Evaluation of Soil Fertility Under Different Cupressus chengiana Forests Using Multivariate Appr
黄淮海平原农区农用地土壤肥力评价及时空变化特征——以山东省博兴县为例
Spatiotemporal characteristics of soil nutrients and fertility evaluation of agricultural land in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain agricultural area ：A case study of Boxing County,Shandong ProvinceLI Yinghui 1,JIANG Xiaosan 1,2*（1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;2.Taizhou Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University,Taizhou 225311,China ）Abstract ：In modern agricultural production,with changes in land use patterns,fertilization patterns,and management measures,soil fertility has significantly changed.Affected by factors such as soil type,topography,climate,and organisms,soil fertility conditions are also quite different.Therefore,studying the changes in arable land soil fertility in recent years,as well as identifying the affecting factors of soilfertility could provide a basis for precise soil fertilization and fine soil management.In this study,we selected the soil fertility data ofBoxing County,Shandong Province in 2007and 2020,used geostatistics and index sum methods to comprehensively evaluate soil fertility,and explored the distribution characteristics of soil fertility in time and space.The results showed that,compared with 2007,the organic matter and the available potassium contents of the soil in Boxing County increased in 2020from 15.13g·kg -1to 17.48g·kg -1and from 164.73mg·kg -1to 242.80mg·kg -1,respectively.Moreover,the content of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus decreased from 103.20mg·kg -1to 84.73mg·kg -1and from 39.07mg·kg -1to 24.99mg·kg -1,respectively.Finally,the soil pH value increased from7.79to 8.28.The soil fertility level in the area proportion of Grade Ⅰ,Grade Ⅲ,and Grade Ⅴlands decreased by 13.62,4.14,and 0.99percentage point respectively.The area proportion of Grade Ⅱland increased by 17.78percentage point,and the area of Grade Ⅳland remained basically unchanged.In conclusion,the changes of soil fertility in Boxing County from 2007to 2020have been affected bysoil types and human activity.In agricultural production,effective fertilization methods and management model should be adopted based on the reference soil background value to improve soil fertility.Keywords ：soil fertility;spatiotemporal change;agricultural land;soil fertility evaluation黄淮海平原农区农用地土壤肥力评价及时空变化特征——以山东省博兴县为例李颖慧1，姜小三1，2*（1.南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院，南京210095；2.南京农业大学泰州研究院，江苏泰州225311）收稿日期：2021-02-17录用日期：2021-04-19作者简介：李颖慧（1994—），女，河南信阳人，硕士研究生，主要研究土壤质量评价。
碳基土壤调理剂对云南热区植烟土壤培肥及烤烟产质量效果研究
西"农业学&2021年34卷1期100Southwest China Journal of Ag/cuOuml Sciences Vol.34No.1文章编号：1001-4829(2021)1-0100-06DOI：10.16213/ki.scjas.2021.1.015碳基土壤调理剂对云南热区植烟土壤培肥及烤烟产质量效果研究闫辉1，宋鹏飞2,李枝武t倪明1，付斌1,王炽1,赵新梅1,陈拾华1,陈兴位1*，李志勇1(1•云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，云南昆明650205；2-云南中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心，云南昆明650231)摘要：【目的】有机培肥是改善土壤质量和提高作物养分利用效率的有效措施，本研究为筛选适合云南热区紫色土培肥的碳基调理剂。
【方法】设置田间试验研究不同生物质碳基调理剂对热区土壤养分特征，烤烟生物量、烤烟吸氮量、烤烟农艺性状及产质量的影响。
