化学成分含量修约方法-ASTM A751-11
美标标准
评定在沸腾的氯化镁溶液中金属及其合金的抗应力腐蚀断裂的一般方法
39
ASTM G41-90(94)
测定金属在热盐环境下应力断裂敏感性的一般方法
40
ASTM G44-99
在3.5%氯化钠溶液中交替浸渍法评定金属及合金的抗应力腐蚀破裂的一般方法
41
ASTM G46-94
局部腐蚀的检测和评定
腐蚀场所或高温下使用的焊接大口径奥氏体钢管
10
ASTM A480/A480M-03
平轧不锈和抗热钢板材﹑薄板材和带材通用要求技术规范
11
ASTM A484/A484M-03
不锈和抗热钢棒﹑钢坯和锻件
12
ASTM A450/A450M-04
碳素铁素体和奥氏体合金钢管
13
ASTM A511-04
无缝不锈钢机械管件的技术规范
42
ASTM G48-03
用氯化铁溶液测定不锈钢及有关合金耐斑点腐蚀及裂隙腐蚀的试验方法
43
ASTM G78-95
海水及其它含氯化物的水文环境中铁基和镍基不锈合金的裂隙腐蚀试验
44
ASTM G85-02
改进的盐喷雾(物化)试验
纵向焊接管的超声检测
24
ASTM E309-95
用磁刨和法做管状钢产品的涡流检验
25
ASTM E340-00
金属和合金宏观腐蚀的测试方法
26
ASTM E381-98
钢制品(包括棒﹑方钢坯﹑大方坯和锻件)的宏观腐蚀测试检查和评定
27
ASTM E384-99
材料显微硬度的试验方法
28
ASTM E407-99
7
ASTM A967-01
ASTM A751-2014a-中文版
目录序言 (1)1. 范围 (1)2. 引用文件 (2)3. 术语 (3)4. 关于化学成分要求的标准 (4)5. 铸造或熔炼分析 (4)6. 成品分析要求 (5)7. 非规定元素（注4） (5)8. 取样 (5)9. 试验方法 (6)10. 参考材料 (8)11. 有效位数 (8)12. 圆整方法 (8)13. 报告 (9)14. 关键词 (9)附录（非强制性资料） (10)变更一览表 (11)钢制品化学分析标准试验方法、实验操作和术语1本标准是以固定代号A751发布的。
其后的数字表示原文本正式通过的年号；在有修订的情况下，为上一次的修订年号；圆括号中数字为上一次重新确认的年号。
上标符号（ε）表示对上次修改或重新确定的版本有编辑上的修改。
本标准经批准被国防部机构采用。
序言本标准的制订的这些试验方法，实验规程和术语意在回答需要有一份获取和报告钢、不锈钢和相关合金的化学分析，包括其各个方面的惟一文件。
如术语的定义和成品（校核）分析偏差（公差）一类题目要求的解释。
而对于取样、符合规定的限值和数据处理上的要求，在已制订的产品标准中通常并不很清楚。
本标准的制订的这些试验方法，实验规程和术语打算包含对于测定钢、不锈钢和相关合金的化学成分的所有要求，从而产品标准将只需要包括特殊的修正和例外。
1. 范围1.1这些试验方法、试验操作和术语包括钢、不锈钢和合金的化学分析的定义、参考办法、规程和指导方针，包括湿式化学分析和仪器分析技术。
1.2为掌握化学要求、产品分析、残余元素和参考标准并为化学分析数据处理和报告提供指引。
1.3这些试验方法、试验操作和术语作为一项要求，只应用于包括这些试验方法，试验操作和术语或零部件在内的产品规范。
1.4当发生矛盾时，产品规范要求应优先于这些试验方法、试验操作和术语的要求。
1.5当对于实验室评估标准方面的信息有所要求时，可参见条例ISO/IEC 17025。
1.6本标准并没有完全列举所有的安全声明，如果有必要，根据实际使用情况进行斟酌。
EDTA测定硫酸镍含量
化学分析方案硫酸镍样品的测定配制溶液：1、20%HCl溶液设原盐酸含量 X% ，需配制L mL目标20%的溶液则取纯盐酸（L×0.2）mL取浓盐酸（L×0.2）／X%加水量 L-(L×0.2／X%)例：原盐酸浓度36.5%，现需配制100mL20%的盐酸溶液，则取浓盐酸：54.80mL；加水量：45.2mL。
先用烧杯装45.2mL水，然后带上防护手套，在通风橱中打开浓盐酸试剂瓶，用量筒称取54.8mL，缓慢倒入已装水的烧杯中，边倒边搅拌，若烧杯过热则待稍微冷却后在进行盐酸的稀释，全部倒完后待冷却之后，放入细口瓶进行储存，贴上标签（备注试剂名称、浓度、配制日期、人员等）。
2、配制10% 氨水配制 V2 mL10% 氨水，原溶液取V1 mL,含量X%;则V1=V2×10%／X% V水= V2-V1例：配制100mL 10%的氨水，取V1 mL 25%氨水的体积V1=100×10%/25%=40mLV水=(100-40)mL=60mL步骤类似盐酸，操作时要带上口罩，氨水具有强挥发、刺激性。
3、配制NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液取NH4Cl ，加水20mL，加浓氨水35mL，用水稀释至100mL，储存于塑料试剂瓶。
4、配制铬黑T指示剂 5g/L称取铬黑T，加10mL三乙醇胺和90mL乙醇，配制溶液不宜久放，配置好的所有溶液需贴上标签，写上日期，学号，班级。
5、配制与标定：（1）乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐滴定液(0.1mol/L)称取乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐40g，加热溶于1000ml水中，冷却，摇匀。
（2）乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐滴定液(0.05mol/L)称取乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐20g，加热溶于1000ml水中，冷却，摇匀。
（3）乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐滴定液(0.02mol/L)称取乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐8g，加热溶于1000ml水中，冷却，摇匀。
标定：0.1mol/L乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐溶液，取于约800℃灼烧至恒重的基准氧化锌±，用少量水湿润，加2ml稀盐酸20%使其溶解，加水100ml，用10%氨水调至PH=7～8，加10ml氨—氯化铵（pH=10）及铬黑T指示剂，用配制好的乙二胺四乙酸二钠滴定液(0.1mol/L)滴定至溶液由紫色变为纯蓝色。
国标重金属检测试剂配制整理
国标重⾦属检测试剂配制整理砷-砷斑法1.硝酸-⾼氯酸混合液（4+1）：80ml硝酸，加20ml⾼氯酸，混匀。
2.硝酸镁溶液（150g/L）：15g六⽔硝酸镁溶于⽔中，稀释⾄100ml。
3.碘化钾溶液（150g/L）：15g碘化钾溶于⽔中，稀释⾄100ml。
棕⾊瓶储存。
4.酸性氯化亚锡溶液：40g⼆⽔氯化亚锡，加盐酸溶解并稀释⾄100ml，加数颗⾦属锡粒。
5.盐酸（1+1）：50ml盐酸，加⽔稀释⾄100ml。
6.⼄酸铅溶液（100g/L）：10g⼄酸铅溶于⽔，稀释⾄100ml。
7.⼄酸铅棉花：⼄酸铅溶液（100g/L）浸透脱脂棉后，压除多余溶液，使其疏松，在100℃以下⼲燥后，储存于玻璃瓶中。
8.氢氧化钠溶液（200g/L）:20g氢氧化钠溶于⽔，稀释⾄100ml。
9.硫酸（6+94）：6ml硫酸加⼊80ml⽔中，冷却后加⽔稀释⾄100ml。
10.砷标准储备液：0.1320g在硫酸⼲燥器中⼲燥过夜的或在100℃⼲燥2h的三氧化⼆砷，加5ml氢氧化钠（200g/L），溶解后加25ml硫酸（6+94），移⼊1000ml容量瓶中，加新煮沸冷却的⽔稀释⾄刻度，棕⾊玻塞瓶储存。
此溶液每毫升相当于0.10mg砷。
11.砷标准使⽤液：1.0ml砷标准储备液，置于100ml容量瓶中，加1ml硫酸（6+94）,加⽔稀释⾄刻度，此溶液每毫升相当于1.0µg砷。
12.溴化汞-⼄醇溶液（50g/L）：25g溴化汞⽤少量⼄醇溶解后，定容⾄500ml。
13.溴化汞试纸：将剪成直径2cm的圆形滤纸⽚，在溴化汞-⼄醇溶液（50g/L）中浸渍1h以上，保存于冰箱，临⽤前取出置暗处阴⼲备⽤。
铅-⼆硫腙⽐⾊法1.氨⽔（1+1）2.盐酸（1+1）：100ml盐酸，加100ml⽔。
3.酚红指⽰液（1g/L）：0.10g酚红，⽤少量多次⼄醇溶解后移⼊100ml容量瓶中并定容⾄刻度。
4.盐酸羟胺溶液（200g/L）：20.0g盐酸羟胺，加⽔溶解⾄50ml，加2滴酚红指⽰液，加氨⽔（1+1），调pH⾄8.5-9.0（由黄变红，再多加两滴），⽤⼆硫腙-三氯甲烷溶液提取⾄三氯甲烷层绿⾊不变为⽌，再⽤三氯甲烷洗两次，弃去三氯甲烷层，⽔层加盐酸（1+1）⾄呈酸性，加⽔⾄100ml。
ASTMA20中文版
压力容器用钢板通用要求SA-20/SA-20M(与ASTM标准A20/A20M-04完全等同)1 适用范围1.1 本标准包括一组通用要求，除专用材料标准中另有规定外，这些要求应适用于下列各项ASTM压力容器用轧制钢板标准：1.1.1 本标准还包括一组补充要求，适用于上列若干个标准中本身已指明的场合。
这些补充要求仅当买方在订货单中要求附加试验或检验并作了单独规定时采用。
1.2 附录X1叙述了制造压力容器钢板用卷材的生产及一些特性。
1.3 附录X2提供了关于压力容器用钢板拉伸性能变化性的资料。
1.4 附录X3提供了关于压力容器用钢板夏比V型缺口冲击试验性能变化的材料。
1.5 附录X4提供了包括冷弯时建议的最小内弯曲半径在内的有关钢板冷弯的资料。
1.6 这些材料仅适于熔焊，熔焊时应采用适合于该钢种级别及使用条件的焊接工艺。
1.7 如本标准与专用材料标准的要求不一致，则以专用材料标准的要求为准。
1.8 买方可以规定不否定本标准或专用材料标准任何条款的附加要求。
