上海市浦东新区建平中学2018-2019年高三第一学期12月英语考试
2018-2019学年上海市建平英语高三上学期周练
2019届高三英语综合练习卷0911第一卷Ⅱ.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:Read the following passage.Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word.For the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Have you ever been embarrassed because you forgot something important?What kinds of things do you havethe most trouble___21___（remember）?Mark began to introduce the guest speaker to the audience,but then paused in horror.He had forgotten her name.Barbara hid her jewelry when she went on vacation.When she came back,she couldn’t remember___22___ she’d put it.Perhaps you’ve had experiences like these.Most people have.And,what’s worse,most people___23___（bow）to a life of forgetting.They’re unaware of a simple but important fact:Memory can be developed.If you just acceptthat fact,this book will show you___24___it can be improved.First,relax.If you are overanxious about remembering something,you’ll forget it.Relaxing will enhance your awareness and ability to concentrate.Y ou can’t remember anything___25___you can concentrate.Second,avoid being negative.If you keep telling___26___that your memory is bad,your mind will come to believe it and you won’t remember things.When you forget something,don’t say,“Gee,I need to have my brain___27___（rewire）.”Instead,you need to take an active role.___28___your body,your memory can be strengthened through exercise.Look for opportunities to exerciseyour memory.For example,if you are learning a language,try to actively remember irregular verbs.Y ou may also want to make associations or links between___29___you are trying to remember and things you already know.For example,if you need to catch a plane at2:00p.m.,you can imagine a plane in your mind andnotice that it has two wings.Two wings=2:00.You are now ten times___30___（likely）to forget the take-off time.Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Notethat there is one word more than you need.A.dramaticallyB.adjustC.expandingD.infectionsE.limitF.fairlyG.listed H.upright I.concealing J.repeated K.financeIn the early1960s,Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association（NBA）___31___at over seven feet.If he had played last season,however,he would have been one of42.The bodiesplaying major professional sports have changed___32___over the years,and managers have been more than willingto___33___team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,longer frames.However,the trend in sports may be___34___an unrecognized reality:Americans have generally stopped growing.Though typically about two inches taller now than140years ago,today's people—especially those bornto families who have lived in the U.S.for many generations—apparently reached their___35___in the early1960s.And they aren't likely to get any taller."In the general population today,at this genetic,environmental level,we'vepretty much gone as far as we can go,"says anthropologist of Wright State University.Growth,which rarely continues beyond the age of20,demands calories and nutrients—notably,protein—to feed___36___tissues.At the start of the20th century,under-nutrition and childhood___37___got in the way.Butas diet and health improved,children and adolescents have,on average,increased in height by about an inch and ahalf every20years.Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,average height—5'9"for men,5'4"for women—hasn't really changed since1960.Genetically speaking,there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.During childbirth,larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal.Moreover,even though humans have been___38___for millionsof years,our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal（双足行走的）posture and cannot easily withstand___39___strain imposed by oversize limbs.Genetic maximums can change,but don't expect this to happen soon.If you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment,by and large,you could use today’s data and feel___40___confident.Ⅲ.Reading comprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,and D.Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic.___41___regular practice might include mindless repetitions,deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with thespecific goal of improving___42___.The greatest___43___of deliberate practice is to remain focused.In the beginning,showing up is the most important thing.But after a while we begin to carelessly___44___small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement.This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to___45___repeated behaviors into automatic habits.___46___,when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step ofthe process.Today,after many repetitions,your brain can perform this sequence___47___.The more we repeat atask the more mindless it becomes.Mindless activity is the___48___of deliberate practice.The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes___49___.Too often,we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience.In___50___,we are merely reinforcing（加强）our current habits—not improving them.Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough.But what does deliberatepractice actually look like in the real world?The first effective feedback system is___51___.This holds true for the number of pages we read,the numberof pushups we do,the number of sales calls we make,and any other task that is important to us.It is only through measurement that we have any___52___of whether we are getting better or worse.The second effective feedback system is coaching.One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for___53___deliberate practice.In many cases,it is nearly impossible to both perform a task andmeasure your progress at the same time.Good coaches can track your progress,find small ways to improve,andhold you___54___to delivering your best effort each day.Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity.It requires sustained effort and concentration,but if you can manage to maintain your focus and___55___,then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempting:to get themost out of what you’ve got.41.A.Since B.Whether C.While D.As42.A.awareness B.performance C.enjoyment D.intelligence43.A.equivalent B.ambition C.challenge D.appeal44.A.overlook B.insert C.detect D.implement45.A.transport B.translate C.transplant D.transform46.A.For example B.On the contrary C.As a result D.On the other hand48.A.outcome B.enemy C.source D.substitute49.A.distracted B.imposed C.assumed D.noted50.A.reality B.despair C.contrast D.return51.A.encouragement pliment C.measurement D.management52.A.motivation B.proof C.trouble D.concern53.A.resisting B.eliminating C.defining D.sustaining54.A.accountable B.opposed C.addicted D.parallel55.A.existence mitment C.dignity D.perspectiveSection BDirections：Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one that fits best accordingto the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）A traffic jam when you’re already late.A free ride when you’ve already paid.The fact that the King James Bible is the most shoplifted book in the United States.One of these three things is an example of irony—the reversal of what is expected or intended.The other twoare not.The difference between them may be one of the most curious linguistic（语言学的）misunderstandingsyou’re likely to encounter.“Ironic”does not,technically,mean“unfortunate,”“interesting,”or“coincidental,”despitethese terms often being used interchangeably.And that frequent misuse has not escaped linguists（语言学家）；according to the editors at ,“We estimate that ironic might be the most abused word in the Englishlanguage.”So what does irony really mean and where does the confusion come from?Part of the ambiguity probably originates from the fact that there are no fewer than three definitions of irony depending on which dictionary youuse.There’s Socratic irony（an ancient dialogue move），and dramatic irony（an ancient theatrical move），but thedefinition of irony we care about is situational irony.Situational irony occurs when,as the Oxford EnglishDictionary defines it,“a state of affairs or an event…seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is oftenslightly amusing as a result.”The trick,is the deliberately contrary part—for a situation to be ironic,it must be the opposite of what is expected, not merely an amusing coincidence.A traffic jam when you’re already late may be an undesirable coincidence,butit is not the opposite outcome one would expect when leaving for work late.Instead,College Humor writer PatrickCassels corrects the situation like this:“A traffic jam when you’re already late to receive an award from the MuncipalPlanning Board for reducing the city’s automobile congestion by80percent.”Now that’s irony.56.The common misunderstanding of the word“ironic”is that_____.A.it describes something unlucky,amusing or coincidentalB.it shows something that is opposite to what is expected or intendedC.it means unfortunate,interesting and coincidental at the same timeD.it is not the most abused word in the English language57.The underlined word“ambiguity”means______.A.distinctionB.understandingC.uncertaintyD.issue58.Which following situation can be described as“ironic”according to the above passage?A.John was supposed to enjoy a free ride but actually he had paid for it before.B.Alexander Bell invented the telephone,but refused to keep one in his study for fear of distraction.C.Y ou had planned a perfect wedding and invited all the important people,when it started to rain.D.McDonalds’employee warned against eating Kentucky Fried Chicken burgers and fries.59.What will be the best title for the passage?A.An Unexpected Traffic JamB.The Most Misused Word in EnglishC.Why Is the Word Irony MisusedD.Curious Linguists Settled Another Misunderstanding（B）60.In Fabric&Styles,which item leaves you with the least personal choice?A.FabricB.Fly StyleC.Pocket StyleD.Thread Color61.According to the passage,which of the following statements is True?A.The tailor will meet all the requirements on your jeans on condition that you state every detail clearly in yourorder.B.If the order with wrong measurements has already been processed,nothing can be done to fix the situation.C.Before payment,you’d better check your order in detail and can still make modifications if necessary.D.Y ou will have to wash your jeans upon receipt,because they don’t fit perfectly until they shrink a little afterwashing.62.If you place an overseas order with full payments by PayPal on October12,you will receive your jeans no laterthan______.A.Oct.21B.Oct.26C.Nov.16D.Nov.20（C）Social norms of right and wrong are vital to a well-functioning society.However,such moral standards are changeable and the psychological mechanisms（机制）driving this change are unknown.Now,researchers at Karolinska Institutet report that our view of selfish and unselfish behaviors changes depending on how common they are.The results are based on a combination of behavioral experiments,mathematical models and computer simulations.In the experiments,the participants first observed other people’s behavior in a so-called“public goodsgame”，in which players receive a sum of money and then choose either to invest it to varying degrees so that itbenefits everyone in the group,or to keep it for themselves.After every round,the participants were asked to judgethe different choices as morally right or wrong,and whether the choices ought to be punished with a reduction inhow much the players gained.Uselfish behavior was considered more morally right than selfish,but both behaviors were judged to be more Moral and less deserving of punishment if the majority exhibited them than if they were uncommon.The Commonness of the selfish behavior also affected the participants’willingness to themselves pay to punish selfishness.“Tolerance of selfish behavior increased when the majority of the players kept the money for themselves,which surprised me,”says principal investigator Andreas Olsson,senior lecturer at Karolinska Institutet’s Department ofClinical Neuroscience.“The fact that a behavior is common doesn’t automatically mean that it’s right—this idea isbased on faulty logical that confuses facts with moral values.”The study shows our view of what is morally right and wrong has strong similarities with social conformity,in that we tend to adapt ourselves to the people around us and how they behave.This means that changes in our social environment can quickly alter our moral compass.“This is interesting from several angles,and could explain why normal attitudes change over time,such asthose towards public goods or legality,”says Bjorn Lindstrom,postdoc at University of Zurich and Karolinska Institutet’s Department of Clinical Neuroscience.63.According to Andreas Olsson’s analysis,if people accept selfish behavior,they actually_____.A.get facts and moral values mixed upB.misunderstand social mechanismsC.follow the logic of their ownD.consider it correct and reasonable64.It can be concluded that the participants in the experiments are punished if_____.A.they can’t play“public goods game”B.invest the money to benefit group membersC.they behave differently from the majorityD.they keep the money for themselves65.According to the passage,what is morally right or wrong is shaped by the following Expert___.A.the way people around us behaveB.changes in our social environmentC.personal standards of values and attitudesD.how widespread a particular behavior is66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.The psychological mechanisms behind attitude changeB.Behavior is considered more moral the more common it isC.Our view of selfish and unselfish behaviorsD.Moral standards of selfish and unselfish behaviorsSection CDirections：Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank.Thereare two extra statements,which you do not need.FIVE W A YS TO KILL YOUR DREAMSI dedicated the past two years to understanding how people achieve their dreams.When we think about the dreams we have,and the footprint we want to leave in the universe,it is striking to see how big of an overlap thereis between the dreams that we have and projects that never happen.So I’m here to talk to you today about five wayshow not to follow your dreams.One:___67___.Y ou know the story,right?The tech guy built a mobile app and sold it very fast for a lot of money.Y ou knowthe story may seem real,but I bet it’s incomplete.If you go investigate further,the guy has done30apps before andhe has done a master’s on the topic,a Ph.D.He has been working on the topic for20years.This is really interesting.I myself have a story in Brazil that people think is an overnight success.I come from a humble family,and twoweeks before the deadline to apply to MIT,I started the application process.And,voila!I got in.People may thinkit’s an overnight success,but that only worked because for the17years prior to that,I took life and education seriously.You overnight success story is always a result of everything you’ve done in your life through that moment.Two:Believe someone else has the answers for you.Constantly,people want to help out,right?All sorts of people:your family,your friends,your business partners, they all have opinions on which path you should take:“And let me tell you,go through this pipe.”But wheneveryou go inside,there are other ways you have to pick as well.And you need to make those decisions yourself.