.B. He was born inNew York City.C. He has some achievements in music.D. He was a rich citizen of the world.13. When Itzhak Perlman first learned music, his teachers ________.A. ignored his talentsB. thought he was fit to learn musicC. had pity on himD. didn't want to accept him14. What makes Itzhak Perlman's playing special according to critics?A. The emotions he communicates in his playing.B. The style in which he plays his music.C. The kind of music he plays.D. The power and strength in his music.15. How do people feel when they hear Itzhak Perlman play?A. Moved.B. Calm.C. Funny.D. Excited.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届唐山市第二十三中学高三英语二模试题及答案
2020届唐山市第二十三中学高三英语二模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AHubeiProvincehas long been a favorite Chinese tourist destination because of its natural scenery, historic cities, and beautiful mountains. Here are some of the best places to visit inHubeiProvince.YellowCraneTowerYellowCraneToweris known as one of the Three Famous Towers South of Yangtze River, together withYueyangTowerinHunanand Tengwang Pavilion inJiangxi. The history ofYellowCraneTowerdates back to the Three Kingdoms period (220-280) in Chinese history. The tower was used as a watchtower by the King of Wu's army in the beginning.Enshi Grand CanyonEnshi Grand Canyon can beChina's answer to the Grand Canyon inArizona, theUnited Statesin beauty. The canyon runs 108 kilometers and occupies a land area of 3,000 square kilometers. The region where Enshi Grand Canyon is located used to be a vast sea with many limestone deposits 230 million years ago.Shennongjia Scenic AreaIt is famous for its varied plant species as well as mountains. Regarded as the “Lungs of Central China", the forest coverage reaches over 90 percent of the area. Due to the special climate, it is neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter. Sometimes clouds stretch around mountains, rewarding tourists with unforgettable views. Besides, the area is home to some rare animals such as golden monkeys, white bears and antelope.The Three-Gorge Tribe scenic spotLocated in the area of the Xiling Gorge in the city ofYichang, it has the beauty of landscape paintings. The spot is a “ProtectedCenterof the Popular Culture and Art of the Three Gorges”. Since ancient times, a lot of famous scholars have produced a great number of excellent poems praising the beauty of this place, some of which are carved on the stones along theYangtze River.1. What is special aboutYellowCraneTower?A. It has a long history.B. It offers a scenic view.C. It once served war's purposes.D. It is the best-known tower inChina2. Why is the Grand Canyon inArizonamentioned ?A. To explain its popularity inChina.B. To help readers know more about it.C. To prove the beauty of the Chinese canyon.D. To show differences between the two canyons.3. Which place will a Chinese literature lover probably visit?A. Enshi Grand Canyon.B.YellowCraneTower.C. Shennongjia Scenic Area.D. TheThree-Gorge Tribe scenic spot.BThe first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart. We tried to slow it down with treatment, but it suddenly stopped beating completely. Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However, it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause more harm than good.In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have a bad result, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results.Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, thefalloutfrom second-guessing appears especially large for us. A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed (开药) warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe later patients the blood thinner that prevents strokes (中风). However, if a patient was not on warfarin and had a stroke physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients.These findings highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors. In the blood-thinner study, doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm (prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm(prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a stroke). Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed.But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine. ''Overreaction to Fearsome Risks'' holds true for broadersociety.For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark-feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening.Humans are likely to be influenced by emotional and often irrational (不理性的) thinking when processing information, bad events and mistakes. As much as we don't want to cause an unfortunate event to happen again, we need to be aware that a worst situation that can be imagined doesn't necessarily mean we did anything wrong. When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may involuntarily overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion.I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago. Instead of second-guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct (本能) and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too.4. The first two paragraphs suggest that________.A. bad medical outcomes affect doctorsB delivering babies can be difficult workC. some doctors are not very experiencedD. doctors sometimes make silly mistakes5. In the blood-thinner study, doctors________.A. tend to prescribe less effective medicineB. are more concerned about the patients' safetyC. become less confident in writing a prescriptionD. believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleeding6. What does the underlined word ''fallout'' in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. ResultB. BenefitC. DifferenceD. Absence7. The author will probably agree that________.A. we should not doubt our own decisionsB. our experience will pave way for our futureC. humans are emotional and irrational on the wholeD. instincts don't necessarily lead to wrong directionsCMy sister Alice and I have been trying to get people tostop dropping cigarette（香烟）butts（烟头）for seven years. One day, we were walking in our hometown and saw hundreds of cigarette butts on the ground. They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people dropping butts. We called it “No Butts About It”.At first, we drew pictures with “The Earth is not your ashtray（烟灰缸）”written on them. We put the pictures around our hometown—in parks, by beaches, and along roads. We wanted to make people understand that dropping butts hurts the environment. Most smokers don’t think that dropping butts hurts the Earth. But it does, and all rubbish does!Later, we wrote to companies and asked them for money to help us. We used the money to buy ashtrays to give to smokers. We wanted smokers to carry the ashtrays with them so they didn’t have to drop butts.At the moment, we are trying to get cigarette companies to put an ashtray in each pack of cigarettes. Some companies want to do it. Many people have started to join our group since it began. Today there are 45 other “No Butts About It” groups inAmerica.Now there even groups inEngland,Australia, andIndia! Many newspapers have written about my sister and me over the last seven years. And we have won many prizes for what we do. But we are not interested in prizes. We just want to make the Earth a better and cleaner place for animals, plants and people.One day, it will be.8. What did the writer think about the cigarette butts in the first place?A. They made the town smelly.B. They made the town unhealthy.C. They made the town dirty.D. They made the town poor.9. What does the writer do with the cigarette butts?A. Give ashtrays to the smokers.B. Stop people buying cigarettes.C. Pick up the cigarette butts.D. Win prizes for starting groups.10. From the passage we can know that _____.A. no companies wanted to give money to themB. The writer believes that the Earth will be a better and cleaner placeC. There are only 45”No Butts About It”D. The writer likes to be on newspapers and win prizes211. Which is the best tittle for the passage?A. Save our Town From Cigarette Butts.B. Buy Yourself An Ashtray.C. Cigarette Butts Also Destroy Other Countries.D. No Butts Prize.DThere are similarities and differences between high school life and college life.For one thing, there are several similarities between high school life and collegelife. First, the most important task in high school and college is both studying. Studying is the most important as a student. Second, we need a goal to fight for in both high school life and college life. To lead a meaningful life, we have to set up a goal to achieve.For another, there are also some differences between high school life and college life. First, our studying is also the biggest difference. In high school, we are required to follow our teachers' steps and finish theirassignmentsevery day. While in college, there are no teachers giving such detailed requirements to us and we can