这些附加要求必须纳入采购订货单说明中，并取得供方同意。
1.9 为了确定供应材料是否与标准及材料标准的规定极限值相一致，各数值右面的有效位数应按E29推荐的圆整方法进行圆整。
1.10 以英寸-磅单位或SI单位表示的数值均可作为标准值。
本文中SI单位表示于括号内。
由于各单位制所表示的数值不能与另一种单位制进行精确换算，因此，每一种单位制必须独立使用。
1.11 本标准及所引用的材料标准均采用英寸-磅和SI两种单位，但除非订货单中规定采用“M”标志（SI单位），材料将以英寸-磅单位供货。
2 引用标准3 术语3.1 本标准专用术语说明：3.1.1 封顶钢---因受早期压盖过程而使沸腾作用受到限制的沸腾钢。
压盖可用机械方法，在瓶口式锭模顶部采用一个重的金属槽，也可用化学方法对敝口式锭模中钢水的顶部加铝或硅铁。
3.1.2 卷板—以卷材形式加工为成品钢板的热轧钢。
ASTMA751-01钢制品化学分析的实验方法、操作和术语(中文版)
钢制品化学分析方法、实验操作和术语试验室和机构所用准则的实用规程序言E29 为确定与标准的一致性，试验数据中取有 本标准的制订意在回答需要有一份获取和报告钢、不锈钢和相关合金的化学分析，包括其各个方面的惟一文件。
如术语的定义和成品(校核)分析偏差(公差)一类题目要求的解释。
而对于取样、符合规定的限值和数据处理上的要求，在已制订的产品标准中通常并不很清楚。
效位数的实用规程E30钢、铸铁、平炉铁和熟铁的化学分析方法 E50 金属化学分析用仪器、试剂和安全预防措 施的实用规程E59测定化学成分用钢和铁的取样方法本标准打算包含对于测定钢、不锈钢和相关合金的化学成分的所有要求，从而产品标准将只需要包括特殊的修正和例外。
E60 金属化学分析用光度和分光光度测量方法 的实用规程E212 用杆对杆技术做碳钢和低合金钢光谱分 析的试验方法E293 采用溶解技术测定低合金钢中酸溶铝的1适用范围光谱测定试验方法 1．1本标准，包括钢、不锈钢和同类合金化学分析有关的定义、参考方法、实验操作和指南，也包括湿法化学分析和仪器分析技术。
E322 低合金钢和铸铁的x射线发射光谱分析 的试验方法E327用点对面技术做18—8型不锈钢光发射光1．2对处理化学成分要求、产品分析、剩余元素和参考标准，并对化学分析数据的处理和报告都提供了指导。
谱分析的试验方法E350碳钢、低合金钢、硅电工钢、工业纯铁和熟1．3本标准只适用于那些把本标准或其一部分作为要求的产品标准。
铁的化学分析方法E352 工具钢和其他类似中高合金钢的化学分1．4在有争议的情况下，产品标准的要求优先于本标准的要求。
析方法E353 不锈钢、耐热钢、马氏体时效钢和其他类1．5当需要评定试验室的准则资料时，请参阅实用规程A880。
似铬。
镍．铁合金的化学分析方法E354高温、电工、磁性和其他类似用途的铁、镍1．6本标准无意论述与使用本标准有关的所有安全问题。
本标准的使用者有责任在使用之前制定适当的安全卫生规程和确定这种管理限制的适用范围。
A M中文版公制碳钢和合金钢螺母性能等级规定
ASTM A563M-公制碳钢和合金钢螺母性能等级规定1 前言1.1本规范包括常用的与螺丝、螺栓以及其它外螺纹紧固件配合的8个性能等级的碳钢以及合金钢的六角螺母和六角法兰螺母的机械及化学成分要求。
（备注1 –本规范中所称得等级皆是指性能等级。
备注2 – 5，9，10，12级的性能等级要求等同ISO898-2.8S和10S的等级要求等同ISO 4775高强度结构栓接用宽对边六角螺母.产品等级B.性能类别8和10，的要求。
8S3和10S3在ISO 规范中无相应规定）1.2 8S3和10S3等级的螺母必须遵从ASTM A588/A588M做防锈处理1.3 每一等级适用的螺母尺寸范围详见机械性能要求表格1.4 附录X1是一个给设计师及采购选择合适等级的指南1.5 附录X2是关于六角开槽螺母和六角锁紧螺母相关性能的数据。
（备注3 –本规范为ASTM A 563的公制指南）1.6 除另有说明外，本规范中所列出的项目均遵从ASTM F 1789对其定义的解说。
2 参考数据2.1 ASTM标准A 153/A153M 钢铁零件热浸镀锌规范A 325M 热处理后抗拉强度在830Mpa以上的结构螺栓（公制）规范A 394标准热镀锌电力铁塔螺栓A 490M结构钢连接用10.9和10.9.3级高强度钢螺栓(米制)标准规范A 588/A 588M 4英寸(100mm)厚屈服点最小为50ksi(345MPa)的高强度低合金结构钢标准规范A 751钢制品化学分析的试验方法、操作和术语B 695 钢铁表面的锌机械沉积镀层标准规范D 3951商业用包装规范F 568M: 碳素和合金钢外螺纹米制紧固件标准规范F 606M: 测定外螺纹及内螺纹紧固件、垫圈及铆钉机械特性的标准试验方法(米制)F 812/F 812M: 英制和米制系列螺母的表面不均匀性F789：F16机械紧固件标准术语G101：低合金钢耐大气腐蚀估价2.2 ANSI标准B1.13M M型米制螺纹B18.2.4.1M 公制六角螺母，1型B18.2.4.2M 公制六角螺母，2 型B18.2.4.3M 公制开槽六角螺母B18.2.4.4M 公制六角法兰螺母B18.2.4.5M 公制六角锁紧螺母B18.2.4.6M 公制重型六角螺母2.3 ISO 标准ISO 898-2 紧固件机械性能规范，第二部分，螺母及标准负荷要求ISO 4775高强度结构栓接用宽对边六角螺母.产品等级B.性能类别8和103 订单要求3.1如要采购本规范下所定义的螺母，则订单应包括以下信息：3.1.1 数量（所需螺母数量）3.1.2 公称通径和螺距3.1.3 关于所需螺母的类型的基本描述(比如，六角，六角法兰等)3.1.4 螺母性能等级3.1.5 镀锌-对镀锌的加工要求，热浸，机械沉积或是不需要（具体见4.7的要求）3.1.6 其它表面处理-如有需要的其它防护处理3.1.7 ASTM标准的名称，出版年份，以及3.1.8 其它特殊要求3.2 如对螺母的抗拉强度有要求，则任一等级的螺母都可用相同对边宽的高等级螺母替代。
ASTM标准 A751-2011英文版
Designation:A751–11Standard Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products1This standard is issued under thefixed designation A751;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(´)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThese test methods,practices,and terminology were prepared to answer the need for a single document that would include all aspects of obtaining and reporting the chemical analysis of steel, stainless steel,and related alloys.Such subjects as definitions of terms and product(check)analysis variations(tolerances)required clarification.Requirements for sampling,meeting specified limits,and treatment of data usually were not clearly established in product specifications.It is intended that these test methods,practices,and terminology will contain all requirements for the determination of chemical composition of steel,stainless steel,or related alloys so that product specifications will need contain only special modifications and exceptions.1.Scope*1.1These test methods,practices,and terminology cover definitions,reference methods,practices,and guides relating to the chemical analysis of steel,stainless steel,and related alloys.It includes both wet chemical and instrumental tech-niques.1.2Directions are provided for handling chemical require-ments,product analyses,residual elements,and reference standards,and for the treatment and reporting of chemical analysis data.1.3These test methods,practices,and terminology apply only to those product standards which include these test methods,practices,and terminology,or parts thereof,as a requirement.1.4In cases of conflict,the product specification