上海建平中学2019-2020学年高三英语质量调研试卷(24页)
2019-2020学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三下学期英语试卷(25页)
2019-2020学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三下学期英语试卷I. Listening Comprehension(略)II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Stanford Earth professor Jon Payne puts modern extinctions in context (21)_________ comparing them with Earth's five previous mass extinctions."We've found that extinction threat in the modern oceans is very strongly associated with larger body size," said Jonathan Payne, at Stanford's School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences. "This is most likely due to people (22)_________(target) larger species for consumption first."In a new study, (23)_________ (publish) in the Sept. 16 issue of the journal Science, Payne and his colleagues examined the association between extinction threat level and ecological traits (24)_________ _________ body size for two major groups of marine animals -- mollusks and vertebrates -- over the past 500 years and compared it with the ancient past,(25)________(stretch) as far back as 445 million years ago and with a particular emphasis on the most recent 66 million years."We used the fossil record to show, in a concrete, convincing way, that (26) _________ is happening in the modern oceans is really different from what has happened in the past," said study co-author Noel Heim, a postdoctoral researcher in Payne's lab.Specifically, the authors found that the modern era is unique in the extent (27)_________ creatures with larger body sizes are being preferentially targeted for extinction. "What our analysis shows is that for every factor of 10 increase in body mass, the odds of (28)_________(threaten) by extinction go up by a factor of 13 or so," Payne said. "The bigger you are, (29)_________(likely) you are to be facingextinction."The selective extinction of large-bodied animals (30)_________have serious consequences for the health of marine ecosystems, the scientists say, because they tend to be at the tops of food webs and their movements through the water column and the seafloor help cycle nutrients through the oceans.【答案】21. by 22. targeting 23. published 24. such as 25. stretching26. what 27. because 28. being threatened 29. more likely 30. may【重难点词汇和短语解析】1. Mass extinction - n. 大规模灭绝，大量消亡2. Be associated with - prep. 与...联系起来，与...有关3. Consumption - n. 消费，消耗，吃，喝4. Ecological trait - n. 生态属性/特性5. Marine - adj. 海洋的，海运的6. Mollusk - n. 无脊椎动物7. Vertebrate - n. 脊椎动物8. Fossil - n. 化石9. Concrete - adj. 具体的，实物的10. Postdoctoral - adj. 博士后的11. In the extent - prep. 在...程度上12. Preferentially - adv. 优先地，优惠地13. Body mass - n. 体质量14. Odds - n. 几率，胜算，可能性15. Selective - adj. 选择的16. Ecosystem - n. 生态系统17. Food webs - n. 食物网络18. Column - n. 柱状物，专栏【试题解析】21题考查状从中介词的搭配，这里空格后面是动名词comparing，前面put 发出一个动作，因此是方式状语，“通过比较...和...”，因此填by.22题考查括号中动词的正确形式，主语是people，此处表示主动应该填现在分词，而本句的时态是一般现在时，因此填targeting.23题考查定语从句，主语是a new study，publish作后置定语，加之后面有过去的时间限制，因此填published表示过去完成。
上海市建平中学2019届高三4月质量检测英语试题
【题文】Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Great Speakers: Why Their Words Resonate (产生共鸣)This year will mark 55 years since M artin Luther King, Jr. delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech, one that put him among the greatest speakers in history.What gave “I Have a Dream” and other historic speeches ---such as Abraham Lincoln's “Gettysburg Address”and Winston Churchill's “We Shall Fight on the Beaches” ---such power that they are still distinctly remembered today?Certainly, it demands perfect delivery. If J.F.Kennedy had gotten up there and mumbled (含糊地说) through his address, we probably wouldn't remember that he said, “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” But there are more to a great speech.A great speech seizes the historical moment. Franklin D. Roosevelt's classic line --- “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself” --- was delivered during his speech in 1933 at the worst point of the Great Depression. It inspired Americans to regain a sense of confidence and hope, Gerard Ha user, professor of communication at the University of Colorado, says, “A great speech resonates with problems that people are feeling and the expectations they have with respect to those problems.”A great speech has a memorable tag line. The trick is to deliver a phrase the audience can start repeating, which allows the speaker to pause, and the audience to repeat louder. U.S. President Barack Obama is excellent at this. “When the audience is cheering, he pauses, and then continues to speak, and they cheer louder, so it builds to a kind of peak’’ Hauser says.A great speech reminds listeners of great moments of the past, linking the speaker with history. Ronald Reagan was considered a master at this. His speech in 1980, as he accepted the presidential nomin ation, brought the audience back to America's first days. “Three hundred and sixty years ago, in 1620, a group of families dared to cross a mighty ocean to build a future for themselves in a new world,” he said, linking past to future with his appeal for “a new compact (契约) with America.’’【答案】Many excellent speakers such as Martin Luther King, Abraham Lincoln are known for their prominent speech, because their speech can resonate. First, great speeches involve perfect dеlіvеrу and grab the historical momen t. Also, a great speech has a memorable tag line. Moreover, a. great speech possesses a memorable tag line. Finally, great speeches remind audience of great moments of the past, linking the speaker with history.【解析】【详解】本文属于一篇结构清晰的说明文。