【结果】施用碳基土壤调理剂能有效补充土壤有机质,保持较高土壤氮素供应水平，促进烤烟对氮的吸收效率，增加生物量累积$T1调理剂比常规处理提高上等烟比例8.64%、烟叶产量6.24%$【结论】综合土壤肥力和烟叶产质量，配施低碳氮比的T1碳基土壤调理剂对热区紫色土的改良效果最佳$关键词：碳基土壤调理剂；热区；土壤培肥中图分类号:S572文献标识码:AEffects of Cadon-based Sod Conditioners Application on Sod Fertilityand Tobacco Yield and Quality id Tropical Area of Yunnan ProvinceYAN Hui1%SONG Peng庚i2%LI乙心二小%NI Ming1，/U Bin1%WANG Chi1%ZHAO Xin-mei1%CHEN Shi-hua1%CHEN Xing-wei1*%LI乙小甲-/(1.Ag/cultural Resources&Environment InstiOW,Yunnan Academy of Ag/culturai Sciences,Yunnan Kunming650205,China；2-Research and Development Center,China Tobacco Yunnan IndusOial Co.,Ltd-,Yunnan Kunming650231,China)Abstract:【Objective]Applying oryanic material to the soil is the principal way to increase soil fertility-Four kinds of carbon-based soil conditioners were chosen to study the eVects of purple soil feOilization in the Oopical area of Yunnan province.【Method]The field experiments weeeca e i ed outtoineestigatethee e e ctsoesoienuteientchaeacteeisticsin teopicaeaeeaon ceopsbioma s,niteogen uptake,ageonomicchaeac-tea,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco-【Results] Carbon-based soil conditionea could supplement the content of soil oryanic matter, maintain ahigh eeeeeoesoieniteogen suppey,peomotetheniteogen absoeption e e i ciencyoeeeue-cueed tobaccoand inceeasebioma s paeed with coneentionaeteeatment,T1inceeased thepeopoetion oetopped tobacco by8.64%and theyieed o etobacco eea eby6.24 %-【Conclusion]Comprehensive soil feOility,tobacco yield and quality,combined with a low carbon-nitrogen ratio,T1carbon-based soil conditioneehad thebestimpeoeemente e e cton puepeesoiein hotaeeas.Key words:Carbon-based soil conditioner；Tropical area;Soi l feOilization【研究意义］云南省地处中国西南边陲,处于热带至亚热带的过渡带，热区零星分布于15个州/市,面积近8万km2,占全省总面积的20%［1］&受纬度地带性、海拔地带性和河谷非地带性的交互影响［2］，云南热区分为干热河谷区和湿热雨林区。
区域土壤重金属空间分布驱动因子影响力比较案例分析
ＣＨＥＮ Ｙｕｎｗｅｉꎬ ＷＡＮＧ Ｗｅｎｊｉｅꎬ ＳＨＩ Ｈｕａｄｉｎｇꎬ ＷＡＮＧ Ｍｉｎｇｈａｏꎬ ＸＵ Ｃｈａｏ∗
Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ Ａｃａｄｅｍｙ ｏｆ Ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌ Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓꎬ Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ １０００１２ꎬ Ｃｈｉｎａ
Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ: Ｔｈｅ ｓｐａｔｉａｌ ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｓｏｉｌ ｈｅａｖｙ ｍｅｔａｌｓ ｉｓ ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｄ ｂｙ ｎａｔｕｒａｌ ａｎｄ ｈｕｍａｎ ｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ. Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅｓｅ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ ｉｓ ｏｆ ｇｒｅａｔ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅ ｆｏｒ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓꎬ ｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｓｐａｔｉａｌ ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ ｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓ ｏｆ ｈｅａｖｙ ｍｅｔａｌｓ ｉｎ ｓｏｉｌ. Ｔｏ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ ｔｈｅ ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ ｏｆ ｖａｒｉｏｕｓ ｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｐａｔｉａｌ ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｈｅａｖｙ ｍｅｔａｌ ｉｎ ｓｏｉｌ ｕｎｄｅｒ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｂａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄ ｏｆ ｎａｔｕｒａｌ ａｎｄ ｈｕｍａｎ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓꎬ ａｎｄ ｔｏ ｆｉｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｈｉｇｈ￣ｉｍｐａｃｔ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ ｕｎｄｅｒ ｈｅｔｅｒｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓ ｂａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄｓꎬ Ａｎｓｈｕｎ Ｃｉｔｙ ａｎｄ Ｈｕｌｕｄａｏ Ｃｉｔｙꎬ ｗｈｉｃｈ ａｒｅ ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｈｉｇｈ ｂａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄ ｖａｌｕｅ ｏｆ ｈｅａｖｙ ｍｅｔａｌｓ ａｎｄ ｈｉｇｈ ｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｈｕｍａｎ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙꎬ ｗｅｒｅ ｃｈｏｓｅｎ ａｓ ｔｈｅ ｓｔｕｄｙ ａｒｅａ. Ｔｈｅ ｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ ｐＨꎬ ａｎｎｕａｌ ｇｒｏｕｎｄ ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅꎬ ａｎｎｕａｌ ｇｒｏｕｎｄ ｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎ (０８:００) ꎬ ｅｌｅｖａｔｉｏｎꎬ ｓｌｏｐｅꎬ ｎｉｇｈｔ￣ｔｉｍｅ ｌｉｇｈｔ ｉｎｄｅｘ ａｎｄ ＧＤＰ ｗｅｒｅ ｔａｋｅｎ ｉｎｔｏ ａｃｃｏｕｎｔ. Ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ ｇｅｏｄｅｔｅｃｔｏｒ ａｎｄ ｒａｎｄｏｍ ｆｏｒｅｓｔｓ ｗｅｒｅ ａｄｏｐｔｅｄ ｔｏ ａｎａｌｙｚｅ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌ ａｎｄ ｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｖｅ ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｐａｔｉａｌ ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ａｓꎬ Ｃｄꎬ Ｃｒꎬ Ｈｇ ａｎｄ Ｐｂ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｔｙｐｉｃａｌ ｒｅｇｉｏｎｓ. Ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｍｅａｎ ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｅａｃｈ ｈｅａｖｙ ｍｅｔａｌ ｉｎ Ａｎｓｈｕｎ Ｃｉｔｙ ｗａｓ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｔｈａｎ Ｈｕｌｕｄａｏ Ｃｉｔｙꎬ ｂｕｔ ｔｈｅ ｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｐｂ ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎ ｗａｓ ｎｏｔ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ. Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ａｖｅｒａｇｅ ｓａｍｐｌｉｎｇ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ｏｆ １０ ｋｍꎬ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｎａｔｕｒａｌ ｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ ｗａｓ ｓｔｒｏｎｇｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｈｕｍａｎ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｔｙｐｉｃａｌ ｒｅｇｉｏｎｓ. Ｓｏｉｌ ｐＨꎬ ｅｌｅｖａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ＧＤＰ ｗｅｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｓｔｒｏｎｇｅｓｔ ｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ ｔｈａｔ ｇｒｅａｔｌｙ ａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｓｐａｔｉａｌ ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｈｅａｖｙ ｍｅｔａｌｓ ｉｎ ｓｏｉｌ ａｍｏｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄ ７ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ. Ｍｅａｎｗｈｉｌｅꎬ ｔｈｅｙ ｗｅｒｅ ｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙ ｓｔａｂｌｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｈｅｔｅｒｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓ ｂａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄｓꎬ ａｎｄ ｗｅｒｅ ｓｕｉｔａｂｌｅ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｕｓｅｄ ａｓ ｔｈｅ ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ ｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅ ｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒ ｒｅｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ｍｏｄｅｌ ｆｏｒ ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｎｇ ｈｅａｖｙ ｍｅｔａｌ ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓ ｉｎ ｓｏｉｌｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｔｕｄｙ ａｒｅａ. Ｔｈｅ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｇｅｏｄｅｔｅｃｔｏｒ ｃａｎ ｂｅ ｕｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｅ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｐａｔｉａｌ ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｈｅａｖｙ ｍｅｔａｌ ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓ ｉｎ ｓｏｉｌ. Ｍｏｒｅｏｖｅｒꎬ ｉｔ ｉｓ ｕｓｅｆｕｌ ｔｏ ｓｅｌｅｃｔ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ ｖａｒｉａｂｌｅｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓ ｔｏ ｐｒｅｄｉｃｔ ｈｅａｖｙ ｍｅｔａｌ ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓ. Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ: ｓｏｉｌ ｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎꎻ ｈｅａｖｙ ｍｅｔａｌｓꎻ ｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ ｆａｃｔｏｒꎻ ｇｅｏｄｅｔｅｃｔｏｒꎻ ｒａｎｄｏｍ ｆｏｒｅｓｔｓ ｍｏｄｅｌ
土壤肥力评价方法探讨_刘洪鹄
二级分类
土壤结构 、水 、热 、 通气性和机械阻力
大量元素 中量元素 微量元素
三级分类 颗粒组成 、孔隙度、容重 、团聚体数量和稳定性 、机械强度 、土层厚 度 、渗透率 、田间持水量 、土壤持水特性 、土温变幅 、土壤氧扩散率 N , P, K Ca, Mg , S Mn , B, Cu , Zn , Fe, Mo
Warkentin 和 Fletcher(1977)建议定义土壤质量的 等 , 2006)。如果能反映出土壤肥力 , 选择的指标越
概念 。土壤质量(soil quality)是土壤支撑粮食生产所 少越好 。 最小数据库中的指标必须满足下列条件 :
需的肥力高低 ;也是容纳 、吸收 、降解和自净环境污染 物质能力的强弱 , 以及促进人与动植物健康能力大小
评价土壤肥力需要确定土壤指标与土壤功能的
物质来看 , 土壤主要供给作物氮 、磷 、钾 、硫 、铁 、镁等 11 种营养物质 。土壤环境的好坏会直接关系到作物 吸收养分 、水分的通量 。中国土壤种类众多 , 为了能 够正确反映各土类的肥力大小 , 须选择合适的土壤肥 力评价方法 。 本文总结国内外本方面的研究 , 提供评 价土壤肥力的流程与方法 , 可为其它研究者在研究土 壤肥力提供一定的帮助 。
关系 。Do ran 和 Parkin (1994)列出了土壤指标与土 壤功能之间的关系(表 1), 不同的土壤指标可反应 不同的土壤功能 。通过一系列的土壤指标体系 , 从 不同角度评价不同的土壤功能 。 影响土壤质量的因 素很多 , 除了土壤过程以外 , 还包括耕作措施 、种植 制度 、流域管理政策(如开垦荒地 、城镇化)和区域差 异等 。 土壤质量评价是当代研究的热点和难点问题 之一 。
①反映支持根系生长的能力 ;②反映向作物输送水 分和空气的能力 ;③反映向作物生长提供养分的能
我国耕地地力评价研究进展
我国耕地地力评价研究进展一、本文概述Overview of this article随着我国农业生产的快速发展和耕地资源的日益紧张，耕地地力评价研究逐渐成为农业科学研究的重要领域。
耕地地力评价是对耕地质量状况进行科学评估的过程，旨在明确耕地资源的优劣、生产潜力和可持续利用性，为农业生产和土地管理提供决策支持。
本文旨在综述我国耕地地力评价研究的进展，分析现有研究成果和存在的问题，以期为我国耕地资源的科学管理和可持续利用提供参考。
With the rapid development of agricultural production and the increasing scarcity of arable land resources in our country, the evaluation of arable land fertility has gradually become an important field of agricultural scientific research. The evaluation of cultivated land fertility is a scientific process of evaluating the quality of cultivated land, aiming to clarify the advantages and disadvantages, production potential, and sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources, and provide decision-making support for agricultural productionand land management. This article aims to review the progress of research on land fertility evaluation in China, analyze existing research achievements and problems, and provide reference for the scientific management and sustainable utilization of arable land resources in China.文章将首先回顾我国耕地地力评价研究的发展历程，梳理国内外相关研究成果和进展。
稀土矿迹地周边农田土壤重金属生态风险评价
数法评价该区域重金背景值 ２．１２ 倍、１．４７ 倍，Ｐｂ 的
土壤样品中有 ６４％ 超过重金属风险筛选值。由单因子污染指数可知，Ｐｂ 属中等污染，Ｃｄ 属轻污染，Ｈｇ 属警戒线污染，
Ｃｕ、Ｃｒ、Ａｓ 属安全等级 ；由内梅罗综合污染指数可知，土壤整体属于轻度污染水平。通过 Ｈａｋａｎｓｏｎ 潜在生态风险评价
冶炼是农田土壤重金属的一个重要来源，采矿过程中带来的 “三废”会通过多种途径进入农田造成土壤重金属污染 [4]。湛 天丽等 [5] 对贵州万山汞矿区某农田重金属的污染特征进行
研究，发现该区农田土壤重金属重度污染，生态风险强，Hg 是污染主要来源。
稀土矿在采集过程中因开采工艺及管理落后会产生更 多生态环境污染问题 [6]。比如原地浸矿后堆放的尾砂易通过 雨水冲刷和阳光曝晒等自然作用使重金属释放到周边土壤 中 [7]。