require-ments shall take precedence over the requirements of these test methods,practices,and terminology.1.5Attention is directed to ISO/IEC17025when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing laboratories.1.6This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:2E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE30Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel,Cast Iron,Open-Hearth Iron,and Wrought Iron3E50Practices for Apparatus,Reagents,and Safety Consid-erations for Chemical Analysis of Metals,Ores,and Related MaterialsE60Practice for Analysis of Metals,Ores,and Related Materials by SpectrophotometryE212Test Method for Spectrographic Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel by the Rod-To-Rod Technique3E293Test Method for Spectrographic Determination of Acid-Soluble Aluminum in Low-Alloy Steel by the Solu-tion Technique3E322Test Method for X-Ray Emission Spectrometric Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels and Cast IronsE327Test Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric Analysis of Stainless Type18-8Steels by the Point-To-Plane Technique3E350Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel,Silicon Electrical Steel,Ingot Iron,and Wrought IronE352Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Tool Steels and Other Similar Medium-and High-Alloy Steels1These test methods,practices,and terminology are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.13on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes.Current edition approved Nov.1,2011.Published November2011.Originally approved st previous edition approved in2007as A751–08.DOI: 10.1520/A0751-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Withdrawn.The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on .*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---E353Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless,Heat-Resisting,Maraging,and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron AlloysE354Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature,Electrical,Magnetic,and Other Similar Iron,Nickel,and Cobalt AlloysE404Test Method for Spectrographic Determination of Boron In Carbon and LowAlloy Steel by the Point-To-Plane Technique 3E415Test Method for Atomic Emission Vacuum Spectro-metric Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy SteelE421Test Method for Spectrographic Determination of Silicon and Aluminum in High-Purity Iron 3E485Test Method for Optical Emission Vacuum Spectro-metric Analysis of Blast Furnace Iron by the Point-to-Plane Technique 3E548Guide for General Criteria Used for Evaluating Labo-ratory Competence 3E572Test Method for Analysis of Stainless and Alloy Steels by X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryE663Practice for Flame Atomic Absorption Analysis 3E743Guide for Spectrochemical Laboratory Quality Assur-ance 3E851Practice for Evaluation of Spectrochemical laborato-ries 3E882Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the Chemical Analysis LaboratoryE1019Test Methods for Determination of Carbon,Sulfur,Nitrogen,and Oxygen in Steel,Iron,Nickel,and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques E1024Guide for Chemical Analysis of Metals and Metal Bearing Ores by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectropho-tometry 3E1063Test Method for X-Ray Emission Spectrometric Determination of Cerium and Lanthanum in Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel 3E1085Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels by X-Ray Fluorescence SpectrometryE1086Test Method for Atomic Emission Vacuum Spectro-metric Analysis of Stainless Steel by Point-to-Plane Exci-tation TechniqueE1097Guide for Direct Current Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry AnalysisE1184Practice for Determination of Elements by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption SpectrometryE1282Guide for Specifying the Chemical Compositions and Selecting Sampling Practices and Quantitative Analy-sis Methods for Metals,Ores,and Related MaterialsE1329Practice for Verification and Use of Control Charts in Spectrochemical AnalysisE1806Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determina-tion of Chemical Composition 