Innovation and international trade in technology Journal of Economic Theory
英语作文加拿大的经济状况
英语作文加拿大的经济状况Introduction:Canada, the second-largest country by land area, boasts a strong and diverse economy that has been a subject ofinterest for many. This essay will explore the current economic situation in Canada, touching upon its key sectors, challenges, and potential for growth.Paragraph 1 - Key Economic Sectors:Canada's economy is driven by a combination of natural resource extraction, manufacturing, and service industries. The country is a leading exporter of energy products, particularly oil, and also has a significant presence in the mining sector. Additionally, the agricultural sector contributes to Canada's economic stability by exporting grains and other commodities. The service sector, which includes finance, tourism, and technology, has grown to become the largest component of the economy.Paragraph 2 - Trade and International Relations:Trade is a vital part of Canada's economic landscape. The United States remains Canada's largest trading partner, with a significant portion of Canadian exports and imports passing between the two countries. Canada is also a member of the G7 and has been actively involved in international trade agreements, such as the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with the European Union and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), which has replacedNAFTA.Paragraph 3 - Challenges and Economic Fluctuations:Like any other economy, Canada faces challenges that can impact its economic stability. Fluctuations in global commodity prices can significantly affect the country'sexport revenues. Additionally, the economy is sensitive to changes in the business cycle of its largest trading partner, the United States. The Canadian government has been implementing various fiscal and monetary policies to mitigate these risks and maintain economic growth.Paragraph 4 - Innovation and Future Prospects:Canada has been investing in innovation and technology to diversify its economy and reduce reliance on natural resources. The government supports research and developmentin sectors such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology,and clean energy. These efforts are expected to create newjob opportunities and contribute to long-term economic growth.Conclusion:In conclusion, Canada's economy is robust and well-diversified, with a strong foundation in natural resourcesand a growing emphasis on innovation and technology. While challenges such as global market volatility and trade uncertainties persist, the country's strategic international relations and commitment to economic diversification position it well for future growth and stability.。
我国国际贸易的作文英文
我国国际贸易的作文英文Title: The Role of International Trade in China。
International trade plays a pivotal role in the economic development of China, serving as a catalyst for growth, innovation, and global integration. This essay delves into the significance of international trade for China, its impact on the economy, and the strategies employed to enhance competitiveness in the global market.First and foremost, international trade has been instrumental in propelling China's economic growth over the past few decades. Since the implementation of economic reforms and the opening up policy in the late 1970s, China has experienced unprecedented expansion in its trade volume. By leveraging its abundant labor force, natural resources, and strategic geographical location, China has emerged as a global manufacturing hub and a major player ininternational trade.One of the primary benefits of international trade for China is the influx of foreign capital and investment. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has poured into various sectors of the Chinese economy, fueling industrialization, technological advancement, and infrastructure development. This influx of capital has not only stimulated economic growth but also facilitated the transfer of knowledge, skills, and technology, contributing to China's capacityfor innovation and industrial upgrading.Moreover, international trade has played a crucial role in diversifying China's export markets and reducing its dependence on any single market. By expanding its trade relations with countries across the globe, China has mitigated the risks associated with regional economic fluctuations and geopolitical tensions. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), for instance, has provided new avenuesfor trade and investment, enhancing connectivity between China and its trading partners along the ancient Silk Road routes.Furthermore, international trade has enabled China toaccess a wide range of goods and services from foreign markets, fostering consumer welfare and enhancing the quality of life for its citizens. Through trade, China has gained access to advanced technologies, machinery, and raw materials that are crucial for sustaining its industrial production and meeting the demands of a growing domestic market.In addition to its economic benefits, international trade has also contributed to China's diplomatic and geopolitical objectives. By actively participating in regional and multilateral trade agreements, such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the World Trade Organization (WTO), China has positioned itself as a responsible stakeholder in the global trading system. This has enhanced