2019届上海市建平中学高三下学期三模英语试题 Word版含答案
2019建平中学高三下英语三模I. Listening Comprehension (25%)略II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)Section ADirections:Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There’s a widely-accepted line of thinking, especially in 2019, that says the people and things we love will eventually let us down.It’s never an if, always a when. So our heroes will inevitably turn out to be trash monsters. Our favorite bands will enter an experimental phase, even though no one asked them to. And our favorite TV shows will (21) _______ _______ fail to reach greater heights, but they won’t even come close to the same level of success they once had.It was with this cynical mentality (22) _______ I approached the second season of 2018’s breakout hit Killing Eve. How could a series that was so well written, so well acted, and so fiercely addictive in its freshman season possibly (23) _______ (maintain) the same level of quality in Season 2, especially since Phoebe Waller-Bridge, (24) _______ developed the series for TV and wrote four of the first season’s eight episodes, wasn’t involved in the writing of the second? It seemed like an impossible task.But then a strange thing happened: Killing Eve’s second season, at least the two episodes (25) _______ (screen) in advance for critics, didn’t let me down. The new episodes generated the same amount of joy I experienced (26) _______ I watched Eve (Sandra Oh) and Villanelle (Jodie Comer) dance around each other during the first go-round, only this time the stakes were considerably (27) _______ (high).As Waller-Bridge noted, “Killing Eve is character study on two lives, two women and their circumstances, their homes, their wants, their fears and (28) _______ keeps them from ending it all. It’s just that (29) _______ happens to be an assassin（暗杀者）and the other a spy. If I’ve done my job right, the audience (30) _______ feel equally chilled as they are excited by the determination of these women, their journeys and how drawn they are to one another.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beHow to be a demanding readerThe rules for reading yourself to sleep are easier to follow than are the rules for stayingawake while reading. Get into bed in a comfortable position, make sure the light is __31__ enough to cause a slight eyestrain, choose a book that is either terribly difficult or terribly boring--in any event one that you do not really care whether you read or not --and you will be asleep in a few minutes. Those who are experts in relaxing with a book do not have to wait for __32__. A comfortable chair in the library will do any time.Unfortunately, the rules for keeping awake do not consist in doing just the __33__. It is possible to keep awake while reading in a comfortable chair or even in bed, and people have been known to __34__ their eyes by reading late in light too dim. What kept the famous __35__ readers awake? One thing certainly -- it made a difference to them, a great difference, whether or not they read the book they had in hand.Whether you manage to keep awake or not depends in large part on your goal in reading. If your aim in reading is to profit from it -- to __36__ somehow in mind or spirit -- you have to keep awake. That means reading as actively as possible. It means making an effort -- an effort for which you expect to be __37__.Good books, fiction or nonfiction, deserve such reading. To use a good book as a helper to fall asleep is pure waste. To fall asleep or, what is the same, to let your mind wander during the hours you planned to devote to reading for profit -- that is, __38__ for understanding -- is clearly to defeat your own __39__.But the sad fact is that many people who can distinguish between profit and pleasure -- between understanding, on the one hand, and entertainment or the mere satisfaction of curiosity, on the other hand-- nevertheless __40__ to carry out their reading plans. They can’t make it even if they know which books give which. The reason is that they do not know how to be demanding readers, how to keep their mind on what they are doing by making it do the work without which no profit can be earned.