离子型稀土矿开采过程中会产生大量酸性工艺废水，这 些废水流入水体中也会严重影响水环境。张塞等 [8] 对赣南某 稀土矿区周边农田进行采样分析，可知 Cd、Pb 地累积程度 及生态风险水平较高，分别是江西省土壤背景值的 1.72 倍 和 2.14 倍。广东省英德市拥有丰富的稀土资源，近年来稀土 开采引发的环境问题引起了社会广泛关注。目前关于英德稀 土矿迹周边农田金属污染、人体暴露于土壤重金属的生态健 康风险等方面的相关研究尚未发现。本研究选取了稀土矿迹 地周边的英德白沙镇门洞村农田土壤为研究对象，通过野外 调查与实验，对农田土壤重金属污染状况进行评价，以期为
根据白沙镇稀土开采及农田分布的实际情况，于 2019 年 7 月围绕白沙镇稀土矿点附近的农田进行采样。本次采样 共 15 个样地，每个样地采样 3 层，最终 15 个样地共获取 45 个土样。
采样按《土壤环境检测技术规范》（HJ/T166-2004）使 用剖面、钻孔、探槽三种方式进行取样。每个样地的采样深 度为 0~30cm、30cm~60cm 和 60cm~100cm。送去实验室 时分别对三层土壤的重金属含量进行测算，但最终分析使用 三层土壤的重金属平均值进行分析。 1.3 评价方法 1.3.1 污染指数评价法
基于土壤重金属污染因素的耕地质量评价修正——以深圳市为例
生态系统、维护人体健康所制订的土壤中污染物在一 定的时间和空间范围内容许含量值，根据《土壤环境 质量标准》（GB 15618—1995），农用地土壤环境质 量评价标准值见表1[15]。
单项指标污染等级划分为清洁、轻度污染、中度 污染和重度污染四级，具体划分方法见表2。
的。因此把耕地土壤重金属污染状况加入到耕地质 1.1.2 内梅罗综合污染指数
收稿日期：2018-02-26；修回日期：2018-03-12 ▲ 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目“新媒体语境下的地图范式设计与参与式制图方法”（41571438） ▲ 作者简介：林勇军（1985—），男，江西省永新县人，深圳市规划国土发展研究中心高级工程师，理学硕士，研究方向：土地资源管理和地理信 息系统。
LIN Yongjun, LUO Ganghui, QIAN Jing (Shenzhen Urban Planning and Land Resource Research Center, Shenzhen Guangdong 518034, China)
Abstract: On the basis of the evaluation system of farmland classification regulations, we considered comprehensively soil heavy metal pollution factors to set the modification subsection model of cultivated land quality according to the degree of farmland soil pollution. So, the degree of pollution is different and the revision range is different. We revised the existing evaluation results of cultivated land quality through detection and analysis of soil heavy metal pollution of 16 cultivated land sampling points within Shenzhen. Our research has achieved a better expected effect. Key words: cultivated land quality; soil heavy metal pollution; quality evaluation; modification; Shenzhen
长期施用磷肥和污泥对土壤剖面重金属积累和小麦吸收重金属的影响
单位代码：10019 学 号：S13020284
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长期施用磷肥和污泥对土壤剖面重金属积累
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和小麦吸收重金属的影响
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The effect of heavy metals accumulation in soil profiles and
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2. The concentration of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb in 0~15cm soil profile increased significantly under four years sludge application, and the concentration of Cu and Zn in other soil profiles also increased significantly after high quantity of sludge application. In addition, the concentration of Cu and Zn in four soil profiles also increased gradually with the prolongation of time. The concentration of Zn in 0~15cm soil profile was higher than Standard of soil environment quanlity after high quantity sludge application.Though computing and analyzing, after four years sludge application the ratio of accumulation to input of Cu in 0~15cm, 15~30cm, and 30~60cm soil profiles are 61.9%~75.3%, 8.96%~22.0%, and 31.3%~41.6% respectively; the ratio of accumulation to input of Zn in 0~15cm, 15~30cm, and 30~60cm soil profiles are 77.3%~85.9%, 11.4%~22.8%, and -0.886%~12.1% respectively. The concentration of Cd in 0~15cm soil profile increased after four-year phosphate fertilizer, but there was no significantly change about concentration of Cu, Zn, Cr, As, and Pb in different soil profiles. 