China's soft power and influence on the international stage, paving the way for greater cooperation and mutual understanding among nations.Despite its numerous advantages, China faces challenges in the realm of international trade, including trade tensions with major trading partners, protectionistmeasures, and geopolitical uncertainties. To navigate these challenges and sustain its economic momentum, China has adopted a multifaceted approach that includes diversifying its export markets, enhancing domestic consumption, promoting innovation-driven development, and pursuing economic diplomacy.In conclusion, international trade occupies a central place in China's economic development strategy, driving growth, innovation, and global integration. By capitalizing on its comparative advantages and embracing the opportunities offered by globalization, China has emerged as a leading player in the international trade arena. Looking ahead, China remains committed to further opening up its economy, deepening cooperation with its trading partners, and contributing to a more inclusive and prosperous global economy.。
国际商务》查尔斯英文第九版期末复习重点
Chapter 1 globalizationWhat is globalization?The globalization of markets.It refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace.The globalization of productionIt refers to the sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production.Factors of production: (1) land, (2) capital, (3) labor, (4) energyWhy china losing their position of global factory?(1)A ging population.The population of the china is aging, which leads china to losing their advantage of cheaper labors that resulting the cost of production in china is going higher.(2)E xpensive land.The higher cost of land is another reason that leads to China losingits position of global factory. In the early time, it is free for foreign company to use land in China to build up a factory. But it is not free for them anymore. Because of the increasing price of land, many company are moving their factories to other countries.The differences between the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank （WB）.The IMF was established to maintain order in the international monetary system; the WB was set up to promote economic development.In a short word, the IMF always gives a hand to the countries in crisis, and it often offers the short-term loan.The WB always loan money to country build their infrastructure with long-term loan.Drivers of globalizationDeclining trade and investment barriersInternational trade occurs when a firm exports goods & services to consumers in another country.Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests resources in business activities outside its home country.The role of technological changeMicroprocessors and telecommunicationsMoore’s law, which predicts that the power of microprocessor technology doubles and its cost of production falls in half every 18 months.The internet and world wide webTransportation technologyImplications for the globalization of productionImplications for the globalization of marketsThe changing demographics of the global economyThe changing world output and world trade pictureThe changing foreign direct investment pictureThe changing nature of the multinational enterpriseThe changing world orderTotalitarianism ———democracyPlan market —— free marketFactors prevent globalizationProtectionismDistanceLanguage barriersControl by government(1)Job losses in industries under attack from foreign competitors;(2)Downward pressure on the wage rates of unskilled workers;(3)Environmental degradation;(4)The cultural imperialism (帝国主义) of global media andmultinational enterprise, which was called “culturally impoverished”The differences between managing an international business and managing a purely domestic business(1)C ountries are different(2)T he range of problems confronted by managers in aninternational business is wider and the problems themselves (3)A n international business must find ways to work within thelimits imposed by government intervention in the international trade and invest system;(4)International transactions involve converting money intodifferent currenciesChapter 2national differences in political economy political economy to stress that the political, economic, and legalsystems of a country are interdependent.Political system: mean the system of government in a nation. It can be assessed according to two dimensionsThe first is the degree to which they emphasize collectivism as opposed to individualism.Collectivism: refers to a political system that stresses the primacy of collective goals over individual goals.Individualism: refers to a philosophy that an individual should have freedom in his or her economic and political pursuit.The second is the degree to which they are democratic or totalitarian.Democracy: refers to a political system in which government is by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives.Totalitarianism: is a form of government in which one person or political party exercise absolute control over all sphere of human life and prohibits opposing political parties.Pure market economy: all productive are privately owned, as opposed to being owned by the state.Pure command economy: the government plans the goods and services that country produces, the quantity in which they are produced, and the prices at which they are sold.Legal systemCommon law: based