Ⅲ. Reading comprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A window into the futureShortly after its opening on the first day of Chinese New Year, The Wandering Earth began to gain momentum. In a little over a week, it made 2.8 billion yuan in the __41__ market alone. The film’s popularity and success has come as a __42__ to many reviewers especially since there hasn’t been that much success for Chinese-produced science fiction the past. Many agree that this film will change the __43__ situation and bring in a new age for Chinese science fiction.As a genre（类型）, Chinese science fiction has __44__ general fiction in both the film and publishing industries. Even Liu Cixin’s (the author who wrote the short story on which The Wandering Earth is based) The Three Body Problem--which is currently quite popular -- didn’t havemany readers until it was translated into English and won the Hugo Award（雨果奖）in 2015. __45__, I haven’t read much of any genre written in Chinese, but I do notice that there aren’t many separate sections of the bookstore dedicated to science fiction. I cannot speak for everyone, but some people seem to have __46__ regarding the genre.My parents were the type who tried to steer me in the direction of non-fiction and the classics. They believed that science fiction and fantasy were “unrealistic nonsense” and would “__47__ by brain.” __48__, great science fiction writers do their research. More often than not, one can learn a great deal about science and its possible development from reading science fiction. Sure, some of the concepts may be confusing or technical in nature, but that is also part of the __49__. Things like the internet, electric cars and tablet computers were first theorized in science fiction before they were __50__. The author simply uses a __51__ of science and his imagination to create worlds different from the Earth of today, from which we can get bits and pieces that can be turned into a __52__.The world is changing. There may very well be a time when Earth is no longer able to __53__ the entire population. We could be living on Mars or in giant spaceships; perhaps we will be __54__ to move Earth to a new solar system just like The Wandering Earth. Each of these scenarios（设想）has appeared in science fiction multiple times. __55__ we are to be prepared for what is to come, we can look into modern science fiction for a window into the future.41. A. outdoor B. domestic C. depressed D. global42. A. achievement B. compliment C. surprise D. priority43. A. embarrassing B. extreme C. risky D. complicated44. A. contributed to B. taken over C. made up D. lagged behind45. A. Personally B. Obviously C. Fortunately D. Hopefully46. A. confidence B. ambitions C. suspicions D. misunderstandings47. A. damage B. rot C. form D. swing48. A. In addition B. For instance C. In fact D. As a result49. A. compound B. investigation C. memory D. appeal50. A. imagined B. operated C. restored D. invented51. A. combination B. perspective C. definition D. consequence52. A. mystery B. restriction C. connection D. reality53. A. protect B. sustain C. double D. estimate54. A. willing B. thrilled C. forced D. allowed55. A. Though B. If C. Since D. BeforeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe following sad but true talc concerns my great-uncle, a wonderful, jolly, beloved man who was over six feet four and probably weighted close to three hundred pounds. He was also well-educated and in the early 1900s became a full-time baptist minister. A kindly, gentle man despite his size, Uncle Alden Bentley’s only real fault seemed to be that he was terribly clumsy. As a young minister, her was paying a pastoral call one day on a woman in Dillon, South Carolina, when he accidentally sat on her Chihuahua, Twinkie, and killed it. As the lady searched for and called for her dog throughout the house, Uncle Alden felt underneath his hip and, realizing what he had done, panicked and slipped the dead dog into his coat pocket. Although he was devastated, he could not bring himself w tell the woman what had happened.Five years later, he returned to the same home of an overnight visit and resolved to unburden himself by finally telling the woman exactly what had happened to Twinkie. she had just had the guest room prepared and had hung brand-new curtains. To make Uncle feel welcome, she had placed on the bedside table a large pitcher of ice water and a glass, as well as a pen and a bottle of ink, so he could work on his sermon before retiring.Uncle liked to sleep with the window open and got up in the night to open it. As he did, he knocked over what he assumed to be a full glass of water. Then, groping along the walls in an unsuccessful search for the light switch, he retraced his steps several times before raising the window and settling back on the bed for the night. When he opened his eyes the next morning, he was horrified. The fresh wallpaper on two walls was covered with great black stains. The crisp white curtains were thoroughly spoiled with the prints of Uncle’s huge paws. It had not been the water glass he’d overturned during the night -- it had been the ink bottle.In a shaken state of mind and knowing he must face the hostess, Uncle dressed hurriedly and started down the stairs outside the guest room. As he approached the landing, his foot flipped.“Are you hurt?” His hostess cried as she rushed to Uncle’s side.