反英雄形象视角下《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿形象研究
试析《麦田里的守望者》中的霍尔顿形象
试析《麦田里的守望者》中的霍尔顿形象摘要：《麦田的守望者》是美国小说家塞林格的代表作，这是一部严肃的现实主义作品，同时也是美国当代文学中的经典之作。
作品中塑造的霍尔顿形象一直以来在文学界和社会上都存在着很大的影响，毁誉参半，在今天仍然具有十分重要的现实意义。
对同一部小说的认识如此泾渭分明，主要是因为审美和意识形态的存在着差距。
在本文中尝试对霍尔顿这一形象进行分析，联系当前社会现实，从审美和意识形态角度出发来对其进行重新解读。
关键词：霍尔顿形象；审美差距；意识形态Abstract: "the catcher in the Rye" is the representative of American novelist Salinger, this is a realistic work seriously, but also inthe contemporary American literature classic. Work in shaping the image of Holton has been in the literary circles and society have great influence, today still has get both praise and blame, is of great practical significance. Understanding of the same novel soquite distinct from each other mainly because of aesthetic ideology, and there is a gap between the. In this paper, the author tries to analyze the image of Holton, contact the current social reality, and re interpret it from the perspective of aesthetics and ideology.Key words: Holton image; aesthetic gap; ideology前言塞林格的长篇小说《麦田的守望者》在1951年出版，出版之后对于主人公霍尔顿的争议就一直存在，褒贬不一。
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格1. 引言1.1 介绍《麦田里的守望者》及主人公霍尔顿《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家J·D·塞林格创作的一部小说，主要讲述了一个叫霍尔顿·考菲尔德的青少年在纽约度过的三天两夜的经历。
霍尔顿是一个反叛的少年，他对现实世界和社会规范抱有强烈的不满和反感，对虚伪和矫揉造作的行为深感厌恶。
他是一个独来独往的人，不喜欢与人交往，对人际关系持怀疑态度。
霍尔顿的个性备受争议，有人认为他是一个病态叛逆的颓废者，但也有人认为他是一个敢于挑战社会假面具的清道夫。
无论如何，他的形象无疑让读者印象深刻，引发了人们对其内心世界的无尽探索和思考。
霍尔顿的矛盾性格在小说中得到了充分展现，他同时具有对社会的愤世嫉俗和对世界的纯真向往，是一个复杂多变的人物。
在霍尔顿的内心世界中，我们看到了一个同时存在着虚伪和真实、悲观和乐观、愤怒和温柔的人格，这种矛盾性格使他呈现出一种独特的魅力和魅力。
2. 正文2.1 霍尔顿的矛盾性格体现在对社会规范的反叛与对真实性的追求霍尔顿的矛盾性格体现在对社会规范的反叛与对真实性的追求。
霍尔顿是一个叛逆的少年，他对社会的虚伪和假装感到极度厌恶，因此他经常表现出对权威和规则的反抗。
他讨厌虚伪的人和虚伪的行为，更愿意追求真实和纯粹。
这种对社会规范的反叛行为和对真实性的追求形成了霍尔顿矛盾性格的一个重要方面。
在小说中，霍尔顿经常指责别人虚伪不真诚，但他自己也并不完全真实。
他常常撒谎遮掩自己的内心真实感受，对外表造成了一个完全不同的形象，这种行为与他对真实的追求产生了冲突。
他虽然反对社会规范，但自己也无法完全摆脱社会赋予的角色和期望。
2.2 霍尔顿表现出对人性的矛盾态度霍尔顿在《麦田里的守望者》中表现出对人性的矛盾态度，这体现在他对周围人的看法和态度的多变性上。
一方面，霍尔顿对许多人持有批判和不信任的态度，他认为大部分人都是虚伪和自私的。
他对学校同学和老师的看法都非常负面，认为他们都是做作和虚伪的。
《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿人物形象分析 霍尔顿是个怎样的人
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叛逆与成长：《麦田里的守望者》中的霍尔顿形象剖析
叛逆与成长：《麦田里的守望者》中的霍尔顿形象剖析一、《麦田里的守望者》简介《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家J·D·塞林格创作于1951年的小说，被誉为20世纪最重要的作品之一。
小说以第一人称叙述方式呈现，主要讲述了十六岁少年霍尔顿·考菲尔德在纽约度过一个周末，并且揭示了他对社会虚伪和人性善恶的思考。
二、霍尔顿·考菲尔德的叛逆性格1. 反对社会假象霍尔顿对社会虚伪深感厌恶，他嘲笑那些为了个人利益而丧失真实自我的人。
他反抗着虚伪面具所代表的成熟和冷漠，代表着对荒谬行为及其动机达到极限情绪。
> "呆板如石英钟机,设法享有一点私下空间；但你知道老子病毒已感染社会——尤其是市场松复时期、“国家安全（显然是指第二次洲际战争）”百廷争议节。
“ (《麦田里的守望者》)2. 对成人世界的不认同霍尔顿排斥成人世界，认为他们无法理解年轻人内心的真实感受。
他对家长、老师以及社会阶层有非常负面的看法，他无法适应这个伪善与冷漠并存的世界，因此努力寻找一个发泄自我的出口。
> "同时我幻想荒谬无厘头事、踏足外地；新地方、孤独美好。
某些时候我想沿途找个远远离开人类完全见识个反脱离，住农场或训练角斗士。
”(《麦田里的守望者》)3. 保护天真与纯洁霍尔顿认为儿童是纯洁无邪的，他试图将这种纯真保留下来，并愿意为此付出努力。
他认为自己有责任站出来保护那些即将失去天真童真的孩子们。
> “当你跑到在馆员前敏捷婴琵琶声飞，而又知道：完犊子！你傻了。
- 而这短促落胎期。
(《麦田里的守望者》)三、霍尔顿·考菲尔德的成长过程1. 寻找自我认同在矛盾与反叛中，霍尔顿不断尝试寻找自己的定位和认同。
他试图通过观察别人和推敲事物来理解自己。
这个过程是艰难且充满挫折的，但也逐渐帮助他建立了清晰的价值观。
> “其积极与阴暗演技操遥控大有真意之来源_起重机作工需要如果所题材支撑范围召任[边界具备请博格对你拉链扣环采伏共染窗户测试问造}`《麦田里的守望者》)2. 学会接纳现实经历一系列挫折和成长后，霍尔顿逐渐认识到无法永远保持理想与天真童心。
《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的人物形象塑造
《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的人物形象塑造《麦田里的守望者》被公认为美国成长小说的代表之作,是二十世纪美国著名作家杰罗姆·戴维·塞林格的唯一长篇小说。
小说于1951年出版,一经问世便广受评论家的关注和青少年读者的喜爱。
该小说塑造了一位陷入身份危机困扰的青少年霍尔顿,生动地描述了主人公探寻自我身份的过程,揭示了二战后美国青少年普遍的精神危机。
故事以二战时期为背景,人们生活受到了消极影响,塞林格的成长小说因此呈现出不同于其它成长小说的一些特征。
本文从艾里克森关于青少年自我身份形成理论着手,深入剖析霍尔顿经历的身份危机及其努力追寻自我的艰难旅程。
本文在小说的人物发展中探寻身份危机的根源,同时发掘作者对霍尔顿这一人物的塑造与其它成长小说在人物塑造上的独到之处分析主人公面临的身份危机。
霍尔顿的人物刻画的独特之处主要体现在三个方面：人物的语言,人物的心理,人物的视角,这几个方面充分表明了他面临的身份危机,深刻地反映了霍尔顿在对成人世界的拒绝与内心的挣扎。
最后,主人公自我探寻的旅程以失败结尾,这体现在作者塑造的“反英雄”式人物及其顿悟。
霍尔顿的成长道路也不同于以往经典成长小说,三天的精神之旅后他仍然饱受身份危机的折磨,一方面他通过个人顿悟走向成熟,身体上不再流浪,另一方他意识到残酷的社会现实,面临着生理上与精神上的矛盾挣扎,不是妥协地融入社会,而是在精神上彻底崩溃,更加孤立无助。
最后他躺在精神病院里,他的追寻自我的旅程以失败告终。
本文总结出正是社会现实的虚伪以及家庭的不和谐最终导致霍尔顿身份困境和自我探寻,以及自我身份的确立的失败。
更重要得是霍尔顿的身份危机经历不仅代表了美国五十年代青少年对个人身份的探寻,也反映了各时期各国家青少年在特定成长阶段普遍存在的对个人身份的探讨问题。
《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的性格分析
《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的性格分析小说《麦田里的守望者》的主人公霍尔顿作为一位十六岁的大孩子，在一个物欲横流、虚伪冷酷的世界中，性格既有叛逆和怯弱的一面，又有善良和童真的一面。
他看透成人的“假模假式”，但自己的追寻却一次次的失败。
本文阐述了内心充满矛盾的霍尔顿在物质条件丰富精神生活空虚匮乏下所表现出的双面性格。
标签：麦田里的守望者；霍尔顿；双重性格《麦田里的守望者》是美国现代作家杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格的代表作，发表于1951年，是塞林格唯一一部长篇小说。
全书以出身美国中产阶级家庭的16岁中学生霍尔顿·考尔德的口吻叙述自己的所思所想、所见所闻和行为举止，也以一个青少年的眼光批判了成人世界的虚伪面目和欺骗行径。
塞林格运用现实主义笔触生动细致地描绘了青春期少年的苦闷彷徨、孤独愤世的精神世界，塑造了美国当代文学中最早的反英雄形象之一。
为了更好地解读这部伟大的小说，本文尝试着分析霍尔顿性格中相互矛盾的特点。
一、霍尔顿的叛逆和怯弱要分析霍尔顿的性格就必须和当时的社会现实相联系。
20世纪50年代美国社会高度繁荣，物质文化成为人们生活中的主导潮流。
人们因为盲目的追求物质上的成功而丧失了原有的精神追求。
第二次世界大战后，美国统治集团对外实施冷战政策，对内实行法西斯式的欺骗宣传和恐怖政策。
在臭名昭著的麦卡锡主义的思想统治下，人民民主权利遭到严重的威胁，许多知识分子受到迫害。