on tradition, precedent (先例)Civil law: based on a detailed set of laws organized into codes. Theocratic law: the law is based on religious teachings Property rights and corruptionProperty rights: refers to the legal rights over the use to which a resource is put and over the use made of any income that may be derived from that resource.Property rights can be violated in two ways—— through private action and through public action.Private action: refers to theft, piracy（非法翻印），blackmail）（勒索）, and the like by private individuals or groups.Public action and corruption: it occurs when public officials, such as politicians and government bureaucrats, extort （敲诈）income, resources, or the property itself from property holders.Chapter 3political economy and economic development GNI: is regarded as a yardstick for the economic activity of a country; it measures the total annual income received by residents of a nation.The disadvantage of GNI:GNI per person figures can be misleading because they don’t consider difference in the cost of living.To account for the difference in the cost of living, the purchasing power parity(PPP) is referred. It for different countries is then adjusted (up or down) depending upon whether the cost of living is lower or higher than the USA.Human Development Index(HDI): a tool to measure the quality of human life in different countries, which is based on three measures:(1). Life expectancy at birth (a function of health care);(2). Educational attainment (measured by a combination of the adult literacy rate and enrollment in primary, secondary, and tertiary education);(3). Whether the average income, based on PPP estimates, are sufficient to meet the basic needs of life in a country (adequate food, shelter, and health care).Innovation and entrepreneurship are the engines of growth Innovation: new products, new processes, new organization, new management practices, and new strategies.Furthermore, innovations in production and business processes lead to an increase in the productivity of labor and capital, which further boosts economic growth rates.Entrepreneurs first commercialize innovative new products and processes, and entrepreneurial activity provides much of the dynamism(活力) in an economy.The factors that innovations and entrepreneurship need:1.Market economy;2.Strong property rights;3.Democratic political system;4.Geography(地理), education, and economic development. States in transitionThe political economy of many of the world’s nation-states has changed radically since the late 1980s. two trend have been evident:First, a wave of democratic revolutions swept the world;Second, there has been a strong move away from centrally planned and mixed economies and toward a more free market economic model.The spread of democracyThree main reasons account for the spread of democracy:First, many totalitarian regimes failed to deliver economic progress to the vast bulk of their populations.Second,new information and communication technologies,including satellite television, internet have reduced a state’s ability to control access to uncensored(未经审查的) information.Third, in many countries the economic advances of the past quarter century have led to the emergence of increasingly prosperous middle and working classes who have pushed for democratic reforms.The nature of economic transformationThe shift toward a market-based economic system often entails a number of steps:1.Deregulation;2.Privatization;3.Creation of a legal system to safeguard property rights. Implications of changing political economy (for managers) Benefits1.Size of economy;2.Likely economic growth；3.First-mover advantages: advantages that accrue to early entrantsinto a market;te-mover disadvantages are the handicaps that late entrantsmight suffer.costs1.Corruption(贪污、腐败)；ck of infrastructure;3.Legal costs.risks1.Political risks: social unrest/ anti-business trends;2.Economic risks: economic mismanagement;3.Legal risks: failure to safeguard Property Rights.Chapter 4 difference in cultureWhat is culture?Complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society.Values:Abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable.Norms:The social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations.Norms can be subdivided further into two major categories: folkways and mores.Folkways are the routine conventions of everyday life, which includes rituals(礼仪) and symbolic behavior.More are norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society and to its social life.Society:A group of people who share a common set of values and norms. The cultural norms and value system includes:1.Religion;2.Political philosophy;3.Economic philosophy;cation;nguage;6.Social structureSocial structureSocial structure refers to its basic organization, which can expend into two dimensions:First, the degree to which the basic unit of social organization is the individual, as opposed to the group.Second, the degree to which a society is stratified into classes or castes(等级)。
怎样使国货崛起英语作文
怎样使国货崛起英语作文Title: How to Promote the Rise of Chinese Products。