“No,” said Uncle a he rose to his feet, “but I have devastated your home.” With that he quickly walked out the front door and, at the end of the walk, turned and said to his hostess with deep respect, “Twinkie had a Christian burial.”He then retired from the ministry and became a teacher of philosophy for many years at a private preparatory school in Massachusetts.56. What was the job of Uncle Alden when he was visiting the lady’s home?A. A government official.B. A teacher.C. A house agent.D. A churchman.57. what does the underlined word “retiring” mean in the second paragraph?A. giving up workB. pulling backC. going awayD. going to bed58. Which of the following statements about Uncle Alden is TURE?A. He suffered from a guilty conscience after the first visit to the lady’s home.B. His rudeness led to a mess of the guest room during the second visit to the lady’s home.C. He kept the death of Twinkie as a secret from the hostess all through the two visits.D. His visits to the lady’s home always ended with rage and fury.59. What kind of tone is adopted by the writer in this short story?A. Sympathetic.B. Critical.C. Humorous.D. Indifferent.60. For Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence, a Canadian couple who are considering an overseas package-tour for their honeymoon, which website will they probably visit?A. B. visitGreensboroNC. D. Caravan. com61. Which of the following applicants may have the chance of winning a free trip?A. Morgan, a retired Canadian teacher.B. Jennifer, a primary student from Alaska.C. Peter, a salesman on overseas trip to U. S.,D. Lincoln, a senior form Chicage University.62. Which of the following statements is TURE?A. You may get the chance to explore Fairbanks for free by visiting .B. You needn’t pay any fees to apply for a free trip via text or C. Greensboro can be a perfect destination for collectors of artifacts.D. Alaska is not a good choice for those who want to experience urban charmC.Before the age of the smartphone, photographers had to learn how to use high-tech cameras and photographic techniques. Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we’re all good amateur photographers, since the quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras.The new ease of photography has given us a tremendous appetite for capturing the magical and the ordinary. We are obsessed with documenting everyday moments, whether it’s a shot of our breakfast, our cat or the cat’s breakfast. Even photo journalists are experimenting with mobile phones because their near invisibility makes it easier to capture unguarded moments.In the past, magazines published unforgettable photos of important people and global events that captured our imaginations. These photos had the power to change public opinion and even the course of history. But if there are fewer memorable images today, it’s not because there are fewer good images. It’s because there are so many, and no one image gets to be special for long.As people everywhere embrace photography and the media make use of citizen journalists, professional standards appear to be shifting. Before digital images, most people trusted photographs to accurately reflect reality. Today, images can be altered in ways the naked eye might never notice. Photojournalists are trained to accurately represent what they witness. Yet any image can be altered to create an “improved” picture of reality. The average viewer is left with no way to assess theaccuracy of an image except through trust in a news organization or photographer.The question of the accuracy of images gets even trickier when photojournalists start experimenting with camera apps -- like Hipstamatic or Instagram --which encourage the use of filters（滤镜）. Images can be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more artistic, or to give them an antique look. Photographers using camera apps to cover wars and conflicts have created powerful images--but also controversy. Critics worry that antique-looking photographs romanticize war, while distancing us from those who fight in them.Yet photography has always been more subjective than we assume. Each picture is a result of a series of decisions -- where to stand, what lens to use, what to leave in and what to leave out of the frame. Does altering photographs with camera app filters make them less true? There’s something powerful and exciting about the experiment the digital age has forced upon us. These new tools make it easier to tell our own stories -- and they give others the power to do the same. Many members of the media get stuck on the same stories, focusing on elections, governments, wars, and disasters, and in the process, miss out on the less dramatic images of daily life that can be as revealing.Who knows? Our obsession with documentation and constantly being connected could lead to a dramatic change in out way of being. Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal isvual language, one that could change the way er relate to each other and the world. Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce poetry and those who make shopping lists.63. According to the author, there are fewer memorable photographs today because_______.A. the quality of many images is still poorB. there are so many good images these daysC. traditional media refuse to allow amateur photosD. most images are not appealing to a global audience64. The author put the word “improved” in quotation marks in order to _______.A. indicate it’s a word cited from another sourceB. stress that the picture of reality is greatly improvedC. draw audience attention to a word worth consideringD. show it’s arguable whether the picture is truly improved65. Which of the statements does the author most likely agree with?A. The daily life pictures are very expressive themselves.B. Photographs of the digital age are more subjective than before.C. Photos altered by filters of camera apps are too subjective to be true.D. Many members of the media value daily life imanges over major social events.66. What my be the best title for the passage?A. Camera Apps Bury AuthenticityB. Photography Redefined: A Visual LanguageC. Smartphone: Killer of Professional PhotographyD. The Shifting Standards of Professional PhotographySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below. EachChoosing a brand nameTalk to anyone in the business world and they will tell you that a good advertising campaign can only get you so far. __67__ So how do you do about choosing one?A descriptive business name, for example ‘Pete’s Bakery’, might seem the best solution. It effectively communicates what your business is so it is easy for people to understand what you do. This is especially useful if you are a small business with limited advertising budgets. Another bonus is that this sort of name will be thrown up in internet searches, so you may get easy additional business.However, descriptive names have some drawbacks. The biggest one is if you later decide to expand your business to other areas. __68__ Another disadvantage is that these generic names can easily be confused with similarly-named competitors--your customers may find them when they were looking for you.An increasing number of companies and freelancers are creating a brand around their own name. Think of Adidas or Kellogg’s --when they set up their companies, Adi Dassler and William Kellogg were unknown but they have been so successful that their names have become world-famous brands. __69__ This strategy demands more marketing and a strong advertising campaign, which can be costly.So how do you go about inventing a name? One method is to use acronyms or abbreviations, for example IKEA(IngvarKamprad Elmtaryd Agunaryd). If you prefer, you can use combined names such as Microsoft (Micro+software). __70__It is well worth taking as long as you need to come up with the name that will suit the business and that you can be proud of.Ⅳ. Summary writingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passagein no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication -- e-mails, Web posts and reviews, fact-to-face conversations -- found that if tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn. colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed The Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive felling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feeling like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article was, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, Contagious: Why Things Catch On.第Ⅳ卷Ⅳ. TranslationsDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 光刷题不反思是没有用处的。
2019年度2020年度学年上海地区浦东新区建平中学高三上学期周练试卷(附答案解析和解析)
2019-2020学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三上学期周练英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）第I卷（共100分）Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the otl1er blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Most Frightening Day of My LifeSeveral years ago, I was spending Christmas in Tenerife, in the Canary Islands. My brother Jose was working there and he couldn't get any time off (21)_____(come) home, so I spent the holiday with him. We decided to go up Mount T eide, a volcano in the centre of the island, and officially the second (22)_____(large) mountain in Europe. This was the last day of my visit, so we hired a little car for the day---I couldn't drive, but my brother (23)______.Jose and I set off in brilliant sunshine. but it got much colder and by the time we reached the Crater(火山口) of Mount Teide it was snowing. All the restaurants, hotels and gas stations at the top of the volcano (24)______(close), and we had almost run out of petrol. I, started getting really worried (25)______ I had to catch the plane home that evening, and if I didn't, I would have to pay for a new ticket. So Jose decided to do something dangerous一he switched off the engine of the car and freewheeled down the other side of the mountain.—He did this for several kilometres, round hairpin bends on dangerous, icy roads. Though(26)________( scare) to death, I didn't tell him to stop for some reason.Then the worst thing happened: the car slipped on the road and the two front wheels went over the edge. We were very lucky that the rest of the car didn't go over. We sat in the car, not (27)____(dare) to move. A car came round the corner and out (28)_____(jump) three enormous men.(29)_____saying a word, the three men surrounded the car and literally lifted it back on the road.My brother and I got out to thank them, but the three men just repeated 'Norway' several times 一we assumed that that was (30)____they came from—then got back into their car and drove off.We were so relieved we could have kissed them! We got back into our car and continued down the side of the mountain. I have never felt so happy in my life as we reached the town at the bottom.【答案】21. to come 22. largest 23. could 24. were closed 25. because26. scared 27. daring 28. jumped 29. Without 30. Where【答案解析】：21. 文章中说“我的哥哥没有时间放假回家”用动词不定式表示表结果。
2019-2020学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三下学期英语试卷(25页)
2019-2020学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三下学期英语试卷I. Listening Comprehension(略)II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Stanford Earth professor Jon Payne puts modern extinctions in context (21)_________ comparing them with Earth's five previous mass extinctions."We've found that extinction threat in the modern oceans is very strongly associated with larger body size," said Jonathan Payne, at Stanford's School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences. "This is most likely due to people (22)_________(target) larger species for consumption first."In a new study, (23)_________ (publish) in the Sept. 16 issue of the journal Science, Payne and his colleagues examined the association between extinction threat level and ecological traits (24)_________ _________ body size for two major groups of marine animals -- mollusks and vertebrates -- over the past 500 years and compared it with the ancient past,(25)________(stretch) as far back as 445 million years ago and with a particular emphasis on the most recent 66 million years."We used the fossil record to show, in a concrete, convincing way, that (26) _________ is happening in the modern oceans is really different from what has happened in the past," said study co-author Noel Heim, a postdoctoral researcher in Payne's lab.Specifically, the authors found that the modern era is unique in the extent (27)_________ creatures with larger body sizes are being preferentially targeted for extinction. "What our analysis shows is that for every factor of 10 increase in body mass, the odds of (28)_________(threaten) by extinction go up by a factor of 13 or so," Payne said. "The bigger you are, (29)_________(likely) you are to be facingextinction."The selective extinction of large-bodied animals (30)_________have serious consequences for the health of marine ecosystems, the scientists say, because they tend to be at the tops of food webs and their movements through the water column and the seafloor help cycle nutrients through the oceans.【答案】21. by 22. targeting 23. published 24. such as 25. stretching26. what 27. because 28. being threatened 29. more likely 30. may【重难点词汇和短语解析】1. Mass extinction - n. 大规模灭绝，大量消亡2. Be associated with - prep. 与...联系起来，与...有关3. Consumption - n. 消费，消耗，吃，喝4. Ecological trait - n. 生态属性/特性5. Marine - adj. 海洋的，海运的6. Mollusk - n. 无脊椎动物7. Vertebrate - n. 脊椎动物8. Fossil - n. 化石9. Concrete - adj. 具体的，实物的10. Postdoctoral - adj. 博士后的11. In the extent - prep. 在...程度上12. Preferentially - adv. 优先地，优惠地13. Body mass - n. 体质量14. Odds - n. 几率，胜算，可能性15. Selective - adj. 选择的16. Ecosystem - n. 生态系统17. Food webs - n. 食物网络18. Column - n. 柱状物，专栏【试题解析】21题考查状从中介词的搭配，这里空格后面是动名词comparing，前面put 发出一个动作，因此是方式状语，“通过比较...和...”，因此填by.22题考查括号中动词的正确形式，主语是people，此处表示主动应该填现在分词，而本句的时态是一般现在时，因此填targeting.23题考查定语从句，主语是a new study，publish作后置定语，加之后面有过去的时间限制，因此填published表示过去完成。
2019-2020学年上海市建平中学高三英语第四次联考试卷及答案解析
2019-2020学年上海市建平中学高三英语第四次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThough online ordering is popular in the UK today，handson experience still attracts many buyers' attention.Oxford StreetLondon is a shoppers' paradise，and most visitors head for Oxford Street.Halfway along is Selfridges，one of the world's first department stores where the architecture and window dressing impress you even before you go in.There are at least four other major stores on this street，plus Europe's largest music shop.In December the atmosphere is especially festive because of the Christmaslights which are always lighted by a politician，a great sportsman，or a super star.Kensington High StreetA fashionable area for shopping is Kensington High Street.One of its department stores even has a roof garden—good for relaxing between purchases.There's also an organic food superstore.Borough MarketYou can't visit London without going to a supermarketOne of the oldest and best for food is probably Borough Market on the south bank of the Thames.Get off the underground at London Bridge and wander among fresh fish stalls，bakeries，and fruit and vegetable sellers.You can also buy specialities to take away，like cheeses，pork pies，mustard and chutney.More places for bargainsPortobello Road Market on a Saturday is your best choice for jewelry or collector's items.It's a shortwalk from the underground station at Notting Hill Gate and you never know what you will find.For clothes，Camden Market is the place.It gets a little crowded at the weekends，though.Convent Garden Market offers great experience for the simple pleasure of looking at jewelry and gifts.1.Oxford Street becomes special in December for ________.A.the wonderful window dressingB.the