于是，许多青年便摆脱了崇高信仰，失去了生活的目标，“只想勉勉强强混日子，追求麻醉、安慰和娱乐”——“吃饭、喝酒、聊天、跳舞、打架、恋爱、睡觉”[1]，沉浸在“垮掉的一代”所津津乐道的生活方式中。
霍尔顿代表了美国20世纪50年代城市青年的苦闷和彷徨，在他身上凝聚着“垮掉的一代”的许多特征。
塞林格笔下的霍尔顿形象更多的是灰色基调，在霍尔顿身上表现出种种的叛逆行为。
他厌恶学校，厌弃读书，自暴自弃，四次被学校开除，并混迹于酒吧、舞厅、电影院、夜总会之间。
《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析
《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析黑体小二号居中，单倍行距摘要霍尔顿是塞林格著名的文学作品《麦田里的守望者》里的小主人公，也是当时美国年轻人的代表人物。
显而易见，形象鲜活的霍尔顿给各个时代的读者都带来了深深地震撼。
本文将着重分析研究霍尔顿的个性特征。
主人公所处的现实社会是矛盾的、对立的。
“假模假样”是这部小说中的一个经典词语，也是主人公常用的词语。
本文将从霍尔顿矛盾性格对立的角度,对他的两方面个性特征进行分析，包括其个性中的反叛性以及其坚守纯真,追求幸福的崇高愿望。
同时探究主人公霍尔顿矛盾性格形成的成因，从社会环境和教育环境两个维度来解读，以期能探索其性格形成的根源。
为了让读者能够更深入的了解主人公和第二次世界大战后美国的社会现状，及作品背后蕴藏的深意，本文对霍尔顿这个具有代表性的人物形象作了深刻的剖析。
关键词: 纯真；性格分析；假模假样；反叛Abstract Holden is the youngprotagonist of the famous literary w orks “The Catcher in the Rye“, which is written by Salinger. At the same time, Holden also represents the youth of American at that time. It is obvious that the vivid image of Holden profoundly impacts all its readers. This thesis will focus on analyzing the personality characteristics of Holden. The real society in which the protagonist lives is contradictory and antagonistic. “Phony“ is a classic words in the novel, and it is also commonly used by the protagonist. It vividly described social hypocrisy and ugliness in the eyes of Holden. This article will analyze Holden’s contradictory character from two aspects, including the rebelliousness in his personality and his noble ideals of defending for purity and chasing happiness. Meanwhile, this paper also explores causes that formed Holden’s contradictory personality by analyzing social and environmental factors, aiming to find out the root of his character. In order to give the reader a deeper understanding on the protagonist, the social situation of the United States after in the Second World War, and the profound meaning behind the works, this article makes a profound analysis on the representative image of Holden. Key words: Purity; personality analysis; phony; rebel Contents 摘要ⅰAbstract ⅱContents ⅲChapterOne Introduction 2 1.1 Holden Caulfield 2 1.2 The Author and the Significance of the Novel 2 Chapter Tow Holden—the Innocent image in The Catcher in the Rye 2 2.1 Holden — A Young Man Loving Pure Childhood Time 2 2.2 Holden--A Patron God for Children 2 2.2.1 The Ideal Eden 2 2.2.2 A Catcher 2 Chapter Three A Rebel Resenting the World 2 3.1 A Rebel against Mundane Affairs 2 3.1.1 A Rebel against the School 2 3.1.2 A Symbol for the Rebel— Red Hunter Cap 2 3.2 Evading in the Revolt 2 3.3 Growing in the Revolt 2 Chapter Four The reasons of Contradictory character 2 4.1 The social environment 2 4.2 The education environment 2 Chapter Five Conclusion 2 Bibliography 2 Acknowledgements 21Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Holden Caulfield The hero in The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield, was a middle school student, who was born in a rich middle-class family. He was only 16 years old, but he was taller than normal teenagers of the same age. He always wore a cap and trench coat every day. Holden did not like studying at school, and was expelled from school three times. Although he was expelled for failing four of his five subjects at the end of one semester, he didn＇t feel sorry. After fighting with his classmates, he didn’t dare to go home. Then he found a smallhotel to live in for one day. And he saw some men and women with disordered life there. There was a man who wore women clothes; each of his postures made Holden feel sick. He would hang out in clubs every time he felt bored. He was annoyed when returning back to the hotel. So he agreed with Maurice’s advice to work as an elevator worker, since Maurice would find a prostitute for him. But when the prostitute came, he felt nervous and scared, and finally had to give five dollars to the prostitute. The next day, Holden donated $10 to two nuns while wandering in the street. Holden went skating with his girlfriend Sally after watching a match. When he saw Sally’s insincerity, Holden felt bad. Holden didn’t want to go home or continue to go to school. Therefore, he decided to make a living in the west and pretended to be a deaf and dumb to live his rest life. But before leaving, he would like to see his sister. So he called her. Having waited for her for a long time, he saw his sister Phoebe arrived dragging a big suitcase full of her clothes. She was determined to go with her brother to the west. Finally, because of his sister’s persistence, he had to give up his plan to the west.1.2 The Author and the Significance of the Novel The Catcher in