___68___.And you need to keep picking those decisions,right?The pipes are infinite and you’re going to bumpyour head,and it’s a part of process.Three:Decide to settle when growth is guaranteed.So when your life is going great,you have put together a great team,and you have growing revenue,and everything is set—time to settle.When I launched my first book,I worked really,really hard to distribute iteverywhere in Brazil.With that over three million people downloaded it,over50,000people bought physical copies.When I wrote a sequel,some impact was guaranteed.Even if I did little,sales would be okay.But okay is neverokay.When you’re growing towards a peak,you need to work harder than ever and find yourself another peak.Maybe if I did little,a couple hundred thousand people would read it,and that’s great already.But if I work harderthan ever,I can bring this number up to millions.That’s why I decided,with my new book,to go to every singlestate of Brazil.And I can already see a higher peak.There’s no time to settle down.Four:Blame others for the fault.I constantly see people saying,“Y es,I had this great idea,but no investor had the vision to invest.”“Oh,I created this great product,but the market is so bad,the sales didn’t go well.”or“I can’t find good talent,my team is sobelow expectations.”___69___.Yes,it.May be hard to find talent.Yes,the market may be bad.But if no oneinvested in your idea,if no one bought your product,for sure,there is something there that is your fault.Definitely.You need to get your dreams and make them happen.And no one achieved their goals alone.But if you didn’t makethem happen,it’s your fault and no one else’s.Be responsible for your dreams.Five:Only pay attention to the dreams themselvles.Once I saw an ad,and it was a lot of friends,they were going up a mountain,it was a very high mountain and it was a lot of work.You could see that they were sweating and this was tough.And they were going up,and theyfinally made it to the peak.Of course,they decided to celebrate,right?I’m going to celebrate,so,“Yes!We madeit,we’re at the top!”Two seconds later,one looks at the other and says,“Okay,let’s go down.”Life is never aboutthe goals themselves.Life is about the journey.Yes,you should enjoy the goals themselves,but people think thatyou have dreams,and whenever you get to reaching one of those dreams,it’s a magical place where happiness willbe all around.___70___.The only way to really achieve all of your dreams is to fully enjoy every step of yourjourney.That’s the best way.Ⅳ.Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage.Summarize in no more than60words the main idea of the passage andhow it is e your own words as far as possible.It is university true that all parents in the world love their children.However,as parents'views of life vary,they show their love in different ways．The monarch type of parents are intolerant and self-centered.They lay down regulations in the family for their children to observe.Furthermore,they insist that their children should act upon them without question.With a firmbelief in their own philosophy of life,they have litter respect for others'opinions,least of all,their children's.Thesentence they say most frequently to their children is,“Y ou should do this.”Contrary to the monarch-type parents,the servant-type parents revolve around their children all the time.Theyare soft,good-nature,and easy-going.They never deny their children any wish,and cheerfully run to buy anythingtheir children ask for.They are happy so long as their children are content.With the sincere belief that love meanssacrifice,they are ready to give up anything for their children's sake.With their children at the center of their lives,The friends-type parents,as the term implies,treat their Children as friends.They are generous and wise.Like good friends,they discuss with their children the latest news,share their children's interests,and listen attentivelyto their children's expression of emotion,whether it is anger,fear,joy or sorrow.They have a close relationship withtheir children while sticking to their principled stand.They discuss problems with their children rather than provideready solution.They respect their children as their equals.They often say:“Let's put our heads together and seewhat we can do.”There is no doubt that children welcome the third type of parents,for a free,friendly,and sympathetic atmosphere at home is most favorable to the development of youngsters both in body and in mind.All parentsshould re-examine and change some of their ways of showing their love if they want their children to grow up happily and healthily.第二卷Ⅴ.Translation.Directions：Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.1.这次春游为同学们提供了放松的机会。
2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三(上)期中英语试卷 解析版
2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三（上）期中英语试卷II.GrammarandvocabularySectionA1．The mama﹣bear instinctMs．Angela McQueen，a math and PE teacher at Mattoon High School，Illinois，has a routine whenshe's on lunch﹣monitoring duty．She （1）（keep）an eye on the hundreds of students in her charge by walking laps（圈）around the school cafeteria．In September 2017，McQueen，then 40，had hardly finished one lap （2） a 14﹣year﹣old freshman standing not far from her pulled out a gun．She knew too well that he was going to start shooting．School employees（3）（train）on how to handle active shooters：Attack their ability （4）（aim）．So with the shooter's finger on the trigger，McQueen rushed to him．（5）（grab）at his arm，she forced the gun into the air，but not （6）he struck one student in the hand and chest and hurt another．As students ran for the exits，McQueen defeated the shooter with help from the school resource officer，（7）disarmed the student and took him into imprisonment until police arrived minutes later．Afterward，McQueen went outside to give hugs and support to her shaken students．"It's the mama﹣bear instinct，" she told the local paper．"I don't have kids of my own，but these are still‘（8）' kids．"（9）McQueen，a story that has played out tragically at far too many schools across the country had a relatively happy ending．"If it hadn't been for her，the situation would have been a lot different，" Police Chief Jeff Branson said at a news conference．As one （10）（impress）student told CBS News，"Mr．McQueen is our heroine．" SectionB2．Photography is often perceived as an objective，and therefore unbiased，medium for documenting andpreserving historic moments and national and world histories，and for visualizing and narrating news stories．But the choices made by a photographer ﹣including how the image is （1），what is left in or out of the frame，and how it may be cropped，edited，or otherwise altered after it is taken ﹣introduce a point﹣of﹣view into the photograph and （2）impact how we receive and understand images．Such considerations raise critical questions about how willingly we accept any one photograph as a reflection of （3）truth．Photographs can bear （4）to history and even serve as catalysts（催化剂）for change．They can foster sympathy and raise awareness or，（5），offer critical commentary on historical people，places，and events．Throughout the history of the medium，photographers have aimed to capture the essence of events they saw with their own eyes﹣though the question of the trustworthiness of their images is always up for debate．Though Dorothea Lange had been operating a successful portrait studio in San Francisco since 1919，she was moved by the homeless people as the Great Depression began to take its toll，and she started photographing them．These photographs led to her being hired by the federal Farm Security Administration（FSA），formed to raise awareness of and provide aid to poor farmers．Lange closely identified with the FSA's mission，which was to（6）the effects of the Depression on Americans，bringing attention to their struggles so that such events would never recur．Due in part to her work with the FSA，Lange became known as a pioneer of documentary photography，a （7）she disliked because she felt the term did not reflect the passionate social motivations that fueled her work．Dorothea Lange took this photograph Migrant Mother，Nipomo，California in 1936，while employedby the FSA program．In Nipomo，California，Lange came across Florence Owens Thompson and her children in a camp filled with field workers whose livelihoods were devastated by the failure of the pea crops．Recalling her encounter with Thompson years later，she said，"I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother．I do not remember how I explained my （8）or my camera to her，but I do remember she asked me no questions．I madefive exposures，working closer and closer from the same direction．" One photograph from that shoot，now known as Migrant Mother，was widely（9）to magazines and newspapers and became a symbol of the plight of migrant farm workers during the Great Depression．As Lange described Thompson's situation，"She and her children had been living on frozen vegetablesfrom the field．Yet they could not move on，for she had just sold the tires from the car to buy food．" However，Thompson later （10）Lange's account．When a reporter interviewed her in the 1970s，she insisted that she and Lange did not speak to each other，nor did she sell the tires of her car．Thompson said that Lange had either confused her for another farmer or embellished（渲染）what she had understood of her situation in order to make a better story．III.ReadingcomprehensionSectionA3．Vast parts of Earth should be left wildTo avoid mass extinctions of plants and animals，governments should protect a third of the oceans andland by 2030 and half by 2050，with a focus on areas of high biodiversity．So say leading biologists in aneditorial in the journal Science．This isn't just about saving biodiverse areas，says Jonathan Baillie of the National Geographic Society，one of the authors．It is also about saving ourselves by protecting （1）natural systems，or ecosystems，and their benefits to us，known as ecosystem services．"We are learning that the large areas that remain are important for providing services for all life．The forests，for example，are （2）for absorbing and storing carbon，" says Baillie．At present，just 3.6 per cent of the planet's oceans and 14.7 per cent of land is protected by law．At the 2010 Nagoya Conference of the Convention on Biological Diversity，governments agreed to protect 10 per cent of the oceans and 17 per cent of land by 2020．But this isn't nearly enough，says Baillie．In the editorial，he and his coauthor，Ya﹣Ping Zhang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，want governments to set much bigger （3）at the next major conference on biodiversity in 2020．"We have to enormously（4）our ambition if we want to avoid an extinction crisis and if we want to maintain the ecosystem services that we（5）benefit from，" says Baillie．"The trends are in a （6）direction，it's just we have to move much faster．"It is hard to work out how much space is needed to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem （7），the pair say，because there is so much we don't know about life on Earth ﹣like how many species there are．（8），most estimates suggest that between 25 and 75 percent of high biodiversity regions or major ecosystems should be protected．Therefore，we，including governments，should be（9）when setting goals and strategies．"There is no doubt that we need far more land and sea（10）for conserving and retaining nature，"says James Watson at the University of Queensland in Australia．"Targets like 50 per cent are in the right ball park when it comes to the minimal（11）of area needed to conserve biodiversity．"But Watson and others stress that which areas get protected is even more important than the overall percentage．"The key thing is to protect the right areas，" says Jose Montoya of the Station for Theoretical and Experimental Ecology in Moulis，France．"If we （12）protect a proportion of the territory，governments will likely protect what's easy，and that's usually areas of （13）biodiversity and ecosystem service provision．"In fact，a third of the 3.6 percent of land that is already meant to be protected is actually being （14），Watson's team reported last month．So only（15）areas to be protected isn't enough．（1）A．stricter B．wider C．safer D．simpler（2）A．unique B．sufficient C．critical D．fit（3）A．examples B．values C．awards D．objectives（4）A．increase B．achieve C．lack D．frustrate（5）A．barely B．currently C．roughly D．thoroughly（6）A．opposite B．fixed C．complex D．positive（7）A．approaches B．management C．benefits D．degradation （8）A．Therefore B．Furthermore C．However D．Otherwise（9）A．concerned B．changeable C．firm D．cautious（10）A．deserted B．secured C．measured D．distributed （11）A．damage B．cost C．amount D．standard（12）A．completely B．merely C．virtually D．desperately （13）A．mass B．tropical C．marine D．low（14）A．exploited B．expanded C．restored D．discovered （15）A．developing B．covering C．declaring D．utilizing SectionB4．The summer I turned 16，my father gave me his ‘69 Chevy Malibu convertible（敞篷车）．Beautifullyrepainted with V﹣8 engine﹣it was a gift wasted on me at that age．What did I know about classic cars？The important thing was that Hannah and I could drive around Tucson with the top down．Hannah was my best friend， a year younger but much taller，almost five foot ten．"Hannah's going tobe something，" my mother always said．And sure enough，that summer she signed with a modeling agency．She was already doing catalog and runway work．A month after my birthday，Hannah and I went to the movies．