Europe's largest music shopC.the lights lighted by a famous personD.many bargains to choose from2.To enjoy food，you can goto ________.A.Camden MarketB.Borough MarketC.Kensington High StreetD.Portobello Road Market3.Where is this passage probably taken from?AA science book. B.A traveler's journal.C.A news report.D.A trip guide.BIn Australia, plenty of wild things can bite or sting(刺伤) you. Strangely enough, one of them is a tree. Now scientists have figured out what makes the tree’s sting so bad.The rainforests of eastern Australia are home to a stinging tree known as Dendrocnide. Many people callit the gympie-gympie tree—a name given to the tree by native Australians. It’s covered with sharp, needle-like hairs that carry poison. If you touch a gympie-gympie tree, you won’t forget it anytime soon. The pain can stay with you for hours, days or weeks. In some cases, it’s been reported to stay for months.Scientists have long looked for the source of this powerful sting. Now researchers at the University of Queensland have discovered what makes this stinging plant so painful. After carefully studying different kinds of gympie-gympie trees, the scientists were able to separate out different chemicals that the trees produce. This allowed them to identify a group of chemicals that they believed was responsible for the pain.The researchers created artificial versions of these chemicals, which they call “gympietides”. Sure enough, when the scientists injected mice with gympietides, the mice licked(舔) at the places where they’d been injected, indicating that they hurt in those places. When the scientists studied the way gympietides were built, they found that they formed a knot-like shape. The shape makes the chemicals very stable, which helps explain why the pain stays so long.The knot-like shape of the gympietides was similar to the shape of poisons produced by poisonous spiders and cone snails. The scientists were surprised to see three very different kinds of life all using similar poisons. Spiders and cone snails carry poisons because they catch food by stinging other creatures. It’s not clear how stinging helps the gympie-gympie tree.Though the tree’s sting may stop some animals from eating it, it doesn’t stop all animals. Beetles and pademelons (small s of the kangaroo) are able to eat the plant without trouble.4. Why is a touch on the stinging tree unforgettable?A. Because it has so unusual an appearance.B. Because it is extremely rare in existence.C. Because touching it creates a quite strange feeling.D. Because the pain caused by it doesn’t go away quickly.5. What do scientists fail to find out about the stinging tree?A. How it produces poisons.B. What poisons it produces.C. How it benefits from the sting.D. The consequences of its sting.6. What does the text imply about the stinging tree?A. It produces the same poisons as spiders.B. Poisonous as it is, it also has natural enemies.C. Animals are wise enough to stay away from it.D. Only one chemical in it causes pain to the toucher.7. What’s the best title for the text?A. Scientists Discover Stinging Tree's SecretB. Caution: Stinging Tree Can Bite and Poison YouC. Scientists Discover a Strange Species in AustraliaD. Effective Ways to Avoid Being Hurt by Stinging TreeCThe relationship between humans and the Amazon Rainforest has not always been a harmonious one. However, recent research suggests that the native peoples ofthe Putumayo region helped to protect the rainforest, leaving it unchanged for 5,000 years. Perhaps humans’ coexisting with nature is possible after all.The study, published in PNAS, looked at soil samples in the Putumayo region of the Amazon in Peru to find how humans influenced the land. The researchers found that the trees still growing in the region today have been growing there for the last 5,000 years — evidence that the area has not been home to cities and farmland in that time. Traces of charcoal(木炭) found in the, soil, however, indicate that people did live there; they just did so in a way that had minimum influence on their environment.To come to these conclusions the team dug a 0.6-0.9 meter deep column into the ground, taking samples of soilfrom different heights along the column. Back in the lab, samples were carbon- dated to determine their age and then sorted under a microscope to look for microscopic mineral particles, known as phytoliths (植硅体). Phytoliths are essential evidence of plants— they remained in the soil thousands of years after the plant died. So researchers can use them to tell which plants have grown in an area in the past.Over 5,000 years’ worth of samples, no species loss was detected. These findings suggest that contrary tocommon belief, the Amazon is not untouched by humans, but rather has been protected by them for thousands of years. The management of the rainforest by native peoples appears to have been vital in preserving its biodiversity and will continue to be important in the fight to prevent it from acollapse.As Nigel Pitman, a co-author on the paper, said: “Since this particular forest is still being protected by native peoples, I hope this study reminds us all how