the Rye is one of the greatest works of modern literature. The author, Jerome David Salinger, wrote this novel whilingpublishing some short novels. However, it had made significant impact on the society and literature of America. The Catcher in the Rye was popular among American teenagers, because it reflected their inside feeling. Critics believed it was the best “initiation novel”. They considered that the novel had some similarities with Huckleberry Finn, a masterpiece of Mark Twain. After it published, The Catcher in the Rye directly influenced creating novels of this kind. “I just wanted to be a catcher in the rye” is its symbolic image, representing the whole meaning of the novel. Salinger hoped to have such a dream that he could accompany the growth of children. Holden’hunter red hat, another profound meaning of the image, consistently existed through the whole novel. The hero would like to be “the catcher in the rye” and then he would be responsible for the safety of children and alert like a hunter. His hat stood for his ideal and responsibility and also the harbor of body and mind. Later he gave the hat to his most beloved sister hoping that she could approve with his thoughts and actions. Chapter Two Holden—the Innocent Image in The Catcher in the Rye 2.1 Holden — a Young Man Loving Pure Childhood Time It can be known from the novel that Holden did not like the hypocrisy of society, and looked forwards to chase the purity of childhood.As long as purity is mentioned, it will make the pure world occur to our mind. In this novel, the pure world was demonstrated by the representative characters. The first one was Alley who was Holden＇s younger brother. He loved Alley for the reason that Alley was his brother as well as because his chasteness and wisdom. As Holden remembered, he slept in the carbarn at the time when Alley died. So he always thought that he should be responsible for Alley’s death. Because he was particularly sad, his fists fiercely broke the glass window. Additionally, he also had the mind that he would die, too. There is another detail that also could found he loved Alley very much: he had been keeping Alley’s baseball glove. As Stradlater＇s request Holden created an article whose content is concerning about the gloves. He often talked to Alley, and it seemed that his younger brother still stayed beside him. As Phoebe asked Holden about what kind thing and person he liked, it often easily made hime to has his cute brother in mind. He knew that Alley had died, but he was the symbol of purity in his heart. Holden exerted all his energies to conrcern with Phoebe when faced her. He looked forward to defend her innocent and pure heart. As he was swallowed by the hypocritical people as well as society, and even as he almost lost hope for everything, then he enteredPhoebe’s room. He told her that he was afraid he would not have an opportunity to see her any more before his death. At the time he made up his mind to go to the West, he said goodbye to Phoebe. He was almost insane when he found the obscene words on the her school walls. It was very has for him to imagine that if students see these kinds of words, what would appear in their mind. Phoebe had expressed her willing to company with him, but he refused frankly. He looked forward her keeping a positive and optimistic attitude towards her life. One time she just said a simple words “shut up”, which surprised him a lot. In Holden＇s mind, when encounter troublesome things, he would think the little girls wearing skating shoes wew very lovable. Here, the word “lovable“ was employed to describe the world in opposition to “hypocritical”. As to the meaning of “lovable“, it contained the quality of sincerity and innocent, and all of them were illustrated by children. Holden had encountered two nuns, both of them were quite nice because they put all their heart and soul to help others, which was different to his aunts who would not do good things. In addition, his aunt would never appear before the public without making up. However, the nuns were not do the same, so they were the symbol of adult＇s purity. What＇s more, there werea lot of other things occured in his mind every now and then, for example his girlfriend Jane, Richard who spoke unconstrainedly in oral class, the changeless duck, the fish in lake, as well as the relic in museum, and even a hunter＇s red cap, all of which transmitted intrinsic signals in his sub-consciousness. In “Survey of Contemporary American Novel” proposed by Huang Tiechi who argued that the signals just keeps two information: the first one is that Holden loves purity and keeps chasing it, and also looks forward to keep innocence as children; the other is changeless and freezing things, and they all demonstrate his intelligence and dignity. (Huang, 2000: 7). 