跨文化管理_(双语)报告封面
跨文化管理

跨文化管理百科名片跨文化管理又称为“交叉文化管理(Cross Cultural Management)”,即在全球化经营中,对子公司所在国的文化采取包容的管理方法,在跨文化条件下克服任何异质文化的冲突,并据以创造出企业独特的文化,从而形成卓有成效的管理过程。
目录简介跨文化管理的发展企业进行跨文化管理要树立正确的观念企业跨文化管理的策略选择跨文化管理的有效手段简介跨文化管理的发展企业进行跨文化管理要树立正确的观念企业跨文化管理的策略选择跨文化管理的有效手段展开编辑本段简介跨文化管理又称为“交叉文化管理(Cross Cultural Management)”,即在全球化经营中,对子公司所在国的文化采取包容的管理方法,在跨文化条件下克服任何异质文化的冲突跨文化管理,并据以创造出企业独特的文化,从而形成卓有成效的管理过程。
其目的在于在不同形态的文化氛围中设计出切实可行的组织结构和管理机制,在管理过程中寻找超越文化冲突的企业目标,以维系具有不同文化背景的员工共同的行为准则,从而最大限度地控制和利用企业的潜力与价值。
全球化经营企业只有进行了成功的跨文化管理,才能使企业的经营得以顺利运转,竞争力得以增强,市场占有率得以扩大。
编辑本段跨文化管理的发展跨文化管理并不是一个新的事物,它起源于古老的国际间的商贸往来。
早在古代古埃及人、腓尼基人、古希腊人就开始了海外贸易,并懂得了如何与不同文化背景下的人们做生意。
到了文艺复兴时期,丹麦人、英国人以及其他一些欧洲国家的商人更是建立起了世界范围的商业企业集团。
当他们与自己文化环境以外的人们进行贸资保蔷突岫杂胨遣煌幕尘跋虏挠镅浴⑿叛鲆约跋肮弑3置舾幸员苊夥⑸逋徊⑺忱迪纸灰住U庑┦率瞪暇褪窃诖邮驴缥幕木牍芾砘疃2还馐焙虻目缥幕芾砘疃耆【鲇诖邮旅骋谆疃纳倘嗣堑母鋈司椋泄匚幕拔幕钜煊胂嗨频难芯恳步鼋鍪侨死嘌Ъ业氖隆9居肫笠祷购苌僮⒁舛晕幕捌洳钜斓难芯靠缥幕芾恚不姑挥谐晌幻哦懒⒌目蒲А?跨文化管理跨文化管理真正作为一门科学,是在20世纪70年代后期的美国逐步形成和发展起来的。
第10章 跨文化管理PPT课件

2、日本企业文化的主要内容 ①“和”的观念
日本企业文化强调“和、信、诚”,其内涵 指爱人、仁慈、和谐、互助、合作、忍让. ②终身雇佣(家族、忠诚与归属) ③年功序列工资制(排资论辈) ④集体共同决策(自下而上) ⑤企业工会制度
(三)欧洲模式
(1)企业行为的跨文化变化
研究大体分三类: ①单一文化研究(Single-culture studies) 只孤立分析企业的国别行为特征,忽视共性特征。 ②比较研究(Comparative studies) 分析多国经营的企业之间差异(国家=文化) ③国家与文化分开 重点在于跨国而非跨文化
(2)文化性决定因素(Cultural determinants)
(二)日本模式
1、日本社会文化基本特点(封建主义+资本主义) (1)民族的单一性与社会结构的同质性(集团主义) (2)“文化滞后型”与兼容并蓄性
公元1世纪诞生日本农业。日本呈现“文化滞后型”状 态,通常可采取两种发展方向,一是封闭守旧,抵制先进 文化,二是发扬文化革新精神,兼容并 输入外来文化以 改造自身。日本选择后者。公元前7世纪“大化维新”创 造 了 融 合 大 唐 文 化 的 日 本 封 建 文 体 ; 19 世 纪 “ 明 治 维 新”,复合出一个兼欧美文化的日本式资本主义文化雏形; 战后日本一系列改革,也实现日后经济腾飞创造了良好的 条件。 2、日本的文化突出特征表现在三个方面:
三、国外子公司 的管理
国外子公司管理人员既要保住公司的市场份额,又要设法满足 东道国当地的需求充分利用当地资源以确定世界范围的竞争地位, 除此还须提当三个角色。
• 1、跨文化管理者
既要了解与熟悉东道国当地的文化,又要融合公司文化与东道 国当地文化的作用,即把公司总体目标,战略及价值观念内化为子 公司的生产经营活动的具体目标。
跨文化管理PPT课件教材讲义

Arab Kuwait Saudi Arabia Oman Bahrain U.A.E
Latin America Argentina
Mexico Chile Colombia
Venezuela
Country Clusters
Far Eastern Singapore Malaysia Philippines Thailand Indonesia China Vietnam
France
9
large power distance
– authority is
HK
8
important, greater
centralization of
Singapore
6
power
India
4
Low Power Distance 权力占优势倾向
Adopted from Geert Hofstede, Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Value, Beverky Hills, CA:Sage 1980
26
Japan
22
Japan
22
India
21
Taiwan
19
Culture that
Germany
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
15
Promotes
individualism, France
11
competition
rather than
UK
3
cooperation
USA
1
Individualism 个人主义
Low score prefers
跨文化管理课程大纲(全英文)2

ManagementLecturer: Prof. Dr. Paulo R. Motta Course Language: English1. THE CHALLENGES OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: introducing cultural ideas for improving management actions.Definitions of CultureHow is culture learned?Frameworks for Studying CultureNational cultures and work organizationsRelationships of culture to management behaviorImplications for ManagersBIBLIOGRAPHYTo get acquainted with the theme (read three chapters - choose):THOMAS –chapter 1 ―The Challenging Role of the Global Manager‖THOMAS –chapter 2 ―Describing Culture: What It Is and Where It Comes From‖ THOMAS –chapter 3 ―Comparing Cultures: Systematically Describing Cultural Differences‖THOMAS –chapter 4, ―How Culture Works: Fundamentals of Cross-Cultural Interaction‖MORAN, HARRIS, and MORAN - chapter 1 ―Global Leaders and Cultures‖ MORAN, HARRIS, and MORAN - chapter 2 ―Global Leaders and Communications‖ MORAN, HARRIS, and MORAN - chapter 3 ―Global Leaders in NegotiationsTo pursue furtherBYE, Hege Høivik, SANDA,,Gro Mjeldheim SANDAL, VAN DE VIJVER, Fons J.R., SAM, David Lackland, ÇAKAR, Nigar Demircan and FRANKE, Gabriele Helga (2011), ―Personal Values and Intended Self-Presentation during Job Interviews: A Cross-Cultural Comparison, ―Applied Psychology: An International Review‖,60 (1): 160–182CHEVRIER, Sylvie (2009), ―Is National Culture Stil l Relevant to Management in a Global Context?: The Case of Switzerland‖, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 9: 169-184.D'IRIBARNE, Philippe (2009), ―National Cultures and Organisations in Search of a Theory: An Interpretative Approach‖, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 9: 309-321.TIPTON, Frank B. (2009), ―Modeling National Identities and Cultural Change: The Western European, Japanese, and United States Experiences Compared‖, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 9: 145-168.2. COMMUNICATION AND NEGOTIATION ACROSS CULTURESCross cultural communication differencesSocial contextualizationVerbal and non verbal communicationHow culture