托福TPO1-34阅读词汇题完整汇总(电子版)

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托福TPO1-34重点词汇大全(听说读写)

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福TPO1-34重点词汇大全(听说读写)分享到：摘要：托福TPO1-34重点词汇大全(听说读写)!学好托福词汇是做好TPO词汇题的关键，所以大家在备考中一定要多积累，多准备。

托福TPO重点词汇大全中整理了TPO中各单项的重点词汇，希望能够帮助大家备考。

托福 TPO1-34重点词汇大全(听说读写)!学好托福词汇是做好TPO词汇题的关键，所以大家在备考中一定要多积累，多准备。

托福TPO重点词汇大全中整理了TPO中各单项的重点词汇，希望能够帮助大家备考。

TPO 1中的重点词汇vital生死攸关的essential必要的usual通常的context环境;上下文;来龙去脉environment环境connection连接influence影响,势力,感化requirement要求，必需品core核心center中心material物质的;重要的;肉体的; 材料layer层，阶层;地层frame框架depict描画;描述portray描绘;扮演imagine想象classifies分类elevate提升perplexed困惑的puzzled困惑的;茫然的defeated击败的occupied使用中的preposterous可笑的unbelievable不可信的inadequate不充分的limited有限的creative创造性的accumulating积累increasing增加convincing令人信服的; 有说服力的extensive广泛的impose on强加place on 加强于artificial人造的not real不真实的attractive吸引人的; 有魅力的;引人注目的 short-term短期的prediction预言expectation 期待surprise惊奇explanation说明;解释discovery发现pinpoint精确描述locate exactly精确定位observe 观察; 注意到recognize承认;认出，识别derive源于;得自gain增加require要求;需要use 使用produce生产;引起;创作相关推荐:托福听力TPO词汇论文对话场景整理托福词汇中介词用法大全托福短语关于in case的用法解读相关字搜索：托福TPO1-34重点词汇大全。