2.2 Holden--A Patron God for Children As Holden had fight against the ugly world, he felt quite tired, and he had disappointment about the corruption and mendacity in the society. He desired to run into the real Eden, at which place he could live with purity and honesty. 2.2.1 The Ideal Eden As to Holden, the ideal Eden was a pure and innocent place for children. Holden agued the world he lived in were full of wicked and brutal things, and the people were all lousy. Therefore, he preferred to isolate himself from the hated world and people. Different with the inveracious and wicked adult world, children＇s simplicity made him be pleased and comforted. To him, together with childrenwas very important to him, as well as his dream about childhood was significant to him. The children world was as clear as crystal, and it was a world filled with love, and warm could be found everywhere. Holden kept the ideal it s hould protect children from disturbing, so that they can keep the pure and real nature of human. It is the ideal Eden that made Holden to become a protector to protect the good nature of children. In the adult world, dismay and corruption were here and there. So, in Holden’s mind, the single thing that worth him to do is to make all his effort to protect children from not to be influenced, and try his best to maintain their innocent nature. “Anyway, I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and nobody’s around-nobody big, I mean-except me. And I’m standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff-I mean if they’re running and they don’t look where they’re going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. That’s all I’d do all day. I’d just be the catcher in the rye and all.”His biggest wish was to defend purity and children. He believed that people were naive and pure when they were children before decaying by adult. There was no doubt that the ideal Eden was equivalentto a faultless Holy Land. 2.2.2 A Catcher Holden created by the author was test himself and his life concept again. Finally, Holden started to clearly make up his thoughts—a bit incoherently, it was true—concerning the thing he was willing to do in h is life. His hope is to be the “catcher”, who can defend children and their purity. He struggled to protect naive children from being disturbed by decadent adult world. He thirsted for philosophical meaning of his life, which keeps a primary moral aim overpassing the reality and practice. The task was as important as a savior. He didn’t mean to be sacrilegious intent, but his only hope was to keep human away from wickedness. The point of view of Holden was that all the unhappy features of a child were because he or her touch the adult world too early. Therefore, he longed for children to maintain purity, and never involving in adult world. Therefore, Holden preferred to become a catcher in the rye, so that he could save a lot of pure and naive children from the edge of cliff. It can be seen from the novel The Catcher in the Rye that the author assure us that Holden has the noble dream to seek for universal fraternity and spirit. He acted as a mutineer to the society, what’s more, he also manifested as a “catcher” protecting purity and children from the evil adult world. In addition, the purity that the childrenowned was one of the most distinguished nature of human. Holden’s career was significant, because it was good for children as well as for the whole world. It was no doubt that Holden should get the greatest compliment to some extent. Chapter Three A Rebel Resenting the World 3.1 A Rebel against Mundane Affairs From the novel, it can be recognized that people had the right to obtain education right. For the purpose of achieving success, all people tried their best to pursue knowledge. He despised those around him, for example his father, his brother and others. Here giving an example to illustrate, “The father who is making a lot of dough and plays golf and plays bridge and buys cars and drinks Martinis and looks like a hot-shot.”