In recent years, the global market has witnessed a remarkable rise in Chinese products. This trend not only reflects the increasing competitiveness of Chinese brands but also signifies a shift in the international trade landscape. To further promote the ascent of Chineseproducts on the global stage, several strategies can be implemented.Firstly, enhancing product quality is paramount. Chinese manufacturers should prioritize quality control measures to ensure that their products meet or exceed international standards. This involves investing in advanced technology, conducting rigorous testing procedures, and implementing efficient production processes. By consistently delivering high-quality goods, Chinese brands can build trust and credibility among consumers worldwide.Secondly, innovation plays a pivotal role in driving the success of Chinese products. Embracing creativity and investing in research and development are essential for staying ahead in today's competitive market. Chinese companies should focus on developing innovative products, improving existing ones, and exploring new technologies. By fostering a culture of innovation, Chinese brands can differentiate themselves from competitors and capture the attention of global consumers.Furthermore, effective marketing and brandingstrategies are crucial for promoting Chinese products internationally. Building a strong brand image requires strategic planning, consistent messaging, and engaging storytelling. Chinese companies should leverage various marketing channels, including social media, influencer partnerships, and experiential marketing, to connect with consumers across different demographics and regions. By effectively communicating the value proposition of their products, Chinese brands can create a strong brand identity and attract loyal customers worldwide.Moreover, fostering international partnerships and collaborations can accelerate the global expansion of Chinese products. Collaborating with foreign companies, distributors, and retailers can provide access to new markets, channels, and resources. By forming strategic alliances, Chinese brands can leverage the expertise, networks, and market insights of their partners to navigate unfamiliar territories and overcome barriers to entry. Additionally, participating in international trade fairs, exhibitions, and events can enhance visibility andfacilitate networking opportunities for Chinese businesses.In addition to these strategies, government support and favorable policies are essential for the sustained growth of Chinese products on the global stage. Governments at both national and local levels should implement policies that encourage innovation, entrepreneurship, and international trade. This may include providing financial incentives, tax breaks, and regulatory support to Chinese companies seeking to expand overseas. By creating a conducive business environment, policymakers can empower Chinese brands to compete effectively in the globalmarketplace.In conclusion, the rise of Chinese products on the global stage is a testament to the country's economic prowess and industrial capabilities. By focusing on product quality, innovation, marketing, partnerships, and supportive policies, Chinese brands can further enhance their competitiveness and expand their presence in international markets. With concerted efforts from businesses, government, and other stakeholders, the future looks promising for the continued ascent of Chinese products worldwide.。
国际贸易的道路英语作文
国际贸易的道路英语作文International trade is a vital part of the global economy. It allows countries to exchange goods and services, fostering economic growth and development.The road to international trade is often paved with challenges and obstacles. Different countries havedifferent regulations, tariffs, and trade barriers that can make it difficult for businesses to trade across borders.However, with the advancement of technology and the increasing interconnectedness of the world, international trade has become more accessible and efficient than ever before.In today's globalized world, international trade is essential for businesses to remain competitive and for countries to achieve economic prosperity. It allows for the exchange of goods, services, and ideas, leading to innovation and growth.Despite the many benefits of international trade, it is not without its drawbacks. It can lead to job displacement, environmental degradation, and social inequalities, especially in developing countries.In conclusion, international trade is a complex and multifaceted process that has both positive and negative impacts on the global economy. It is essential for countries to work together to address the challenges and maximize the benefits of international trade.。
我国经济发展英文作文
我国经济发展英文作文Title: The Economic Development of Our CountryEconomic development is a crucial aspect of a country's growth and prosperity. In recent years, our country has made significant progress in this area, transforming into a global economic powerhouse. This essay will explore the key factors contributing to the economic development of our country. One of the primary drivers of our country's economic development is rapid industrialization. The government has implemented policies to support the growth of various industries, leading to increased production and job opportunities. As a result, our country has become a manufacturing hub, exporting goods to countries around the world.Furthermore, the emphasis on innovation and technology has played a pivotal role in driving economic growth. Our country has invested heavily in research and development, leading to the creation of cutting-edge technologies and products. This innovation-driven approach has not only