influences the negotiation processThe Managers as NegotiatorBIBLIOGRAPHYTo get acquainted with the theme:THOMAS –chapter 6, ―The Manager as Negotiator: Communicating and Negotiating Across Cultures‖MORAN, HARRIS, and MORAN - chapter 2, ―Global Leaders and Communications‖ To pursue furtherCHEN, Chao C./ CHEN, Xiao-Ping (2009), ―Negative externalities of close guanxi within organizations‖, Asian Pacific Journal of Management, 26:37-53. FRIEDMAN, Victor J./ANTAL, Ariane Berthoin (2005), ―Negotiating Reality: A Theory of Action Approach to Intercultural Comp etence‖, Management Learning, 36(1): 69–86.LEONARD, Karen Moustafa/VAN SCOTTER, James R./PAKDIL, Fatma (2009), ―Culture and Communication: Cultural Variations and Media Effectiveness‖, Administration & Society, 41; 850.OHBUCHI, Ken-ichi ATSUMI, Emi.(20100 ―Avoidance Brings Japanese Employees What They Care About in Conflict Management: Its Functionality and ‗‗Good Member Image,‖ Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 3(2): 117–1293. MANAGING DIVERSITY: WORK GROUPS IN DIFFERENT CULTURES AND MULTICULTURAL TEAMSCooperation and competition: cultural conceptsDirecting, leading and consensus buildingGroup and Team in a Cultural PerspectiveDiversity as a management conceptDiversity in different culturesModels of the multicultural organizationHow to manage diversityBIBLIOGRAPHYTo get acquainted with the theme:THOMAS, ―The Challenge of Multicultural Work Groups and Teams‖ – chapter8 HARRIS, MORAN and MORAN, ―Managing Diversity in the Global Work Culture‖ chapter 7FRANCESCO AND GOLD, ―Groups and Teams‖ chapter 7FRANCESCO AND GOLD ―Managing Diversity‖ chapter 13To pursue furtherBOWEN, Sarah (2008), ―Beyond Self-Assessment —Assessing Organizational Cultural Responsive-ness‖, Journal of Cultural Diversity, (15), 1.KALLINY, Morris/CRU THIRDS, Kevin W./MINOR, Michael S. (2006), ―Differences between American, Egyptian and Lebanese Humor Styles: Implications for International Management‖, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 6; 121-134.MURDOCH, Anna (2006), ―Diversity And Complementarity Of Cultures As Principles Of Universal Civilization‖, Dialogue and Universalism, No. 5-6: 117- 128.VALLASTE, Christine (2005), ―Cultural Diversity and Its Impact on Social Interactive Processes Implications from an Empirical Study‖, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 5; 139-163.ZIMMERMANN, Angelika, (2011) ―Interpersonal relationships in transnational, virtual teams: Towards a configurational perspective‖. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13: 59–784. LEADERSHIP ACROSS CULTURESThe cultural context and leadership practiceBeliefs and attitudes about leadersCultural variations in leadership concepts and practicesManager‘s leadership roles by culturesBIBLIOGRAPHYTo get acquainted with the themeTHOMAS - chapter 7 ―The manager as a leader: The Leadership Role Across Cultures‖MORAN, HARRIS, and MORAN - chapter 4 ―Global Leaders and the Changing Knowledge Culture‖JAVIDON, Mansur/DORFMAN, Peter W./HOWELL, Jon Paul/HANGES, Paul J (2010), ―Leadership and C ultural Context: A Theoretical and Empirical Examination Based on Project GLOBE‖, in NOHRIA, Nitin/KHURANA, Ralesh, Handbook of Leadership Theory and Practice, Boston: Harvard Business Press.To pursue furtherBOLDEN, Richard/KIRK, Philip (2009), ―Afri can Leadership: Surfacing New Understandings through Leadership Development‖, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 9: 69-86.DORFMAN, Peter/HOUSE, Robert (2004), ―Cultural Influences on Organizational Leadership‖ in HOUSE, Robert J./HANGES, Paul J./JAVIDAN, Mansour/DORFMAN, Peter W./GUPTA, Vipin (edi-tors), Culture, Leadership and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks: Sage.PRIME, Jeanine/JONSEN, Karsten/CARTER, Nancy/MAZNEVSKI, Martha L. (2008), ―Managers' Perceptions of Women and Men Leaders: A Cross Cultural Comparison‖, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 8: 171-210.VAN EMMERIK, IJ. Hetty/EUWEMA, Martin C./WENDT, Hein (2008), ―Leadership Behaviors around the World: The Relative Importance of Gender versus Cultural Background‖, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 8: 297-315.5. ETHICS IN INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENTEthics in international management decisionsHow attitudes toward ethics vary with the cultureUniversal versus culturally contingentRelativism and beliefs about values and corruptionacquainted