. His brother was quite clever, D. B, he chose the way to Hollywood, and looked forward to earn money by creating scripts. In addition, Anto Nepali married a old woman who had a lot of treasure. Holden hated all things like those. Therefore, he started to fight against the real world, and hoped to have a wonderful life as he want. 3.1.1 A Rebel against the School In the first part of the novel, it described that Holden was weeded out of Pencey because he fail one course out of five ones. However, he hadn’t as the school’s stipulated time, in fact, he left school in advance, which was hisown way to revolt against the school. On his own initiative, he left school because of his own willing, but not because of outside driving. He was reluctant to make effort to learn, which clearly demonstrated he revolted against the educational system at that time. From some details in the story, they could also manifest Holden’s rebellion characters. Here giving an example, once he had visited his teacher Mr. Antolini, who compared and analyzed the difference between immature and mature man, and gave him the significant suggestions, but not suicidal suggestion.What was Holden’s response to the sincere advice? He had no interests in listening to suggestions of the teacher, since he only cared for himself. Holden didn’t accept the roles in the world by the constructive way, on the contrary, he rebelled against the school and the family, even the world with the immature attitude. Additionally, he displayed the revolt mood through the words of counter-legitimate and counter-cultured. For instance, it appeared frequently in his words “damn, goddamn, ass, old and so on.” These words appeared with extremely high frequency. It seemed as if Holden was degenerating. The implied meanings in these words are his attitude to the society, and they also expressed he was disgruntled and sad. His weird words and action made him outof the standards rule of society. 3.1.2 A Symbol for the Rebel—Red Hunter Cap As to the red hat from a hunter, it was an unique symbol of the whole novel. The cap stood for Holden’s passive attitude and quality towards a lot of unhappy things in life. He bought it at the time he was repelled in school, and he had mentioned that if he did not want unhappy things to happen, he would wear it. The hunter cap had particular meaning in his dormitory. He said he knew it was hateful to wear the peak to back, but he liked to do it like that.After struggling with Stradlater, he displayed his behavior in an idiosyncratic way again. When he left Pencey, he wore the cap again and place the peak behind, which manifested his joyfulness and deliberateness. He often explained that he liked it that way, and highlighted that he just liked to do as that, from which it could be seen that demonstrated his choice explicitly, and also displayed that he rebelled against the social rule and norm. He made effort to express his wish by unnormal way. He looked forward to be himself, and had to manifest him in the hypocritical and insincere world. Generally speaking, the action of rebellion had agitative feature. It was no doubt that this kind of behavior had unique and particular meaning. Therefore, when recognizing the real society was impacted by decadentthings, Holden revolted at once. While, his defiance was too negligible, hard and slow to be caught in mire. The more he rebelled, the deeper he would be caught, until to be swallowed.3.2 Evading in the Revolt There was such a description in the novel. Holden wandered outside for three days and nights, observing and found the adult world was filled with wickedness, insincerity and evil. He was sensitive, but was not recognized by the society. He did not wants to live lonely, and hoped to get understand from the noisy world, therefore he tried to employ adult communication mode to talk with other people. It was the fact that he was eager to be understood and loved. Holden still kept an overwhelming dream, like a lot of children as well as adult, and need to pay attention. Holden usually appeared in a lot kinds of public places, and used phone to invited peoples including taxi driver and strangers. However, the results are usual out of his expectation, because he was refused or had no common words. Here, giving an example from the novel to demonstrate. After leaving hometown, Holden met Mrs. Morrow. He used lie to make her laugh, but they were glad. The other example was about a prostitute. He called her, but never felt any sexual desire. In fact, his three days experience was the effort he made to try to be understood and to acquire communication. Heoften looked forward to talk with people, because he was too lonely, and desired and catched all opportunities to communicate. With the more unpleasant communication, the more he was dissatisfied. He intended to revolt, however the fact was that he had no choice but to accept the world, but try to escape from it, however, he had to compromise once again. He even kept the mind that he