2.2ISO Standards:4ISO/IEC 17025General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories3.Terminology 3.1Definitions:3.1.1Pertaining to Analyses :3.1.1.1cast or heat (formerly ladle)analysis —applies to chemical analyses representative of a heat of steel as reported to the purchaser and determined by analyzing a test sample,preferably obtained during the pouring of the steel,for the elements designated in a specification.3.1.1.2product,check or verification analysis —a chemical analysis of the semifinished or finished product,usually for the purpose of determining conformance to the specification re-quirements.The range of the specified composition applicable to product analysis is normally greater than that applicable to heat analysis in order to take into account deviations associated with analytical reproducibility (Note 1)and the heterogeneity of the steel.N OTE 1—All of the chemical analysis procedures referenced in this document include precision statements with reproducibility data with the exception of Test Methods E50.3.1.1.3product analysis tolerances (Note 2)—a permissible variation over the maximum limit or under the minimum limit of a specified element and applicable only to product analyses,not cast or heat analyses.N OTE 2—The term “analysis tolerance”is often misunderstood.It does not apply to cast or heat analyses determined to show conformance to specified chemical limits.It applies only to product analysis and becomes meaningful only when the heat analysis of an element falls close to one of the specified limits.For example,stainless steel UNS 30400limits for chromium are 18.00to 20.00%.A heat that the producer reported as 18.01%chromium may be found to show 17.80%chromium by a user performing a product analysis.If the product analysis tolerance for such a chromium level is 0.20%,the product analysis of 17.80%chromium would be acceptable.A product analysis of 17.79%would not be acceptable.3.1.1.4proprietary analytical method —a non-standard ana-lytical method,not published by ASTM,utilizing reference standards traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)(when available)or other sources refer-enced in Section 10.3.1.1.5referee analysis —performed using ASTM methods listed in 9.1.1and NIST reference standards or methods and reference standards agreed upon between parties.The selection of a laboratory to perform the referee analysis shall be a matter of agreement between the supplier and the purchaser.3.1.1.6certified reference material —a specimen of material specially prepared,analyzed,and certified for chemical content under the jurisdiction of a recognized standardizing agency or group,such as the National Institute of Standards and Tech-nology,for use by analytical laboratories as an accurate basis for comparison.Reference samples should bear sufficient resemblance to the material to be analyzed so that no signifi-cant differences are required in procedures or corrections (for example,for interferences or inter-element effects).3.1.1.7working reference materials —reference materials used for routine analytical control and traceable to NIST standards and other recognized standards when appropriate standards are available.3.1.2Pertaining to Elements :4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI),25W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,.3.1.2.1intentionally added unspecified element—an ele-ment added in controlled amounts at the option of the producer to obtain desirable characteristics.3.1.2.2residual element—a specified or unspecified ele-ment,not intentionally added,originating in raw materials, refractories,or air.3.1.2.3specified element—an element controlled to a speci-fied range,maximum or minimum,in accordance with the requirements of the product specification.3.1.2.4trace element—a residual element that may occur in very low concentrations,generally less than0.01%.4.Concerning the Specification of Chemical CompositionRequirements4.1It is recommended that Guide E1282be consulted as a guide for specifying the chemical compositions for steels. 4.2The recommended practice for specifying chemical composition limits is to limit the number of significantfigures for each element so that the number offigures to the right of the decimal point conforms to the following:Chemical Concentration Maximum Number of Figures to the Right of the Decimal PointUp to0.010%,incl.