托福备考托福阅读34套TPO样题+解析+译文1-3Timberline Vegetation on Mountains

托福考试复习托福阅读TPO1(试题+答案+译文)第3篇:Timberline Vegetation on Mountains托福阅读原文The transition from forest to treeless tundraon a mountain slope is often a dramatic one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses. This rapid zone of transition is called the upper timberline or tree line. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.The upper timberline, like the snow line, is highest in the tropics and lowest in the Polar Regions. It ranges from sea level in the Polar Regions to 4,500 meters in the dry subtropics and 3,500-4,500 meters in the moist tropics. Timberline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the upper timberline. There are some areas, however, where broadleaf deciduous trees form the timberline. Species of birch, for example, may occur at the timberline in parts of the Himalayas.At the upper timberline the trees begin to become twisted and deformed. This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys. This is because middle- and upper- latitude timberlines are strongly influenced by the duration and depth of the snow cover. As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. In the tropics, the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils. There is still no universally agreed-on explanation for why there should be such a dramatic cessation of tree growth at the upper timberline. Various environmental factors may play a role. Too much snow, for example, can smother trees, and avalanches and snow creep can damage or destroy them. Late-lying snow reduces the effective growing season to the point where seedlings cannot establish themselves. Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes. Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may be another contributing factor. Probably the most importantenvironmental factor is temperature, for if the growing season is too short and temperatures are too low, tree shoots and buds cannot mature sufficiently to survive the winter months.Above the tree line there is a zone that is generally called alpine tundra. Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants. Some plants can even survive in favorable microhabitats above the snow line. The highest plants in the world occur at around 6,100 meters on Makalu in the Himalayas. At this great height, rocks, warmed by the sun, melt small snowdrifts.The most striking characteristic of the plants of the alpine zone is their low growth form. This enables them to avoid the worst rigors of high winds and permits them to make use of the higher temperatures immediately adjacent to the ground surface. In an area where low temperatures are limiting to life, the importance of the additional heat near the surface is crucial. The low growth form can also permit the plants to take advantage of the insulation provided by a winter snow cover. In the equatorial mountains the low growth form is less prevalent.托福阅读试题1.The word “dramatic” in the passage(paragraph 1) is closest in meaning toA.gradualplexC.visibleD.striking2.Where is the lower timberline mentionedin paragraph 1 likely to be found?A.In an area that has little waterB.In an area that has little sunlightC.Above a transition areaD.On a mountain that has on uppertimberline.3.Which of the following can be inferredfrom paragraph 1 about both the upper and lower timberlines?A.Both are treeless zones.B.Both mark forest boundaries.C.Both are surrounded by desert areas.D.Both suffer from a lack of moisture.4.Paragraph 2 supports which of thefollowing statements about deciduous trees?A.They cannot grow in cold climates.B.They cannot grow in cold climates.C.They are less likely than evergreens tosurvive at the upper timberline.D.They do not require as much moisture asevergreens do.5.The word “attain” in the passage(paragraph 3) is closest in meaning toA. requireB.resistC.achieveD.endure6.The word “they” in the passage (paragraph3) refers toA.valleysB.treesC.heightsD.ridges7.The word “prone” in the passage (paragraph3) is closest in meaning toA.adaptedB.likelyC.difficultD.resistant8.According to paragraph 3, which of thefollowing is true of trees in the middle and upper latitudes?A.Tree growth is negatively affected by thesnow cover in valleysB.Tree growth is greater in valleys than onridges.C.Tree growth on ridges is not affected byhigh-velocity winds.D.Tree growth lasts longer in thoselatitudes than it does in the tropics.9.Which of the sentences below best expressthe essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage (paragraph4) ? In correct choices change the meaning in important ways or leave outessential information.A.Because of their deformed shapes at highaltitudes, trees are not likely to be seriously harmedby the strong winds typical of thosealtitudes.B.As altitude increases, the velocity ofwinds increase, leading to a serious decrease in the number of trees found athigh altitudes.C.The deformed shapes of trees at highaltitudes show that wind velocity, which increase with altitude, can causeserious hardship for trees.D.Increased wind velocity at high altitudesdeforms the shapes of trees, and this may cause serious stress for trees.10.In para graph 4, what is the author’smain purpose in the discussion of the dramatic cessation of tree growth at theupper timberline?A.To argue that none of several environmentfactors that are believed to contribute to that phenomenon do in fact play arole in causing itB.To argue in support of one particularexplanation of that phenomenon against several competing explanationsC.To explain why the primary environmentalfactor responsible for that phenomenon has not yet been identifiedD.To present several environmental factorsthat may contribute to a satisfactory explanation of that phenomenon11.The word “prevalent” in the passage(paragraph 6) is closest in meaning toA.predictableB.widespreadC.successfulD.developed12.According to paragraph 6, all of thefollowing statements are true of plants in the alpine zone EXCEPT:A.Because they are low, they are lessexposed to strong winds.B.Because they are low, the winter snowcover gives them more protection from the extreme cold.C.In the equatorial mountains, they tend tobe lower than in mountains elsewhere.D.Their low growth form keeps them closerto the ground, where there is more heat than further up.13.Look at the four squares [█] thatindicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.This explains how, for example, alpine cushionplants have been found growing at an altitude of 6,180 meters.Above the tree line there is a zone that isgenerally called alpine tundra.█【A】Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists ofa fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higherup the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare groundwith occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants. █【B】Some plantscan even survive in favorable microhabitats above the snow line. The highestplants in the world occur at around 6,100meters on Makalu in the Himalayas. █【C】At thisgreat height, rocks, warmed by the sun, melt small snowdrifts.█【D】Where would the sentence best fit?14. Directions: An introductory sentencefor a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary byselecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in thepassage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideasthat are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. Thisquestion is worth 2 points.At the timberline, whether upper or lower,there is a profound change in the growth of trees and other plants.A.Birch is one of the few species of treethat can survive in the extremeenvironments of the upper timberline.B.There is no agreement among scientists asto exactly why plant growth is sharply different above and below the uppertimberline.C.The temperature at the upper timberlineis probably more important in preventing tree growth than factors such as theamount of snowfall or the force of winds.D.The geographical location of an uppertimberline has an impact on both the types of trees found there and theirphysical characteristics.E.High levels of ultraviolet light mostlikely play a greater role in determining tree growth at the upper timberlinethan do grazing animals such as the ibex.F.Despite being adjacent to the timberline,the alpine tundra is an area where certain kinds of low trees can endure highwinds and very low temperatures.托福阅读答案1.dramatic剧烈的，戏剧化的，就单词本身能够想到drama戏剧，所以这个应该是戏剧的形容词，原文后句说在几十米的垂直距离内，树木完全被低矮的灌木和草取代了，所以变化非常剧烈，A渐渐B复杂C可见的都不靠谱2.以lower timberline做关键词定位至本段最后一句，说有lower timberline 是因为a lack of moisture，缺乏湿度，等于A选项中的没有水3.分别以upper timberline和lower timberline为关键词定位至本段倒数两句，不管是upper timberline还是lower timberline都是快速的过渡带，树还是有的，只是在向草原等等过渡，所以A错，既然是过渡，也就是边界了，B对，C没说，只有lower timberline缺水，所以D说both错4.以deciduous trees做关键词定位至原文的第三句和第四句，根据第四句说有的地方的timberline是由落叶树构成的，所以timberline上还是有落叶树的，所以选项A和B说反，D项moisture原文没说，第三句说timberline通常是常绿树构成的，第四句说有的时候也出现落叶树，所以常绿树比落叶树出现的概率大，所以C正确5.attain获得，想到相似的obtain和retain，原文说中高纬度的树木会变形，在山脊处怎么样更高，后半句的whereas所在句与之并列，其中reach greater heights应该和考的那部分是并列的，所以attain也是reach之意，答案是achieve，A要求B反对抵抗D忍耐都不对6.并列句，往前找，找主语，trees是正确答案，此外，被暴露在大风之下的应该是树，山谷山脊和高度都不靠谱7.prone可能，倾向于。

托福阅读TPO1-34题型分类汇总【PDF】

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读TPO1-34题型分类汇总【PDF】摘要：托福阅读全套共有34套，每一套都是托福考试的曾经的真题，是我们冲刺托福高分必不可少的精华内容，下面我们就来详细介绍一下，希望对你的托福考试会有一定的帮助。

托福阅读考试由三篇文章构成，每篇文章大约700字左右，各有12-14道题目，考试时间为60分钟。

托福阅读文章的题材呈现不断多样化的趋势，许多同学认为由于缺乏相关学科背景会影响做题正确率，但其实左右答案所需信息都已在文章中出现，无需额外的背景知识。

现就托福阅读题型进行总结。

托福阅读的题型大体分为三类：阅读找寻信息题(Reading to Find Information)、基础理解题(BasicComprehension Question)以及篇章应用题(Reading to LearnQuestion)。