boosted economic growth but also enhanced our global competitiveness. Moreover, the government's focus on infrastructure development has been instrumental in supporting economicactivities. The construction of roads, bridges, ports, and airports has improved connectivity and facilitated trade and commerce. Additionally, investments in energy and telecommunications infrastructure have enhanced efficiency and productivity across various sectors.Another significant factor contributing to our country's economic development is the expansion of international trade. By fostering trade relations with countries worldwide, our country has been able to tap into new markets and attract foreign investment. This has not only boosted economic growth but also promoted cultural exchange and collaboration on a global scale.In conclusion, the economic development of our country can be attributed to a combination of factors, including rapid industrialization, innovation, infrastructure development, and international trade. Moving forward, it is essential for the government and businesses to continue working together to sustain this growth momentum and ensure a prosperous future for our nation.---Feel free to expand on these points or add more details to further elaborate on the economic development of yourcountry. Good luck with your essay!。
和国际的科技接轨英语作文
和国际的科技接轨英语作文标题，Bridging the Gap: Aligning with International Technology Standards。
In today's interconnected world, the advancement of technology knows no boundaries. As nations strive to keep pace with the rapid evolution of technology, it becomes imperative for them to align their technological standards with international norms. This alignment not only fosters collaboration and innovation but also ensures interoperability and compatibility across borders. In this essay, we will explore the significance of aligning with international technology standards and discuss the benefits and challenges associated with this endeavor.To begin with, aligning with international technology standards facilitates seamless integration into the global technological ecosystem. In an era where cross-border collaborations are commonplace, adhering to common standards ensures that products, services, and systemsdeveloped in one country can be readily adopted andutilized in another. This interoperability not only enhances efficiency but also promotes innovation byenabling the exchange of ideas and resources on a global scale.Moreover, aligning with international technology standards enhances market access and competitiveness. As businesses operate in an increasingly globalized environment, conformity to international standards becomesa prerequisite for accessing foreign markets. By aligning their technological standards with international benchmarks, countries can eliminate trade barriers and gain a competitive edge in the global marketplace. This, in turn, stimulates economic growth and fosters job creation as businesses expand their operations beyond domestic borders.Furthermore, alignment with international technology standards promotes safety, security, and sustainability. Many international standards are designed to ensure the safety and reliability of products and services, thereby protecting consumers and the environment. By adhering tothese standards, countries can mitigate risks associated with technological innovation and enhance public trust in emerging technologies. Additionally, international standards often incorporate cybersecurity protocols and sustainability criteria, contributing to a more secure and environmentally conscious technological landscape.Despite the numerous benefits of aligning with international technology standards, there are also challenges associated with this endeavor. One such challenge is the complexity of navigating the diverse landscape of international standards bodies and regulatory frameworks. With multiple organizations and jurisdictions involved in setting standards, achieving consensus and harmonization can be a daunting task. Additionally, the process of updating and revising standards to keep pace with technological advancements requires continuous collaboration and investment of resources.Another challenge is the potential resistance from domestic industries and stakeholders accustomed to existing standards and practices. Implementing changes to align withinternational standards may entail significant costs and adjustments, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises. Moreover, there may be concerns regarding the loss of national sovereignty or cultural identity in adopting foreign standards, necessitating careful consideration of the balance between global integration and local autonomy.In conclusion, aligning with international technology standards is essential for nations seeking to thrive in the digital age. By embracing common standards, countries can foster innovation, enhance competitiveness, and promote safety and sustainability in the global technological landscape. However, achieving alignment requires concerted efforts to overcome challenges such as complexity and resistance from domestic stakeholders. Ultimately, the benefits of aligning with international technology standards far outweigh the challenges, paving the way for a more interconnected, innovative, and inclusive future.。
国际贸易 英语作文