—0.XXXX or may be expressed as ppmOver0.010%to0.10%,incl.—0.XXXOver0.10%to3.0%,incl.—0.XXOver3.0%—0.X4.3For those cases in which the composition range spans either0.10%or3.0%,the number offigures to the right of the decimal is to be determined by that indicated by the upper limit.4.4Technical considerations may dictate the employment of less than the number offigures to the right of the decimal as previously recommended.N OTE3—The recommendations should be employed to reduce the number of significantfigures,such as from18.00%to18.0%,but a significantfigure should never be added unless there is a technical reason for so doing.5.Cast or Heat Analysis5.1The producer shall perform analyses for those elements specified in the material specification.The results of such analyses shall conform to the requirements specified in the material specification.5.1.1For multiple heats,either individual heat or cast analysis or an average heat or cast analysis shall be reported.If significant variations in heat or cast size are involved,a weighted average heat or cast analysis,based on the relative quantity of metal in each heat or cast,shall be reported.5.1.2For consumable electrode remelted material,a heat is defined as all the ingots remelted by the same process from a primary heat.The heat analysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot,or the product of one remelted ingot,from each primary melt.If this heat analysis does not meet the heat analysis requirements of the specification,one sample from the product of each remelted ingot shall be analyzed,and the analyses shall meet the heat analysis requirements.5.2If the test samples taken for the heat analysis are lost, inadequate,or not representative of the heat,a product analysis of the semifinished orfinished product may be used to establish the heat analysis.5.2.1If a product analysis is made to establish the heat analysis,the product analysis shall meet the specified limits for heat analysis and the product analysis tolerances described in Section6do not apply.6.Product Analysis Requirements6.1For product analysis,the range of the specified chemical composition is normally greater(designated product analysis tolerances)than that applicable to heat analyses to take into account deviations associated with analytical reproducibility and the heterogeneity of the steel.If several determinations of any element in the heat are made,they may not vary both above and below the specified range.6.2Product analysis tolerances may not be used to deter-mine conformance to the specified heat or cast analysis unless permitted by the individual material specification.6.3Product analysis tolerances,where available,are given in the individual material specifications or in the general requirement specifications.7.Unspecified Elements(Note4)7.1Reporting analyses of unspecified elements is permitted. N OTE4—All commercial metals contain small amounts of various elements in addition to those which are specified.It is neither practical nor necessary to specify limits for every unspecified element that might be present,despite the fact that the presence of many of these elements is often routinely determined by the producer.7.2Analysis limits shall be established for specific elements rather than groups of elements such as“all others,”“rare earths,”and“balance.”8.Sampling8.1Cast or Heat Analyses:8.1.1Samples shall be taken,insofar as possible,during the casting of a heat,at a time which,in the producer’s judgment, best represents the composition of the cast.8.1.2In case the heat analysis samples or analyses are lost or inadequate,or when it is evident that the sample does not truly represent the heat,representative samples may be taken from the semifinished orfinished product,in which case such samples may be analyzed to satisfy the specified requirements. The analysis shall meet the specified limits for heat analysis.8.2Check,Product,or Verification Analyses—Unless oth-erwise specified,the latest revision of Practice E1806shall be used as a guide for sampling.9.Test Methods9.1This section lists