阅读找寻信息题(Reading to Find Information)考察学生能否快速高效浏览文章，找到关键信息;基础理解题(Basic Comprehension Question)考察学生对主要信息、重要事实及细节、词汇、句法及语义内容的理解的能力;篇章应用题(Reading to Learn Question)考察学生是否能准确文章目的、段落之间的关系，能否将关键信息及重要细节总结概括的能力。

如果更加细致的划分可以将所有题型分为十类：词汇题(Vocabulary questions)(3-6个每篇)、指代题(Reference questions)(0-2个每篇)、句子简化题(Sentence Simplification questions)(0-1个每篇)、细节/事实信息题(FactualInformation questions) (3-6个每篇)、否定事实信息题(Negative Factual Information questions)(0-2个每篇)、修辞目的题(Rhetorical Purpose questions)(1-3个每篇)、句子插入题(Insert Text questions)(0-1个每篇)、推断题(Inference questions)(0-2个每篇)、文章小结题(Prose Summary)(0-1个每篇，6选3)、填表题(Fill in a Table)(0-1个每篇，7选5)。

托福TPO词汇精选(1—37)

托福TPO词汇精选（1—37）TPO 11.The word “dramatic” in the passage is closest in meaning toA GradualB ComplexC VisibleD Striking5.The word “attain” in the passage in closest in meaning toA requireB resist Cachieve D endure6.The word “they” in the passage refers toA valleysB treesC heightsD ridges7.The word “ prone” in the passage is closest in meaning toA adaptedB likelyC difficultD resistant11. The word “prevalent” in the passage is closest in meaning toA predictableB widespreadC successfulD developed15. The word “ championed” in the passage is closest in meaning toA changedB debatedC createdD Supported16. The word “ attributes” in the passage is closest in meaning toA AscribesB LeavesC LimitsD Contrasts20. The word “autonomous” in the passage is closest in meaning toA ArtisticB ImportantC IndependentD Established24. The word “penchant” in the passage is closest in meaning toA compromise BInclination CTradition D Respect30. The word “ incredible” in the passage is closest in meaning toA ConfusingB ComfortingC UnbelievableD Interesting31. The word “out of sight” in the passage is closest in meaning toA Far awayB HiddenC Partly visibleD Discovered33. The phrase “glacial outwash” in the passage refers toA Fast riversB GlaciersC The huge volumes of water created by glacial meltingD The particles carried in water from melting glaciers.35. The word “ overlie” in the passag e is closest in meaningA CoverB ChangeC SeparateD Surround36. The phrase “so much for” in the passage is closest in meaning toA That is enough aboutB now let us turn toC Of greater concern areD This is related to37. The word “ plugged” in the passage is closest in meaning toA WashedB DraggedC Filled upD Soaked throughTPO 21.The word “threatened” in the passage is closest in meaningA RestrictedB EndangeredC PreventedD Rejected3.The word “delicate” in the passage is closest in meaning toA FragileB PredictableC ComplexD Valuable5. The word “progressively” in the passage is closest in meaning toA OpenlyB ImpressivelyC ObjectivelyD Increasingly7.The ph rase “devoid of” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Consisting of (B) Hidden by (C) Except for (D) Lacking in16. The word “precious” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)Exact (B) Scarce (C) Valuable (D) Initial19. The word “exposed” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Explained B) Visible C) Identified D) Located24. The word “propulsion” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Staying afloat B) Changing directionC) Decreasing weight D) Moving forward30. The word “reading” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) FrequentlyB) Easily C) Intelligently D) Obviously31. The word “assistance” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Criticism B) Leadership C) Help D) Approval37. The word “expanded” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Was enlarged B) Was improved C) Was varied D) Was rejected TPO 32.The word “feasible” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) In existence B) Without questionC) Achievable D) Most likely3. The word “enhance” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Project B) improve C) organize D) match5. The word “devised” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Combined B) Created C) Introduced D) Suggested6. The word “ integral” is closest in meaning toA) Essential B) Variable C) Practical D) Independent10. The word “arduous” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Difficult B) Necessary C) Skilled D) Shared18. The word “ ensuing” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Continuing B) Surprising C) Initial D) Subsequent20. The word “ unprecedented” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Difficult to control B) Without any restrictionC) Unlike anything in the past D) Rapidly expanding21. The word “virtually” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Clearly B) Perhaps C) Frequently D) Almost24. The word “inevitable” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Unfortunate B) Predictable C) Unavoidable D) Final29. The word “particular” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Natural B) Final C) Specific D) Complex36. The word “guarantee” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Increase B) Ensure C) Favor D) Complicate38. The word “pales” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Increases proportionally B) DiffersC) Loses significance D) Is common40. The word “adjacent” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Foreign B) Stable C) Fluid D) NeighboringTPO 43.The word “inhibits” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)Consists of B) Combines C) Restricts D) Establishes4.The phrase “in the same breath” in the passage is closest in meaningtoA)Impatiently B) Humorously C) Continuously D) Immediately8.The phrase “ indefinite period” in the passage is closest in meaning toperiodA)Whose end has not been determinedB)That does not begin when expectedC)That lasts only brieflyD)Whose importance remains unknown10.T he word “rebound” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Decline B) Recovery C) Exchange D) Movement15. The word “ marked” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Considerable B) Surprising C) Limited D) Adequate17. The word “principal” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Major B) Likely C) Well protected D) Distinct19. The word “trappings” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Conditions B) Problems C) Influences D) Decorations20. The word “accumulate” in the passage is close st in meaning toA) Grow up B) Build up C) Spread out D) Break apart33. The word “adjacent” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Nearby B) Existing C) Special D) Deep37. The word “ sloping” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Shifting B) Inclining C) Forming D) Rolling39. The word “foul” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Reach B) Flood C) Pollute D) AlterTPO 52.The word “exhibit” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)Fight off B) show C) cause D) spread5.The word “facilitates” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)Slows down B) affects C) makes easier D) focuses on7The word “suspended” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Grown B) protected C) spread out D) hug9. The word “afford” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Offer B) prevent C) increase D) remove17. The word “overwhelming” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Powerful B) favorable C) current D) reasonable20. The word “implements” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Skills B) tools C) opportunities D) practices24. The word “ undisputed” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Mysterious B) unexpected C) acknowledged D) significant29. The word “significant” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Numerous B) important C) unexplained D) sudden30. The word “relatively” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Surprisingly B) collectively C) comparatively D) characteristically31. The word “ diversification” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Emergence of many varietiesB) Steady declined in numberC) Gradual increase in body sizeD) Sudden disappearance35. The word “promote” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Complicate B) prevent C) encourage D) affectTPO 63. The word “exploited” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Utilized B) recognized C) examined D) full understood4. The word “vastly” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Quickly B) ultimately C) greatly D) initially8. The phrase “grew accustomed to” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Began to prefer B) wanted to have C) became used to D) insisted on9. The word “retained” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) gained B) established C) profited from D) maintained14. The word “rudimentary” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Thorough B) strict C) basic D) occasional18. The word “meticulously” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) carefully B) quickly C) frequently D)obviously22. The word “endured” in the passag e is closest in meaning toA) Vanished B) developed C) varied D) survived23. The word” virtually” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Possibly B) absolutely C) surprisingly D) nearly29. The word “plausible” in the passage is closest in meani ng toA) Flexible B) believable C) debatable D) predictable30. The word “phenomenon” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Exception B) repetition C) occurrence D) idea34. The word “critically” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Fundamentally B) partially C) consistently D) subsequently35. The word “perspective” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) System B) theory C) source D) viewpointTPO 71.The word “objective” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)achievement B) requirement C) purpose D) feature9.The word “scores” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)Members B) large numbers C) populations D) different types11.T he word “ Turbulent” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)Fresh B) deep C) violent D) temperate16. T he phrase “obsession” with in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Thinking about B) fixation on C) interest in D) attitude toward19. The word “fostered” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Accepted B) combined C) introduced D) encouraged24. The word “spheres” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Abilities B) areas C) combinations D) models28. The word “diffused” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Emerged B) was understood C) spread D) developed34. The word “ profound” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Fascinating B) far-reaching C) necessary D) temporary35. The word” ritual” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Military B) physical C) ceremonial D) permanent38. The word “ fleeing” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Afraid of B) displaced by C) running away from D) responding toTPO 81.The word “ massive” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)Ancient B) carefully C) very large D) carefully protected3. The word “pinpoint” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Identify precisely B) make an argument forC) Describe D) understand4. The word “ingenuity” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Ambition B) sincerity C) faith D) cleverness8. The word “predominant” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Most aggressive B) most productive C) principal D) earliest18. The word “cope” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Adept B) move C) continue D) compete20. The word “fluctuation” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Extremes B) retreats C) periods D) variations23. The word “bombard” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Approach B) strike C) pass D) circle25. The word “disruption” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Exhaustion B) disturbance C) modifications D) disappearance29. The word “ merge” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Expand B) separate C) straighten out D) combine31. The word “relics” in the passa ge is closest in meaning toA) Remains B) sites C) requirements D) sources33. The word “ miniature” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Temporary B) small C) multiple D) familiar39. The word “hints” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) clues B) features C) arguments D)effectsTPO 92.The word “persuasively” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)Aggressively B) inflexibly C) convincingly D) carefully3.The phrase “prior” to is closest in meaning toA)Before B) immediately after C) during D) in spite of8.The word “Vast” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)Frozen B)Various C) Isolated D)Huge10.T he word “inhospitable” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)not familiar B)not suitable C)not dangerous D)not reachable12.T he word “impetus” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)chance B)protection C) possibility D) incentive15. The word “justified” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) supported B) shaped C)stimulated D)suggested17. The word “flourish” in the passage is cl osest in meaning toA) Continue B) occur C) succeed D) apply20. The word “objective” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Unbiased B) positive C) systematic D)thorough23. The word “compelling” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Commonly held B) persuasive C) original D) practical28. The phrase “at random” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Finally B) over a long period of timeC) Successfully D) without a definite pattern31. The word “abundantly” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) occasionally B)plentifully C)usefully D)fortunately32. The word “propagate” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) multiply B)emerge C) live D) evolve37. The word “dormant” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) hidden B) inactive C)underground D)preservedTPO 101.The word “status” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)origin B)importance C)quality D)design3. The word “evolved” in the passage is clos est in meaning toA) divided B)extended C)developed D) vanished6. The word “instigated” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)improved B)investigated C) narrowed D)caused8. The word “whereas” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)while B)previously C)surprisingly D)because19. The word “striking” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)noticeable B)confusing C) true D)unlikely21. The word “erratic” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)dramatic B)important C)unpredictable D) common24. The word “del iberations” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)records B)discussions C)results D)variations25. The word “invoked” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)demonstrated B)called upon C)supported D)expected30. The word “key” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)historical B)many C) important