On the way home，westopped at the McDonald's drive﹣through，putting the fries on the seat between us to share．"Let's ride around awhile，" I said．It was a clear night，oven﹣warm，full moon cast low over the desert．Taking a curve too fast，I hit a patch of dirt and slid from side to side．I then cut through a neighbor's landscape wall and drove into a full﹣grown palm．The front wheels came to rest halfway up the tree trunk．French fries on the floor，the dash，and my lap．An impossible amount of blood on Hannah's face，pieces of skin hanging into hereyes．They took us in separate ambulances．In the emergency room，my parents spoke quietly：Best plastic surgeon in the city．End of her modeling career．We'd been wearing leg belts，but the car didn't have shoulder bands．I'd damaged my cheekbone on the wheel；Hannah's forehead had split wide open on the dash．What would I say to her？When her mother，Sharon，came into my hospital room，I started to cry，preparing myself for her anger．She sat beside me and took my hand．"I hit my best friend's car in the rear when I was your age，" she said．"I wrecked her car and mine．" "I'm so sorry，" I said．"You're both alive，" she said．"The rest is windowdressing．" I started to protest，and Sharon stopped me．"I forgive you．Hannah will too．"Sharon's forgiveness allowed Hannah and me to get back in the car together that summer，to stay friends throughout high school and college，to be in each other's weddings，and to watch my four teenagers get along with her three younger children．I think of her gift of forgiveness every time I'm tempted to blame someone in a secret for something recognized as wrong．And whenever I see Hannah，the scars are so faded that no one else would notice，but in the sunlight I can still see the faint shimmer（微光）just below her hairline﹣for me，a sign of grace．（1）Which of the following about Hannah is TRUE according to the passage？A．She was not as badly injured as the author．B．She never really forgave me though her mother did．C．She learned the gift of forgiveness through the accident．D．She could have been a model if she hadn't experienced the accident．（2）In paragraph 4，"window dressing" is closest in meaning to ""．A．insignificantB．colorfulC．undeterminedD．hopeful（3）According to the passage，Sharon comforted the author by．A．showing her own scarB．mentioning her own storyC．visiting the author in personD．teaching the author a personal lesson（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the article？A．A Graceful FriendB．A Lasting FriendshipC．A Lucky Car AccidentD．The Gift of Forgiveness5．Making these easy tasks part of your morning schedule will improve your nutrition，energy，and moodtoday﹣and beyond．6：00 a．m．STRETCH IN BEDTry this even before you open your eyes．Lift one arm and begin by stretching each finger，then yourhand，then your wrist，and then your whole arm．Move on to the other arm．Then stretch your toes，feet，ankles，and legs．Finally，end with a neck and back stretch that propels you out of bed．You've just limbered up your muscles and joints and enhanced blood flow throughout your body，providing a shot of oxygen to all your tissues．Take up the entire length of the bed when you stretch．According to Harvard University psychologist Amy Cuddy，this display of power is typical of a bold person，making you feel more confident all day long．7：00 a．m．EXERCISE A BIT﹣ON AN EMPTY STOMACHWorking out before you eat，researchers say，encourages your body to burn more fat for energy ratherthan relying on carbohydrates from food．In a Journal of Physiology study，participants who exercised after breakfast still gained weight （as did a control group who didn't exercise），but those who exercised on an empty stomach did not．Moreover，research from the University of Vermont shows that the mood﹣enhancing benefits of a 20﹣minute workout can last for 12 hours，a boost you'll want to enjoy all day long．BREAK YOUR FAST TWICEBreakfast is the most important meal of the day，so why not have two？A study published in the journal Pediatric Obesity tracked the weight and breakfast﹣eating patterns of 584 students over two years．They found that frequent breakfast skippers showed increased odds of becoming overweight or obese compared with those who ate two breakfasts （one at home and one at school）．The sensible takeaway：If you eat more in the morning，you'll be less likely to snack at night，when it's harder to burn off calories．8：00 a．m．SEEK OUT GOOD NEWSIn a 2015 study，researchers asked one group of participants to watch just three minutes of positive，solutions﹣focused news （such as a video of a 70﹣year﹣old man who got his graduation certificate after failing the test dozens of times）．These participants were 27 percent more likely to report a few hours later that their day had been "happy" than people who watched negative news in the morning．Study author Gielan also cited substantial evidence that negative moods affect workplace performance．Voila! You've improved your state of mind，your health，and your productivity﹣all before the weekdayhas even begun．Now you're ready to conquer your to﹣do list for today and every day．（1）The article is written to．A．give professional guidance on keeping fitB．reveal some research results about healthC．put forward several suggestions for morning routinesD．offer some tips on how to improve workplace performance（2）It is suggested that you should occupy the entire bed when you stretch because it especially．A．increases your confidenceB．helps you out of bed easilyC．stimulates your blood circulationD．has an effect on your overall health（3）Who is least likely to gain weight according to the article？A．Those who skip breakfasts frequently．B．Those who do morning stretching in bed．C．Those who have double breakfasts in the morning．D．Those who have their breakfast before morning exercise．6．What is the single most effective way to reduce greenhouse﹣gas emissions？Go vegetarian？Replant theAmazon？Cycle to work？None of the above．The answer is：make air﹣conditioners radically better．On one calculation，replacing refrigerants（制冷剂）that damage the atmosphere would reduce total greenhouse gases by the equivalent of 90bn tons of CO2 by 2050．Making the units more energy﹣efficient could double that．Air﹣conditioning is one of the world's great overlooked industries．Automobiles and air﹣conditioners were invented at roughly the same time，and both have had a huge impact on where people live and work．Unlike cars，though，air﹣conditioners have drawn little criticism for their social impact，emissions or energy efficiency．Most hot countries do not have rules to govern their energy use．Yet air﹣conditioning has done quite a lot of things to benefit humankind．It has transformed productivity in the tropics and helped turn southern China into the workshop of the world．In Europe，its spread has pushed down heat﹣related deaths ten times less than what it was in 2003，when around 70，000 people，most of them elderly，died in a heatwave．For children，air﹣conditioned classrooms and dormitories are associated with better grades at school．Environmentalists who call air﹣conditioning "a luxury we cannot afford" have half a point，however．In the next ten years，as many air﹣conditioners will be installed around the world as were put in between1902（when air﹣conditioning was invented）and 2005．Until energy can be produced without carbon emissions，these extra machines will warm the world．At the moment，therefore，air﹣conditioners create a vicious cycle．The more the Earth warms，the more people needthem．But the more there are，the warmer the world will be．Cutting the impact of cooling requires three things（beyond turning up the thermostat（温度调节器）tomake rooms less Arctic）．First，air﹣conditioners must become much more efficient．The most energy﹣efficient models on the market today consume only about one﹣third as much electricity as average ones．Minimum energy﹣performance standards need to be raised，or introduced in countries that lack them altogether，to push the average unit's performance closer to the standard of the best．Next，manufactures should stop using damaging refrigerants．One category of these，hydrofluorocarbons，is over 1，000 times worse than carbon dioxide when it comes to trapping heat in the atmosphere．An international deal to phase out these pollutants，called the Kigali amendment，will come into force in 2019．Foot﹣draggers should approve and implement it；America is one country that has not done so．Last，more could be done to design offices，malls and even cities so they do not need as many air﹣conditioners in the first place．More buildings should be built with overhanging roofs or balconies for shade，or with natural air﹣circulation．Simply painting roofs white can help keep temperatures down．Better machines are necessary．But cooling as an overall system needs to be improved if air﹣conditioners is to fulfill its promise to make people healthier，wealthier and wiser，without too high an environmental cost．Providing indoor shelters of air﹣conditioned comfort need not come at the expense of an overheating world．（1）Why does the author think air﹣conditioning is an overlooked industry？A．Because many hot countries haven't put the energy﹣controlling rules into force．B．Because it has caused the same impact on people's life and work as automobiles have．C．Because it has brought great economic，physical，and educational benefits to humans．D．Because it doesn't get the due criticism for its environmental impact as automobiles do．（2）What can we learn from Paragraph 4？A．The price of air﹣conditioning will go up due to the large demand for it．B．A high environmental cost will come along with the air﹣conditioning service．C．Environmentalists are expecting extra machines which can warm the world．D．Governments partially agree that air﹣conditioning is a luxury we cannot afford．（3）With regard to the measures to cut the impact of cooling，which of the following statements is TRUE？A．Manufacturers should only stop using hydrofluorocarbons．B．People should avoid turning up the air﹣conditioners to have cool rooms on hot days．C．People should adopt more environmentally﹣friendly materials when designing buildings．D．Governments should give a green light to the agreement on eliminating the pollutants．（4）The author writes this passage to．A．arouse people's attention to the global warmingB．appeal for the global joint efforts to combat global warmingC．give credit to air﹣conditioning for its great contributions to humansD．offer a new perspective on how to reduce greenhouse gases emissionsSectionC7．Bill Gates doesn't pretend he lives in an egalitarian（主张平等的）household．When it comes to parenting his three children，the billionaire Microsoft giant readily admits his wife Melinda has done more than her share of the work raising the kids．"My wife does 80%，" Gates told a crowd of Harvard students last Thursday．Gates spent two yearsthere taking math and computer science courses as a pre﹣law student，but never finished up his degree．"Myeldest graduates from Stanford in June，so I'm optimistic she won't fall into myfootsteps，" Gatesjoked．（1）They followed a 1970s "Love and Logic" parenting model．The core idea of the philosophy is centered on the idea of exerting emotional control，essentially minimizing emotional reactions like shouting or scolding kids．（2）Gates admits he and his wife haven't been perfect at carrying out the approach．"Can you get rid of the emotion？You can't totally do it，" he said．Aside from ruling in hot﹣blooded parent tempers，the love and logic model also stresses the importanceof not leaning into rewards for kids，but instead demonstrating unconditional love and admiring kids forwho they are，not what they do （or don't）achieve，like a poor test score．"Many highly successful people struggled with grades as children，" Fay wrote on his site．"（3）"The model is a bit like the ideal method，in that it pushes parents to focus on asking questions of their kids and getting them to think about how to solve their own problems，instead of feeding them answers．（4）．However，he knew he wanted to do things differently with his own kids．It wasn't the only way he set boundaries for his children while they were growing up．None of his kids owned a cell phone until they were 14 years old．And they will each get about ﹩10 million of their parents fortune as inheritance，a mere fraction of the giant's roughly ﹩90billion net worth．"We want to strike a balance where they have the freedom to do anything，but not a lot of money showered on them so they could go out and do nothing，" Gates once told TED．IV.Summarywriting8．Summary writingThe life of a journalist can be exciting．To be in constant pursuit of the latest news demandsa curiositythat can only be rewarded by getting to "where it is happening" as soon as possible．The goal，of course，is to relate what is happening to the public as clearly as possible．However，every journalist must be careful to report not only a vivid picture of what is happening，buta true picture．Each journalist reports his or her own version of what has taken place．Still，thisversion must be an actual account if the reporter is to maintain a reliable reputation．In order to get to the truth in some news stories，a reporter must rely on the statements of someone who is on the inside of the situation．Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider's name．The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed．Because stories of this nature often involve criminal activity，reporting them becomes a dangerous job．This kind of work involved in obtaining news in this manner serves as an inviting situation for the underworld as well as the legal world．Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet．Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will obstruct（阻挠）justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider's name．Devotion has given journalism its reputation for reliability ﹣ a reliability that each journalist is expectedto uphold in his or her search for truth．Supplying a truthful account of each day's occurrences is the serious contract made between reporter and the public．I.Translations9．嫌疑人已抓获，所有相关证据已移交警方．（concern）10．众所周知，学习方法因人而异，适合你的不一定适合我．（necessarily）11．我突然想到，我忘记提醒班长集合时间了，随即给他发了一个消息．（It）12．学生表达自我的能力越强，他们就越可能在入学面试中脱颖而出，这促使了他们将练习演讲作为每日常规．（rule）II.Guidedwriting13．高三毕业在即，我校《金苹果》英语报要征集同学交往中的印象深刻的事．请向报纸投稿，叙述你与同学交往中的一件令你印象深刻的事，并谈谈感悟．文中不能透露真实姓名．2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三（上）期中英语试卷参考答案与试题解析II.GrammarandvocabularySectionA1．The mama﹣bear instinctMs．