choose study or not according to our own willing. What and how to study totally depends on us. Therefore, the ability of self-control is very important in college life. Second, the flexibility (灵活性) of time is another difference. In high school, we have no much leisure except for our time of study. However, in college, we have much controlled by ourselves except the time of classes. And we have more time to do what we like. Finally, college lifeis much more various and richer. Besides study, we can attend many other activities, which make our college life more wonderful.In brief, there are both similarities and differences between high school life and college life. However, no matter we are in which period, we need to make full use of every day so that we will never feel regretful.12. Why do students need a goal to fight in high school and college?A. To enter a good college.B. To avoid living a meaningless life.C. To develop the ability of control.D. To meet their parents’ satisfaction.13. What does the underlined word “assignments” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Projects.B. Tasks.C. Goals.D. Dreams.14. Which is the correct structure of the passage?A. ①-②③-④B. ①②-③-④C. ①-②③④D.①②-③④15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. College LifeB. High School LifeC. High School and CollegeD. High School Life and College Life第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2018届河北省唐山市第二十三中学高三上学期期中考试数学(理)试题
唐山市第二十三中学2017-2018学年第一学期期中考试高三数学试卷（理）A 卷第I 卷一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的． 1．已知全集U=R ，集合⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧<-=01|A x x x ，{}1|≥=x x B ，则集合{}0|≤x x 等于 A ．A B ⋂B ．UC A B ⋃（） C ． UC A B ⋂（）D ．A B⋃2．若复数z 满足i iz 42+=，则z = A ．i 24-B ．i 42-C ．i 42+D ．i 24+3．已知等比数列{}n a 的公比大于1，7273=a a ，2782=+a a ，则a A ．48B ．64C ．72D ． 964．已知直线l ⊥平面α,直线m ⊂平面β,下面四个命题 (1) α∥β⇒l ⊥m (2) α⊥β⇒l ∥m(3) l ∥m ⇒α⊥β (4) l ⊥m ⇒α∥β中正确的两个命题是( ) A.(1)与(3) B.(3) 与(4) C.(2)与 (4) D.(1)与(2) 5．下列函数中，同时具有性质：(1)图象过点(0,1)；(2)在区间(0，＋∞)上是减函数；(3)是偶函数.这样的函数是A . y ＝x 3＋1 B . y ＝2|x|C . y ＝log 2 (|x|＋2)D . y ＝(12)|x|6．阅读如图所示的程序框图，若输入919a =，则输出的k 值是 A ．9 B ． 10 C ．12 D ． 117．直线3x + 4y + 2 = 0与圆x 2+ y 2+ 4x = 0交于A ，B 两点，则线段AB 的垂直平分线的方程是 （ ）A 4x －3y －2 = 0B 4x －3y －8 = 0C 4x - 3y + 8= 0D 4x +3y + 8 = 08．某几何体的三视图如图所示，则该几何体的表面积为 A ．π2 B ．π22C ．（212+）πD ．（222+）π9．已知正三角形ABC 的边长是3，D 是BC 上的点，BD=1，则BC AD ∙=A ．29-B ．215C ．23-D ．25 10．现有四个函数：①sin y x x =⋅；②cos y x x =⋅；③|cos |y x x =⋅；④2x y x =⋅的图象则按照从左到右图象对应的函数序号安排正确的一组是A ．④①②③B ．①④③②C ．①④②③D ．③④②①11．曲线y=11x x -+在点（0，一1）处的切线与两坐标轴围成的封闭图形的面积为（ ） A ．12 B ． 41C ．43D ．1812．设函数)(x f y =在(-∞,+∞)内有定义，对于给定的正数k ，定义函数：⎩⎨⎧>≤=))(()(()()(k x f kkx f x f x f k ,取函数x e x x f ---=2)(，若对任意的),(∞+-∞∈x ，恒有)()(x f x f k =，则A. k 的最小值为1B. k 的最小值为2C. k 的最大值为1D. k 的最大值为2第Ⅱ卷二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分．13．已知向量)1,(z x -=，),2(z y +=，且b a ⊥，若变量x ，y 满足约束条件⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≤+≥-≥5231y x xy x ，则z 的最大值为 14．球内接正六棱锥的侧棱长与底面边长分别为22和2，则该球的体积为 ；15．由曲线22y x =+与3y x =，0x =，2x =所围成的平面图形的面积为 . 16．下表是某数学老师及他的爷爷、父亲和儿子的身高数据：x因为儿子的身高与父亲的身高有关，该老师用线性回归分析的方法预测他孙子的身高为 ．三、解答题:解答应写出文字说明．证明过程或演算步骤 17．（本小题满分12分）已知向量))4sin(),6(cos()),4sin(2),6cos(2(ππππ+--=---=x x x x ,2)(-∙=x f .（1）求函数)(x f 的最小正周期； （2）求函数)(x f 在区间]2,12[ππ-上的最值.18 （本题满分12分）设数列{}n a 的各项均为正数，它的前n 项的和为n S ，点(,)n n a S 在函数2111822y x x =++的图像上；数列{}n b 满足1111,()n n n n b a b a a b ++=-=．其中n N *∈． （Ⅰ）求数列{}n a 和{}n b 的通项公式；（Ⅱ）设n n na cb =，求证：数列{}n c 的前n 项的和59n T >（n N *∈）．19、（本题满分12分）在ABC ∆中,,,a b c 分别为内角,,A B C 所对的边，且满足sin 2A A =. (1)求A 的大小；(2)现给出三个条件：①2a =； ②45B =︒；③c =.试从中选出两个可以确定ABC ∆的条件，写出你的选择并以此为依据求ABC ∆的面积 (只需写出一个选定方案即可,选多种方案以第一种方案记分) .20．（本小题12分）已知正方形ABCD 的边长为1，ACBD O =．将正方形ABCD 沿对角线BD 折起，使1AC =，得到三棱锥A —BCD ，如图所示．（I ）若点M 是棱AB 的中点，求证：OM∥平面ACD ； （II ）求证：AO BCD ⊥平面； （III ）求二面角A BC D --的余弦值．21.（本小题满分12分） 已知函数32()23 3.f x x x =-+ （1）求曲线()y f x =在点2x =处的切线方程；（2）若关于x 的方程()0f x m +=有三个不同的实根，求实数m 的取值范围.请考生在第22、23两题题中任选一题做答，如果多做，则按所做的第一题记分.答时用2B 铅笔在答题卡上把所选题目的题号涂黑.22.（本小题满分10分）选修4—4: 坐标系与参数方程．在直角坐标系xOy 中，直线l 的参数方程为32x ty t⎧=+⎪⎨=+⎪⎩（t 为参数)，以原点O 为极点，x轴正半轴为极轴，建立极坐标系，曲线C 的极坐标方程为ρθ=.(1)求直线l 的普通方程与曲线C 的直角坐标方程；(2)设直线l 与曲线C 交于点A ，B ，若点P 的坐标为P ，求11PA PB+的值. 23．（本小题满分10分）选修4—5:不等式选讲．已知函数a a x x f +-=2)(．(I)若不等式6)(≤x f 的解集为{}32≤≤-x x ，求实数a 的值；(II)在(I)的条件下，若存在实数n 使)()(n f m n f --≤成立，求实数m 的取值范围．。
河北省唐山市2023届高考二模英语试题(含听力)(含答案)
12．What will the woman do next?
A．Go to a research center. B．Study in the office.
13．What are the speakers talking about?
A．Their parents.
B．A career plan.