some test methods that have been found acceptable for chemical analysis of steels.9.1.1The following ASTM wet chemical test methods have been found acceptable as referee test methods and as a base for standardizing instrumental analysis techniques:TestMethods GeneralDescription --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---E30—antecedent to Test Methods E350through E354E350—the basic wet chemical procedure for steelsE352—wet chemical procedure for tool steelsE353—wet chemical procedure for stainless steelsE354—wet chemical procedure for high nickel steelsE1019—determination of carbon,sulfur,nitrogen,oxygen,and hy-drogen,in steel and in iron,nickel,and cobalt alloys9.1.2The following ASTM instrumental test methods,prac-tices,and guides may be employed for chemical analysis of steels or may be useful as a guide in the calibration and standardization of instrumental equipment for routine sampling and analysis of steels:Standard General DescriptionE50—apparatus,reagents,and safetyE60—photometric and spectrophotometric workE212—spectrographic analysis of steels(rod-to-rod technique)E293—spectrographic analysis of acid-soluble aluminumE322—x-rayfluorescence for steelsE327—spectrometric analysis of stainless steelsE404—spectrographic determination of steels for boron(point-to-plane technique)E415—vacuum spectrometric analysis of steelsE421—spectrographic determination of silicon and aluminum inhigh-purity ironE485—optical emission vacuum spectrometric analysis of blastfurnace iron by the point-to plane techniqueE572—x-ray emission spectrometric analysis of stainless steelsE663—flame atomic absorptionE882—accountability and quality controlE1019—determination of carbon,sulfur,nitrogen,oxygen,and hy-drogen in steel and in iron,nickel,and cobalt alloysE1024—flame atomic absorptionE1063—x-ray emission spectrometric determination of cerium andlathanum in carbon and low-alloy steelsE1085—x-ray emission spectrometric analysis of low alloy steelsE1086—optical emission vacuum spectrometric analysis of stain-less steel by the point-to plane excitation techniqueE1097—direct current plasma spectroscopyE1184—graphite furnace atomic absorptionE1282—selecting sampling practices and analysis methodsE1329—verification and use of control chartsE1806—sampling9.2The following are some of the commonly accepted techniques employed for routine chemical analysis of steels. These routine analyses are the basis for the producers’quality control/assurance programs.Proprietary methods are permis-sible provided the results are equivalent to those obtained from standard methods when applicable.9.2.1Analysis of stainless steels using x-rayfluorescence spectroscopy(XRF).See Table1for normal elements and ranges for stainless steels.9.2.2Analysis of stainless steels using spark emission spectroscopy(OES).See Table2for normal elements and ranges for stainless steels.9.2.3Analysis of solutions using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.9.2.4Analysis of solutions using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer.9.2.5Determination of carbon or sulfur,or both,by com-bustion(in oxygen)and measurement of CO2or SO2,or both, by thermal conductivity or infrared detectors.Element Ranges%Element Ranges%C0.002–5.0S0.0005–0.19.2.6Determination of nitrogen and oxygen by fusion(in a helium atmosphere)and measurement of N2by thermal con-ductivity and oxygen by measurement of CO by infrared or thermal conductivity detectors.Element Ranges%N20.0005–0.3O20.0008–0.029.2.7Analysis of solutions using inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy(ICP)or direct plasma emission spectroscopy(DCP).Normal elements and ranges for stainless steels are as follows:Element Ranges%B0.0002–0.01Ca0.0002–0.01Mg0.0002–0.01Ce0.001–0.2Zr0.001–0.1Ta0.005–0.5La0.001–0.019.3There are additional common techniques often used for chemical analysis of standards for instrument analysis such as: polarographic analysis,ion exchange separations,radioactiva-tion,and mass spectrometry.10.Reference Materials10.1For referee analyses,reference standards of a recog-nized standardizing agency shall be employed with preference given to NIST standard reference materials when applicable. (NIST does not produce reference standards