with the theme:BIBLIOGRAPHYTo get acquainted with the theme:LANE, DISTEFANO, MAZNEVSKY and DIETZ - chapter 8 ―Competing with Integrity in Global Busi-ness‖PHATAK. BHAGAT and KASHLAK - chapter 14, ―Ethics and Social Responsibility for International Firms‖To pursue furtherBULLER, Paul F./KOHLS, John J./ANDERSON, Kenneth S. (2003), ―When Ethics Collide: Managing Conflicts Across Cultures‖, in THOMAS, David, Readings a nd Cases in International Management, Thousand Oaks: Sage.CULLEN, John B./PARBOTEEAH, K. Praven/HOEGL, Martin (2004), ―Cross- National Differences in Managers‘ Willingness to Justify Ethically Suspect Behaviors: A Test of Institutional Anomie Theory‖, Academy of Management Journal, 47 (3): 411-421.DUSSEL, Enrique/IBARRA-COLADO, Eduardo (2006), Globalization, Organization and the Ethics of Liberation, Organization, 13(4) 489–508.PALAZZO, Bettina (2002), ―A U.S. –American and German Business Ethics: An Intercultural Comparison‖, Journal of Business Ethics, 41: 195-216. PARBOTEEAH, K. Praveen (2005), ―Does National Culture Affect Willingness to Justify Ethically Suspect Behaviors? A Focus on the GLOBE National Culture Scheme‖, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 5(2): 123–138. TURCOTTE, Marie-France/MACLEAN, Joan/AGUILERA, Gustavo Munoz/RAVLIN, Eliza-beth/TIESSEN, James H./BESS, Dave/MACNAB, Brent/BRISLIN, Richard, Worthley, Reg/GALPERIN, Bella L./JENNER, Steve/LITUCHY, Terri R. (2007), ―Culture and Ethics Management: Whistle-blowing and Internal Reporting within a NAFTA Country Context‖, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 7: 5-28.WATSON, Sharin/WEAVER, Gary (2003), ―How internationalization affects corporate ethics: fo rmal structures and informal management behavior‖, Journal of International Management, 9: 75-93.6. STRATEGY, STRUCTURE AND DECISION MAKING ON A CROSS CULTURAL PERSPECTIVEHow attitudes toward the future affect planningThe strategic value of cultural differencesExamples of strategic dimensions across culturesCross cultural dimensions of decision makingCultural perspectives on problems and opportunitiesCultural and non cultural constraints on rationalityBIBLIOGRAPHYTo get acquainted with the themeLANE, DISTEFANO, MAZNEVSKY and DIETZ - chapter 5 ―Executing Global Strategy‖THOMAS –chapter 5, ―The Manager as Decision Maker: Cross Cultural Dimensions of Decision Making‖THOMAS –chapter 9, ―The Challenge of International Organizations‖To pursue furtherCARR, Chris (2005), ―Are German, Japanese and Anglo-Saxon Strategic Decision Styles Still Diver-gent in the Context of Globalization?‖, Journal of Management Studies, 42(6): 1155-1188.CHIANG, Flora F. T. and BIRTCH, Thomas A. (2010) ―Appraising Performance across Borders: An Empirical Examination of the Purposes and Practices of Performance Appraisal in a Multi-Country Context.‖ Journal of Management Studies 47 (7): 1365- 1393LEONG, Joyce L.T./BOND, Michael Harris/PING FU, Ping (2006), ―Perceived Effectiveness of Influ-ence Strategies in the United States and Three Chinese Societies‖, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, Vol. 6(1): 101–120. NOORDERHAVEN, Niels G./BENDERS, Jos/KEIZER, Arjan B. (2007), ―Comprehensivene ss versus Pragmatism: Consensus at the Japanese–Dutch Interface‖, Journal of Management Studies, 44(8): 1349-1370.TYLER, Beverly B./GNYAWALI, Devi R. (2009), ―Managerial Collective Cognitions: An Examination of Similarities and Differences of Cultural Or ientations‖, Journal of Management Studies, 46(1): 93-126.VANCE, Charles M. (2006), ―Strategic Upstream and Downstream Considerations for Effective Global Performance Management‖, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, Vol. 6(1): 37–56.7. INTERCULTURAL RESEARCH and TRANSFERENCE OF MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGEEvaluating cross-cultural management studiesTransference of management knowledge and practicesCultural obstacles for applying management knowledge cross culturally Multinational management orientationBIBLIOGRAPHYTo get acquainted with the theme:THOMAS - chapter 11, ―The Challenge of Managing Across Cultures in the Future‖ HARRIS, MORAN and MORAN - chapter 5, ―Global Leaders Learn from other Management Systems‖To pursue furtherFISCHER, Ronald (2009), ―Where Is Culture in Cross Cultural Research?: An Outline of a Multilevel Research Process for Measuring Culture as a Shared Meaning System“, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 