北大16秋《大学英语3-第四组》在线作业

一、阅读理解(共10题，每题2分，共20分)

请阅读以下文章，回答文章后的五个小题。每个小题只有一个最佳选项。

1).

Breastfeeding (母乳喂养) for a month or longer appears to reduce a woman's risk of getting diabetes (糖病) later in life, according to a new study. The breastfeeding and diabetes link has been reported in other studies, according to researcher Eleanor Schwarz. Yet, her study makes the link easier to believe. Her study is published in a journal of medicine in America. Schwarz and her colleagues looked at data about breastfeeding practices. They evaluated data on 2,233 women from California. Of those, 405 were not mothers, 1,125 were mothers who breastfed for at least a month, and 703 were mothers who had never breastfed. They were 40 to 78 years old.

According to Schwarz's study, the risk of getting a diagnosis (诊断) of Type 2 diabetes for women who breastfed all their children for a month or longer was similar to that of women who had not given birth. But mothers who had never breastfed were nearly twice as likely to develop diabetes as women who had never given birth. Mothers who never breastfed were about 1.4 times as likely to develop diabetes as women who breastfed for one to three months, Schwarz found.

While one month of breastfeeding appears to make a difference, Schwarz says, even longer is better. “Previous studies have shown the longer the mom breastfeeds, the more benefit for her body.” Many experts recommend breastfeeding for six months and continuing for a year, she says.

The diabetes-breastfeeding link is probably explained by belly fat. Mothers, who don't breastfeed, as they get older, may have more belly fat, as breastfeeding helps new mothers take off weight. “Belly fat increases the risk of diabetes as you get older,” she says.

The finding isn't surprising at all, says Kimberly Gregory. She often gives advice to women who get diabetes (occurring during pregnancy (怀孕)) that they are at risk for later getting Type 2 diabetes and suggests they breastfeed. The new findings will probably inspire Gregory to add to the-advice she gives moms-to-be about the benefits of breastfeeding. She often focuses on the benefits to the baby.

1. According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. About two thousand and two hundred old women took part in the study.

B. Eleanor Schwarz's research program was about men and women who suffered from diabetes.

C. Over one fifths of the women never got married.

D. Eleanor Schwarz's results seem more reliable.

2. According to Schwarz's findings, who are more likely to get diabetes later in life?

A. Those mothers who had never breastfed.

B. Those mothers who never gave birth.

C. Those mothers who breastfed for a month.

D. Those mothers who breastfed for six months.

3. Which of the following statements would Schwarz agree with?

A. Breastfeeding is not advisable because it is not good for a mom to keep a good shape.

B. Breastfeeding can greatly reduce a mother's chances of getting all kinds of serious disease.

C. Breastfeeding for a month is highly recommended: the longer, the better.

D. Breastfeeding for a month or longer makes babies smarter.

4. What does the author mean by “moms-to-be” in the last paragraph?

A. Women who are pregnant, especially for the first time.

B. Women who dream of having babies for the first time.

C. Women who already have children.

D. Women who have just got babies for the first time.

5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?

A. Breastfeeding May Enhance Babies' Chances of Survival

B. Breastfeeding May Lower Moms' Diabetes Risk

C. Breastfeeding May Become Very Fashionable in Near Future

D. Breastfeeding May Help Women Lose Weight

2).

As the school year kicks off, parents are once again straggling to cajole(哄编) and, if need be, drag their exhausted teens out of bed. That image may make you laugh, but lack of sleep is no joke. Teenagers who don’t get enough rest have more learning, health, behavior and mood problems than students who get at least nine hours a night. Long-term lack of sleep is tied to heart disease, overweight, depression and a shortened life span in adults, indicating the importance of establishing good sleep habits early in life. Lack of sleep can be especially deadly for teens; car accidents are the leading cause of death among teenagers, and safety experts believe sleepy driving is a major factor.

Unfortunately, few teenagers get the sleep they need. In a survey of middle- and high-school students, University of Colorado researchers found that 82 percent said they woke up tired and unrefreshed, and more than half had trouble concentrating during the day at least once a week.

Blame multitasking for some of this. Many students are juggling after-school activities, homework and part-time jobs. Even when they manage to fulfill these obligations by a reasonable hour, television, the Internet, video games, phone calls and text messages to friends often keep them awake deep into the night. Taking soda and energy drinks late in the day and going to late-night parties on weekends add to sleep debt. Biology also works against teenagers’sleep, The body’s internal clock, which controls when a person starts to feel tired, shifts after puberty (青春期), making it hard for most teens to fall asleep before 11 pm. Class usually begins before 8:15 am, with many high schools starting as early as 7:15 am. To get to school on time, most teens have to get up by 6:30 am, guaranteeing they’ll be sleep-deprived during the week. Teens often sleep much later on weekends to catch up, making it even harder to fall asleep on Sunday night and wake up Monday morning. Playing catch-up on weekends also doesn’t help teens stay refreshed when they need it most: during the week at school.

Since the 1990s, middle and high schools in more than two dozen states have experimented with later school start times. The results have been encouraging: more sleep, increased attendance, better grades and fewer driving accidents. But most schools still start early, meaning teens have their work cut out for them if they want to get enough sleep.

6. According to the passage, poor sleep can be linked to all of the following EXCEPT

A. heart disease

B. car accidents

C. skin problems

D. poor concentration

7. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is ___.