Angela McQueen，a math and PE teacher at Mattoon High School，Illinois，has a routine whenshe's on lunch﹣monitoring duty．She （1）keeps（keep）an eye on the hundreds of students in her charge by walking laps（圈）around the school cafeteria．In September 2017，McQueen，then 40，had hardly finished one lap （2）whena 14﹣year﹣old freshman standing not far from her pulled out a gun．She knew too well thathe was going to start shooting．School employees（3）had been trained（train）on how to handle active shooters：Attack their ability（4）to aim（aim）．So with the shooter's finger on the trigger，McQueen rushed to him．（5）Grabbing（grab）at his arm，she forced the gun into the air，but not （6）before he struck one student in the hand and chest and hurt another．As students ran for the exits，McQueen defeated the shooter with help from the school resource officer，（7）who disarmed the student and took him into imprisonment until police arrived minutes later．Afterward，McQueen went outside to give hugs and support to her shaken students．"It's the mama﹣bear instinct，" she told the local paper．"I don't have kids of my own，but these are still‘（8）my' kids．"（9）Thanks to McQueen，a story that has played out tragically at far too many schools across the country had a relatively happy ending．"If it hadn't been for her，the situation would have been a lot different，" Police Chief Jeff Branson said at a news conference．As one （10）impressed（impress）student told CBS News，"Mr．McQueen is our heroine．"【分析】本文讲述了发生在美国一所学校的枪击事件，幸运的是一位老师凭着"熊妈妈本能"制服了这个杀手，挽救了众多学生的生命．【解答】（1）．keeps；考查谓语动词一般现在时．本句讲述老师每天的工作内容，所以用一般现在时主语是第三人称单数．（2）．when；考查句型．本句运用了had done sth．when 从句句型"刚做了…这时…"此句是"他还没走玩一圈，这时不远处一个青少年拔出了手枪"（3）．had been trained；考查过去完成时的被动语态．train是动词"培训" ，School employees （学校员工）与train是被动关系并且发生在枪击事件发生之前，所以用had been trained．（4）．to aim；考查动词不定式．考查结构"…能力"（the ability to do sth．），aim是动词，所以填写to aim．（5）．Grabbing；考查现在分词短语．此处是非谓语动词，逗号后是一个句子．grab"猛夺，拽"，动词．老师猛拽他胳膊，（同时）把他的枪甩到空中．所以用grabbing主动结构表示伴随，位于句首要用大写首字母．（6）．before；考查连词．字面意思应该是：但是，在手枪击中一个学生的手之前，手枪没有飞上天空，也就是说：手枪击中一个学生的手和胸部并上到另一个学生之后，老师把手枪撞到空中．（7）．who；考查非限制性定语从句．disarmed，缴了…的枪械，动词，谓语，所以空格处填写who做定语从句的主语，指代人．（8）．my；考查形容词性物主代词．根据句意：老师说"我自己没有孩子，但是这些孩子就是'我的'孩子"．（9）．Thanks to；考查词组．Thanks to：多亏句意是：多亏了这位老师，全国很多学校发生的悲剧在这所学校是一个快乐的结局．（10）．impressed；考查过去分词当形容词用法．impressed是形容词来做student的定语，意为：一个（对枪击事件）印象深刻的学生说道…【点评】首先要通读全文，了解大意，抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，仔细分析带空格的句子，明确空格所要填的词义，词型和短语搭配，给出所要填的正确形式，然后整体阅读短文，核对答案．SectionB2．Photography is often perceived as an objective，and therefore unbiased，medium for documenting andpreserving historic moments and national and world histories，and for visualizing and narrating news stories．But the choices made by a photographer ﹣including how the image is （1）B，what is left in or out of the frame，and how it may be cropped，edited，or otherwise altered after it is taken ﹣introduce a point﹣of﹣view into the photograph and （2）E impact how we receive and understand images．Such considerations raise critical questions about how willingly we accept any one photograph as a reflection of （3）A truth．Photographs can bear （4）F to history and even serve as catalysts（催化剂）for change．They can foster sympathy and raise awareness or，（5）C，offer critical commentary on historical people，places，and events．Throughout the history of the medium，photographers have aimed to capture the essence of events they saw with their own eyes﹣though the question of the trustworthiness of their images is always up for debate．Though Dorothea Lange had been operating a successful portrait studio in San Francisco since 1919，she was moved by the homeless people as the Great Depression began to take its toll，and she started photographing them．These photographs led to her being hired by the federal Farm Security Administration（FSA），formed to raise awareness of and provide aid to poor farmers．Lange closely identified with the FSA's mission，which was to（6）D the effects of the Depression on Americans，bringing attention to their struggles so that such events would never recur．Due in part to her work with the FSA，Lange became known as a pioneer of documentary photography，a （7）K she disliked because she felt the term did not reflect the passionate social motivations that fueled her work．Dorothea Lange took this photograph Migrant Mother，Nipomo，California in 1936，while employedby the FSA program．In Nipomo，California，Lange came across Florence Owens Thompson and her children in a camp filled with field workers whose livelihoods were devastated by the failure of the pea crops．Recalling her encounter with Thompson years later，she said，"I。
2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区高三(上)期末英语试卷(解析版)
2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区高三（上）期末英语试卷Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．A．Blue．B．Green．C．Yellow．D．Purple．2．A．7：15．B．7：45．C．8：00．D．8：15．3．A．In a restaurant．B．At the man's house．C．In a supermarket．D．In the hospital．4．A．The CEO won't be free at that time．B．The lecture hall isn't big enough．C．The equipment in the lecture hall is out of order．D．The lecture hall is not reserved early enough．5．A．An athlete．B．A fitness instructor．C．A mechanic．D．A medical doctor．6．A．Take a deep breath．B．Take some aspirin．C．See a doctor．D．Drive to the hospital．7．A．The man shouldn't order food in such awful weather．B．The delay of the delivery is caused by the awful weather．C．There is a problem with the policy of food delivery．D．The man should have his delivery fee returned．8．A．Having an outing．B．Ordering various drinks．C．Preparing for a party．D．Choosing suitable drinks．9．A．Thoughtful．B．Terrified．C．Apologetic．D．Annoyed．10．A．He followed his grandmother's steps of cooking．B．He has a great talent for cooking．C．He is a green hand in cooking．D．He improved the dish of his grandmother．Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two passages and a longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.11．（1）A．Literature．B．Business．C．Cooking．D．History．（2）A．Christopher Columbus．B．People in Mexico．C．Hernando Cortez．D．Daniel Peter．（3）A．The development of chocolate．B．The introduction of Cortez．C．The contributions of Columbus．D．The usage of cocoa beans．12．（1）A．Les Misréables．B．Red．C．My Week with Marilyn．D．The Theory of Everything．（2）A．He rose to fame overnight．B．He has been a household name．C．He was recommended by Prince Harry．D．He first appeared in a stage play in 2004．（3）A．His small brown spots on the face．B．His graduation from famous schools．C．His remarkable gift for performing on stage．D．His involvement in various styles of performance．13．（1）A．A chef tends to work at entry level jobs．B．A chef works in a non﹣professional setting．C．A chef has the ability to create the recipe．D．A chef is as professional as a cook．（2）A．He received the training in the culinary （烹饪）school．B．He stuck to the traditional recipe without any change．C．He had a natural skill in cooking the cuisine．D．His latest book was on the list of NYT bestseller list．（3）A．Make some easy dishes like chopping vegetables．B．Cook with the accurate measurement and no spice．C．Make an efficient and delicate cooking．D．Cook with creativity and passion．（4）A．Working as a chef．B．Dos and don'ts about a chef．C．Tips for cooking．D．Recommendation of a bestseller．Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．Is Climate Change Consuming Your Favorite Foods？Due to climate change，the world's endangered lists are no longer just for animals．We may not only need to adapt ourselves to living in a warmer world but a （1）（tasty）one as well．As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to global warming （2）（continue）to affect weather，we often forget that they are also impacting the quantity，the quality，and the growing locations of our food．Some foods have already felt the impact while （3）may even become scarce within the next 30 years．Whether or not you try to limit yourself （4）one cup of coffee a day，the effects of climate change on the world's coffee﹣growing regions may leave you little choice．Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are reported to have been threatening coffee plantations in South America，Africa，Asia，and Hawaii．The result？Significant cuts in coffee yield．According to organizations like Australia's Climate Institute，half of the present coffee﹣producing areas （5）（estimate）not to be suitable by the year 2050，if current climate patterns continue．With temperatures continuously rising，oceans are absorbing some of the heat and undergoing warming of their own，（6）（cause）a decline in fish population，including in lobsters that are cold﹣blooded creatures，and in salmons （鲑鱼）（7）eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperatures．Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marine bacteria to grow and lead to illness in humans whenever （8）（take）with raw seafood，like oysters．And how about that satisfying "crack" which you get when you are eating crabs and lobsters？It could be silenced （9）shellfish have been struggling to build their calcium carbonate （碳酸钙）shells，which is a result of ocean acidification．Even worse is the possibility （10）we will have no seafood to enjoy at all．In a 2006 Dalhousie University study，scientists predicted that if over﹣fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate，the world's seafood stocks would run out by the year 2050．Section BDirections：Fill in each blanks with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．A．partneredB．evolutionC．formerlyD．advanceE．tailoredF．pursueG．transformingH．voluntarilyI．balancingJ．equalK．loyaltyWorkforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly．Rather than the standard working day of nine to five，employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives．Advances in technology are （1）the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace．To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade，employee benefits provider Unum UK （2）with The Future Laboratory to survey 3，000 workers across several industries．They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce．The result outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the（3）of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce．They are the obligated and the self﹣fulfilled workers．"Obligated workers" refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation，（4）raising children with caring for elderly parents．Therefore，they value a career （5）to life stages and events and financial security．Joel Defries，33，father of one kid and partner at London Vodka said，"A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave （陪产假）and to value my family just as much as I value my job．"Self﹣fulfilled workers are committed to life﹣long learning and acquiring new skills rather than （6）to an employer．They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them （7）both their personal and professional ambitions．They treat personal commitments and pursuits as （8）to professional commitments．Elly Kemp，31，（9） a full ﹣time employee，now working part﹣time in a caféand also assisting with her grandmother's care said，"My approach to work allows me the freedom to（10）my career at my own pace．Iwant my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and do whatever makes me happy at the time．" Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.16．Early decision ﹣you apply to one school，and admission is binding （有法律约束力的）﹣seems like a great choice for nervous applicants．Schools （1） a higher percentage of early﹣decision applicants，which arguably means that you have a better chance of being enrolled．And if you do，you're done with the whole painful process by December．But most students and parents don't realize that schools have hidden （2）for offering early decision．Early decision，since it's binding，allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students；it allows （3）committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come．It also gives schools a higher yield rate （优秀学生率），which is often used as one of the ways to（4）college selectivity and popularity．The problem is that this process effectively （5）the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point．Under （6）admissions，seniors have to choose which school to attend until May 1；early decision effectively steals six months from them，months that could be used to visit more schools，do more research，speak to current students and alumni （校友）and make a more（7）decision．For any given student in America，whatever their levels are，there are a number of schools that area great（8）．When students become too fixed on a particular school early in the admissionsprocess，that fixation can lead to（9）severe disappointment if they don't get in or，if they do，it is likely that they are now bound to go to a school that，given time for further （10），may not actually be right for them．Early decision offers a genuine admissions edge．That advantage goes largely to students who already have（11）advantages．The students who use early decision tend to be those who have received higher﹣quality college guidance，usually a result of coming from a more advantaged background．（12），there's an argument against early decision，as students from lower ﹣income families are far less likely to have the admissions know﹣how （招生诀窍）to（13）figure out the often confusing early deadlines．Students who have done their research and are confident that there's one school they would be thrilledto get into should，under the current system，probably （14）under early decision．For students who haven't yet done enough research，or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools，the early﹣decision system needlessly and prematurely （15）the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options．（1）A．let in B．turn down C．make up D．give away（2）A．dangers B．costs C．assumptions D．purposes（3）A．admissions B．joint C．inquiry D．investigative （4）A．detail B．measure C．achieve D．represent（5）A．neglects B．provides C．shortens D．marks（6）A．future B．regular C．random D．compulsory （7）A．informed B．honoured C．imposed D．complicated （8）A．fit B．aid C．hit D．net（9）A．therefore B．otherwise C．however D．furthermore （10）A．comment B．enhancement C．implication D．reflection （11）A．mutual B．favourite C．numerous D．temporary （12）A．In other words B．In this regard C．In particular D．In brief（13）A．hesitantly B．relatively C．deliberately D．efficiently （14）A．consult B．volunteer C．adjust D．apply（15）A．occupies B．encloses C．narrows D．explores Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C andD. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have justread.17．