9: 25-49. GERHART, Barry (2008), ―Cross Cultural Management Research: Assumptions, Evidence, and Suggested Directions―, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 8: 259-274.NELSON Reed E./GOPALAN, Suresh (2003), ―Do Organizational Cultures Replicate National Cultures? Isomorphism, Rejection and Reciprocal Opposition in the Corporate Values of Three Countries‖, Organization Studies, 24(7): 1115–1151. PRIMECZ, Henriett/ROMANI, Laurence/SACKMANN, Sonja A. (2009), ―Cross-Cultural Management Research: Contributions from Various Paradigms“, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 9; 267-274.TAKEUCHI, Riki/TESLUK, Paul E./YUN, Seokhwa/LEPAK, David (2005), ―An Integrative View of International Experience‖, Academy of Management Journal, 48(1): 85–100.TARIQUE, Ibraiz and CALIGIURI, Paula, (2009) ―The role of cross-cultural absorptive capacity in the effectiveness of in-country cross-cultural training‖ International, Journal of Training and Development, 13(3): 148-164VAARA, Eero, SARALA, Riikka, STAHL, Guenter and BJÖRKMAN, Ingmar, (2010), ―The Impact of Organizational and National Cultural Differences on Social Conflict and Knowledge Transfer in International Acquisitions‖ Journal of Management Studies,:1.27YEGANEH, Hamid/ZHAN, Su (2006), ―Conceptual Foundations of C ultural Management Research‖, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 6(3): 361–376.REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READINGS:ADLER, Nancy. 1997. International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior. Cincinnati: South Western College.AXTELL, Roger, 1998, Gestures : The Do's and Taboos of Body Language Around the World. New York: John Wiley.AXTELL, Roger, et alli. 1997. Do's and Taboos Around the World for Women in Business. New York: John Wiley.BERGER, Peter L. e HUNTINGTON, Samuel P. 2002. editors, Many Globalizations: Cultural Diversity in the Contemporary World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. BOSROCK, Mary Murray. European Business: Customs & Manners. New York: Meadwbrook Press, 2006.CHANEY, Lilian H. and MARTIN, Jeanette S. Intercultural Business Communication. Upper Saddle River, Pearson, 2007.CHONG, Nilda and BAEZ, Francia, Latino Culture. Yarmouth, ME, Intercultural Press, 2005.COX, Taylor. 2001. Creating the Multicultural Organization. San Francisco, Jossey Bass.CULLEN, John B and PARBOETEEAH, K. Praveen. 2005. Multinational Management, A Strategic Approach. Mason, South Western.CYR, Donald, 2002. The Art of Global Thinking. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press.ELASHMAWI, Farid e HARRIS, Philip. 1998, Multicultural Management 2000 : Essential Cultural Insights for Global Business Success.Houston: Gulf Publishing Co.FERRARO, Gary 2001. The Cultural Dimension of International Business. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.FOSTER, Dean Allen. 2000. The Global Etiquette Guide to Asia. New York: John Wiley.FOSTER, Dean Allen. 2000. The Global Etiquette Guide to Europe : Everything You Need to Know for Business and Travel Success. New York: John Wiley. FRANCESCO, Anne Marie e GOLD, Barry. 1997. International Organizational Behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.GRANROSE, Cherlyn S. e OSKAMP, Stuart. 1997. (editors) Cross-Cultural Work Groups. Thousand Oaks: Sage.HARRIS, Philip, MORAN, Robert, MORAN, Sarah and SOCCORSY, Judith. 2004 (editorial coordinators) Managing Cultural Differences: global leadership strategies for the 21st century. Elsevier.HARRISON, Lawrence E. e HUNTINGTON, Samuel P. 2000 editors, Culture Matters: How values shape human progress. New York: Basic Books.HOECLIN, Lisa. 1995. Managing Cultural Differences: strategies for competitive advantage. Workingham,UK: Addison-Wesley. 1995HOFSTEDE, Geert, and HOFSTEDE, Gert Jan. 2005 Cultures and Organizations: software of the mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.HOFSTEDE, Geert, Culture’s Consequences: Internat ional Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1980.HOPKINS, Bryan 2009. Cultural Differences and Improving Performance. Farham. Gower.HOUSE, Robert J. (Editor), and Mansour Javidan, Paul J. Hanges, Vipin Gupta, Peter W. Dorfman. 2004 Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks.LANE, Henry W, DISTEFANO, Joseph J., MAZNEVSKY, Martha L. 2003. Management Behavior: Text, Readings and Cases. London: Blackwell.LAROCHE, Lionel. 