it can often be challenging to know just what to ask in order to start a conversation.
●Discover their passion: Does your friend love to cook? Ask them to share a favorite family
D．To give a guide for volunteering with seniors.
22．How many programs and organizations are mentioned?
A．2.
B．3.
C．4.
D．5.
23．What is the “Be a skillful talker” part about?
C．It adds enjoyment to exercise.
15．What can we say about the man?
A．He admires the woman.
B．He likes making fun of others.
C．He is good at time management.
A．How to answer questions.
B．How to make up stories.
2018-2019学年河北省唐山市玉田县高一上学期期中考试英语试题 扫描版
玉田县2018—2019学年度第一学期期中考试高一英语参考答案2019.11.07听力理解: 1-5 BACCA 6-7 CB 8-9 CC 10-12 CBB 13-15 BAB阅读理解: 21-23 DCD 24-26 CDB 27-30 CDDB 31-35 FEDAB完形填空: 36-40 BAABD 41-45 BDACA 46-50 BBCAD 51-55 ADCAA听力填空: 56. writing 57. down 58. different 59. questions 60. ten/10语法填空: 61. organiz/sed 62. their 63. or 64. to attack 65. with66. poorly 67. where 68. fighting 69. awarded 70. flags单词拼写: 71. attacking 72. opinion/view 73. upset 74. persuade75. recogniz/sed 76. straight 77. attitude 78. ignored 79. active完成句子: 80. lost heart 81. as if/though 82. in ruins 83. whom/who/that, to84. such as 85. devoted, to 86. It, that 87. Only, did书面表达:One possible versionDear Henry,I am very glad to tell you something about the autumn sports meeting in our school. It is held once a year and lasts two days, usually in autumn. Students are welcome to be volunteers and provide service for it. The students who want to take part in it should be interested in sports. There are many events such as running, high jump, ball games and so on. I really enjoy playing table tennis. Are you interested?Best wishes!Yours,Li Hua。
2018年河北省唐山二十三中高三上学期期中数学试卷含解析答案(文科)
2017-2018学年河北省唐山二十三中高三（上）期中数学试卷（文科）一.选择题（12*5）1．（5分）设全集U={1，2，3，4，5，6，7}，M={2，3，4，6}，N={1，4，5}，则（∁U M）∩N 等于（）A．{1，2，4，5，7}B．{1，4，5}C．{1，5}D．{1，4}2．（5分）若z=4+3i，则=（）A．1 B．﹣1 C．+i D．﹣i3．（5分）已知||=1，=（0，2），且•=1，则向量与夹角的大小为（）A．B．C．D．4．（5分）若变量x，y满足约束条件则z=2x﹣y的最小值等于（）A．2 B．﹣2 C．D．5．（5分）命题p：∃x∈N，x3＜x2；命题q：∀a∈（0，1）∪（1，+∞），函数f（x）=log a（x﹣1）的图象过点（2，0），则（）A．p假q真B．p真q假C．p假q假D．p真q真6．（5分）设a=22.5，b=2.50，c=，则a，b，c的大小关系是（）A．a＞c＞b B．c＞a＞b C．a＞b＞c D．b＞a＞c7．（5分）等比数列{a n}的前n项和为S n，已知S3=a2+5a1，a7=2，则a5=（）A．B．﹣ C．2 D．﹣28．（5分）在△ABC中，角A、B、C的对边分别为a、b、c，已知A=，a=，b=1，则c=（）A．1 B．2 C．﹣1 D．9．（5分）函数f（x）=3x+x2﹣2的零点个数为（）A．0 B．1 C．2 D．310．（5分）函数f（x）=e x cosx在点（0，f（0））处的切线方程是（）A．x+y+1=0 B．x+y﹣1=0 C．x﹣y+1=0 D．x﹣y﹣1=011．（5分）函数f（x）=2sin（ωx+φ）（ω＞0，﹣＜φ＜）的部分图象如图所示，f（x）的图象左移个单位得到的g（x）的图象，则g（x）的一条对称轴可以是（）A．x=0 B．x=C．x=D．x=﹣12．（5分）如图所示，已知点G是△ABC的重心，过点G作直线与AB，AC两边分别交于M，N两点，且=x，=y，则x+2y的最小值为（）A．2 B．C．D．二.填空（4*5）13．（5分）某单位有职工750人，其中青年职工350人，中年职工250人，老年职工150人，为了了解该单位职工的健康情况，用分层抽样的方法从中抽取样本，若样本中的青年职工为7人，则样本容量为．14．（5分）执行如图所示的程序框图，则输出的a值是．15．（5分）已知sinα=+cosα，且α∈（0，），则的值为．16．（5分）一条直线经过点A（﹣2，2），并且与两坐标轴围成的三角形的面积为1，则此直线的方程为．三.解答题17．（12分）已知函数f（x）=sin2x﹣sin2（x﹣），x∈R．（1）求f（x）的最小正周期；（2）求f（x）在区间[﹣]的最大值和最小值．18．（12分）空气质量指数（Air Quality Index，简称AQI）是定量描述空气质量状况的指数，空气质量按照AQI大小分为六级，0～50为优；51～100为良；101～150为轻度污染；151～200为中度污染；201～250为重度污染；＞300为严重污染．一环保人士记录2017年某地某月10天的AQI的茎叶图如下．（1）利用该样本估计该地本月空气质量优良（AQI≤100）的天数；（按这个月总共30天计算）（2）若从样本中的空气质量不佳（AQI＞100）的这些天，随机地抽取两天深入分析各种污染指标，求这该两天的空气质量等级恰好不同的概率．19．（12分）如图在四棱锥P﹣ABCD中，底面ABCD为菱形，∠BAD=60°，PA=PD=AD=2，点M在线段PC上，且PM=2MC，N为AD的中点．（1）求证：AD⊥平面PNB；（2）若平面PAD⊥平面ABCD，求三棱锥P﹣NBM的体积．20．（12分）已知椭圆E：=1（a＞b＞o）的离心率e=，且经过点（，1），O为坐标原点．（Ⅰ）求椭圆E的标准方程；（Ⅱ）圆O是以椭圆E的长轴为直径的圆，M是直线x=﹣4在x轴上方的一点，过M作圆O的两条切线，切点分别为P、Q，当∠PMQ=60°时，求直线PQ的方程．21．（12分）已知a∈R，函数f（x）=ax﹣lnx，x∈（0，e]（其中e是自然对数的底数）．（1）当a=2时，求f（x）的单调区间和极值；（2）求函数f（x）在区间（0，e]上的最小值．选做题（10分）．22．（10分）在直角坐标系xOy中，直线l的参数方程为为参数），以原点为极点，x轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，圆C的极坐标方程为．（1）写出圆C的直角坐标方程；（2）P为直线l上一动点，当P到圆心C的距离最小时，求P的直角坐标．23．设函数f（x）=|2x+1|﹣|x﹣4|．（1）求不等式f（x）≤2的解集；（2）求函数y=f（x）的最小值．2017-2018学年河北省唐山二十三中高三（上）期中数学试卷（文科）参考答案与试题解析一.选择题（12*5）1．（5分）设全集U={1，2，3，4，5，6，7}，M={2，3，4，6}，N={1，4，5}，则（∁U M）∩N 等于（）A．{1，2，4，5，7}B．{1，4，5}C．{1，5}D．{1，4}【解答】解：∵全集U={1，2，3，4，5，6，7}，M={2，3，4，6}，N={1，4，5}，∴∁U M={1，5，7}，则（∁U M）∩N={1，5}．故选：C．2．（5分）若z=4+3i，则=（）A．1 B．﹣1 C．+i D．﹣i【解答】解：z=4+3i，则===﹣i．故选：D．3．（5分）已知||=1，=（0，2），且•=1，则向量与夹角的大小为（）A．B．C．D．【解答】解：∵||=1，=（0，2），且•=1，∴===．∴向量与夹角的大小为．故选：C．4．（5分）若变量x，y满足约束条件则z=2x﹣y的最小值等于（）A．2 B．﹣2 C．D．【解答】解：由约束条件作出可行域如图，由图可知，最优解为A，联立，解得A（﹣1，）．∴z=2x﹣y的最小值为2×（﹣1）﹣=．故选：D．5．（5分）命题p：∃x∈N，x3＜x2；命题q：∀a∈（0，1）∪（1，+∞），函数f（x）=log a（x﹣1）的图象过点（2，0），则（）A．p假q真B．p真q假C．p假q假D．p真q真【解答】解：由x3＜x2得，x2（x﹣1）＜0；∴解得x＜1，且x≠0；∴不存在x∈N；∴命题p是假命题；将x=2带入函数f（x）便得到：f（2）=0；∴∀a∈（0，1）∪（1，+∞），都有f（x）的图象过点（2，0）；∴命题q是真命题；∴p假q真．故选：A．6．