D)hidden34. The word “meager” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)very necessary B)very low C) traditional D)primary39. The phrase “an English innovation” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) a new development introduced by the EnglishB) an arrangement found only in England.C) a type of agreement negotiated in EnglishD)a type of partnership based on English law.TPO 111.The word “vital” in the passage is closest inA)attractive B)essential C)usual D) practical5. The word “context” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)connection B)influence C)environment D)requirement9. The word “core” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)material B)layer C)center D)frame11. The word “depicts” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)imagined B)classifies C) elevates D)portrays16. The word “perplexed” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)defeated B)interested C)puzzled D)occupied18. The word “preposterous” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)unbelievable B)inadequate C)limited D)creative26. The word “accumulating” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)new B) increasing C)convincing D)extensive29. The phrase “impose on” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)increase for B)remove from C) place on D)distribute to31. The word “artificial” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)attractive B)not real C)short-term D)well-designed34. The word “predication” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)surprise B) discovery C)explanation D)expectation35. The word “pinpoint” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)observe B)locate exactly C)copy accurately D)recognize36. The word “derive” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)require B)gain C)use D)produceTPO 121.The phrase “assisted in” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Initiated B)dominated C)helped with D)set up3. The phrase “depicted” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) identified B)revealed C)pictured D)imagined10. The word “criteria” in the pass age is closest in meaning toA)standards B) findings C)ideas D) techniques15. The word “regarded” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)analyzed B)considered C)altered D)criticized17. The word “paradoxes” in the passage is cl osest in meaning toA)difficulties B)accomplishments C)parallels D)contradictions20. The word “overshadowed” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)distracted from B)explained C)conducted D)coordinated with23. The word “neglected” in the p assage is closest in meaning toA)failed B)needed C)started D)expected30. The word “drastically” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)obviously B)unfortunately C)rapidly D)severely33. The word “dwellers” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)settlements B)farmers C)tribes D)inhabitants35. The word “fractures” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)streams B)cracks C)storms D)earthquakes38. The word “immobile” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)enclosed B)permanent C)motionless D)intactTPO 13Q1. The word “complex” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) delicate B) elaborate C) private D)commonQ3. The word “endowing” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) leaving B) exposing C) providing D)understandingQ7. The word “size up” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) enlarge B)evaluate C) impress D) acceptQ10. The word “deviate” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) detract B) advance C) select D) departQ14. The word “Consequently” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)Therefore B)Additionally C) Nevertheless D) MoreoverQ17. The word “persistent” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) adjusted B) strong C) enduring D) predictedQ22. The word “duration” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) length B)feature C) process D) repetitionQQ25. The word “sustained” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) intense B)uninterrupted C) natural D)periodicQQ28. The word “uniformly” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) clearly B) quickly C)consistently D)occasionallyQQ32. The word “potent” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) artificial B) powerful C)common D)similarQQ35. The word “quantifiable” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) visual B) permanent C)meaningful D)measurable TPO 14QQ2. The word “verify” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) establish the truth of B) approve ofC) understand D) criticizeQQ6. The word “ adept” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) responsible B) skillful C) patient D) curiousQQ9. The word “attributes” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)Evaluations B) Attitudes C)Actions D)Characteristics QQ11. The word “credible” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)helpful B)believable C)valuable D)familiarQQ18. The word “paradoxically” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) usually B)surprisingly C)understandably D)predictably QQ24. The word “prolonged” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)unusual B)unexpected C) extended D) disastrousQQ25. The word “ exhausted” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) used up B) reduced C) wasted D) relied uponQQ28. The word “prestige” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) interest B)status C) demand D) profitQQ30. The word “profound” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) strange B) positive C) direct D) far-reachingQQ34. The word “striking” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) reliable B) noticeable C) convincing D) violentQQ35. The word “exploit” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)use to advantage B) depart from C) pay attention to D) travel across TPO 15Q1. The word “interlocked” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)intermediate B) linked C) frozen D) fully developedQ3. The word “ match” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) measure B) enlarge C) approximate D) equalQ4. The word “transform” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)break B)push C)change D) extendQ7. The word “deceiving” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) approximate B) exaggerated C) unusual D) misleadingQ10. The word “static” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) unchanging B) usable C) thick D) harmlessQ15. The phrase “unique among” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) natural to B) different from all otherC) quite common among D) familiar toQ17. The word “feat” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) remarkable achievement B) common transformationC)daily activity D) complex solutionQ19. The word “bulk” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)strength B) effort C) activity D) massQ24. The phrase “course through” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) rises through B) heats up in C) runs through D) collects in Q30. The word “extended” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) specific B) unlimited C) reasonable D)longQ35. The phrase “account for” in the passage is closest in meaning to A) describe B) challenge C) explain D) testQ38. The word “intense” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) sudden B) unusual C) immediate