was a man who could not hear and speak because he could not communicate with others in a long time. The world was repelling him, and there was full of loneliness in his heart, which alert him must be phony as others, as well as doing phony things. He made planed for his future life: he imaged he would do a work in gas station where he does not need to think about the type of work or nobody know him; where he does not need to hear and speak, but just get information from the customer’s piece of paper. So, it can be easily found that his decision and action had very closely relationship with the real life and world, despite he could not found hope in the society he lived in. Analyzing from this aspect, it could be seen that he accept and understand about the real world, and it was reasonless to escape from the society. He finally went to a distant place in silent. He had no other choice but to do like that. Holden＇s final purpose was not to keep away from people andlive in a distant place. The truth was that he experieced had fight between the idal and reality for the aim to find a suitable place. But, after encountering more and more failure, he recognized that no matter what he did, it would be no use. There was no such an ideal place in real world. Wang Lihong was a famous reviewer, and he once said Holden just had two choice, one was to accept the real society, the other was to be insane. In the real world, he had no choice but to accept the reality. Wang also gave an example to argue his point of view: Holden went back to school in Sept. and attempted to integrate i nto the society again. (Wang, 2006:180) As Wang＇s opinion, he chose to compromise totally. 3.3 Growing in the Revolt In his novel, J.D had created two lovely roles who were Holden and Phoebe, and they two were like angles. They possessed good qualities like kindness, honesty and courage. They had sympathy with others, and in particular, had the character of rebellion. They also get rid of the common norms of the society, and finally developed their own thought. His younger sister, Phoebe was the only one who Holden could talk about his ideal with. It was also Phoebe roused Holden’s heart by her loveliness and wisdom. Holden had experienced three days and nights seeking for communication, from which knew how torevolt against reality as well as recognized the important meaning of growth. There was detail description in 25th chapter of his book: Holden sat on a bench, and after a while, he watched his little sister riding wooden horse and playing with other children. Meanwhile, the children revolved again along with music. And he thought that they all were making effort to get the gold ring, including Phoebe, he worried she may fall off, but he still kept silence and did nothing. . At the beginning Holden took care of Phoebe as parents, however he recognized that the best parents should allow kids to do something they want, and try to take adventure. Therefore, Holden believed it was important for children to attempt to tough new things, which may have some risk. After realizing that, he just watched Phoebe grabbing the golden horse by herself tightly, and did not disturbed her. Here, the character’s conflict was manifested, that is to say, he reluctant to accept the adult life, but he had to grow up and learned to be mature. He was not a child any more, and would be adult soon, even though he thought the adult world were decadent. If he want to grow up quickly, he had to take adventure with enough courage. Then, he made effort to know the world and to accept it. This was a very necessary course he had to learn. He finally knew that if there was happiness, therewas also sorrow, and the same as beauty and ugliness, which he learned from Phoebe. So, he believed that if the children wanted to grab the gold ring, adult should allow them to do and just keep silence; they may fallen off, but it was not good for adults to stop them . (Salinger，1951:211). Since then, he had been more and more mature. The merry-go-round was like life, as it revolved, the life also continued. Every body was revolved around the center axis. There was a academic article about this novel, and it made conclusion that Holden was not the only man who doubted and dissatisfied with real society, but if the jockey could follow the rules and adjust himself, then he/her would be safe on the wooden horse, in spite of everything outside. (Kong, 2001: 72) Time after time, Holden finally recognized that he longed for peace and solitude. Chapter Four The Reasons of Contradictory characters 4.1 Social Environment Holden met his brother’s