（5分）设a=22.5，b=2.50，c=，则a，b，c的大小关系是（）A．a＞c＞b B．c＞a＞b C．a＞b＞c D．b＞a＞c【解答】解：∵a=22.5＞20=1，b=2.50=1，，∴a＞b＞c．故选：C．7．（5分）等比数列{a n}的前n项和为S n，已知S3=a2+5a1，a7=2，则a5=（）A．B．﹣ C．2 D．﹣2【解答】解：设等比数列{a n}的公比为q，由S3=a2+5a1，a7=2，得，解得：．∴．故选：A．8．（5分）在△ABC中，角A、B、C的对边分别为a、b、c，已知A=，a=，b=1，则c=（）A．1 B．2 C．﹣1 D．【解答】解：解法一：（余弦定理）由a2=b2+c2﹣2bccosA得：3=1+c2﹣2c×1×cos=1+c2﹣c，∴c2﹣c﹣2=0，∴c=2或﹣1（舍）．解法二：（正弦定理）由=，得：=，∴sinB=，∵b＜a，∴B=，从而C=，∴c2=a2+b2=4，∴c=2．9．（5分）函数f（x）=3x+x2﹣2的零点个数为（）A．0 B．1 C．2 D．3【解答】解：函数f（x）=3x+x2﹣2的零点的个数，即函数y=3x的图象和直线y=2﹣x2的交点个数，画出图象如图所示：函数y=3x的图象和直线y=2﹣x2的交点个数为2，即函数f（x）=3x+x2﹣2的零点的个数为2．故选：C．10．（5分）函数f（x）=e x cosx在点（0，f（0））处的切线方程是（）A．x+y+1=0 B．x+y﹣1=0 C．x﹣y+1=0 D．x﹣y﹣1=0【解答】解：函数f（x）=e x cosx的导数为f′（x）=e x（cosx﹣sinx），即有在点（0，f（0））处的切线斜率为k=e0（cos0﹣sin0）=1，切点为（0，1），则在点（0，f（0））处的切线方程为y﹣1=x﹣0，即为x﹣y+1=0．故选：C．11．（5分）函数f（x）=2sin（ωx+φ）（ω＞0，﹣＜φ＜）的部分图象如图所示，f（x）的图象左移个单位得到的g（x）的图象，则g（x）的一条对称轴可以是（）A．x=0 B．x=C．x=D．x=﹣【解答】解：由图象可知，即函数的周期T=π，∴ω=2，∵f（）=2sin（2×+φ）=2sin（+φ）=2，即sin（+φ）=1∴+φ=+kπ，k∈Z，即φ=+kπ，k∈Z，∵﹣＜φ＜，∴φ=，即f（x）=2sin（2x﹣），将f（x）的图象左移个单位得到的g（x）的图象，则g（x）=f（x+）=2sin（2x﹣）=2cos（2x﹣），由2x﹣=kπ，k∈Z，解得x=，∴当k=﹣1时，x=，故选：D．12．（5分）如图所示，已知点G是△ABC的重心，过点G作直线与AB，AC两边分别交于M，N两点，且=x，=y，则x+2y的最小值为（）A．2 B．C．D．【解答】解：∵M，N，G三点共线，∴=λ，∴﹣=λ（﹣），∵点G是△ABC的重心，∴=（+），∴（+）﹣x=λ（y﹣（+）），∴，解得，（3x﹣1）（3y﹣1）=1；结合图象可知≤x≤1，≤y≤1；令3x﹣1=m，3y﹣1=n，（≤m≤2，≤n≤2）；故mn=1，x=，y=；故x+2y=+2×=++1≥•2+1，（当且仅当=，即m=，n=时，等号成立），故x+2y的最小值为•2+1=；故选：C．二.填空（4*5）13．（5分）某单位有职工750人，其中青年职工350人，中年职工250人，老年职工150人，为了了解该单位职工的健康情况，用分层抽样的方法从中抽取样本，若样本中的青年职工为7人，则样本容量为15．【解答】解：根据分层抽样的定义和方法，每个个体被抽到的概率等于=．设样本容量等于n，则有=，解得n=15，故答案为15．14．（5分）执行如图所示的程序框图，则输出的a值是121．【解答】解：模拟执行程序框图，可得a=1，执行循环体，a=4，不满足条件a＞100，执行循环体，a=13不满足条件a＞100，执行循环体，a=40不满足条件a＞100，执行循环体，a=121满足条件a＞100，退出循环，输出a的值为121．故答案为：121．15．（5分）已知sinα=+cosα，且α∈（0，），则的值为﹣．【解答】解：由sinα=+cosα，得到sinα﹣cosα=①，又sin2α+cos2α=1②，且α∈（0，），联立①②解得：sinα=，cosα=，∴cos2α=cos2α﹣sin2α=﹣，sin（α﹣）=（sinα﹣cosα）=，则==﹣．故答案为：﹣16．（5分）一条直线经过点A（﹣2，2），并且与两坐标轴围成的三角形的面积为1，则此直线的方程为x+2y﹣2=0或2x+y+2=0．【解答】解：设直线方程：y=k（x+2）+2，直线与两坐标轴交点（，0），（0，2k+2）∵与两坐标轴围成的三角形的面积为1，∴=1，当时，k的值不存在；当，k的值不存在；当，即k＜﹣1时，整理，得2k2+5k+2=0，解得k=﹣2，或k=﹣（舍）∴直线方程为y=﹣2（x+2）+2，即2x+y+2=0；当，即k＞﹣1时，整理，得2k2+5k+2=0，解得k=﹣2（舍），或k=﹣∴直线方程为y=﹣（x+2）+2，即x+2y﹣2=0．综上所述：所求直线为：x+2y﹣2=0或2x+y+2=0．故答案为：x+2y﹣2=0或2x+y+2=0．三.解答题17．（12分）已知函数f（x）=sin2x﹣sin2（x﹣），x∈R．（1）求f（x）的最小正周期；（2）求f（x）在区间[﹣]的最大值和最小值．【解答】解：（1）化简可得f（x）=sin2x﹣sin2（x﹣）=（1﹣cos2x）﹣[1﹣cos（2x﹣）]=（1﹣cos2x﹣1+cos2x+sin2x）=（﹣cos2x+sin2x）=sin（2x﹣），∴f（x）的最小正周期T==π；（2）∵x∈[﹣，]，∴2x﹣∈[﹣，]，∴sin（2x﹣）∈[﹣1，]，∴sin（2x﹣）∈[﹣，]，∴f（x）在区间[﹣，]内的最大值和最小值分别为，﹣．18．（12分）空气质量指数（Air Quality Index，简称AQI）是定量描述空气质量状况的指数，空气质量按照AQI大小分为六级，0～50为优；51～100为良；101～150为轻度污染；151～200为中度污染；201～250为重度污染；＞300为严重污染．一环保人士记录2017年某地某月10天的AQI的茎叶图如下．（1）利用该样本估计该地本月空气质量优良（AQI≤100）的天数；（按这个月总共30天计算）（2）若从样本中的空气质量不佳（AQI＞100）的这些天，随机地抽取两天深入分析各种污染指标，求这该两天的空气质量等级恰好不同的概率．【解答】解：（1）从茎叶图中可发现该样本中空气质量优的天数为2，空气质量良的天数为4，故该样本中空气质量优良的频率为，从而估计该月空气质量优良的天数为（2）该样本中空气质量不佳共4天，所以该两天的空气质量等级恰好不同的概率为．19．（12分）如图在四棱锥P﹣ABCD中，底面ABCD为菱形，∠BAD=60°，PA=PD=AD=2，点M在线段PC上，且PM=2MC，N为AD的中点．（1）求证：AD⊥平面PNB；（2）若平面PAD⊥平面ABCD，求三棱锥P﹣NBM的体积．【解答】（1）证明：如图，∵PA=PD，N为AD的中点，∴PN⊥AD∵底面ABCD为菱形，∠BAD=60°，∴BN⊥AD∵PN∩BN=N，∴AD⊥平面PNB（2）解：∵平面PAD⊥平面ABCD，平面PAD∩平面ABCD=AD，PN⊥AD，∴PN⊥平面ABCD，∵PN⊥NB，PA=PD=AD=2，∴PN⊥平面ABCD，∵PN⊥NB，PA=PD=AD=2，∴PN=NB=，点到P平面ABCD的距离为．=××=．∴S△PNB∵AD⊥平面PNB，AD∥BC，∴BC⊥平面PNB．∵PM=2MC，∴V P=V M﹣PNB==××××2=．﹣NBM∴三棱锥P﹣NBM的体积为．20．（12分）已知椭圆E：=1（a＞b＞o）的离心率e=，且经过点（，1），O为坐标原点．（Ⅰ）求椭圆E的标准方程；（Ⅱ）圆O是以椭圆E的长轴为直径的圆，M是直线x=﹣4在x轴上方的一点，过M作圆O的两条切线，切点分别为P、Q，当∠PMQ=60°时，求直线PQ的方程．【解答】解：（Ⅰ）∵椭圆E：=1（a＞b＞0）的离心率e=，∴，∴，∴a2=2b2①∵椭圆E：=1经过点（，1），∴②①代入②可得b2=4∴a2=2b2=8∴椭圆E的标准方程为；（Ⅱ）连接OM，OP，OQ，设M（﹣4，m）由圆的切线性质及∠PMQ=60°，可知△OPM为直角三角形且∠OMP=30°∵|OP|=2，∴∴∵m＞0，∴m=4∴M（﹣4，4）∴以OM为直径的圆K的方程为（x+2）2+（y﹣2）2=8与圆O：x2+y2=8联立，两式相减可得直线PQ的方程为：x﹣y+2=021．（12分）已知a∈R，函数f（x）=ax﹣lnx，x∈（0，e]（其中e是自然对数的底数）．（1）当a=2时，求f（x）的单调区间和极值；（2）求函数f（x）在区间（0，e]上的最小值．【解答】解：（1）a=2时，f（x）=2x﹣lnx，（x＞0），f′（x）=2﹣=，令f′（x）＞0，解得：x＞，令f′（x）＜0，解得：0＜x＜，故f（x）在（0，）递减，在（，+∞）递增，故f（x）=f（）=1+ln2，无极大值；极小值（2）记g（a）是函数f（x）在（0，e]上的最小值，f′（x）=a﹣=，当a≤0时，f′（x）＜0，故f（x）在（0，e]递减，则g（a）=f（e）=ae﹣1，当0＜a≤时，f′（x）≤0，故f（x）在（0，e]递减，则g（a）=f（e）=ae﹣1，当a＞时，f（x）在（0，]递减，在[，e]递增，则g（a）=f（）=1+lna，综上：g（a）=．选做题（10分）．22．（10分）在直角坐标系xOy中，直线l的参数方程为为参数），以原点为极点，x轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，圆C的极坐标方程为．（1）写出圆C的直角坐标方程；（2）P为直线l上一动点，当P到圆心C的距离最小时，求P的直角坐标．【解答】解：（1）圆C的极坐标方程为，可得直角坐标方程为x2+y2=2，即x2+（y﹣）2=3；（2）设P（3+，t），∵C（0，），∴|PC|==，∴t=0时，P到圆心C的距离最小，P的直角坐标是（3，0）．23．设函数f（x）=|2x+1|﹣|x﹣4|．（1）求不等式f（x）≤2的解集；（2）求函数y=f（x）的最小值．