International trade is a dynamic and complex field that plays a pivotal role in the global economy.It involves the exchange of goods,services,and intellectual property between countries,and it is driven by a variety of factors such as comparative advantage, market demand,and trade policies.The Importance of International TradeInternational trade is crucial for several reasons.Firstly,it allows countries to specialize in producing goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage,leading to increased efficiency and productivity.This specialization can result in lower costs and higher quality products,benefiting consumers worldwide.Secondly,trade fosters economic growth by providing access to a broader range of goods and services,which can lead to increased innovation and technological advancement. Countries can import products that they cannot produce efficiently themselves,thereby improving the standard of living for their citizens.Bilateral and Multilateral Trade AgreementsTrade agreements are essential tools in managing international trade.Bilateral agreements,such as free trade agreements FTAs,are made between two countries and often involve the reduction or elimination of tariffs and other trade barriers.These agreements can lead to increased trade volumes and economic integration between the participating countries.Multilateral trade agreements,on the other hand,involve multiple countries and are typically managed through international organizations such as the World Trade Organization WTO.The WTOs primary goal is to facilitate international trade by establishing a set of rules and regulations that its member countries must adhere to.Challenges in International TradeDespite its benefits,international trade is not without challenges.One of the main issues is the protectionist policies adopted by some countries,which can lead to trade wars and economic instability.These policies often involve the imposition of tariffs and quotas, which can restrict trade and lead to retaliation from other countries.Another challenge is the issue of trade imbalances,where one country consistently has a trade surplus exports more than it imports while another has a trade deficit imports more than it exports.This can lead to economic disparities and tensions between tradingpartners.The Role of Technology in International TradeThe advent of technology has revolutionized international trade.The internet and digital platforms have made it easier for businesses to connect with customers and suppliers across the globe.Ecommerce has become a significant driver of trade,allowing for the direct sale of goods and services to consumers in different countries.Moreover,advancements in logistics and supply chain management have made it more efficient to move goods across borders.This has reduced the cost of international trade and increased the speed at which goods can be delivered,further fueling global economic integration.ConclusionIn conclusion,international trade is a vital component of the global economy, contributing to economic growth,innovation,and the improvement of living standards. While challenges such as protectionism and trade imbalances persist,the ongoing development of technology and the establishment of trade agreements continue to facilitate and enhance international trade.As the world becomes more interconnected,the importance of international trade is likely to grow,making it an essential area of study for economists,policymakers,and business professionals alike.。
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Research highlights►Applying ICM plan to small islands requires new definition and special attention. ► ICM plan in Free Trade Zones (FTZ)must observe the demand for a better economy. ► A spatial-planning-oriented approach in ICM plans in FTZs is recommended.Solid waste management in European countries: A review of systems analysis techniques Review ArticleJournal of Environmental ManagementTo explore managerial issues and their implications on e-Government deployment in the public sector: Lessons from Taiwan's Bureau of Foreign Trade Original Research ArticleGovernment Information QuarterlySolid waste management in European countries: A review of systems analysis techniques Review ArticleJournal of Environmental ManagementReligious freedom, religious diversity, and Japanese foreign direct investment Original Research ArticleResearch in International Business and FinanceThis study examines the dynamics of channel relationships between an end user and multiple suppliers in Hong Kong, a major international logistics hub in Asia. Drawing on the literature on channel relationships, we examine the links between different channel relationship variables and the contingent effect of business uncertainty on the links between these variables and supplier commitment. The results of the study indicate that expected relationship continuity mediates the effects of trust and relationship quality on commitment. Furthermore, the positive effect of trust on commitment is found to be stronger when business uncertainty is high than when business uncertainty is low. As supply chain management is becoming essential for firms to succeed in today's business, industrial marketing managers need to be aware of the dynamics in channel relationships and to better manage their supply chains. The implications of our findings for research and for the practice of channel relationship management are provided.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Conceptual development2.1. Relationship quality, trust, and commitment2.2. Mediation effect of expected relationship continuity2.3. Moderating effect of business uncertainty3. Methodology3.1. Samples and data collection3.2. Non-response bias and common method variance3.3. Measures4. Results4.1. Measure validation4.2. Hypotheses testing5. Discussion and conclusionsAcknowledgementsAppendix A. Measures in the StudyReferencesVitae経験と技能の応募要求l 学歴：最低大卒。