One recent night，while I was leafing through its pages of an old journal，my eyes met a quote by the British writer Graham Greene that I had marked．"A prejudice had something in common with an ideal．" In other words，ideals ﹣general descriptions of people's expectations of themselves and others ﹣can often lead us to unreasonable ideas．It got me thinking about how we often allowourselves to generalize about groups of people．We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin，the year of their birth or any other related factors．I grew up in a multi﹣racial corner of America．The different groups were often subject to narrowstereotypes：Jewish people were "greedy，" Mexicans were "poorly educated，" and Asians were "good at math．" These labels were taught to us from a young age．They wormed their way into our belief systems，harming how we came to see others．It made me sad growing up to see people repeat these stereotypes as if they were true．The rush﹣to﹣judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination （歧视）．You can also see these over﹣generalized description being made against today's Chinese people．Whether it be a lack of interest or worry among millennials （千禧一代）being described as "monkish，" or "dad﹣fashion （复古作风）" which has given the "greasy middle﹣aged men" tag，stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society．But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population．It's about time that we，as a society，walked away from generalizations and stereotypes．I leave you with the words of Martin Luther King Jr．from his famous "I Have a Dream" speech："I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin，but by the content of their character．" By reserving judgment and really getting to know the individual，you might just find your irrational ideas have no foundation．（1）According to the passage，how do people tend to judge others？A．By describing people's personalities．B．By truly getting to know those around．C．By observing their noticeable features．D．By following Martin Luther King's speech．（2）According to the author， a culture of discrimination appears because．A．people live in places of various racesB．people are born with unreasonable ideasC．prejudices slightly influence people's belief systemD．people usually make judgments without thinking twice（3）Examples of "millennials" and "dad﹣fashion" are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to reveal．A．generalizations have unfavourable position in societyB．generalizations have a negative influence on our societyC．generalizations are found peculiar to the middle﹣aged ChineseD．generalizations make today's Chinese people lack interest or worry（4）The passage is mainly concerned with．A．the common prejudiceB．people's expectation of themselvesC．the groundless worriesD．the famous speech of Martin Luther King18．When you cross deep water driving too fast，you risk splashing water up into the air box and having it get sucked into the internal engine，which is more common than you think．There are a few steps you should take to clear the water out before you try to start it：1．First，drain the fuel tank，fuel lines and the oil．While it's draining，put a fan on the wiring and dry it out．Remove and clean the carburetor （化油器）．2．Take the plugs out of the engine and turn it over to force any water out．Water will come out with the oil．Add oil to the engine and turn it over again，without the plug in．Let it sit for a while，then observe the oil to tell if there's any water in it （it will look like a white milky substance if there is water mixed with the oil）．If it's there，drain it again and start over until there is little or no white showing in the oil．3．Now re﹣install the spark plug，add gas，then try to start the engine．You should have a can of ether （乙醚）handy just in case it's stubborn，but don't use too much．If it starts，let it run for a few minutes without making it work faster．4．After it runs for several minutes，shut it off，drain the oil and change the filter（过滤网）．Run it again for a few minutes then shut it off and checks again for milky colored oil．If you have none，you should be good to go．5．If you cannot start the engine，you may have already ruined it and you will probably need to seeka professional to repair it，or，more likely，you'll have to replace it．（1）According to the passage， a driver turns the engine over after oil is added to it so that he can．A．drain the oil and change the filter without any difficultyB．re﹣install the spark plug and get ready to start the car againC．make a milky substance which is the mixture of water and oilD．see whether there is any water in the engine by checking the oil（2）The underlined word "stubborn" in paragraph 4 may probably means．A．reluctant to changeB．hard to switch onC．insufficient to burnD．unable to take in（3）This passage may be most helpful to．A．a policeman who knows much about car accidentsB．a secretary who has just driven across a small pondC．a driver who is incapable of fixing the car by himselfD．a teacher who is to carry out her routine car maintenance19．One of the features of a successful business is its ability to employ creativity to constantly push into new territory．Without growth and innovation，businesses eventually fade away．Those with staying power，however，have mastered an often﹣overlooked factor that allows them to focus on the future clearly：empathy （共情）．While that may surprise many，I am certain that the ability to connect with and relate to others ﹣empathy in its purest form ﹣is the force that moves businesses forward．Though the concept of empathy might go against the modern concept of a traditional workplace ﹣competitive，the reality is that for business leaders to experience success，they need to not just see or hear the activity around them，but also relate to the people they serve．Some may think they want the results from doggedly （顽强地）pursuing their goals without much thought for other people．This attitude works for some，but at some point ﹣often sooner rather than later ﹣everyone needs to rely on their relationships and established personal and professional connections．These relationships are the product of taking an honest and dedicated interest in others and their businesses．Successful people do not operate alone；each of us needs the support of others to achieve positive results that push us toward our goals．True empathy combines understanding both the emotional and the logical rationale（根据）that goes into every decision．Effectively understanding empathy involves viewing it as each person's connection to the people andmarketplace that surround them．A biological principle known as co﹣evolution explains that the adaptation of an organism is caused by the change of a related object．Similarly，businesses and their leaders participate in co﹣evolution﹣type relationships．Business success depends on empathetic leaders who are able to adapt，build on the strengths around them，and relate to their environment．When businesses fail，it is often because leaders have stopped focusing on understanding their environment and instead stay separated in their own operations．Successful business leaders are receptive to disturbance and aware of what is going on in their organizations both internally and externally．To develop an effective workforce，we must be willing to give in and meet people where they are．This can be frustrating and uncomfortable，particularly when you feel like your position makes more sense or offers a better solution．A critical part of developing empathy，however，is learning to understand，respect and implement another individual's point of view rather than forcing your own．（1）In the author's opinion，if a company wants to achieve success，it must．A．frequently develop in new areasB．always stay pure and powerfulC．concentrate on its future developmentD．value much thought for others（2）It can be inferred from the passage that．A．empathy generally depends on logical reasonsB．supports from others help to achieve ambitionsC．competition rarely exists in traditional workplacesD．striving for goals on one's own is the key to success（3）Which of the following examples can best illustrate the co﹣evolution principle？A．The boss is too occupied to realize that his employees' income is below the average．B．The head of the news agency offers little bonus to the journalists who work extra hours．C．The principal promises flexible working hours after the school moves to the countryside．D．The factory director insists on increasing the output despite the declining market demand．（4）What can be the best title of this passage？A．Empathy and Business SuccessB．The Formation of EmpathyC．Empathy and AggressivenessD．The Importance of EmpathySection CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20．A．BAT wanted to take action．B．Those who gave more tended to gain less．C．The data are ridiculous，and no one is really paying attention．D．By nature，educators are taught to give care and support others ﹣not themselves．E．Although respected for its own sake，teaching is under suspicion in today's world．F．After all，self﹣care，good mental health，positive well﹣being is one of the single best things you can do for yourself．We need to do more to help the teachers who are exhausted and stressed Teaching should not be one of the most stressful jobs in the US．But it is．"The only other profession that comes close to us for stress is nursing ﹣and we still have the numbers…by a lot．（1）""Nobody realizes how horrific working conditions are for teachers throughout the country，" Brice﹣Hyde says，an experienced teacher in New York who is part of the national group Badass Teachers Association （BAT）．（2）So they did a national study of teacher working conditions around issues like stress，work﹣life balance，respect，and more．The results are both surprising ﹣and not．If you've been seeing the stories about teacher walkouts and pay inequality，you probably aren't all that shocked to see these things like：61 percent of educators find work "always" or "often" stressful；27 percent of educators said they've been threatened or bullied；86 percent of educators feel disrespected by US Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos．Teachers are stressed out，and turnover is high．No wonder we're seeing more stories about the importance of self﹣care，classroom burnout，and mental health days for teachers．Yet，self﹣care doesn't seem to come easily for people，and this is definitely true for teachers．（3）We think it's time to change that，though．So in honor of World Mental Health Day，we are working to change the dialogue about teacher mental health．Below are some of the top challenges people give for not seeking therapy，or even basic self﹣care，along with possible solutions and workarounds for each one．We hope you share this article widely，giving support and love to your fellow educators．（4）And it's pretty much guaranteed to help you do what you set out to in the first place ﹣be a good teacher．Summary Writing21．Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．Online Pharmacy （药店）：A Foreseeable TrendOnline pharmacies may replace corner drugstores in the future，which would be of benefit to all of us．Sadly，current Federal Drug Administration （FDA）restrictions prevent many Americans from gaining access to the medicines they require online．Fortunately，online pharmacies offer these drugs and provide patients with more treatment options at lower prices．Those calling for the restrictions are wrong．Online pharmacies are crucial to numerous people．While some drugs sold online aren't FDA﹣approved，customers shouldn't be prevented from buying them．Many of the herbal remedy （草药）online pharmacies offer have been used for hundreds of years，especially in Asian countries，and they have strong safety records．Other medicines may come from foreign countries，but they aren't harming the people who use them in their own countries．Take depression pills as an example．It has been used safely for many years in France and other European countries，yet it's just now being tested in the U．S．Nowadays，just getting in to see a doctor seems to take forever，not to mention the time and money to get tests done and await the results．Thanks to the Internet，customers now know more about available medicines than ever before and are therefore able to take them without having to consult a doctor．The Internet，after all，is filled with information about all kinds of drugs．Much of it has even been written by doctors and pharmaceutical companies themselves．Another issue to consider is money．Health care costs in America are rising every year，and pharmaceutical companies are making billions．Online pharmacies typically sell their drugs at lower prices than hospital pharmacies and corner drugstores．Consumers shouldn't be blamed for seekingcheaper alternatives and refusing to line the pockets of already wealthy companies and stores．TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．这场因无视规则引发的事故值得我们深思．（ignore）23．梦想还是要有的，但不努力就不可能实现．（unless）24．正是这次经历才让我明白，我不该太过忙碌而错过生活的恩赐．（It）25．当前有一个非常令人费解的现象：一些年轻父母们宁愿把很多钱投资在早教上，也不愿意带娃旅行开阔眼界．（would rather）Guided Writing26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．网络时代，人们常常不辨别真假就在社交媒体上疯狂点赞（give the thumbs﹣up）或转发（forward），这种行为有实际意义吗？请就此现象谈谈你的看法，并结合生活中的实例加以说明．2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区高三（上）期末英语试卷参考答案与试题解析Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．A．Blue．B．Green．C．Yellow．D．Purple．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略2．A．7：15．B．7：45．C．8：00．D．8：15．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略3．A．In a restaurant．B．At the man's house．C．In a supermarket．D．In the hospital．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略4．A．The CEO won't be free at that time．B．The lecture hall isn't big enough．C．The equipment in the lecture hall is out of order．D．The lecture hall is not reserved early enough．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略5．A．An athlete．B．A fitness instructor．C．A mechanic．D．A medical doctor．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略6．A．Take a deep breath．B．Take some aspirin．C．See a doctor．D．Drive to the hospital．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略7．A．The man shouldn't order food in such awful weather．B．The delay of the delivery is caused by the awful weather．C．There is a problem with the policy of food delivery．D．The man should have his delivery fee returned．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略8．A．Having an outing．B．Ordering various drinks．C．Preparing for a party．D．Choosing suitable drinks．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略9．A．Thoughtful．B．Terrified．C．Apologetic．D．Annoyed．【分析】略【解答】D【点评】略10．A．He followed his grandmother's steps of cooking．B．He has a great talent for cooking．C．He is a green hand in cooking．D．He improved the dish of his grandmother．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two passages and a longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.11．（1）A．Literature．B．Business．C．Cooking．D．History．（2）A．Christopher Columbus．B．People in Mexico．。