ex-girlfriend when he drank in Greenwich Village and talked with his brother about who was a talented writer. His brother had published a good short story. But later he began to write some vulgar plays for Hollywood because of money. The ex-girlfriend pleased Holden and wanted to make up his brother. Holden felt disgusted and depressed about his brother, who was full of wit, submitted to the lure of money. Noordinary people would like his brother’s ex-girlfriend nor would artists like his brother who worked for money. The whole society was full of materialism. Even the art was filled with the worship of money. Holden’s disgust and frustration showed his contempt of adult world which was mired in materialism. Holden met Sarne at the night of his traveling. He sympathized with Sarne who gave in herself to vice due to the burden of life. Sarne was confused, angry with him, beating him and even ransacking him. She was the image of a social victim. Though, she had accepted the rules of the society where people were only interested in their own interests without caring about others as much as themselves. Holden had sympathy for her. He once again felt the indifference of society and the distortion of human nature. Therefore, every time Holden approached to people, he could not build an effective communication with them. Holden was banished from the world before he refused the world. So he expressed himself in a distorted way. He was cynical, sarcastic, liking lying, speaking nonsense, teasing, and even insulting others. He often felt that he was a terrible liar, a madman, and a fool. After he gained insight of the distortion of the adult world and also his own spiritual distortions, it seemed that escape was the only choice for Holden. However reality let him know that“you will never find a comfortable, quiet pl ace, because there is no place like this”. 4.2 Educational Environment The school where Holden studied had a high reputation in the educational field, which should provide a good education and healthy growth for students. On the contrary, there were a lot of unhealthy social trends. Everyone around Holden was “a hypocrite”. Reading books and learning knowledge were only to “get advanced in the society so that in the future they can buy a goddam Cadillac”. What students did was “talking about women, alcoho l and sex”. Obviously, such school was not an ideal place for Holden. He looked down upon those hypocrites who were senior students and hated those classmates who followed them, which made him unfit to the surroundings. No one could really understand his rebellious character. Andolini is one of the most important figures whom Holden visited after he left school. He used to be Holden’s teacher. Holden considered him as the best teacher he had in his life, and respected his brave and righteous deeds. Therefore, after Holden suffered a series of defeat, he came to Antonelli’s apartment with confidence and imagined to get understanding and consolation. But the teacher who once left him a good impression told his students: “the sign of an immature man is that he is willing to die bravely for hiscause”, and his mark a mature man with difference that he prefers to live humbly for his cause. It was clear that Holden was “immature” in his mind, and he himself was “mature”. From the perspective of the adult world, the advice Antonelli gave to Holden might make sense. But it couldn’t release Holden’s confusion. He was lonely and painful because he didn’t want to live humbly like most people. Even his most respected and trusted teacher educated him to be a person like that. He was very confused, very disappointed, especially when he woke up from his sleep and found that his teacher might be a gay. He then immediately found an excuse and escaped away from Antonelli’s house. All his hopes vanished; what the world gave him was only despair.Chapter Five Conclusion In the novel, the author showed us a subtle, rebellious and quite self-conscious teenager who found his own identity from the external society, however, in which he found him was inconsistent with the society in reverse. In the novel, Holden stood for a revolt to real society, and stood in the opposite position to combat mendacity and smuttiness. He was tired of and even and dismayed about the decadence and fraud. In the process of rebelling the already built life values in the adult society, he recognized the real meaning and significance oflife. As a representative young man, he loved and had a sensitive feeling for the modern world. Meanwhile, he was an adolescent, concatenating these in childhood and adulthood. Therefore, he