suitable for all elements or all alloys.5)10.1.1When standard reference materials for certain alloys are not available from NIST,reference materials may be produced by employing ASTM standard procedures and NIST standard reference materials to the extent that such procedures and reference standards are available.Several independent 5Some sources of reference materials are listed in ASTM Data Series Publication No.DS2,issued1963.TABLE1Normal Elements and Ranges for Stainless Steels Using X-Ray Fluorescence SpectroscopyTABLE2Normal Elements and Ranges for Stainless Steels Using Spark Emission SpectroscopyC0.004–5.0V0.005–2.0S0.0005–0.1Ti0.005–2.5N20.0020–0.3Co0.005–4.0MN0.005–15.0Sn0.001–0.20P0.001–1.5W0.005–3.0Si0.005–5.0Pb0.002–0.05Cr0.01–26.0B0.0005–0.05Ni0.01–36.0Ca0.0002–0.01Al0.001–5.5Mg0.001–0.01Mo0.005–8.0Ce0.001–0.2Cu0.005–4.0Zr0.001–0.1Cb0.005–3.0Ta0.005–0.5laboratories should be used for certification of these standards and their results statistically reviewed and merged.10.1.2Methods not published by ASTM such as a definitive analytical method may be used when the method is validated by analyzing certified reference materials along with the candidate reference material.Examples of definitive analytical methods include gravimetric,coulometry,titrimetric based on normality,and mass spectrometry.10.2Working reference materials may be used for routine analytical control.11.Significant Numbers11.1Laboratories shall report each element to the same number of significant numbers as used in the pertinent material specifications.11.2When a chemical determination yields a greater num-ber of significant numbers than is specified for an element,the result shall be rounded in accordance with Section12.12.Rounding Procedure12.1To determine conformance with the specification re-quirements,an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded in accordance with Practice E29to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of values listed in the table of chemical requirements.12.2In the special case of rounding the number“5”when no additional numbers other than“0”follow the“5”,rounding shall be done in the direction of the specification analysis limits if following Practice E29would cause rejection of material.13.Records13.1In addition to the test data requested,the test records shall contain the following information as appropriate:13.1.1Description of the material tested,for example,heat number,grade of material,product specification.13.1.2Test method(s)or unambiguous description of the nonstandard method(s)used.14.Keywords14.1cast analysis;chemical analysis;heat analysis;product analysis;reference materialsAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1.QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR V ALIDITY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTSX1.1The requirements embodied in Guide E548,ISO/ IEC17025,and E851provide generic requirements for pro-duction of valid chemical-analysis results.X1.2Additional pertinent standards for improving the competency of chemical analysis laboratories are included in Guides E743and E882.X1.3Keys to improving validity of chemical analytical results are as follows:X1.3.1Replication of sampling and testing to improve the precision of results;X1.3.2Use of reference materials is crucial to accurate results;X1.3.3Instrumentation that is appropriate and properly maintained;andX1.3.4Personnel who are properly trained,ethical chemists or technicians and who work with properly documented, currentstandards. --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A751–08) that may impact the use of this standard.(Approved November1,2011.)(1)Added Practice E1806to Section2and9.1.2.(2)Replaced Practice E59with Practice E1806in8.2.(3)Removed Practice E59,Method E403,and Practice E1087from Section2,as well as Method E403and Practice E1087 from9.1.2.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed everyfive years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959, United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@(e-mail);or through the ASTM website ().Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website(/COPYRIGHT/).--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---。
ASTM SA 751-2010