【解答】解：（1）函数f（x）=|2x+1|﹣|x﹣4|，则对于不等式f（x）≤2，当x＜﹣时，不等式化为﹣（2x+1）+（x﹣4）≤2，解得x≥﹣7，∴﹣7≤x＜﹣；当﹣≤x≤4时，不等式化为（2x+1）+（x﹣4）≤2，解得x≤，∴﹣≤x≤；当x ＞4时，不等式化为（2x +1）﹣（x ﹣4）≤2， 解得x ≤﹣3，∴不等式无解； 综上，不等式f （x ）≤2的解集为；…（5分）（2）当x ＜﹣时，f （x ）=﹣（2x +1）+（x ﹣4）=﹣x ﹣5； 当﹣≤x ≤4时，f （x ）=（2x +1）+（x ﹣4）=3x ﹣3； 当x ＞4时，f （x ）=（2x +1）﹣（x ﹣4）=x +5；综上，f （x ）=；因为函数f （x ）在上单调递减，在（4，+∞）上单调递增， 在上单调递增，所以f （x ）在x=﹣时取得最小值为．…（10分）赠送—高中数学知识点【2.1.1】指数与指数幂的运算 （1）根式的概念①如果,,,1nx a a R x R n =∈∈>，且n N +∈，那么x 叫做a 的n 次方根．当n 是奇数时，a 的n n a n 是偶数时，正数a 的正的n n a 表示，负的n 次方根用符号n a -0的n 次方根是0；负数a 没有n 次方根．n a n 叫做根指数，a 叫做被开方数．当n 为奇数时，a 为任意实数；当n 为偶数时，0a ≥．③根式的性质：()n n a a =；当n 为奇数时，nn a a =；当n 为偶数时，(0)|| (0) nna a a a a a ≥⎧==⎨-<⎩． （2）分数指数幂的概念①正数的正分数指数幂的意义是：0,,,m na a m n N +=>∈且1)n >．0的正分数指数幂等于0．②正数的负分数指数幂的意义是： 11()()(0,,,m m m nn n aa m n N a a-+==>∈且1)n >．0的负分数指数幂没有意义． 注意口诀：底数取倒数，指数取相反数．（3）分数指数幂的运算性质①(0,,)r s r s a a a a r s R +⋅=>∈ ②()(0,,)r s rs a a a r s R =>∈ ③()(0,0,)r r r ab a b a b r R =>>∈【2.1.2】指数函数及其性质 （4）指数函数〖2.2〗对数函数【2.2.1】对数与对数运算（1）对数的定义①若(0,1)xa N a a =>≠且，则x 叫做以a 为底N 的对数，记作log a x N =，其中a 叫做底数，N 叫做真数．②负数和零没有对数．③对数式与指数式的互化：log (0,1,0)x a x N a N a a N =⇔=>≠>． （2）几个重要的对数恒等式log 10a =，log 1a a =，log b a a b =．（3）常用对数与自然对数常用对数：lg N ，即10log N ；自然对数：ln N ，即log e N （其中 2.71828e =…）． （4）对数的运算性质 如果0,1,0,0a a M N >≠>>，那么①加法：log log log ()a a a M N MN += ②减法：log log log a a a MM N N-= ③数乘：log log ()n a a n M M n R =∈ ④log a Na N =⑤log log (0,)b n a a nM M b n R b=≠∈ ⑥换底公式：log log (0,1)log b a b NN b b a=>≠且【2.2.2】对数函数及其性质。
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2017-2018学年第一学期高三年级期中考试试题英语 A卷第I卷第一部分听力第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）1. What does the man want to do?A. Take photos.B. Buy a camera.C. Help the woman.2. What are the speakers talking about?A. A noisy night.B. Their life in town.C. A place of living.3. Where is the man now?A. On his way.B. In a restaurant.C. At home.4. What will Celia do?A. Find a player.B. Watch a game.C. Play basketball.5. What day is it when the conversation takes place?A. Saturday.B. Sunday.C. Monday.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面一段对话，回答第6至7两个小题。
6. What is Sara going to do?A. Buy John a gift.B. Invite John to France.C. Give John a surprise.7. What does the man think of Sara’s plan?A. Funny.B. Exciting.C. Strange.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. Why does Diana say sorry to Peter?A. She has to give up her travel plan.B. She wants to visit another city.C. She needs to put off her test.9. What does Diana want Peter to do?A. Help her with her study.B. Take a book to her friend.C. Teach a geography lesson.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. Why does the man call the woman?A. To tell her about her new job.B. To ask about her job programC. To plan a meeting with her.11. Who needs a new flat?A. Alex.B. Andrea.C. Miranda.12. Where is the woman now?A. In Baltimore.B. In New York.C. In Avon.听下面一段对话，回答第13至16四个小题。
13. What does Jan consider most important when he judges a restaurant?A. Where the restaurant is.B. Whether the prices are low.C. How well the food is prepared.14. When did Jan begin to write for a magazine?A. After he came back to Sweden.B. Before he went to the United States.C. As soon as he got his first job in 1982.15. What may Jan do to find a good restaurant?A. Talk to people in the street.B. Speak to taxi drivers.C. Ask hotel clerks.16. What do we know about Jan?A. He cooks for a restaurant.B. He travels a lot for his work.C. He prefers American food.听下面一段独白，回答第17至20四个小题。
17. What do we know about the Plaza Leon?A. It’s a new building.B. It’s a small town.C. It’s a public place.18. When do parents and children like going to the Plaza Leon?A. Saturday nights.B. Sunday afternoons.C. Fridays and Saturdays.19. Which street is known for its food shops and markets?A. Via Del Mar Street.B. Fernando Street.C. Hernandes Street.20. Why does the speaker like Horatio Street best?A. It has an old stone surface.B. It is named after a writer.C. It has a famous university.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分；满分30分）A“Joe? Is that you?” The woman speaking to me at the baseball game looked a little familiar. “Marci?” I asked.