2003. Managing Cultural Diversity in Technical Professions. Woburn Ma: Elsevier Science, 2003.McCALL, Morgan e HOLLENBECK, George. 2002. Developing Global Executives, Boston: HBS Press.MOLE, John. 1995.Mind Your Manners: Managing Business Cultures in Europe. Londres, Nicholas Brealey.MORAN, Robert, HARRIS, Philip, and, MORAN, Sarah. 2011 Managing cultural differences: Global Leadership Strategies for Cross-Cultural Business Succes s.ElsevierMORRISON, Terri, et alli, 1994. Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands: How to Do Business in 60 Countries Holbrook: Adams Media.PETERSON, Brooks, 2004, Cultural Intelligence. Yarmouth:Intercultural Press.PUNNETT, Betty Jane. 2004. International Perspectives on Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management. Armonk, NY: Me Sharpe.SABATH, Ann Marie. 2000. International Business Etiquette, Latin America: What You Need to Know to Conduct Business Abroad with Charm and Savvy. Franklin Lanes, NJ: Career PressSCARBOROUGH, Jack. 2001. The Origins of Cultural Differences and Their Impact on Management. Westport: Quorum Books.SHWEDER, Richard A. 1991. Thinking Through Cultures: Expeditions in Cultural Psychology. Cambridge: Harvard University PressSIMONS, George F. 2002. Euro Diversity. Woburn Ma: Elsevier Science.SORTY, Craig. 2004. American at Work: A Guide to the Can-Do People. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.THOMAS, David, 2002. Essentials of International Management: A Cross Cultural Perspective. Thousand Oaks: Sage.TROPENAARS, Fons and HAMPDEN-TURNER. 1998. Charles. Riding the Waves of Culture. London: Nicholas Brealey.WALLACE, Joel e METCALF, Gale. 1995. Working with Americans: a practical guide for Asians on how to succeed with US managers. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.PROPOSED SCHEDULE (Preliminary)。
跨文化管理期末报告

跨文化管理期末报告(2012-2013-2)(一) Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions1 Hofstede’s Five Dimensions :Power DistanceUncertainty AvoidanceIndividualism vs. CollectivismMasculinity vs. FemininityLong vs. Short-term Orientation1.1 The power distance dimension has to do with inequality in a society.In a high power distance environment there would be greater tolerance for, and expectation of, inequality in prestige, wealth and power.High Power Distance Low Power Distance威权 / 集权社会弱权 / 微权社会核心价值: 尊崇地位核心价值: 人人平等核心区别: 强权/依附核心区别: 对事/人负责关键元素: 集权关键元素: 分权1.2 Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI)The uncertainty avoidance focuses on uncertainty at the organizational level looking at the use of rules, strategies and institutions to reduce exposure to an unsure future.Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty Tolerance确定性 / 排斥不明确 / 兼容核心价值: 明确核心价值: 摸索、探寻核心区别: 对/错核心区别: 紧急与否关键元素: 存在偏差是危险的关键元素: 差异带来好奇1.3 Individualism (IDV)--- Individualism vs. CollectivismThis dimension has to do with the relationship the individual has with the group and more generally with society. The nature of this relationship determines not only how people think about themselvesand their immediate group but the structure and functioning of many institutions aside from the family.Individualism(个人主义) Collectivism(集体主义)核心价值: 个体独立和自由核心价值: 团队的和谐核心区别: 自我/他人核心区别: 融入/脱离团体关键元素: 在交流中强调观点鲜明关键元素: 关系比任务更重要Comparing Individualism with Collectivism个人(Individualism) 集体(Collectivism)强调个性及个人权利强调个体之间紧密的在社会中是最重要的。
跨文化管理理论课件

在跨文化管理中,协商指的是在不同文化之间就某个问题进 行协商和达成共识的过程。这种协商需要考虑到不同文化的 利益和需求。
跨文化领导力与团队建设
跨文化领导力
在跨文化管理中,跨文化领导力指的是领导者在不同文化之间进行管理和领导的 能力。这种能力包括对不同文化的认知和理解、适应不同环境的能力等。
团队建设
拓展。
迪士尼乐园的跨文化团队建设
迪士尼乐园概况
迪士尼乐园作为全球知名的主题公园 品牌,以其童话故事和卡通形象著称 。
跨文化团队组成
迪士尼乐园的团队由来自不同国家和 地区的人员组成,具备不同的文化背 景和工作经验。
跨文化培训
迪士尼乐园注重员工的跨文化培训, 包括文化意识和敏感性培训,以及语 言和沟通技巧培训。
评估文化影响
评估特定文化背景对组织 成员的行为和决策的影响 ,以及可能存在的文化冲 突和误解。
制定文化策略
根据诊断和评估结果,制 定适合特定组织或项目的 跨文化管理策略。
文化适应培训与辅导
提高文化意识
通过培训和教育,帮助组 织成员了解和理解不同文 化的特征和差异,提高他 们的文化意识和敏感性。
促进文化交流
文化适应
在跨文化管理中,文化适应指的是对 不同文化的认知和理解,以及在实践 中逐渐适应不同文化的过程。
文化融合
在跨文化管理中,文化融合指的是将 不同文化有机地结合在一起,形成一 个新的、独特的文化体系的过程。这 种融合可以带来创新和竞争优势。
跨文化沟通与协商
跨文化沟通
在跨文化管理中,跨文化沟通指的是在不同文化之间进行的 交流和沟通。这种沟通可能涉及到语言、价值观、信仰等方 面的差异。
促进文化交流与融合
跨文化管理有助于不同文化之间的交流与融合, 增进相互理解和合作,促进企业的发展和文化的 多元化。
跨国公司跨文化管理页PPT文档

2019年5月,约500名示威者分别在印度 首都新德里、最大的商业城市孟买的几家麦 当劳餐厅前举行抗议活动。示威者包围了麦 当劳设在新德里的总部,向麦当劳餐厅投掷 牛粪块,并洗劫了孟买一家麦当劳连锁店。 他们还要求瓦杰帕伊总理下令关闭印度国内 所有的麦当劳连锁店。
这件事的起因是麦当劳制作炸薯条的食 用油中含有牛肉调味成分,而大多数印度教 徒都把牛看成圣物。一个月后,美国麦当劳 公司宣布将向印度教徒、素食主义者和其他 一些相关组织赔偿1000万美元。这次事件不 仅造成麦当劳经济上的损失,更严重影响了 公司的声誉。
G:10天吧。
—— A:他缺乏估计时间的能力。10天根本不够。 —— G:我说的10天可不是准确数啊!
A:用15天吧。你同意在15天内完成这份报告吗?