manifested naivety, sincerity and honesty were needed. In his heart, Childhood was the most wonderful time in his life. What’s more, he desired enter a real Eden at that place all people could pursue naive and genuine life. His willi ng is to become “a catcher in the rye.” Without any doubt, it was a particular noble work for him. Generally speaking, in this novel, Holden was designed as rebellion to the society and dream pursuer at the same time. In a word, through depicting Holden Caulfield’s feeling to the society, the author vividly presented social problems at that time. At the same time, Holden is a typical adolescent of the time in America. No matter in the past or at present, his particular figure brings people to have a deep thought about their life and society. Bibliography Geismar,Maxwell. American Moderns:From Rebellion to Conformity. New York: Hill and Wang, 1998. Hassan, Ihab. Radical Innocence: Studies in the Contemporary Novel. New Jersey: Princeton University, 1997. Salinger, J.D.. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston (Little, Brown and Company edition), 1951. Peter Shaw. New Essays on The Catcher in the Rye.。
《麦田里的守望者》主人公霍尔顿的反叛方式及原因
小说《麦田里的守望者》的主人公霍尔顿是一个不折不扣的“反英雄”式代表。
他厌倦、痛恨成人世界的假恶丑，却无力改变这种现状，于是，他只得选择放纵、堕落、自暴自弃，以“虚伪”和“撒谎”的方式去反抗现实社会的虚伪和“假模假式”，在绝望之余，他选择了逃避现实，皈依自然。
霍尔顿“反英雄”式反叛方式所蕴含的内涵对于当今社会具有深刻的启迪意义1951 年问世的《麦田里的守望者》是杰罗姆·戴维·塞林格一生中最富代表性的一部长篇小说，它虽然只有十几万字，却在美国产生了巨大的影响，被许多文学评论家誉为反叛迂腐与虚伪的“现代经典小说”。
作者通过细腻而深刻的语言，以第一人称叙述形式描绘了一个十六岁少年在离开学校和家庭的三天中，独自闯荡成人世界的心路历程，小说塑造的主人公霍尔顿以其圣洁天真的本能和敏感对成人世界的虚伪、欺诈、堕落、无知、冷漠表现出了极大的反感与反叛，是一个孤独的桀骜不驯的具有强烈鲜明反抗性格的当代美国青年形象，它“几乎大大地影响了好几代美国青年”。
①正如美国文艺评论家大卫·盖洛威所说，“霍尔顿是西方现代社会的代表，同时也是现代社会的批评者”，他所表现出的强烈的反抗情绪更是一个不折不扣的“‘反英雄’的代表”。
[ 1 ]一、霍尔顿的反叛方式( 一) 以“自暴自弃”方式反叛现实社会。
按照传统的世俗观点，主人公霍尔顿其言语谈吐、行为举止、服饰着装都近乎一个十足的“疯子”。
他身穿晴雨两用风衣，头戴一顶红色鸭舌帽，还把鸭舌转到脑后。
他满嘴脏话，全是“他妈的”、“混账”、“杂种”等词语。
他挥金如土、大手大脚，如小说所说，“我在约莫两个混账星期里已经花掉了一个国王的收入”，“一点不假，我天生是个败家子。
有了钱不是花掉，就是丢掉。
有多半时间我甚至都会在饭馆里或夜总会里忘记拿找给我的钱”。
更疯狂的是，十六岁的霍尔顿酗酒抽烟，“一天里约莫抽了整整三条烟”，乃至“有点儿喘不过气来，呼吸短得要命”，他还得一个劲地抽。
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象 的重要特征 内容 。但 同时建立 在正 常环境下 ，即类似 于 《麦 态 度 ：“所 有 人 根 本 就 他 妈 的不 在 乎 赢 球 不 赢 球 ，满 脑 子 都 是 女
田里 的守望者》这种 真实小 说环境下 时 ，“反英 雄”的特征 实际 人 、烈酒 和 性 ！”从 这 句 话 中 我 们 就 能 够 看 出 ，当霍 尔 顿 所 厌 恶
尔顿。在以第一人称 为定 位的小 说形式 中，一般来讲 主人公都 “制裁”这个社会。
会 拥有一个 相对正 面的人 物形象 。但 以霍 尔顿 的人物 背景来
二 、《麦 田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的形象成型状态
看 ，其明显不具有 正面形 象 的特 征。而在 人格 塑造 的定位 中 ，
作 品中的霍尔顿始终都处在一个矛盾 的状 态中 ，他 一边认
彩的。而反英雄虽然也具 有切实的英雄气概 和能力 ，但其往 往 化”的钞票 、美酒 、女人 。他们渴望重塑规则 ，渴望公 平的原则 ，
在成长环境和人格思维 中仍 然保有 一些 比较 “偏 激”和不 同于 但 又拼命利用 各种不 合乎规 则要求 的手段 去打破 规则 。因此
“人世”的内涵 。也 就是 说 ，反英 雄并 不意 味着 绝对 的负 面 人 在霍尔 顿的眼中 ，这个社会已经成 为了“伪君子”的世界 。但截
上 又代 表 着 一 种 平 凡 、公 众 性 、服 从 的 被 动 感 。
物 ，但他们必定会做 出一些不符合正面任务形象的举动。
止 到书中的这一 阶段 ，霍尔顿仍 旧认为 “伪君 子”当道是 因为他
（二 ）“反 英 雄 ”特 征 解 读
人信念不坚定所致 。故霍 尔顿 的“反英雄 ”形象 就是一 种对事
与 完全 的 负 面形 象 不 同 ，反 英 雄 的特 征 定 位 实 际 上 更 加 偏 物 有 着 自主判 断 ，自我 有 着绝 对 原 则 的青 年 人 。
上 的反作用和反含义 内容。在美国文学作 品的长期概 念 中，英 外的大人们 已经不再将追求 “本 真”作为人生的信条 ，相 比于霍
雄是一种集外表和 内在灵魂都 是具 有丰 富正 面特征 与人格 色 尔 顿 心 中所 虚幻 的 “无 所 事 事 ”，外 面 世 界 的人 更 加 喜 欢 “实 体
剖析 ，文 章特 以反 英雄为定 位视角 进行分析 ，旨在从另 一个角 开 自己所梦想的成人世界的钥匙 ，但他 又对眼前所见 的世界有
度更加全面 的剖析霍尔顿 的整体形象 。
着一种不相信 、不 认 同 ，甚 至趋近 于崩溃 的思维 。因此从霍 尔
一 、 “反英雄”形象视角 的概念分析与特征解读
这种 比较偏 离于 正常思 维 的角色 定位 我们 会将 其称 为 “反英 为 大 人 的世 界 的荒 唐 无 稽 的 ，一 边 又 渴 望 成 为 一 个 能够 驾 驭 生
雄 ”。 为 了让 读 者 能够 在更 加 清 晰 的 角度 中 获 取 霍 尔 顿 的 形 象 活 、驾驭 其 他 自己渴 望 之 物 的大 人 。他 明 白大 人 的 身份 就 是 打
湖北 函授 大 学学￣ （２０１８）第 ３１卷第 ９期 总第 ２２３期
反英 雄形 象视角下 《麦 田里 的守望者》中霍尔顿形 象研究
张 建 花
（许 昌职业技术学 院 ，河南许 昌 ４６１０００）
［摘 要］二战之后的一段 时期 内，美国文学作品界逐 渐兴起 了以描 述“反 英雄 ”形 象为主 的文 学作 品。在 “反 英
向于追 随“本真”的行为逻辑 ，也就是说 当反英雄任务形 象 的家
在霍尔顿 的“反英雄 ”思维中 ，既然所处的环境 充满 了不尊
庭 背景存在一定 的遗憾特征时 ，这个人物就 会在其成长 过程 中 重 规 则 和破 骂 的 方 式
雄”形象 中，人物的特征并非是 直接 性的“反面化”，相反 ，多数主人公都会有着对 于正义的渴 求和直接性 的行 动。霍 尔
顿就是具有“反英雄 ”特征 的人 物 ，其在成长过程 中既有 纯真善 良的一 面，也有 着对未知 事物加 以行 动和接 受的一 面。
但 实际上霍 尔顿的角 色定位是否真的具有“英雄”色彩 ，仍旧需要 我们 以反 英雄 为主视 角，对其形象进行 深入研 究。
［关键词 ］反 英雄 形象视 角；《麦田里 的守望者》；霍 尔顿
［中图分类号 ］Ｉ１０６ ［文献标识码 ］Ａ
［文 章 编 号 ］１６７１—５９１８（２０１８）０９—０１８４—０２
ｄｏｉ：１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１６７１—５９１８．２０１８．０９．０８ｔ
［本 刊 网 址 ］ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｈｂｘｂ．ｎｅｔ
顿一开始的矛盾情绪中我们就 能够看 出，霍 尔顿是想要 融入到
（一 ）“反 英雄 ”概 念 分析
这 个 世 界 中的 ，他 想 要 做 自 己 的 主 人 ，他 想 要 打 开 门 就 能看 到
从名称定义上看 ，反英雄 十分 明显 的就是建立 在英雄定 义 自己所期望的 ，与“本 真”可充分融合 的世界氛 围。但实 际上 门
收获一些 比较不正面 的思想 。例如暴 力主义 、焦躁 、情 感麻 木 、 来对待他 自己认 为 自己所厌恶 的状况 。例 如霍 尔顿在对 自身
习惯感情叛逃等人格特征 ，都 有可能成 为代表 “反英雄 ”人物形 所 处 的橄 榄 球 队进 行 评 价 时 ，就 会 直 接 用 “他 妈 的 ”作 为 唯 一 的
引 言
数 “反 英 雄 ”人 格 都 完 全 无 法 真 正 去 改 变这 个 世 界 ，于 是 他 们 就
《麦 田里 的守望者》是一部 以第一人 称作为 主叙述 体 的小 会 变得 更 加 的焦 虑 、焦 躁 、愤 怒 、悲 观 ，从 而 透 过 这 些 日渐 增 强
说 ，而在小说 中的第一人称就是这部小 说总体叙述 的主人公霍 的负面情绪 ，利用 更 加极 端 和非正 面化 的 手段 报复 和所 谓 的