“It IS you !” she cried out, smiling broadly. “Gosh, it’s good to see you again !”It was good to see Marci, too. Off and on during the pas t few decades, I’ve wondered about her. I almost tried to search for her a few years ago after talking to a friend who had indicated that the 1990s had been pretty rough for Marci. So meeting her at the baseball game was really out of expectation.We spent a few minutes talking about our lives—the good old, bad old days. Then Marci grew quiet for a moment. “You know, Joe,” she said, “ I’ve always wanted to tell you…how…how sorry I am for the way I treated you. You must have been hurt both physically and men tally.” I was a little embarrassed. I turned and looked at her. “It’s OK,” I said, “No big deal!” “But I was such a jerk,” she continued. Yes you were, I thought. “We were both pretty young,” I smiled. “I know.” she said, “It’s just always bothered me, remembering how mean I was to you. And I’ve wanted to tell you that I’m sorry.”The expression on her face was warm and sincere. And there was something in her eyes—it looked a lot like relief. “OK,” I said. “Apology accepted!” Overcomeby the sweetness of the moment, I reached an arm around her and gave her a quick hug. Just then, the crowd erupted with a huge cheer, and Marci and I both returned our attention to the game. By the time I looked over to where she had been, she was gone. But the warm, wonderful feeling of our brief exchange was still there, and continues to this day whenever I think about it.It isn’t enough to just say “I’m sorry” and “You’re forgiven.” But when those words are truly felt and sincerely expressed, they can open the door to miracles of the heart. Forgiveness can bring peace to an injured soul—even years after the fact. Even at a baseball game.21. What kind of life did Marci live during the late 20th century according to the passage?A. Happy.B. Busy.C. Hard.D. Simple.22. What does the underlined word “jerk” in the third paragraph mean?A. A humorous person.B. A cruel person.C.A careless person.D. An honest person.23. Why did Marci look in relief after talking with the author?A. Because her favorite team won the game.B. Because she learned Joe was living a good life.C. Because she made an apology to the author.D. Because she found she was not mean any longer.24. What might be the best title for the passage?A. Excitement of a Baseball GameB. Mental Burden of a WomanC. Miracles of ForgivenessD. Relief of Finding a friendBThe online business model is changing on a satisfaction-first basis. It doesn’t matter if someone recommended you an app, nothing beats getting to try out the app first before deciding on whether or not to apply for the service.●RhapsodyListen to Rhapsody’s large music library and get the option to download and listen to songs or even full-length albums even when you’re offline. At the moment, this service is available in 32 co untries only. Remember that you’ll need to cancel withinthe free trial period to avoid being charged for your first month.[Trial period—14 days∣After trial—$ 9.99/month ∣Try now]●BigstockNeed save photos for your presentations and artworks? 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You can backup your data for Google apps, Office 365, various social media sites and even Salesforce.[Trial period—15 days ∣After trial—$3/month ∣Try now]To learn more about the Apps above, Click Here.25. Who is more likely to use the app Canvas?A. A secretary.B. A photographer.C. An artist.D. A musician.26. To save photos, what can be of some help?A. Bigstock and Canvas.B. Backupify and BigstockC. Rhapsody and Backupify.D. Rhapsody and Canvas.27. What do the four apps have in common?A. Users will access them via email accounts.B. They offer free entertainment services.C. They can help brush up users’ work skills.D. Users can try them without paying money.28. Where can you find more information about such apps?A. A magazine.B. A TV show.C. A website.D. A newspaper.CNew research brings some good news for lovers of spicy (辛辣的) foods, after finding that eating hot red chili peppers might help to extend lifespan (寿命).Consuming hot red chili peppers might reduce death risk, say Chopan and Littenberg from the research team. In hot peppers, such as Mexico peppers, the strong flavor comes from a compound (复合物), which does not exist in sweet peppers or onions. Studies have suggested that this compound can offer a wealth of health benefits.A study of more than 16,000 people in the United States revealed that individuals who consumed red chili peppers had a lower risk of death from all causes over an average of 18 years than those who did not eat the spicy food. Compared with participants who did not consume hot red chili peppers, those who did were found to be at 13 percent reduced risk of all-cause death.For example, a recent study reported by Medical News Today, found that the compound might have the potential