3. The concentration of DTPA-extractable Cu, Zn in 0~15cm soil profile and Cu in 15~30cm soil profile increased significantly under four years sludge application, and the concentration of DTPA-extractable Zn in 15~30cm and 30~60cm soil profiles also increasd after high quantity of sludge application. Though computing and analyzing, after four years sludge application the extraction rate of DTPA-extractable Cu in 0~15cm and 15~30cm soil profiles were 10.8%~15.4%, 7.60%~8.24% respectively , and the extraction rate of DTPA-extractable Zn in 0~15cm, 15~30cm, and 30~60cm soil
土壤中总磷测定的不确定度评定
土壤中总磷测定的不确定度评定作者：郭晶晶王岚云来源：《现代农业科技》2015年第20期摘要对土壤总磷测定的不确定度进行了研究，探讨了评定方法，建立了数学模型，明确了测量不确定度的来源（主要由绘制标准曲线系列、样品测定重复性、液体转移、仪器等方面引入），得出了土壤总磷含量的标准不确定度和扩展不确定度，应采取相应措施（如选择精度高的量器，提高仪器灵敏度，增加样品测定次数等），尽可能降低测量不确定度，保证数据的可靠性。
关键词土壤；总磷；不确定度评定中图分类号 S151.9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2015）20-0155-02Evaluation of Uncertainty in Soil-Determination of Total PhosphorusGUO Jing-jing WANG Lan-yun（Tianjin Environmental Monitoring Center，Tianjin 300191）Abstract This paper studied the evaluation of uncertainty in soil-determination of total phosphorus and assessment methods，established the mathematical model. The sources of measurement uncertainty（mainly includes drawing standard curve，the repeatability of determination，liquid transfer，instrument，etc.）were cleared.The standard uncertainty and expanded uncertainty of soil total phosphorus content were concluded.corresponding measures should be taken（such as selecting high precision metering devicing，improving the sensitivity，increasing the number of determination，etc.），as far as possible to reduce the uncertainty and ensure the reliability of the data.Key words soil；total phosphorus；uncertainty evaluation测量不确定度是与测量结果关联的一个参数，用于表征合理赋予被测值的分散性[1]。
土壤肥力评价英语
土壤肥力评价英语Soil fertility is a critical component of agricultural productivity. It refers to the ability of soil to provide essential nutrients to plants in adequate amounts and proportions for their growth and development. The evaluation of soil fertility involves assessing various physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil that contribute to its overall health and productivity.Physical Properties:。
The physical properties of soil, such as texture, structure, and porosity, influence its fertility. Soil texture, determined by the proportion of sand, silt, and clay, affects water retention and air circulation. A well-structured soil with good porosity allows for proper root growth and microbial activity, which are vital for plant nutrition.Chemical Properties:。
Chemical analysis of soil includes measuring pH levels, electrical conductivity, and the concentration of macro and micronutrients. The pH level of soil affects nutrient availability, with most nutrients being readily available in slightly acidic to neutral soils. Electrical conductivity provides an estimate of the soil's salinity, which can impact plant growth. Essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, along with micronutrients such as iron, manganese, and zinc, must be present in optimal quantities for plants to thrive.Biological Properties:。