A. how sleep deprivation (缺乏) can be treated

B. what causes sleep deprivation

C. who is most at risk for sleep deprivation

D. why sleep deprivation is a serious concern

8. What does the word “juggling” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Dealing with at the same time.

B. Striking a balance between.

C. Applying for.

D. Having difficulty in.

9. Which of the following is NOT to blame for teenagers’ lack of sleep?

A. Multitasking.

B. Biological clock.

C. Weekend catch-up sleep.

D. Healthy diet.

10. According to the passage, what have some schools done to help their students get enough sleep?

A. Educating their students about the importance of sleep.

B. Monitoring their students’ late-night activities.

C. Delaying school start times.

D. Setting strict rules.

二、词汇与结构(共15题，每题2分，共30分)

11. All the passengers ____ in the accident were sent to the nearby hospital in no time.

A. to find injured

B. finding injured

C. to be found injured

D. found injured

12. In this workshop, the output of July was three times ____ of January.

A. that

B. this

C. one

D. it

13. The boss doesn't want to talk about the accident; now he is in no ______ to do so.

A. feeling

B. attitude

C. emotion

D. mood

14. I can't understand why you regard it as music. It ______ me mad!

A. puts

B. sets

C. drives

D. changes

15. Mr. Smith feels greatly with his son’s performance in school as he is always the top of his class.

A. disturbed

B. worried

C. distressed

D. satisfied

16. Skating is such a _____ sport in the northeast of China that almost everybody there knows

how to skate.

A. likely

B. famous

C. popular

D. long

17. Of all the girls in the class Jane studies the____ .

A. hard

B. harder

C. hardest

D. hardly

18. Do you know the girl ____father died in a car accident last week?

A. who

B. that

C. whom

D. whose

19. When the violinist finished his performance, the audience stood up and ____for five minutes.

A. acted

B. clapped

C. backed

D. closed

20. The teacher suggested that they_______ in the exercise at once.

A. had handed

B. should have handed

C. handed

D. hand

21. He did not go to school yesterday because he_______ his father who was ill.

A. must have looked after

B. would have to look after

C. had to look after

D. should have looked after

22. ______ by his friend for his mistake, Jim felt very unhappy.

A. Criticizing

B. To criticize

C. Criticized

D. Having criticized

23. Our sports meet is planned to take place ______ Saturday morning.

A. in

B. at

C. on

D. of

24. The lady treats the boy next door well as if he ______ her own son.

A. is

B. was

C. were

D. would be

25. The city ____ I was born is on the new railway line.

A. which

B. that

C. on which

D. where

三、改错(共5题，每题2分，共10分)

请在以下句子划线部分中，挑出错误的选项。

26. They are going to have the serviceman to be installed an electric fan in the office tomorrow.

A. are going to

B. have

C. to be installed

D. in

27. Only under special circumstances freshmen are permitted to take make-up tests.

A. under

B. circumstances

C. freshemen are

D. to take

28. Get to the top of the hill. but you will see the whole city.

A. Get to

B. top of the hill

C. but

D. will

29. Is that the reason because you are in favor of the proposal?

A. Is

B. reason

C. because

D. in favor of

30. There was so much noise in the room that I could hardly hear myself to think.

B. that

C. hardly

D. to think

四、完形填空(共10题，每题2分，共20分)

阅读文章，根据文意选择最佳选项。

1).

Life as a woman in the colonial (殖民的) America seems quite different from it is today. Women were considered inferior to men, a fact rooted in tradition, law, and religion. Their place was in the home, 31 they were to serve as devoted wives and mothers. They were therefore considered unfit to operate as political beings and unable to 32 the benefits of citizenship given to men. Very few women acquired a college education, secured a well-paid job, or pursued a fruitful career. Other than marrying well, they could do 33 to improve their economic status.

In place of their secondary status, women 34 play a central role in developing, civilizing, and advancing the nation long before the United States gained its independence from Great Britain. During the colonial period, they made great contributions to family and community. They worked alongside their husbands 35 family survival demanded that chores (杂事) be shared by all. Women helped to sow, plant, and harvest crops. They raised pigs and chickens, planted gardens and milked cows. This need for shared male and female labor 36 a constant theme (主题)as families moved to the frontier, where all family members' having to work proved essential.

37 scholars still debate the nature of white women's standing during the colonial period, many of them admit that colonial women achieved some standing in their families and communities 38 their contributions were so essential. A woman might perform chores in the home but also assist her husband in 39 a newspaper or a store. But this cooperative(合作的)approach did not translate into 40 rights for women.

31. .

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. where

32. .

A. view

B. star

C. enjoy

33. .

A. fewer

B. few

C. less

D. little

34. .

A. do

B. did

C. mere

D. Was

35. .

A. since

B. before

C. although

D. while

36. .

A. hesitated

B. sacrificed

C. remained

D. changed

37. .

A. After

B. Since

C. Although

D. Because

38. .

A. because

B. before

C. although

D. while

39. .

A. reading

B. requiring

C. buying

D. running

40. .

A. loyal

B. equal

C. upright

D. proud

五、翻译(共10题，每题2分，共20分)

翻译下列句子，英译汉、汉译英各五道题目。请自主完成，Google、百度、灵格斯、金山词霸等机器翻译零分。

41. Most of the 4,200 people on board made it to land safely, but more than 30 people were killed in the disaster.

42. Polar bears have thick fur，big paws and other features that make them well prepared for life in their tough environment.

43. But the deeper answer is that the tales that have lasted are magical adventures that help children deal with the struggles and fears of their everyday lives.

44. Experts said the results were interesting, but urged that they be understood with great care.

45. In Germany, nuclear power has been a repeatedly and widely argued issue for decades.

46. 昨天我花了两个小时阅读和回复电子邮件。

47. 你认识昨天做报告的那个人吗？

48. 请你帮忙打开门好吗？

49. 我改主意了。

50. 他对这份工作已经失去了兴趣。