D) extremeTPO 16Q2. The word “repudiate” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) respect B) reject C) review D) reviseQ6. The word “consensus” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)Authority B) Responsibility C) Custom D) AgreementQ9. The word “ ethic” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) set of moral principles B) division of laborsC) economic system D) test of characterQ11. The word “intrinsically” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)fundamentally B) Surprisingly C) Consequently D) Particularly Q12. The phrase “interplay” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Sequence B) Interpretation C) requirement D) interactionQ21. The phrase “abundance” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) weight B) requirement C) plenty D) sequenceQ22. The phrase “analogous to “ in the passage is closest in meaning toA)predicated by B) expected of C) similar to D) superior toQ26. The word “ postulated” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)hypothesized B) discovered C) reported D) generatedQ30. The word “markedly” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) essentially B)typically C) consistently D) noticeablyQ33. The word “meager” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) rich B) thin C) unique D) complexQ38. The word “eventually” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) over time B) long ago C) simply D) certainlyTPO 17Q1. The word “impetus” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) return B) opportunity C) stimulus D) obstacleQ5. The word “ dramatically” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) artificially B) greatly C) immediately D) regularlyQ10. The word “ refined” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) completed B) improved C) drawn D) checkedQ 11. The word “norms” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) purposes B) skills C) activities D) rulesQ15. Th e phrase “conspicuous” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)common B) noticeable C) different D) colorfulQ17. The word “ signal” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) change B) imitate C) communicate D) hideQ 22. The word “ inflating” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) coloring B) enlarging C) loosening D) heatingQ25. The word “ impediment” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)obstruction B) effort C) delay D) resistanceQ 26. The word “exploits” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) repeats B) makes use of C) increases the intensity ofD) recognizesQ30. The word “ derives” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) digests B) obtains C) controls D) discoversQ32 The word “ devastated” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)influenced B) infected C) strengthened D) destroyedQ 35. The word “ inadvertently” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) indefensibly B) substantially C) unintentionally D) partially Q39. The word “highlights” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) defines B) emphasizes C) reflects D) suggestsTPO 18Q5. The word “ exceptional” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)extraordinary B) surprising C) immediate D) predictable Q6. The word “ abolished” in the passage is the closest in meaning toA) ended B) raised C) returned D) loweredQ8 The word “progressive” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)rapid B) partial C) increasing D) individualQ17. The word “flaw” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) fault B) aspect C) confusion D) mysteryQ19. The word “ triggered” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)removed B) followed C) increased D) causedQ20. The word “periodically” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)continuously B) quickly C) regularly D) carefullyQ24. The word “empirical” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) reliable B) based on common senseC) relevant D) based on observationQ30. The word “ tremendous” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)distinct B) growing C) huge D) immediateQ32. The word “ acquire” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) reject B)obtain C) need D) produceQ36. The word “illuminates” in the passage is clos est in meaning toA) opens B) completes C) lights D) electrifiesQ40. The word “ initiated” is closest in meaning toA) started B) intensified C) finished D) expectedTPO 19Q4. The word “ suppress” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)respond to B) warn against C) avoid the impact of D) stop byforceQ5. The word “friction” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) rebellion B) conflict C) neglect D) crimeQ7. The phrase “entitled to” in the passage is closest in meaning to A)given the right to B) able to afford to C)encouraged to D)requiredtoQ12. The word “circumstances” in the passage is closest in meaning to A)experiences B) communities C) conditions D) lawsQ16. The word “substantiated” in the passage is closest in mean ing to A) confirmed B) noticed C)defined D) publicizedQ17. The word “trend” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Probability B)picture C)law-like regularity D)tendencyQ18. The word “likewise” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) sometime B)similarly C) apparently D) consequentlyQ19. The word “legitimately” in the passage is closest in meaning to A) commonly B) broadly C) properly D) officiallyQ23. The word “ initiated” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Approved B)identified C) started D) foreseenQ29. The word “accumulations” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Signs B) Pieces C) Types D) DepositsQ30. The word “ heterogeneous” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Remaining B) Varied C) Familiar D) LayeredQ32. The word “enjoy” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) experience B) resemble C) expect D) dominateQ36. The word “ reveal” in th e passage is closest in meaning toA) result from B) vary with C) show D) preserveTPO 20Q3. The word “fringes” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Borders B) Groups C) Types D) DirectionsQ7. The word “proliferation” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)Growth B) Cooperation C) Importance D) SuccessQ9 The word “superseded” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Replaced B) Reformed C) Equaled D) IncreasedQ10. The word “diverted” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Collected B) Shifted C) Transported D) SoldQ15. The word “momentous” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)Numerous B) Regular C) Very important D0 Very positive Q17. The ph rase “this remarkable change” in the passage refers toA)warming at the end of the Ice AgeB)shifts in mountain snow linesC)the movement of people from farms to villagesD) a dramatic increase in the populationQ18. The word “exploited” in the passage is clos est in meaning toA)explored B) utilized C) inhabited D) improvedQ20. The word “ cramped” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)primitive B) secure C) extended D) confinedQ 22. The word “ shifts” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Effects B) Similarities C) Changes D) ExceptionsQ 25. The word “abruptly” in the passage is closest in meaning toA) Informally B) Briefly C) Suddenly D) SurprisinglyQ29. The word “agencies” in the passage is closest in meaning toA)Combinations B) Problems C) Forces D) Changes。