l 最低5年以上QCとして中国のソーシング若しくは貿易会社での勤務経験。
l 有名ブランド/小売会社でQCとしての勤務経験がある。
l QCの全体プロセスに相当高い知識を持つ。
l 製品生産に熟知する（例えば、パタン、仕上、生地、付属、ステッチ、安全要求等）。
l 米国式工場コンプライアンス監査、工場品質監査とAQL2.5/4品質管理の経験を有する。
l 素晴らしい製造知識。
l 優秀な品質認定の能力。
l 有能な交際能力。
l 優秀なチームワーク精神。
l 成功に強い願望とやる気。
l 強い分析能力。
l 強い計画？整理能力。
l 中国語の流暢は必須、英語または日本語の能力を希望。
l 熟練にMicrosoft Excel及びPowerpointを使用出来る。
Differentiated products and evasion of import tariffs Original Research Article Journal of International Economics, Volume 76, Issue 2, December 2008, Pages 208-222 Beata S. Javorcik, Gaia NarcisoChina versus Mexico in the Global EPZ Industry: Maquiladoras, FDI Quality, and Plant Mortality Original Research ArticleWorld DevelopmentMulti-process capability plot and fuzzy inference evaluation Original Research ArticleInternational Journal of Production EconomicsDunning's eclectic paradigm: A holistic, yet context specific framework for analysing the determinants of outward FDI: Evidence from international Greek investments Original Research ArticleInternational Business ReviewA perceptual measure of trade shows using fuzzy quality deployment development Original Research ArticleExpert Systems with ApplicationsQC （日本语） )|公司行业： 服装/纺织/皮革 服装/纺织/皮革公司性质： 合资(非欧美)公司规模： 50-150人 比比你的竞争力发布日期： 2011-02-19 工作地点： 上海 招聘人数： 1 工作年限： 五年以上 语言要求： 日语 精通 学 历： 本科 职位描述Free Trade Zones (FTZs) around the world offer special advantages to investors and facilitateimport/export of goods in order to boost the regional economy. Integrated coastal management in these areas faces special challenges in addition to what ordinary ICZMs usually encounter. For a successful ICZM plan, the very strong business orientation in FTZs has to be taken into account, while other important aspects such as environmental, social, and cultural issues should not be overlooked. The problem becomes more difficult where the free zone is situated in sensitive and valuable environmental circumstances.Kish Island, a free trade zone in the Persian Gulf region, has recently been the focus of a major ICZM study. In order to address the different needs of various stakeholders in the island, four strategicmanagement plans are prepared. The investigations carried out in the course of this study indicated that the required management plans for this free trade zone should be provided with a spatial-plan-oriented approach, otherwise the integration can hardly be achieved and implemented.This article describes Kish FTZ characteristics and problems that required ICZM initiatives, the methodology for ICZM study, the preparation and implementation of strategic management plans considering the free zone obligations, and the need for a spatial umbrella plan to facilitate the integration among different plans in the implementation process.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Kish Island characteristics3. ICZM study in Kish FTZ3.1. Need for integrated coastal management in Kish Island3.2. Strategic management plans for Kish FTZ3.2.1. Environmental management plan (EMP)3.2.2. Shoreline management plan (SMP)3.2.3. Monitoring and evaluation plan (MEP)3.3. Spatial planning approach for integration3.4. Lessons learned from Kish ICZM4. Concluding remarksAcknowledgementsData for OECD countries document: 1. imports and exports are about three times as volatile as GDP; 2. imports and exports are pro-cyclical, and positively correlated with each other; 3. net exports are counter-cyclical. Standard models fail to replicate the behavior of imports and exports, though they can match net exports relatively well. Inspired by the fact that a large fraction of international trade is indurable goods, we propose a two-country two-sector model in which durable goods are traded across countries. Our model can match the business cycle statistics on the volatility and comovement of the imports and exports relatively well. The model is able to match many dimensions of the data, which suggests that trade in durable goods may be an important element in open-economy macro models. Article Outline1. Introduction2. Empirical findings and share of trade in durable goods2.1. Trade volatility and cyclicality2.2. Trade in durable goods in OECD countries3. A two-country benchmark model3.1. Firms3.2. Households3.3. Other equilibrium conditions4. Calibration5. Model performance5.1. International RBC statistics5.1.1. Performance of standard models5.1.2. Models with trade in durable goods5.1.2.1. Benchmark model5.1.2.2. Alternative specifications5.2. Backus–Smith puzzle6. ConclusionAcknowledgementsAppendix A. AppendixDividing imports and exports into categories of durable and nondurable goodsReferencesWhat can water utilities do to improve risk management within their business functions? An improved tool and application of process benchmarking OriginalResearch ArticleEnvironment InternationalInternational trade in durable goods: Understanding volatility, cyclicality, and elasticities Original Research ArticleJournal of International Economics。