to stop breast cancer, while an earlier study linked the compound to a reduced risk of digest system cancers. Still, the available data suggested that hot red chili pepper consumption was most strongly associated with a reduced risk of death from heart disease.While the researchers are unable to identify the concrete compound by which red chili peppers might extend lifespan, the team says that it is likely due to the compound that is effectively against obesity (肥胖症).Overall, the team says that these latest findings support those of the 2015 study, linking spicy food intake to reduced risk of death by showing “a signific ant decrease in death associated with hot red chili pepper consumption.” However, Chopan and Littenberg note that the earlier study was only conducted in Chinese adults, so thenew research makes these findings more credible.29. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The study only goes for American people.B. Red chili pepper can cure all-cause disease.C. The compound protects people against obesity.D. Onion consuming can reduce death risk.30. What is the finding of the new research mainly about?A. Hot red chili pepper lovers develop no cancersB. Hot red chili peppers help control breast illness.C. Hot red chili peppers decrease heart disease.D. Hot red chili pepper intake may increase lifespan.31. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “credible”?A. Convincing.B. Practical.C. Encouraging.D. Attractive.DWhen you’re working your way through one of life’s storms, it is human nature to focus on getting back to normal, to “bounce back” as quickly as possible to a place where things are calm, familiar and comfortable.However, actually it is unrealistic to think we can ever truly return emotionally and intelligently to where we were before the storm because every experience changes us in some way. For example, when we experience a major health scare, possibly involving some hospital time, we can never go back to being the person we were before the event even if we fully recover because we have experienced firsthand the fragility (脆弱) of life, not to mention coming face to face with death.So, now that we can never return, what should we do?Consider this: how is it that two people can be faced with the same hardship and while one becomes hopeless and feels anger and upset, the other is able to overcome their circumstances and grow stronger than ever as a result of the experience?At one extreme, we may choose to accept the role of unlucky victim, or become trapped in the “Why is it always me!” negative and frustrating (令人沮丧的) situations. Either way is the result of a fixed mindset (思维模式) that is resistantto growth and change. If this is your approach to life, you will be far less likely to be active in effectively managing change and recovering from bad situations.But there is another choice. If you are honest enough, you may consider what was once “normal” for you was just the main cause of your storm. You can choose to hug change and uncertainty and learn to grow forward through all of your experiences. Of course, this means doing the work to develop the skills and habits that will enable you to handle life’s occasional storms.In conclusion, it is up to each of us to choose the meaning we apply to our situations at all times. Different choices will lead to different lives. Of course you can grow forward if you are determined to choose to live a positive life regardless of whatever hardships you are facing.32. What does the author try to convey with the example in the second paragraph?A. We will understand life much better after an escape from death.B. It usually takes a long time to recover from a health problem.C. It’s unlikely to return to where we were after certain events.D. We can recover from an emotional problem much more easily.33. When faced with hardships, some people choose to be a victim because of __________.A. their terrible experiencesB. their negative thoughtsC. their poor healthD. their bad luck34. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To advise us to manage bad emotions.B. To persuade us to get back to normal.C. To offer us useful skills to work with.D. To encourage us to overcome hardships.35. If you’re determined to grow forward you have to ________.A. experience life’s fragilityB. welcome uncertainty and changeC. develop new skills and habitsD. overcome the fear of death第二节：（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。