—— A:我提出一份合同。 —— G:这是给我的指令。
美国人和希腊人的对话 (二)
A:你的报告呢? G:明天完成。 A:你可是同意今天完成报告的。
希腊人递交了辞职书。
“麦当劳”吸取前人教训,从其他方面入手。他 们规定,在日本的“麦当劳”店,禁止装饰美国国旗 和地图,店名也用日文书写。此外,“麦当劳”还根 据日本人的喜好,对面包的厚度、烘烤时间和温度进 行了科学研究,甚至根据日本人的身高也研究了柜台 的高度。因此,“麦当劳”在日本深深地站住了脚。
(3)价值观
价值观是人们日常生活的知识和经 验在头脑中积淀并形成的有关事物重要 性、有用性的总评价和总看法。
(2)霍夫斯泰德的定义
文化是同一组织成员或者同 一种区划下的人群的“共同心理 程序”。
(3)我们的定义
文化指受到物质和环境条件影 响的特定群体的共同价值观念和 行为准则体系。
2、文化的特征
(1)民族性 (2)传统性 (3)内在一致性
跨文化管理课程大纲(全英文)3

Ramon Llull University, IQS School of Management - BarcelonaCatholic University of the Sacred Heart - MilanForum-Nexus ProgramUndergraduate DivisionCourse SyllabusMGT 389 -02Cross-Cultural Management:European, U.S, and Global PerspectivesIntroductionIn an increasingly globalized and flat world, the ability of companies and individuals to be effective internationally has become a key ingredient for commercial and personal success. Set in the highly multicultural environment of the European Union, this course will develop the students’ cross-cultural skills and offer a hands-on learning experience that will greatly benefit them personally and professionally.Course DescriptionThe course introduces a way of thinking that will enable participants to function effectively in any culture, and in particular acquire experience dealing with the numerous cultural differences among European countries. It presents essential concepts of national and global culture and examines key differences in communication, facilitating the correct interpretation of a wide variety of cross-cultural situations and laying the foundation for necessary behavioral adaptations. Other important topics include working effectively in multi-cultural teams, cross-cultural negotiations and international careers. The course puts a strong emphasis on practical applications in real world business and professional situations. This practical dimension will be enhanced through exercises, cases, workshops and visits to leading European companies and organizations. Each visit will expose the participants to different aspects of the class and will highlight the practical relevance of the concepts learned.Course ObjectivesUpon the successful completion of this course students will be able to:1.Exhibit a high degree of cultural intelligence2.Acquire a sharper understand of their own culture and how it impacts their behavior in a multiculturalsetting3.Interpret behavior, attitudes and communication styles of people from different cultures correctly4.Become familiarized with the key cultural characteristics of the main countries in the European Unionand the most crucial differences among theme a repertoire of behavioral skills appropriate for different intercultural situations6.Deal with ambiguity in an ever-changing and unpredictable context that results from the globalizationof business and people7.Exhibit a high degree of effectiveness when working in culturally diverse groups8.Acquire a higher level of International IQCourse RequirementsThe course requires active student participation. Students are expected to read the assigned textbook chapters, cases and articles before every class. Punctual attendance is required. There will be a midterm exam, a final exam, case studies, and a team project. Each student is required to participate in a minimum of four professional visits.Teaching Procedures and MethodologyTeaching methods used in this course include lectures, case discussions, group assignments, and professional visits. Learning in this course requires the student’s constructive participation and active involvement in both class discussions and small group discussions. Small group discussions, in particular, are a key mechanism for facilitating learning from other team members. Thus, it is essential to attend all group activities inside and outside classes. The corporate visits will expose the participants to different aspects of the class and will highlight the practical relevance of the concepts learned. The visits will be accompanied by individual or group assignments.Required Textbooks1.“Cultural Intelligence: Living and Working Globally”, by David Thomas and Kerr Inkson, Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 20092.