上海市浦东新区2018-2019学年高三12月教学质量检测（一模）英语试卷Word版含答案
上海市浦东新区2018-2019学年高三12月教学质量检测（一模）英语试卷Word版含答案上海市浦东区2018-2019学年度第一学期质量监控试卷高三英语(满分140分，考试时间120分钟）I. Listening Comprehension (25%)温馨提示：多少汗水曾洒下，多少期待曾播种，终是在高考交卷的一刹尘埃落地，多少记忆梦中惦记，多少青春付与流水，人生，总有一次这样的成败，才算长大。
高考保持心平气和，不要紧张，像对待平时考试一样去做题，做完检查一下题目，不要直接交卷，检查下有没有错的地方，然后耐心等待考试结束。
Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Sorry. B. Annoyed.C. Excited.D. Puzzled.2. A. An accountant. B. A surgeon.C. An artist.D. A scientist.3. A. 2000 yuan. B.3200 yuan.C.1200 yuan.D.3600 yuan.4. A. On a plane. B. In a physical medical room.C. In a boat.D. In a school rest room.5. A. A job. B. An article.C. A book.D. An author.6. A. Twins. B. Classmates.C. Friends.D. Cousins.7. A. Give his ankle a good rest. B. Treat his injury immediately.C. Continue his regular exercises.D. Be careful when climbing steps.8. A. Go on a diving tour in Europe. B. Add 300 dollars to his budget.C. Travel overseas on his own.D. Join a package tour to Mexico.9. A. In case some problems should occur. B. In case they should be late.C. To avoid more work later on.D. To make better preparations.10. A. The rock band needs more hours of practice.B. The rock band is going to play here for a month.C. Their hard work has resulted in a big success.D. He appreciates the woman’s help with the band.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Its strong education system. B. Its population.C. Its growing tourism industry.D. Its bilingual signs.12. A. All citizens receive quality English teaching.B. More money should be spent on teacher training.C. An English-speaking environment should be built.D. Tourism industry should be promoted.13. A. The foreign investment will increase.B. It will bring the economic and social benefits.C. The education system will be strengthened.D. It will improve Singapore’s ranking in English level.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.13. A. He shopped for groceries.B. He took care of his sick parent.C. He cared for his younger brother.D. He made important family decisions.15. A. It may help children grow up quickly.B. It may force children to sacrifice their childhoods.C. It will turn children’s responsibility into a delig ht.D. It will make children more isolated and confused.16. A. Children getting satisfaction from helping others.B. Children taking on adult responsibility.C. Frustration and stress caused to children by parents.D. The environment for children’s better growth.Section CDirections: In Section C，you will hear a conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear a conversation and the questions about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Tour guide. B. Editor.C. Journalist.D. Typist.18. A. Some newly discovered scenic spot.B. Big changes in the Amazon valley.C. A new railway under construction.D. The beautiful Amazon rain forests.19. A. In news weeklies.B. In newspapers’ Sunday editions.C. In a local evening paper.D. In overseas edition of U.S. magazines.20. A. To become a professional writer.B. To get her life story published soon.C. To be employed by a newspaper.D. To sell her articles to a news service.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I can still remember the afternoon when we climbed the mountain as if it were yesterday.It was a sunny day. Eager to spend some time outside, I went up the mountain with my uncle. The mountain was hard (21) ________(climb) and had tough rocks and streams on it. In the end, (22) ________ (exhaust) and hot, I couldn’t go any further. So wewent back down the mountain in the end.On the way back down, my uncle asked me a question, (23) _____ left me speechless for a second: “What’s your dream,young lady?”“I have no idea,” I answered (24) _____thinking it for a while. Then he smiled and told me about his story. He did n’t perform well a t school when he was a student. Although nobody thought he could succeed, he knew clearly (25) ______his dream was-----to be a businessman. “I knew I wasn’t gifted when it came to studying, so I tried to buy snacks from a market and sell them after class,” he told me. After he left school, he started selling different items to find out which one was most attractive to customers. Of course, he often had no money in his pocket, but (26) ______ tough life was, he never gave up.“There is no doubt that a person who puts in a great deal of effort to reach his or her goal will have good luck at some point. The meaning of life is to chase your dream,” he said gently.That night I (27) ______ hardly fall asleep. I lay in bed tossing and turning, a sking myself, “What’s my motivation?”I once wanted to be a top student, but the hard work needed meant (28) _____ (put) everything into following my passion. If I find myself lacking willpower, what should I do?Leaving home early the next morning, I climbed the mountain again by (29) _____. It made methink: If we don’t experience the climb, how can we get to see the scenery on the top of the mountain? In the end, I reached the top and (30) ______ (fascinate) by the warm breeze and sunshine. Nothing could be more pleasant than that.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen fromthe box. Each word can be use onlyonce. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. quicklyB. analyzeC. programmedD. adoptionE. boredomF. unaccompaniedG. dramaticH. transformI. distractedJ. peacefullyK. prospectImagine an urban neighborhood where most of the cars are self-driving. What would it be liketo be a pedestrian?Actually, pretty good. In fact, pedestrians might end up with the run of the place.In a new study published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research, Millard-Balllooks at the __31__of urban areas where a majority of vehicles are “autonomous” or self-driving.It’s a phenomenon that’s not as f ar off as one mi ght think.“Autonomous vehicles have the potential to __32__ travel behavior,” Millard-Ball says. Heuses game theory to __33__ the interactions between pedestrians and self-driving vehicles, with afocus on yielding at crosswalks.Because autonomous vehicles are by design risk-averse, Millard-Ball's model suggests that pedestrians will be able to actwith impunity, and he thinks autonomous vehicles may facilitate ashift towards pedestrian-oriented urban neighborhoods. However, Millard-Ball also finds that the__34__ of autonomous vehicles may be hampered by their strategic disadvantage that slows themdown in urban traffic.“Pedestrians routinely play the game of chicken,” Millard-Ball writes. Crossing the street,even at a marked crosswalk without a traffic signal, requires a probability calculation: what are theodds of survival?The benefit of crossing the street __35__, instead of waiting for a gap in traffic, is traded offagainst the probability of injury or even death. Pedestrians know that drivers are not interested inrunning them down -- usually. But there is the chance a driver may be __36__, or drunk.Self-driving cars are __37__ to obey the rules of the road, including waiting for pedestriansto cross. They could provide the most __38__ transformation in urban transportation systems.Parking, street design, and transportation service networks are likely to be revolutionized. In his latest study, Millard-Ball suggests that the potential benefits of self-driving cars -- avoiding __39__ of traffic and traffic accidents -- may be outweighed by the drawbacks of an always play-it-safe vehicle that slows traffic for everybody.“From the point of view of a passenger in an automated car, it would be like driving down a street filled with __40__ five-year-old children,” Millard-Ball writes.Alternatively, planners could seize the opportunity to create more pedestrian-oriented streets. Autonomous vehicles could start a new era of pedestrian domination.III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species—defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then __41__ — runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads (蔗蟾蜍) and rats.Some things that are uncontroversial(无争议的) are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to __42__ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort — for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very__43__. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. __44__, Britain’s invasive plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a(n) __45__ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always __46__ biological diversity (多样性) in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise __47__ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature’s opportunists.The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders isalso __48__. Elimination campaigns tend to be __49__ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature —to return woods and lakes to the state before human __50__. That is misguided. Nature is an上一页下一页。
2019届上海市浦东新区建平中学高三上学期期中考试英语试卷(PDF版)
2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三（上）期中英语试卷II.GrammarandvocabularySectionA1．The mama﹣bear instinctMs． Angela McQueen， a math and PE teacher at Mattoon High School， Illinois， has a routine when she's on lunch﹣monitoring duty． She___1___ （keep） an eye on the hundreds of students in her charge by walking laps（圈） around the school cafeteria．In September 2017， McQueen， then 40， had hardly finished one lap___2___ a 14﹣year ﹣old freshman standing not far from her pulled out a gun． She knew too well that he was going to start shooting．School employees___3___（train）on how to handle active shooters：Attack their ability___4___ （aim）． So with the shooter's finger on the trigger， McQueen rushed to him．___5___（grab）at his arm， she forced the gun into the air， but not___6___ he struck one student in the hand and chest and hurt another． As students ran for the exits， McQueen defeated the shooter with help from the school resource officer，___7___ disarmed the student and took him into imprisonment until police arrived minutes later． Afterward， McQueen went outside to give hugs and support to her shaken students．"It's the mama﹣bear instinct，" she told the local paper． "I don't have kids of my own，but these are still‘___8___' kids．"___9___ McQueen， a story that has played out tragically at far too many schools across the country had a relatively happy ending． "If it hadn't been for her， the situation would have been a lot different，" Police Chief Jeff Branson said at a news conference．As one___10___ （impress） student told CBS News， "Mr． McQueen is our heroine．"【答案】1. keeps2. when3. had been trained4. to aim5. grabbing6. before7. who8. my 9. Thanks to10. impressedSectionB2．Photography is often perceived as an objective， and therefore unbiased， medium for documenting and preserving historic moments and national and world histories， and for visualizing and narrating news stories．But the choices made by a photographer ﹣ including how the image is___11___， what is left in or out of the frame， and how it may be cropped， edited， or otherwise altered after it is taken ﹣ introduce a point﹣of﹣view into the photograph and___12___ impact how we receive and understand images． Such considerations raise critical questions about how willingly we accept any one photograph as a reflection of___13___ truth．Photographs can bear___14___ to history and even serve as catalysts（催化剂）for change． They can foster sympathy and raise awareness or，___15___， offer critical commentary on historical people， places， and events． Throughout the history of the medium， photographers have aimed to capture the essence of events they saw with their own eyes﹣though the question of the trustworthiness of their images is always up for debate．Though Dorothea Lange had been operating a successful portrait studio in San Francisco since 1919，she was moved by the homeless people as the Great Depression began to take its toll， and she started photographing them． These photographs led to her being hired by the federal Farm Security Administration（FSA）， formed to raise awareness of and provide aid to poor farmers．Lange closely identified with the FSA's mission， which was to___16___ the effects of the Depression on Americans， bringing attention to their struggles so that such events would never recur． Due in part to her work with the FSA， Lange became known as a pioneer of documentary photography，a___17___ she disliked because she felt the term did not reflect the passionate social motivations that fueled her work．Dorothea Lange took this photograph Migrant Mother， Nipomo， California in 1936， while employed by the FSA program． In Nipomo， California， Lange came across Florence Owens Thompson and her children in a camp filled with field workers whose livelihoods were devastated by the failure of the pea crops． Recalling her encounter with Thompson years later， she said， "I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother． I do not remember how I explained my___18___ or my camera to her， but I do remember she asked me no questions． I made five exposures， workingcloser and closer from the same direction．" One photograph from that shoot， now known as Migrant Mother， was widely___19___ to magazines and newspapers and became a symbol of the plight of migrant farm workers during the Great Depression．As Lange described Thompson's situation， "She and her children had been living on frozen vegetables from the field． Yet they could not move on， for she had just sold the tires from the car to buy food．" However，Thompson later___20___ Lange's account． When a reporter interviewed her in the 1970s， she insisted that she and Lange did not speak to each other， nor did she sell the tires of her car． Thompson said that Lange had either confused her for another farmer or embellished（渲染） what she had understood of her situation in order to make a better story．【答案】11. B 12. E13. A 14. F15. C 16. D17. K 18. G19. I 20. JIII.ReadingcomprehensionSectionA3．