江苏省2019高考英语第三部分写作层级训练第一步循序渐进提升写作技能第七讲言简意赅的非谓语动词讲解2

第七讲言简意赅的非谓语动词
李仕才
众所周知，书面表达中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。

恰当地运用非谓语动词不仅使句型多样，而且使习作结构紧凑。

一、非谓语动词的分类
1.不定式
I’m sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. 我抱歉地说，我不能和你一起在星期五下午去书店了。

We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.
我们应当通过学习尽力提升自己，为未来做好准备。

2.动名词
Furthermore，voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible.
而且在网上投票会瞬间得到反馈。

Doing the same sports on the playground gives us the opportunity to promote our friendship.在操场上做同样的运动给了我们机会促进我们的友谊。

3.现在分词
In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.
在这幅画中，我们可以看到一个穿着破旧衣服的男孩，坐在一张放着一摞书的旧木桌旁。

4.过去分词
In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order.
事实上，交通规则是与公共秩序相关的规则规章的一部分。

It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.
它刊登了由外国朋友写的有关他们国家的文章。

二、运用非谓语动词转换简单句
写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。

转换时可采用“三步法”：
第一步：写出两个简单句。

第二步：找准两个简单句的对接点，让一个句子作为主干，另一个句子用非谓语动词进行改写。

第三步：判断应用何种非谓语动词，把握好时态和语态，最后连接起来。

[示例]
第一步：写出两个简单句。

①In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”.
②It aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students. 第二步：让句①作主句，用非谓语动词改写句②。

第三步：让句②作定语，由于其动词aim与主语it之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作定语。

In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”，aiming to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.
三、运用非谓语动词转换复合句
用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，再把握好时态和语态即可，所以只需两步。

[示例]
第一步：写出复合句。

Since you have realized that your time is limited，you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.
第二步：把since引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词，realize与you之间为主谓关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。

Having realized that your time is limited，you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.
[跟踪训练]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1.Hearing__you’ll__be__a__new__member__of__us，we are all filled with joy and
cheer.
听说你将成为我们的一名新成员，我们心里充满了兴奋和快乐。

2.Another suggestion is to__practice__speaking.
还有一项建议是练习说的能力。

3.Hopefully，these books will help the students (to)__know__and__learn__Chinese__better.
让人满怀希望的是，这些书籍将有助于学生更好地了解和学习汉语。

4.Letting__out your temper in this way can avoid hurting others.
用这种方式释放自己的情绪能避免伤害别人。

5.Weather__permitting，we will go for an outing tomorrow.
天气允许的话，我们明天去郊游。

Ⅱ.用非谓语动词进行句型转换
1.All the people here like the novel.It is written by Tom.(用过去分词作定语)
→All__the__people__here__like__the__novel__written__by__Tom.
2.The boy came to school late again.This made the teacher very angry.(用动名词作主语)
→The__boy’s__coming__to__school__late__again__made__the__teacher__very__angry .
3.The boys were making the most of time.They wanted to finish the work earlier.(用不定式作目的状语)
→The__boys__were__making__the__most__of__time__so__as__to__finish__the__work__ earlier.
4.We were touched by the teacher’s words.We decided to work hard.(用过去分词作状语)
→Touched__by__the__teacher’s__words，we__decided__to__work__hard.
5.I feel quite sorry for that.I begin to think about what to do to help.(用现在分词作状语)
→Feeling__quite__sorry__for__that，I__begin__to__think__about__what__to__do__to__help.
6.Because I was amazed at how skillful they were，I determined to be just as good.(用
过去分词作状语)
→Amazed__at__how__skillful__they__were，I__determined__to__be__just__as__good.
7.Because I had paid a visit to the place，I will go somewhere else this year to spend my summer vacation.(用现在分词作状语)
→Having__paid__a__visit__to__the__place，I__will__go__somewhere__else__this__year__to__spend__my__summer__vacation.。