托福阅读真题词汇 TPO 1

The origin of theater speculation champion myth well-being
推测 speculate 支持，拥护神话福祉
ascribe representative costume sophisticated abandon divorce thereafter efficacious set forth imitative confront instinct
TPO1 Groundwater saturate
circulate soak incredible capacity pebble unconsolidated coarse volume deposit cement porous plug percolate proportion consist permeable crevice crystalline tension
大气的，流星的，疾速的丰富的，大量的降水量；沉降固体的；可靠的视力，景象，眼界巩固，加强沙砾融化斜坡覆盖细孔多孔性溶解极小的；分钟玄武岩渗透可渗透性室，洞薄膜排水
混凝土；具体的想象，预想感知归功于，归属于；性质繁荣仪式面具因果关系的修改，修饰自治的，自主的美学的，审美的停止祖先使具体化，体现凭什么，靠那个倾向，嗜好
桦树袭击，打击，罢工纬度扭曲速度有…倾向使窒息秧苗高度严厉关键的，重要的赤道的裸露的地衣垫状植物
striking attain ridge deform frost cessation avalanche ultraviolet browse=graze adjacent insulation prevalent moss prostrate resistant

托福tpo阅读高频词汇tpo 1

penchant
n.嗜好；倾向
timberline
n.树带界线
moisture
n.水分；湿度；潮湿；降雨量
velocity
n.速率；迅速；周转率
snowdrift
n.随风飘飞的雪；被风刮在一起的雪堆
gravel
n.碎石；砂砾vt.用碎石铺；使困惑
moss
n.苔藓；泥沼vt.使长满苔藓
tundra
n.苔原；冻原；冻土地带
vt.建议；打算，计划；求婚vi.建议；求婚；打算
frost
vt.结霜于；冻坏vi.结霜；受冻
saturate
vt.浸透，使湿透；使饱和adj.浸透的，饱和的
refine
vt.精炼，提纯；改善；使…文雅
browse
vt.浏览；吃草n.浏览；吃草
bury
vt.埋葬；隐藏
confront
vt.面对；遭遇；比较
oral
adj.口头的，口述的n.口试
adjacent
adj.邻近的，毗连的
deciduous
adj.落叶性的，脱落性的；非永久性的
entire
adj.全部的，整个的；全体的
gymnastic
adj.体操的，体育的
crystalline
adj.透明的；水晶般的；水晶制的
dramatic
adj.戏剧的；引人注目的；激动人心的
adv.流行地，普遍地
universally
adv.普遍地；人人；到处
thereafter
adv.其后；从那时以后
subtropics
n. [地理]亚热带
outwash
n. [地质]冰水沉积；消融，冲蚀

TPO阅读1-34汇总【含原文翻译解析答案】

TPO阅读1-34汇总【含原文翻译解析答案】TPO1-34综合写作TPO 1 (1)1. 阅读部分 (1)2. 听力部分 (3)3. 范文赏析 (5)TPO 2 (7)1. 阅读部分 (7)2. 听力部分 (10)3. 范文赏析 (12)TPO 3 (14)1. 阅读部分 (14)2. 听力部分 (16)3. 范文赏析 (17)TPO4 (19)1. 阅读部分 (19)2. 听力部分 (20)3. 范文赏析 (22)TPO5 (24)1. 阅读部分 (24)2. 听力部分 (24)3. 范文赏析 (24)TPO6 (25)1. 阅读部分 (25)2. 听力部分 (25)3. 范文赏析 (25)TPO7 (26)1. 阅读部分 (26)2. 听力部分 (26)3. 范文赏析 (26) TPO8 (27)1. 阅读部分 (27)2. 听力部分 (27)3. 范文赏析 (27) TPO9 (28)1. 阅读部分 (28)2. 听力部分 (28)3. 范文赏析 (28) TPO10 (29)1. 阅读部分 (29)2. 听力部分 (29)3. 范文赏析 (29) TPO11 (30) 1. 阅读部分 (30) 3. 范文赏析 (30) TPO12 (31)1. 阅读部分 (31)2. 听力部分 (32)3. 范文赏析 (34) TPO13 (35)1. 阅读部分 (35)2. 听力部分 (36)3. 范文赏析 (38) TPO14 (39)1. 阅读部分 (39)2. 听力部分 (40)3. 范文赏析 (41) TPO15 (43) 1. 阅读部分 (43)3. 范文赏析 (45) TPO16 (47)1. 阅读部分 (47)2. 听力部分 (48)3. 范文赏析 (49) TPO17 (51)1. 阅读部分 (51)2. 听力部分 (52)3. 范文赏析 (54) TPO18 (55)1. 阅读部分 (55)2. 听力部分 (55)3. 范文赏析 (55) TPO19 (56)1. 阅读部分 (56)2. 听力部分 (56)3. 范文赏析 (56) TPO20 (57)1. 阅读部分 (57)2. 听力部分 (57)3. 范文赏析 (57) TPO21 (58)1. 阅读部分 (58)2. 听力部分 (58)3. 范文赏析 (58) TPO22 (59) 1. 阅读部分 (59) 3. 范文赏析 (59) TPO23 (60)2. 听力部分 (60)3. 范文赏析 (60) TPO24 (61)1. 阅读部分 (61)2. 听力部分 (61)3. 范文赏析 (61) TPO25 (62)1. 阅读部分 (62)2. 听力部分 (62)3. 范文赏析 (62) TPO26 (63)1. 阅读部分 (63)2. 听力部分 (63)3. 范文赏析 (63) TPO27 (64)1. 阅读部分 (64)2. 听力部分 (64)3. 范文赏析 (64) TPO28 (65)1. 阅读部分 (65)2. 听力部分 (65)3. 范文赏析 (65) TPO29 (66)1. 阅读部分 (66)2. 听力部分 (66)3. 范文赏析 (66) TPO30 (67)1. 阅读部分 (67)2. 听力部分 (67)3. 范文赏析 (67)TPO31 (68)1. 阅读部分 (68)2. 听力部分 (68)3. 范文赏析 (68)TPO32 (69)1. 阅读部分 (69)2. 听力部分 (70)3. 范文赏析 (70)TPO33 (71)1. 阅读部分 (71)3. 范文赏析 (71)TPO34 (72)1. 阅读部分 (72)2. 听力部分 (73)3. 范文赏析 (74)TPO 11. 阅读部分In the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. A mandatory policy requiring companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option.在美国，职员一般执行的一周五天，每天八小时工作制。