SA-751-2010钢制品化学分析方法、实验操作和术语（除表1和表2中元素符号有编辑性修正外，与ASTM标准A751-01（R06）完全等同。
）序言本标准的制定意在回答需要有一份获取和报告钢、不锈钢和有关合金的化学分析，包括各个方面的唯一文件。
如术语的定义和成品（校核）分析偏差（公差）一类题目要求的解释。
而对于取样、符合规定的限制和数据处理上的要求，已制定的产品标准中通常并不很清楚。
本标准打算包含对于测定钢、不锈钢和相关合金的化学成分的所有要求，从而产品标准将只需要包括特殊的修正和例外。
1、范围1.1 本标准包括钢、不锈钢和同类合金化学分析有关的定义、参考方法、实验操作和指南，也包括湿法化学分析和仪器分析技术。
1.2 对处理化学成分要求、产品分析、剩余元素和参考标准，并对化学分析数据的处理和报告都提供了指导。
1.3 本标准只适用于那些把本标准或其一部分作为要求的产品标准。
1.4 在有争议的情况下，产品标准的要求优先于本标准的要求。
1.5 当需要评定实验室的准则资料时，请参阅使用规程A880。
1.6 本标准无意论述与使用本标准有关的所有安全问题。
本标准的使用者有责任在使用之前制定适当的安全卫生规程和确定这种管理限制的使用范围。
2、引用标准2.1 ASTM标准A 880 评定检验和检查钢、不锈钢和同类合金的实验室和机构所用准则的实用规程E 29 为确定与标准的一致性，实验数据中取有效位数的实用规程E 30 钢、铸铁、平炉铁和熟铁的化学分析方法E 50 金属化学分析用仪器、试剂和安全预防措施的实用规程E 59 测定化学成分用钢和铁的取样方法E 60 金属化学分析用光度和分光光度测量方法的实用规程1E 212 用杆对杆技术作碳钢和低合金钢光谱分析的试验方法E 293 采用溶解技术测定低合金钢中酸溶铝的光谱测定试验方法E 322 低合金钢和铸铁的X射线发射光谱分析的试验方法E 327 用点对面技术作18-8型不锈钢光发射光谱分析的试验方法E 350 碳钢、低合金钢、硅电工钢、工业纯铁和熟铁的化学分析方法E 352 工具钢和其他类似中高合金钢的化学分析方法E 353 不锈钢、耐热钢、马氏体时效钢和其他类似铬-镍-铁合金的化学分析方法E 354 高温、电工、磁性和其他类似用途的铁、镍和钴合金的化学分析方法E 403 用点对面技术作碳钢和低合金钢光发射光谱分析的试验方法E 404 用点对面技术作碳钢和低合金钢中硼的光谱测定用试验方法E 415 碳钢和低合金钢真空光发射光谱分析方法E 421 高纯铁中硅和铝的光谱测定用试验方法E 485 用点对面技术作高炉生铁真空光发射光谱分析的试验方法E 548 评定实验室技能用的通用准则指南E 572 不锈钢X射线发射光谱分析方法E 663 火焰原子吸收分析用的使用规程E 743 光谱化学实验室质量保证用导则E 851 评定光谱化学实验室实用规程E 882 化学分析实验室的责任和质量控制导则E 1019 测定钢、铁、镍和钴合金中碳、硫、氮、氧和氢的方法E 1024 用火焰原子吸收分光光度技术作金属和金属载体矿物化学分析导则E 1063 以X射线发射光谱测定碳钢和低合金钢中铈和镧的试验方法E 1086 用点对面激发技术作不锈钢真空光发射光谱分析的试验方法E 1087 为制备作发射光谱化学分析用试样用浸没取样器从钢包中取熔化钢水样品的实用规程E 1097 直流等离子体发射光谱分析导则E 1184 电热（石墨炉）原子吸收分析的实用规程E 1282 规定金属和合金的化学成分、选取试样操作和定量分析方法的导则2E 1329 光谱化学分析控制图表的验证及其使用的实用规程3、术语3.1 定义3.1.1 与分析有关的：3.1.1.1 浇铸或熔炼（以前称包样）分析——向采购方提供的代表一炉钢化学成分的报告并通过分析试样测定，对于标准中指定的元素最好在浇铸过程中取样。
API 5L引用标准清单
API 5L引用标准序号标准号标准名称1ISO148-1《金属材料-夏比摆锤冲击试验-第1部分：试验方法》2ISO404《钢和钢产品-一般交货技术条件》3ISO2566-1《钢-伸长率换算-第1部分：碳钢和低合金钢》4ISO4885《钢铁产品-热处理-词汇》5ISO5173第3版《金属材料焊缝破坏性试验-弯曲试验》6ISO6506《（全部）金属材料-布氏硬度试验》7ISO6507《（全部）金属材料-维氏硬度试验》8ISO6508《（金属材料）- 洛氏硬度试验》9ISO6892-1《金属材料-拉伸试验-第1部分：室温试验方法》10ISO6929《钢产品-定义和分类》11ISO7438《金属材料-弯曲试验》12ISO7539-2《金属和合金腐蚀-应力腐蚀试验-第2部分：弯梁试样制备和使用》13ISO8491《金属材料-管（全截面）-弯曲试验》14ISO8492《金属材料-管-压扁试验》15ISO8501-1《涂覆涂料前钢板表面处理 表面清洁度的目视评定 第1部分：未涂覆过的钢材表面和全部清除原有涂层后的钢材表面的锈蚀等级和处理等级》16ISO9712《无损检测-人员资质和评定》17ISO/TR9769《钢和铁-现有分析方法评价》18ISO/TR10400(APITR5C3)《石油天然气工业-套管、油管、钻杆和用作套管和油管的管线管性能公式和计算》19ISO10474:1991《钢和钢产品-检验文件》20ISO10893-2《钢管无损检测-第2部分：无缝钢管和焊接（埋弧焊除外）钢管缺欠的自动涡流检测》21ISO10893-3《钢管无损检测-第3部分：无缝铁磁钢管和焊接（埋弧焊除外）铁磁钢管纵向缺欠和/或横向缺欠的自动全周向漏磁检测》22ISO10893-4《钢管无损检测-第4部分：焊接钢管焊缝表面缺欠的液体渗透检验》23ISO10893-5《钢管无损检测-第5部分：无缝钢管和焊接钢管表面缺欠的磁粉检验》24ISO10893-6《钢管无损检测-第6部分：焊接钢管焊缝缺欠的射线检验》25ISO10893-7《钢管无损检测-第7部分：焊接钢管焊缝缺欠的射线数字检验》26ISO10893-8《钢管无损检测-第8部分：无缝钢管和焊接钢管分层缺欠的自动超声检测》27ISO10893-9《钢管无损检测-第9部分：焊接钢管制造用钢带/钢板分层缺欠的自动超声检测 》28ISO10893-10《钢管无损检测-第10部分：无缝钢管和焊接（埋弧焊除外）钢管纵向和/或横向缺欠的自动全周向超声检测》29ISO10893-11《钢管无损检测-第11部分：焊接钢管焊缝纵向和/或横向缺欠的自动超声检测》30ISO10893-12《钢管无损检测-第12部分：无缝钢管和焊接（埋弧焊除外）钢管的自动全周向超声壁厚检测》31ISO11484《钢产品-无损检验（NDT）人员的雇主评定体系》32ISO11699-1:2008《无损检测-工业射线检验胶片-第1部分：工业射线检验胶片系统分类》33ISO12135《金属材料-准静态断裂韧度的统一试验方法》34ISO13678《石油和天然气工业-套管、油管和管线钢管螺纹脂的评估和试验》35ISO14284《钢和铁-化学成分试验试样的取样和制备》36ISO19232-1:2004《无损检测 射线照相底片像质 第1部分：线型像质计 像质指数的测定》37ISO80000-1:2009/COR1:2001《量和单位-第1部分：总则》38API SPEC 5B《套管、油管和管线管螺纹的加工、测量和检验规范（美国惯用单位制）》39API RP 5A3《套管、油管和管线钢管用螺纹脂的推荐作法》40API RP 5L3《管线钢管落锤撕裂试验推荐作法》41API TR 5T1《缺欠术语》42ASNT SNT -TC-1A《SNT-TC-1A推荐作法-无损检测》43ASTM A370《钢产品力学性能试验的标准试验方法和定义》44ASTM A435《钢板直射法超声检验规范》45ASTM A578《特殊用途用普通钢板和复合钢板直射法超声检验标准规范》46ASTM A751《钢产品化学分析用标准试验方法、作法和术语》47ASTM A941《钢、不锈钢、合金和铁合金术语》48ASTM A956《钢产品里氏硬度标准试验方法》49ASTM A1038《超声波接触阻抗法便携式硬度仪测试硬度的标准作法》50ASTM E18《金属材料洛氏硬度和洛氏表面硬度标准试验方法》51ASTM E94《射线检验标准指南》52ASTM E110《便携式硬度仪测试金属材料压痕硬度的标准方法》53ASTM E114《接触式超声脉冲回波直射法检验的标准作法》54ASTM E164《焊接件的接触式超声检测标准作法》55ASTM E165《液体渗透标准试验方法》56ASTM E213《金属管超声检验标准作法》57ASTM E273《焊管焊接区域超声检测标准作法》58ASTM E309《钢管产品磁饱和涡流检验标准作法》59ASTM E384《金属材料努氏硬度和维氏硬度标准试验方法》60ASTM E570《铁磁性钢管产品漏磁检验标准作法》61ASTM E587《接触式超声斜射法检测标准作法》62ASTM E709《磁粉检验标准指南》63ASTM E747《射线检验用线型像质计（IQI）的设计、制造和材料组分类标准作法》64ASTM E1290《裂纹尖端张开位移（CTOD）断裂韧性测量的标准试验方法》65ASTM E1806《钢铁化学成分检验用试样的取样方法》66ASTM E1815-08《工业射线检验胶片系统分类的标准试验方法》67ASTM E2033《计算机射线检测标准作法（光敏发光法）》68ASTM E2698《用数字检测器阵列进行射线检测的标准作法》69ASTM G39《弯曲梁应力腐蚀试验试样制备和使用的标准方法》70BS 7448-1《断裂韧性试验-确定金属材料KIc、临界CTOD、临界J值的方法》71EN 10168《钢产品-检验文件-信息和描述表》72EN 10204:2004《金属产品-检查文件类型》73NACE TM0177:2005《金属在H2S环境中抗硫化物应力开裂和应力腐蚀开裂的实验室试验》74NACE TM0284:2003《标准试验方法-管线钢和压力容器钢抗氢致开裂评估》。