Vast parts of Earth should be left wildTo avoid mass extinctions of plants and animals， governments should protect a third of the oceans and land by 2030 and half by 2050， with a focus on areas of high biodiversity． So say leading biologists in an editorial in the journal Science．This isn't just about saving biodiverse areas， says Jonathan Baillie of the National Geographic Society，one of the authors． It is also about saving ourselves by protecting___21___ natural systems， or ecosystems，and their benefits to us， known as ecosystem services． "We are learning that the large areas that remain are important for providing services for all life． The forests， for example， are___22___ for absorbing and storing carbon，" says Baillie．At present， just 3.6 per cent of the planet's oceans and 14.7 per cent of land is protected by law． At the 2010 Nagoya Conference of the Convention on Biological Diversity， governments agreed to protect 10 per cent of the oceans and 17 per cent of land by 2020．But this isn't nearly enough， says Baillie． In the editorial， he and his coauthor， Ya ﹣Ping Zhang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences， want governments to set much bigger___23___ at the next major conference on biodiversity in 2020．"We have to enormously___24___ our ambition if we want to avoid an extinction crisis and if we want to maintain the ecosystem services that we___25___ benefit from，" says Baillie． "The trends are in a___26___direction， it's just we have to move much faster．"It is hard to work out how much space is needed to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem___27___，the pair say， because there is so much we don't know about life on Earth ﹣ like how many species there are．___28___， most estimates suggest that between 25 and 75 percent of high biodiversity regions or major ecosystems should be protected．Therefore，we， including governments，should be___29___ when setting goals and strategies．"There is no doubt that we need far more land and sea___30___ for conserving and retaining nature，"says James Watson at the University of Queensland in Australia． "Targets like 50 per cent are in the right ball park when it comes to the minimal___31___ of area needed to conserve biodiversity．"But Watson and others stress that which areas get protected is even more important than the overall percentage． "The key thing is to protect the right areas，" says Jose Montoya of the Station for Theoretical and Experimental Ecology in Moulis， France． "If we___32___ protect a proportion of the territory，governments will likely protect what's easy， and that's usually areas of___33___ biodiversity and ecosystem service provision．"In fact， a third of the 3.6 percent of land that is already meant to be protected is actually being___34___，Watson's team reported last month． So only___35___ areas to be protected isn't enough．21. A. stricter B. wider C. safer D. simpler22. A. unique B. sufficient C. critical D. fit23. A. examples B. values C. awards D. objectives24. A. increase B. achieve C. lack D. frustrate25. A. barely B. currently C. roughly D. thoroughly26. A. opposite B. fixed C. complex D. positive27. A. approaches B. management C. benefits D. degradation28. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. However D. Otherwise29. A. concerned B. changeable C. firm D. cautious30. A. deserted B. secured C. measured D. distributed31. A. damage B. cost C. amount D. standard32. A. completely B. merely C. virtually D. desperately33. A. mass B. tropical C. marine D. low34. A. exploited B. expanded C. restored D. discovered35. A. developing B. covering C. declaring D. utilizing【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. CSectionBThe summer I turned 16，my father gave me his ‘69 Chevy Malibu convertible（敞篷车）． Beautifully repainted with V﹣8 engine﹣it was a gift wasted on me at that age． What didI know about classic cars？ The important thing was that Hannah and I could drive around Tucson with the top down．Hannah was my best friend， a year younger but much taller， almost five foot ten． "Hannah's going to be something，" my mother always said． And sure enough， that summer she signed witha modeling agency．She was already doing catalog and runway work．A month after my birthday， Hannah and I went to the movies． On the way home， we stoppedat the McDonald's drive﹣through， putting the fries on the seat between us to share． "Let's ride around awhile，" I said． It was a clear night， oven﹣warm， full moon cast low over the desert． Taking a curve too fast， I hit a patch of dirt and slid from side to side． I then cut through a neighbor's landscape wall and drove into a full﹣grown palm． The front wheels cameto rest halfway up the tree trunk． French fries on the floor， the dash，and my lap． An impossible amount of blood on Hannah's face， pieces of skin hanging into her eyes． They took us in separate ambulances． In the emergency room， my parents spoke quietly： Best plastic surgeon in the city． End of her modeling career．We'd been wearing leg belts， but the car didn't have shoulder bands． I'd damaged my cheekboneon the wheel； Hannah's forehead had split wide open on the dash． What would I say to her？ When her mother，Sharon， came into my hospital room， I started to cry， preparing myself for her anger． She sat beside me and took my hand． "I hit my best friend's car in the rear when I was your age，" she said． "I wrecked her car and mine．" "I'm so sorry，" I said．"You're both alive，" she said． "The rest is windowdressing．" I started to protest， and Sharon stoppedme． "I forgive you． Hannah will too．"Sharon's forgiveness allowed Hannah and me to get back in the car together that summer， to stay friends throughout high school and college， to be in each other's weddings， and to watch my four teenagers get along with her three younger children． I think of her gift of forgiveness every time I'm tempted to blame someone in a secret for something recognized as wrong． And whenever I see Hannah， the scars are so faded that no one else would notice，but in the sunlight I can still see the faint shimmer（微光）just below her hairline﹣for me， a sign of grace．36. Which of the following about Hannah is TRUE according to the passage？A. She was not as badly injured as the author．B. She never really forgave me though her mother did．C. She learned the gift of forgiveness through the accident．D. She could have been a model if she hadn't experienced the accident．37. In paragraph 4， "window dressing" is closest in meaning to " "．A. insignificantB. colorfulC. undeterminedD. hopeful38. According to the passage， Sharon comforted the author by ．A. showing her own scarB. mentioning her own storyC. visiting the author in personD. teaching the author a personal lesson39. Which of the following might be the best title of the article？A. A Graceful FriendB. A Lasting FriendshipC. A Lucky Car AccidentD. The Gift of Forgiveness【答案】36. D 37. A 38. B 39. DMaking these easy tasks part of your morning schedule will improve your nutrition， energy，and mood today﹣and beyond．6：00 a．m．STRETCH IN BEDTry this even before you open your eyes． Lift one arm and begin by stretching each finger，then your hand， then your wrist， and then your whole arm． Move on to the other arm． Then stretch your toes， feet，ankles， and legs． Finally， end with a neck and back stretch that propels you out of bed． You've just limbered up your muscles and joints and enhanced blood flow throughout your body， providing a shot of oxygen to all your tissues． Take up the entire length of the bed when you stretch． According to Harvard University psychologist Amy Cuddy， this display of power is typical of a bold person， making you feel more confident all day long．7：00 a．m．EXERCISE A BIT﹣ON AN EMPTY STOMACHWorking out before you eat， researchers say， encourages your body to burn more fat for energy rather than relying on carbohydrates from food． In a Journal of Physiology study， participants who exercised after breakfast still gained weight （as did a control group who didn't exercise），but those who exercised on an empty stomach did not． Moreover， research from the University of Vermont shows that the mood﹣enhancing benefits of a 20﹣minute workout can last for 12 hours，a boost you'll want to enjoy all day long．BREAK YOUR FAST TWICEBreakfast is the most important meal of the day， so why not have two？ A study published in the journal Pediatric Obesity tracked the weight and breakfast﹣eating patterns of 584 students over two years． They found that frequent breakfast skippers showed increased odds of becoming overweight or obese compared with those who ate two breakfasts （one at home and one at school）． The sensible takeaway： If you eat more in the morning， you'll be less likely to snack at night， when it's harder to burn off calories．8：00 a．m．SEEK OUT GOOD NEWSIn a 2015 study， researchers asked one group of participants to watch just three minutes of positive，solutions﹣focused news （such as a video of a 70﹣year﹣old man who got his graduation certificate after failing the test dozens of times）． These participants were 27 percent more likely to report a few hours later that their day had been "happy" than people who watched negative news in the morning． Study author Gielan also cited substantial evidence that negative moods affect workplace performance．Voila! You've improved your state of mind， your health， and your productivity﹣all before the weekday has even begun． Now you're ready to conquer your to﹣do list for today and every day．40. The article is written to ．A. give professional guidance on keeping fitB. reveal some research results about healthC. put forward several suggestions for morning routinesD. offer some tips on how to improve workplace performance41. It is suggested that you should occupy the entire bed when you stretch because it especially ．A. increases your confidenceB. helps you out of bed easilyC. stimulates your blood circulationD. has an effect on your overall health42. Who is least likely to gain weight according to the article？A. Those who skip breakfasts frequently．B. Those who do morning stretching in bed．C. Those who have double breakfasts in the morning．D. Those who have their breakfast before morning exercise．【答案】40. C 41. A 42. CWhat is the single most effective way to reduce greenhouse﹣gas emissions？ Go vegetarian？Replant the Amazon？ Cycle to work？ None of the above． The answer is： make air﹣conditioners radically better． On one calculation， replacing refrigerants（制冷剂） that damage the atmosphere would reduce total greenhouse gases by the equivalent of 90bn tons of CO2 by 2050． Making the units more energy﹣efficient could double that．Air﹣conditioning is one of the world's great overlooked industries． Automobiles and air ﹣conditioners were invented at roughly the same time， and both have had a huge impact on where people live and work．Unlike cars， though， air﹣conditioners have drawn little criticism for their social impact，emissions or energy efficiency． Most hot countries do not have rules to govern their energy use．Yet air﹣conditioning has done quite a lot of things to benefit humankind． It has transformedproductivity in the tropics and helped turn southern China into the workshop of the world． In Europe，its spread has pushed down heat﹣related deaths ten times less than what it was in 2003，when around 70，000 people， most of them elderly， died in a heatwave． For children， air ﹣conditioned classrooms and dormitories are associated with better grades at school．Environmentalists who call air﹣conditioning "a luxury we cannot afford" have half a point，however．In the next ten years， as many air﹣conditioners will be installed around the world as were put in between 1902（when air﹣conditioning was invented）and 2005． Until energy can be produced without carbon emissions， these extra machines will warm the world． At the moment， therefore，air﹣conditioners create a vicious cycle． The more the Earth warms， the more people need them． But the more there are， the warmer the world will be．Cutting the impact of cooling requires three things（beyond turning up the thermostat（温度调节器）to make rooms less Arctic）． First， air﹣conditioners must become much more efficient． The most energy﹣efficient models on the market today consume only about one﹣third as much electricity as average ones．Minimum energy﹣performance standards need to be raised，or introduced in countries that lack them altogether， to push the average unit's performance closer to the standard of the best．Next，manufactures should stop using damaging refrigerants．One category of these，hydrofluorocarbons， is over 1，000 times worse than carbon dioxide when it comes to trapping heat in the atmosphere． An international deal to phase out these pollutants， called the Kigali amendment， will come into force in 2019． Foot﹣draggers should approve and implement it；America is one country that has not done so．Last， more could be done to design offices， malls and even cities so they do not need as many air﹣ conditioners in the first place． More buildings should be built with overhanging roofs or balconies for shade，or with natural air﹣circulation． Simply painting roofs white can help keep temperatures down．Better machines are necessary． But cooling as an overall system needs to be improved if air ﹣conditioners is to fulfill its promise to make people healthier，wealthier and wiser， without too high an environmental cost． Providing indoor shelters of air﹣conditioned comfort need not come at the expense of an overheating world．43. Why does the author think air﹣conditioning is an overlooked industry？A. Because many hot countries haven't put the energy﹣controlling rules into force．B. Because it has caused the same impact on people's life and work as automobiles have．C. Because it has brought great economic， physical， and educational benefits to humans．D. Because it doesn't get the due criticism for its environmental impact as automobiles do．44. What can we learn from Paragraph 4？A. The price of air﹣conditioning will go up due to the large demand for it．B. A high environmental cost will come along with the air﹣conditioning service．C. Environmentalists are expecting extra machines which can warm the world．D. Governments partially agree that air﹣conditioning is a luxury we cannot afford．45. With regard to the measures to cut the impact of cooling， which of the following statements is TRUE？A. Manufacturers should only stop using hydrofluorocarbons．B. People should avoid turning up the air﹣conditioners to have cool rooms on hot days．