“Kiss, Bow or Shake Hands, Sales and Marketing”, by Terri Morrison and Wayne A. Conaway,McGraw-Hill, 2011Supplementary Readings•“Yogurt Culture Wars ” by Duane Stanford and Mathew Boyle, Bloomberg Business Week, October 25, 2010•“Cultural Intelligence” by Elisabeth Plum, Cultural Intelligence Blog, March 16, 2009•"Five Global Leadership Forces”, by Marshall Goldsmith, Bloomberg Business Week, October 13, 2009 •“Managing Differences: The Central Challenge of Global Strategy”, by Pankaj Ghemawat, Harvard Business Review, March 2007•"An Intercontinental Start-up Across 16 Time Zones” by Jessica Stillman, Bloomberg Business Week, January 5, 2012•"Facial Expressions Not Universally Understood”. By Robert Preidt, Executive Health, August 13, 2009 •“Short-term Overseas Assignments”, by Bronwyn Fryer, Harvard Business Online, July 21, 2009Team ProjectWorking in multi-cultural teams, students will develop a training manual for U.S. managers who are about to be sent as expatriates to one of the countries visited in the program. Each team will take on the role of consultants and coaches in cross-cultural management that have been asked advice to coach and train the high-potential executives about to be sent abroad. The manual will have two parts:The first part consists of an informative section that provides the executive with a broad cross-cultural understanding of key cultural issues, differences and similarities between their home country and the target country.The second part consists of a practical training session, in which these managers are taught in a 2- hour session practical exercises on cross-cultural management know-how, concepts and skills. The team elaborates the outline for this training session, including practical exercises that will help the executives become effective managers in their assigned country.The project report should be between 8 and 10 pages in length, including a description of the proposed practical training sessions and exercises in part 2. (Font: Arial, 12; Line Spacing: 1.5).Useful Websites1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Components of Final GradeMidterm exam 20%Final exam 20%Team project 20%International IQ exams 20%Assignments 10%Class participation 10%Grading Scale93-100 % A90-92.9 % A-87-89.9 % B+83-86.9 % B80-82.9 % B-77-79.9 % C+73-76.9 % C70-72.9% C-67-69.9 % D+63-66.9 % D60-62.9 % D-Below 60 % FCourse OutlineModule 1•Introduction to cross-cultural communication•The globalization of business and people in the 21st century•Understanding culture and cultural differences•Components of cultural intelligence•Key cultural values and concepts•How culture affects behavior•Switching off cultural cruise control•Class Discussion: Examining our cultures, norms and behaviors• Cultural differences within Europe• Cultural differences between Europe and other countries• Focus: Cultural characteristics of Spain and France• Workshop: Practical scenarios, analysis and solutionsModule 2• Developing cultural intelligence: Stages, process and supporting activities• National and global cultures explored• Decision-making models across cultures• Goals, motivation and ethics in decision-making• Cross-cultural communication failures• The cross-cultural communication process• Verbal language, codes and conventions• Non-verbal communication• Negotiating styles in Europe, Latin America and Asia• Focus: Cultural characteristics of Italy and Switzerland• Women crossing cultures: Gender bias and success stories• Case Study: Effective communication across borders• Midterm ExamModule 3• Raising your cultural intelligence: knowledge, mindfulness and behavior• Leadership across cultures: styles, expectations and examples• Culturally intelligent leadership• Working in multi-cultural teams: concepts, processes and performance• Culturally intelligent team management: skills and strategies• Creating cultural competence: the international experience• Workshop: Negotiations and team management training• Focus: Cultural characteristics of the US, Japan, Brazil and MexicoModule 4• Toolbox for understanding and solving ethical dilemmas of international executives• Managing international careers: challenges and opportunities for the 21st century• Putting it all together: knowledge, mindfulness and behavioral skills• Workshop: Individual cross-cultural management skills inventory and scorecards• Focus: Cultural characteristics of Greece• Team projects: findings and discussion• Case study: becoming a global managerFinal ExamSchedule of Classes and Professional VisitsThe detailed schedule of classes and professional visits for each session will be available online at /schedulesPlease note that this course will be offered as a Section 2 class.Academic IntegrityThe Ramon Llull University and the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart place a high value on the integrity, good conduct and academic honesty of all students. Students are expected to maintain highstandards of academic integrity at all times. Any instance of academic dishonesty, including plagiarism, will result in a grade of F for the course.。