新托福IBT词汇分类整理笔记unit1-34

Unit001Basic building materials include: timber, mud, stone, marble, brick, tile, steel, and cement concrete.基本建筑材料包括:木材、泥浆、石材、大理石、砖、瓦、钢铁和水泥混凝土。

Masonry walls are built with stones or bricks, cohered through the use of mortar, first composed of lime and sand.砌体墙是用石头或砖建造,塞林格的通过使用迫击炮,首先由石灰和沙子。

The profusion of aluminum and its anodized coatings provided cladding material that is lightweight and virtually maintenance free.丰富的铝及其阳极氧化涂层提供覆盖材料,是轻量级的,并且几乎免费维修。

Glass was known in prehistory and is celebrated for its contributions to Gothic architecture.玻璃是已知在史前和以其贡献的哥特式建筑。

Unit002Two basic approaches to spanning over masonry walls are post-and-lintel construction and arch, vault, and dome construction.两种基本方法生成了砌体墙是post和过梁建设和拱、跳马、和圆顶建筑。

Unit003The Chicago architect Louis Sullivan’s career converges with the so-called Chicago School of architects, whose challenge was to invent the skyscraper or high-rise building, facilitated by the introduction of the electric elevator and the abundance of steel.芝加哥建筑师路易斯·苏利文的职业生涯汇聚在所谓的芝加哥学派的建筑师,他的挑战是发明摩天大楼或高层建筑,借助于电动升降机和丰富的钢。

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智课网TOEFL备考资料
托福TPO1-34阅读词汇题完整汇总(电子版)
摘要：托福TPO1-34阅读词汇题完整汇总(电子版)!新托福TPO阅读中，TPO阅读词汇题是重要托福阅读题型。

托福阅读词汇题做题需要考生掌握一定的词汇量和做题技巧，这样也可以帮助同学检验托福词汇的背诵效果，
同学们快来巩固一下吧!
托福 TPO1-34阅读词汇题完整汇总(电子版)! 新托福 TPO阅读中，TPO阅读词汇题是重要托福阅读题型。

托福
阅读词汇题做题需要考生掌握一定的词汇量和做题技巧，这样也可以帮助同学检验托福词汇的背诵效果，同学
们快来巩固一下吧!
Paragraph 1: In the fourteenth century, a number of political developments cut Europe's overland trade routes to southern and eastern Asia, with which Europe had had important and highly profitable commercial ties since the
twelfth century. This development, coming as it did when the bottom had fallen out of the European economy, provided an impetus to a long-held desire to secure direct relations with the East by establishing a sea trade. Widely reported, if somewhat distrusted, accounts by figures like the famous traveler from Venice, Marco Polo, of the willingness of people in China to trade with Europeans and of the immensity of the wealth to be gained by such contact made the idea irresistible. Possibilities for trade seemed promising, but no hope existed for maintaining the traditional routes over land A new way had to be found. 【TPO17- Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia】
1. The word impetus in the passage is closest in meaning to
○Return
○Opportunity
○Stimulus
○Obstacle
Paragraph 3: At times, it is actually possible to watch the effects of natural selection in host-parasite relationships.
For example, Australia during the 1940 s was overrun by hundreds of millions of European rabbits. The rabbits destroyed huge expanses of Australia and threatened the sheep and cattle industries. In 1950, myxoma virus, a parasite that affects rabbits, was deliberately introduced into Australia to control the rabbit population. Spread rapidly by mosquitoes, the virus devastated the rabbit population. The virus was less deadly to the offspring of surviving rabbits, however, and it caused less and less harm over the years. Apparently, genotypes (the genetic make-up of an organism)
in the rabbit population were selected that were better able to resist the parasite. Meanwhile, the deadliest strains of the virus perished with their hosts as natural selection favored strains that could infect hosts but not kill them. Thus, natural selection stabilized this host-parasite relationship. 【TPO17- Symbiotic Relationships】
4. The word devastated in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ Influenced
○ Infected
○ strengthened
○ destroyed
Paragraph 4: In contrast to parasitism, in commensalism, one partner benefits without significantly affecting the other. Few cases of absolute commensalism probably exist, because it is unlikely that one of the partners will be completely unaffected. Commensal associations sometimes involve one species' obtaining food that is inadvertently exposed by another. For instance, several kinds of birds feed on insects flushed out of the grass by grazing cattle. It is difficult to imagine how this could affect the cattle, but the relationship may help or hinder them in some way not yet recognized. 【TPO17- Symbiotic Relationships】
7. The word inadvertently in the passage is closest in meaning to
○Indefensibly
○Substan tially
○Unintentionally
○Partially
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