C. People should adopt more environmentally﹣friendly materials when designing buildings．D. Governments should give a green light to the agreement on eliminating the pollutants．46. The author writes this passage to ．A. arouse people's attention to the global warmingB. appeal for the global joint efforts to combat global warmingC. give credit to air﹣conditioning for its great contributions to humansD. offer a new perspective on how to reduce greenhouse gases emissions【答案】43. D 44. B 45. C 46. DSectionC7．Bill Gates doesn't pretend he lives in an egalitarian（主张平等的） household． When it comesto parenting his three children， the billionaire Microsoft giant readily admits his wife Melinda has done more than her share of the work raising the kids．"My wife does 80%，" Gates told a crowd of Harvard students last Thursday． Gates spent two years there taking math and computer science courses as a pre﹣law student， but never finished up his degree． "Myeldest graduates from Stanford in June， so I'm optimistic she won't fall into my footsteps，" Gates joked．___47___ They followed a 1970s "Love and Logic" parenting model． The core idea of the philosophy is centered on the idea of exerting emotional control， essentially minimizing emotional reactions like shouting or scolding kids．___48___ Gates admits he and his wife haven't been perfect at carrying out the approach．"Can you get rid of the emotion？ You can't totally do it，" he said．Aside from ruling in hot﹣blooded parent tempers， the love and logic model also stresses the importance of not leaning into rewards for kids， but instead demonstrating unconditional love and admiring kids for who they are， not what they do （or don't） achieve， like a poor test score．"Many highly successful people struggled with grades as children，" Fay wrote on his site． "___49___"The model is a bit like the ideal method， in that it pushes parents to focus on asking questions of their kids and getting them to think about how to solve their own problems， instead of feeding them answers．___50___． However， he knew he wanted to do things differently with his own kids．It wasn't the only way he set boundaries for his children while they were growing up． None of his kids owned a cell phone until they were 14 years old． And they will each get about ﹩10 million of their parents fortune as inheritance，a mere fraction of the giant's roughly ﹩90 billion net worth． "We want to strike a balance where they have the freedom to do anything，but not a lot of money showered on them so they could go out and do nothing，" Gates once told TED．【答案】47. F 48. B49. D 50. CIV.Summarywriting51.Summary writingThe life of a journalist can be exciting． To be in constant pursuit of the latest news demands a curiosity that can only be rewarded by getting to "where it is happening" as soon as possible． The goal， of course， is to relate what is happening to the public as clearly as possible．However， every journalist must be careful to report not only a vivid picture of what is happening， but a true picture． Each journalist reports his or her own version of what has taken place． Still， this version must be an actual account if the reporter is to maintain a reliable reputation．In order to get to the truth in some news stories， a reporter must rely on the statements of someone who is on the inside of the situation． Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider's name． The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed．Because stories of this nature often involve criminal activity， reporting them becomes a dangerous job．This kind of work involved in obtaining news in this manner serves as an inviting situation for the underworld as well as the legal world． Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet． Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will obstruct（阻挠）justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider's name．Devotion has given journalism its reputation for reliability ﹣ a reliability that each journalist is expected to uphold in his or her search for truth． Supplying a truthful account of each day's occurrences is the serious contract made between reporter and the public．___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Exciting as it is to be a journalist， every journalist must take care to report what happened vividly．【高分句型一】（主题） Besides， they should be followed by a true picture．（要点一）A reporter must depend on the statements of whoever is on the scene， so as to get to the truth in some news stories．（要点二） It is devotion that has given journalism its reputation for reliability．（要点三）【答案】52. The suspect has been arrested， and all the concerning evidence has been transferredto the police．53. As we all know， learning method varies from person to person， so what is suitable for you may not necessarily suit me．54. It suddenly occurred to me that I forgot to remind the monitor of the time for gathering，so I left him a short message．55. The stronger the students' ability to express themselves， the more likely they are to stand out in the entrance interview， which makes it a rule for them to practice speaking every day．II.Guidedwriting56.高三毕业在即，我校《金苹果》英语报要征集同学交往中的印象深刻的事。
2019届上海市浦东新区高三上学期期末质量检测英语试题(解析版)
A. Having an outing. B. Ordering various drinks. C. Preparing for a party. D. Choosing suitable drinks. 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】 M: Let’s see what drinks you’ve chosen for the party tonight. W: Everything! Beer, wine, soft drinks like Coke, juice you name it, I’ve got it! Q: What are the speakers talking about? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 9.
上海市建平中学2018-2019学年学高三第一学期12月英语质量检测卷 word版有答案和解析
建平中学2018年12月考英语试卷Section ADirections:Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The impact of smoke screen on adolescentsThe study began by recruiting over 2,600 US school children aged 10 to 14 who had never smoked. Each child was then asked if they had watched any of 50 movies randomly (21) (select) from 601 box office hits. The number of occurrences of smoking in each film was recorded.When followed up one to two years later, 10 percent of the children had tried (22) (smoke). The children in the top quarter of exposure to movie smoking were 2.7 times more likely to have tried a cigarette than (23) in the lowest quarter of exposure. This effect was independent of other factors that might influence the child’s smoking behavior, such as friends or family smoking.“If provides more evidence (24) movies have a strong impact on adolescents,” says Dalton, an expert in cancer risk behavior in children. “Previous studies suggested that smoking in movies (25) (influence) adolescent smoking behavior, but this is the first study to show that viewing smoking in movies predicts (26) will start smoking in the future.”Dalton says a previous study by the team showed that children were more likely to smoke (27) their favorite actor smoked. “We know from past studies it’s very rare for smoking to be portrayed in a negative light. Smokers in movies tend to be tough guys or sexy, rebellious women, which appeals to adolescents,” she told New Scientist.Movies which depict smoking (28) be given an adult rating or “R rating” in the US, suggests Glantz, which would mean that children under 17 could not see the film (29) a parent. An R rating for smoking in movies would prevent about 330 adolescents in the US from starting to smoke and ultimately (30) (extend) 170 lives every day,” he writes.【答案】21. selected 22. smoking 23. those 24. that 25. influenced 26. who 27. if 28. should 29. without 30. extend【解析】21. 题在if引导的条件状语中作非谓语，表示“被随机选出来的”50部电影，根据前文的时态可以看出是过去发生的事，因此填过去分词selected表示被动完成。
精品解析：2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三(上)期中英语试卷 (解析版)
2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三（上）期中英语试卷注意事项：1答题前，务必先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡的指定位置上。
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II.GrammarandvocabularySectionA1．The mama﹣bear instinctMs．Angela McQueen，a math and PE teacher at Mattoon High School，Illinois，has a routine when she's on lunch﹣monitoring duty．She___1___ （keep）an eye on the hundreds of students in her charge by walking laps （圈）around the school cafeteria．In September 2017，McQueen，then 40，had hardly finished one lap___2___ a 14﹣year﹣old freshman standing not far from her pulled out a gun．She knew too well that he was going to start shooting．School employees___3___（train）on how to handle active shooters：Attack their ability___4___ （aim）．So with the shooter's finger on the trigger，McQueen rushed to him．___5___（grab）at his arm，she forced the gun into the air，but not___6___ he struck one student in the hand and chest and hurt another．As students ran for the exits，McQueen defeated the shooter with help from the school resource officer，___7___ disarmed the student and took him into imprisonment until police arrived minutes later．Afterward，McQueen went outside to give hugs and support to her shaken students．"It's the mama﹣bear instinct，" she told the local paper．"I don't have kids of my own，but these arestill‘___8___' kids．"___9___ McQueen，a story that has played out tragically at far too many schools across the country had a relatively happy ending．"If it hadn't been for her，the situation would have been a lot different，" Police Chief Jeff Branson said at a news conference．As one___10___ （impress）student told CBS News，"Mr．McQueen is our heroine．"【答案】1. keeps2. when3. had been trained4. to aim5. grabbing6. before7. who8. my 9. Thanks to10. impressed【解析】【分析】这是应用文。
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上海市浦东新区建平中学2018-2019年高三第一学期英语12月试卷Section ADirections:Read the following passage.Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word.For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The impact of smoke screen on adolescentsThe study began by recruiting over2,600US school children aged10to14who had never smoked.Each child was then asked if they had watched any of50movies randomly(21)(select)from601box office hits.The number of occurrences of smoking in each film was recorded.When followed up one to two years later,10percent of the children had tried(22)(smoke).The children in the top quarter of exposure to movie smoking were2.7times more likely to have tried a cigarette than (23)in the lowest quarter of exposure.This effect was independent of other factors that might influence the child’s smoking behavior,such as friends or family smoking.“If provides more evidence(24)movies have a strong impact on adolescents,”says Dalton,an expert in cancer risk behavior in children.“Previous studies suggested that smoking in movies(25)(influence) adolescent smoking behavior,but this is the first study to show that viewing smoking in movies predicts(26) _______will start smoking in the future.”Dalton says a previous study by the team showed that children were more likely to smoke(27)their favorite actor smoked.“We know from past studies it’s very rare for smoking to be portrayed in a negative light. Smokers in movies tend to be tough guys or sexy,rebellious women,which appeals to adolescents,”she told New Scientist.Movies which depict smoking(28)be given an adult rating or“R rating”in the US,suggests Glantz, which would mean that children under17could not see the film(29)a parent.An R rating for smoking in movies would prevent about330adolescents in the US from starting to smoke and ultimately(30)(extend) 170lives every day,”he writes.答案：21.selected22.smoking23.those24.that25.influenced26.who27.if28.should29. without30.extend解析21.动词过去分词表示被动，这里表示被选出，selected。
22.1-2年之后发现，10%都曾试过抽烟，try doing sth尝试做某事，因此填smoking。
23.接触到更多吸烟镜头孩子比接触吸烟镜头少的孩子尝试吸烟的可能性更大，两类人群对比，前者用thechildren,后指则用that/those,因此填those。
24.同位语从句，后面句子说明了evidence的内容，所以填that。
25.previous studies说明谓语动词应为过去时态，因此填influenced。
26.predict为动词，后接宾语从句，此研究是讨论哪些人更可能吸烟，因此预测了谁在未来会吸烟，因此填who。
27.如果小孩最崇拜的明星吸烟，那对孩子会有深刻的影响，所以填if，条件状语从句。
28.有吸烟镜头的电影应该被分级为R级，未有父母陪同，17岁以下的孩子不得观看。
因此填should。
29.R级电影是未成年人不能单独观看的，需要父母在场陪同，因此填without。
30.分级电影的限制每天会阻止美国330个孩子开始吸烟，同时延长了170人的寿命，would prevent...andextend...填原形extend。
Section B(10分)Directions:Complete the passage with the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.generateB.helpingC.representativeD.reactionE.strengthensF.definespetitive mitted I.initiative J.call K.risksAn open letter to the GE staffDear fellows,I wanted to write you today about news that GE is being removed from the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA).The DJIA is a100year-ago index(指数)that is meant to be a(n)(31)sample of American business. It is a largely symbolic index and our inclusion is a function（函数）of our share price relative to others.That said,GE is the longest-standing member and that is something I have always been proud of.I know all of you have been,too.While we were not aware of the announcement,it is not a total surprise.I have tried at every step to share with you our(32)but also the things we need to improve.That is what we are working on most.Our membership in the Dow is something that(33)our past,not our future.Let me tell you how I am thinking about this.When I first heard the news,I had the same(34)as all of you probably did.But it quickly triggered my(35)side—the side of me that is deeply rooted in my love and respect for the company.As a company(36)to technology and making an impact on the world,I would put us up against any company in the world.We(37)1/3of the world’s electricity and two out of every three flights take off with GE engines.We have the largest install base of life-saving imaging equipment.We are a fundamental part of the day to day life across the globe.The world counts on GE and we are there to answer that(38).We have been making hard decision about our company.In life there are only two ways to deal with hard things.One is to give in and give up and the other is to fight.I am more than up for the fight.This is our chance to show the world what we can do—stare into the face of skepticism（怀疑主义）and cynicism（吹毛求疵）about GE and meet it with confidence,pride in the company and a(n)(39)amount of hard work and resolve.I said two things in my annual letter to share owners:first,it is the people inside the company who shape GE, not the people outside and second,people who bet against us to do so as their own(40).Let us use to remind the world that GE is a company that matters to the world.We are going to win this fight.Thanks for your dedication and hard work.答案31-35CEFDG36-40HAJBK解析：此题考查的是阅读及词汇能力，只要读懂这篇文章，空缺的单词自然就会填入。