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1、案例分析:走向地狱之路案例思考题(1) 贝克和雷诺斯之间的隔膜究竟是什么?为什么会有这层隔膜?(2) 贝克与雷诺斯的谈话是否有效?贝克犯了什么样的错误?(3) 雷诺斯的信的容可能是什么?(4) 如果是辞职信,什么可能是最直接影响该决定的主导因素?(5) 如果你是贝克,你会怎么处理?(1)We can know according to the passage, the communication barriers between Reynolds and Beck are mainly cultural barriers and that they don’t trust each other.从文章可知,雷诺斯和贝克之间的隔膜主要是文化障碍,并且他们没有建立对彼此的信任文章中,贝克和雷诺斯存在着种族和文化方面的差异,贝克和雷诺斯两个是不同国家的人,一个是英国人,一个是巴拉加尼亚,他们虽然彼此相互交流过,却未能真正的了解对方的文化,对彼此的文化不能深入的欣赏。
而且贝克相信自己有天赋,可以解决一切沟通上的问题,十分自负,雷诺斯也是,对别的种族有观念上的不认同,造成了他们之间的隔膜。
(2)Their conversation was invalid because of power distance.他们的谈话无效,因为他们之间的权力距离。
雷诺斯是贝克的继任者,也就是雷诺斯现在是贝克的上司,而贝克的谈话带着一种强烈的征服感去的,这样让雷诺斯在整个谈话过程中都处于弱势地位,不能真正的说出自己的想法,只是一味的是贝克的理所当然的认为。
贝克一直在否定雷诺斯的种族观,这就让雷诺斯感到尴尬和不适。
雷诺斯的沉默和肢体语言,并未引起贝克的关注,这是他们之间的信任几乎不存在。
此外他们之间的文化差异,也造成了权力距离,公司里欧洲文化占据上风,这就让巴拉加尼亚文化的雷诺斯处于下风。
总之,他们之间的权力距离造成了现在的状况,让雷诺斯和贝克之间的谈话只能以失败而告终。
(3)Resignation letter雷诺斯的辞职信前一天的贝克的与其谈话的失败,让雷诺斯选择辞职。
可能容是控诉雷诺斯对其文化的不尊重,对这样的文化环境感到不能忍受,继续下去也是不能被别人所认同,而且对雷诺斯的谈话态度感到不满,根本不去听从自己的解释和意见,觉得自己不能胜任这样的一份工作。
(4)Perhaps because their cultural barriers , power distance and racial attitudes.可能由于他们的文化障碍,全力距离,种族观念的不同造成的。
贝克的谈话使得雷诺斯感到受到文化上的侮辱,他热爱着自己国家的文化,所以他忍受不了这样的对待,而且贝克作为白人天生的优越感,以及自负的性格,都不是雷诺斯所能认同的。
贝克的高姿态谈话不能让雷诺斯接受其建议,反而更强化了他们之间的种族观念,他反对贝克的种族歧视。
(5)He should communicate with Reynolds actively and respect Reynold’s culture.他应该积极地和雷诺斯进行沟通与交流,并且尊重雷诺斯的文化。
如果说递交的真的是辞职信,贝克应该立即找到雷诺斯,并向雷诺斯道歉,说明自己的错误,并且尊重雷诺斯的文化,让自己与o雷诺斯处在一个平等的位置上,赢得雷诺斯的信任,真诚的对待雷诺斯的文化。
贝克欣赏雷诺斯,就要留下他,所以要多去了解雷诺斯的巴拉加尼亚文化,而不是处处以自己的白人文化为中心,让雷诺斯真正的敞开心扉,相互了解,克服他们之间的障碍,消除他们之间的隔膜,让雷诺斯心甘情愿的留下来,为公司工作。
2.经过跨文化商业谈判案例的讨论,请每个同学结合跨文化理论谈一谈在商业谈判实践过程中的文化差异、由文化差异所带来的谈判障碍以及对模拟谈判后的个体感受。
(2000字)周四进行我们模拟进行了跨文化的谈判,是Alpha公司和Beta公司关于机器人合作的谈判,Alpha公司是一家大型的多样化电器公司,总部在Alpha国家,是数控设备的祖尧供应商,计划称为“未来公司”的领头羊,现在一直在兼并其他公司,公司规模越做越大。
Beta公司是Beta国一家主要的电气设备制造商,公司一直是由科学家经营,并且是Beta国一调查结果为导向的企业,公司目标是今后几年成为全球最大的机器人制造商。
现两公司进行谈判,我们扮演的是Alpha公司,与扮演Beta公司的同学进行了激烈的讨论。
谈判过程中,我们感受到两个公司的跨文化的差异的地方。
Verbal communication styles mainly including indirect and direct styles两个公司的语言风格有很大的差异,主要包括直接和间接的风格。
Alpha公司的主要风格是直接,会在谈判过程中很直率的提出自己的意见,不拐弯抹角,愿意共享信息,也希望对方能够将信息共享,像在谈论第一个问题时,A公司会直接的说出自己想要的目标台数8台,当然底线不能透。
而Beta公司完全不一样,他们喜欢谈话迂回,喜欢通过一个演讲作为谈判的开场,介绍公司概况,以及对未来合作的展望,他们开始讲了跟谈判问题无关紧要的东西,只是为了强调他们的重要的地位,他们重视听到的信息,却不愿意提供自己已有的信息。
The interpretation of communications, different countries have different languages, if the interpretation is wrong, the negotiation will be affected.在谈判过程中语言和翻译都很重要,翻译就是讲发言者的想法传递给倾听者,如果中间发生加工错误,有效的谈判将不复存在,这对双方的影响是十分重大的。
因为我们课堂是模拟谈判,而且我们两方都是同一国家的人,所以在谈判过程中我们没有遇到语言不通的事情和翻译的尴尬,但是在实际案例中,Alpha 和Beta公司分属两个不同的国家,所以在共同和交流上必然会遇到语言上的障碍,即使是同一种语言,也有可能因为风俗的不同,而造成语境的不一样,这就需要翻译的正确传达,由此可见翻译的重要性就不言而喻了。
Nonverbal communication, which is the transfer of meaning through means such as body language and physical space.Beta公司注重礼节,注重等级分化,注重地位,见面鞠躬问候,而不是握手,他们只用姓,在谈判过程中,他们坐身挺直,而眼睛朝下。
比较沉默,不喜欢进攻性较强的性格。
而Alpha公司肢体语言比较丰富,在谈判过程中,善于用肢体语言表达自己的情绪,以握手作为见面的方式,放松而自然,进攻性比较强,他们十分的自信,喜欢主动。
甚至会用威胁的手段来达成他们的目的。
Two companies’ attitudes toward time and environment.1.Individualism and communitarianism.经过激烈的谈判过后,我们可以清晰地感受到两个公司的不同价值观念,主要。
是个人主义和集体主义。
我们扮演的Alpha公司主要是强烈的个人主义,他们的文化是平等主义至上,因此他们很少注意礼节,他们认为礼节既傲慢又华而不实,随和有自然的性格特征,十分的好相处。
然而Beta公司却是典型的集体主义,他们主要以团队形式工作,在谈判过程中,他们首先确定整体的利益和优先权,他们也会决定开场又谁来决定,我们的对组就是这样的表现,一个一个的述问题,而我们则是平等对待,谁有想法谁就可以说。
在谈判中,在谈判中这样的差异十分的显著。
2.Neutral and emotional在谈判中,除了强烈的个人主义和集体主义,还有中性文化和情绪化文化。
然而从前面的几条中的对比与分析中,我们不难看出具有情绪化的特征的公司一定是Alpha公司,他们的直率,个人主义,都离不开情绪化的性格。
这是一个感情丰富的民族,他们通过脸上的表情和肢体语言来表达他们的快乐与友好,他们也会表现出失望和急躁,一切都是那么的明了。
但是,除了亲密的朋友之间,真正的生气是不会表现出来的。
而Beta则比较冷淡,注重自我克制,因为他们国家的教育使然,他们从不将心的想法,急躁还是愉悦的情绪表现在脸上,这使得对方摸不着他们的情绪,谈判中会占的一份优势。
3.Time除了前面说的文化唯独,还有时间。
Alpha虽然很随和且情绪化,然而公司却是在一个重时间观念的国家,他们认为时间就是金钱,他们不愿意浪费一点时间,相当的没有耐心,当谈判减慢下来,他们会变得十分的不耐烦,当发现对方在拖延时间,他们就会质疑对方的诚意。
而Beta公司似乎在时间方面不是特别的急躁,特别有耐心,他们耐心是他们国家的美好品德,认为比较中规中矩的进行一切谈判过程,更重细节与过程的发展,是一个慎重的民族。
There are some communications barriers between two countries.nguage barriers就像前面分析的翻译问题,就会造成语言障碍。
两个公司或许会因为语言沟通的问题会导致谈判的破裂,所以,在这种跨文化的国际谈判中,需要精通几种语言人才的帮助,谈判会更顺利,较少语言造成的困扰。
2.Cultural barriers文化的障碍是跨文化谈判中的主要问题,像Alpha公司和Beta公司有完全不同的文化氛围。
A公司注重个人,不重礼节,随意且具有平等主义,感情丰富善于表达,会为自己的立场而争辩。
而B公司则会十分的看重等级地位,待人礼节周到,主要是集体主义,有先后之分,不喜欢进攻性强的对手,比较被动。
这些都造成了文化上的障碍,他们的谈判中就会有很多不一致的地方,沟通上就会有争议的方面。
这一次的两公司的跨文化谈判,让我深切的感受到文化的魅力,跨文化的独特之处。
跨文化当然就是不同的文化,在整个谈判事件中,我们需要做好充分的准备。
首先我们要做好计划,计划要包括方方面面,了解对方的文化,对方的习俗,对方的性格,以便在谈判的时候能够给予对方充分的尊重,并且摸清对方的可能会做出的选择,选择做的越多越好,谈判的成功率会越高。
然后在谈判的过程中,创造良好的谈判环境,让彼此在舒适的环境中进行这愉快的双边活动,像A公司这样进攻性强的公司不能过分的紧逼对方,因为对方十分的讨厌这样的行为,如果执意如此,可能会导致谈判的破裂;而B公司也要注意谈判整个过程的节奏,不能过分的拖沓,过分的墨守成规,这样会给A公司造成没有诚意的模样,干练的完成谈判的过程。