important it is to support their work.”8. How did native peoples deal with the rainforest in the region of Putumayo?A. They always destroyed the rainforest.B. They had a side effect on the rainforest.C. They never lived in the area of the forest.D. They had been in harmony with the forest.9. What did the researchers try to find in the Amazon forest in Peru?A. The diversity of the plants in the rainforest.B. The evidence of human influence on the forest.C. The nutrition of the soil samples in the rainforest.D. The survival age of growing trees in the rainforest.10. What does the underlined word “collapse” mean in Paragraph 4?A. Sudden decrease.B. Bad management.C. Poor preservation.D. Over development.11. What can be inferred from Nigel Pitman's words?A. Native peoples should protectthe rainforest.B. We should help protect the Amazon Rainforest.C. More science research should be done on rainforest.D We should make good use of the Amazon Rainforest.DThursday, two Russian submarines(潜艇) dived down 2.5 miles into the Arctic Ocean and planted a national flag onto a piece of continental shelf known as the Lomonosov Ridge. Rising from the center of the Arctic Basin, the flag sent a clear message to the surrounding nations: Russia had just laid claim(权利) to the vast oil and gas reserves contained in this underwater area.AfterRussia, theUnited States,Norway,SwedenandFinlandare all trying to gain profit. Projections show that the area of land and sea that falls within theArctic Circleis home to an estimated 90 billion barrels of oil, anincredible 13% of Earth’s reserves. It’s also estimated to contain almost a quarter of untapped global gas resources. But long before this oil race began, how did theArcticbecome so rich in energy?“The first thing you realize is that theArctic—unlike the Antarctic—is an ocean surrounded by continents”, Alastair Fraser, a geoscientist from Imperial College London, said. Firstly, this means there’s a huge quantity of organic material available, in the form of dead sea creatures such as plankton and algae, which form the basis of what will ultimately become oil and gas. Secondly, the surrounding ring of continents means that the Arctic Basin contains a high proportion of continental crust(大陆地壳), which makes up about 50% of its oceanic area. That’s significant because continental crust typically contains deep depressions called basins, into which organic matter sinks.Here, it gets inserted in rock and preserved in anoxic(缺氧) waters, meaning they contain little oxygen. “Normally, in a shallow sea with lots of oxygen, it would not be preserved. But if the sea is deep enough, the oxygenated waters at the top will be separated from the anoxic conditions at the base,” Fraser explained. Conserved within these oxygen-free basins, the matter maintains compounds that finally make it useful as an energy source for millions of years in the future.12. Why didRussiaplant a national flag onto the Lomonosov Ridge?A. To tell surrounding countries its armed forces.B. To show its advanced technology of submarines.C. To show abundant natural resources in theArcticBasin.D. To claim its privilege to explore for oil and gas in the area.13. What’s the function of the last sentence in paragraph 2?A. Making a comparison.B. Serving as a connecting link.C. Analyzing the cause and effect.D. Drawing the conclusion of the text.14. What can we know from the last paragraph?A. Oxygen only exists in the top part of the ocean.B. Organic materials mostly exist in the basins with oxygen.C. Water containing oxygen turns organic materials into oil and gas.D. Oxygen-free environment counts in the formation of the arctic’s rich energy.15. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. What makes theArcticattractive?B. Why do many nations focus on theArctic?C. Why is there so much oil in theArctic?D. How does theArcticBasincome into being?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上海市建平中学高三英语期中考试试题及答案
2019-2020学年上海市建平中学高三英语期中考试试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIn his 402nd anniversary year, Shakespeare is still rightly celebrated as a great language master and writer. But he was not the only great master of play writing to die in 1616, and he is certainly not the only writer to have left a lasting influence on theater.While less known worldwide, Tang Xianzu is considered one of Chinas greatest playwrights and is highly spoken of in that country of ancient literary and dramatic traditions.Tang was born in 1550 inLinchuan,Jiangxiprovince. Unlike Shakespeare's large body of plays,poems and sonnets (十四行诗), Tang wrote only four major plays: The Purple Hairpin, Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》), A Dream under the Southern bough, and Dream of Handan. The latter three were constructed around a dream narrative, a way through which Tang unlocked the emotional dimension of human desires and ambitions and explored human nature beyond the social and political limits of that time.Similar to Shakespeare, Tang's success rode the wave of a renaissance (复兴) in theater as an artistic practice. As in Shakespeare'sEngland, Tang's works became hugely popular inChinatoo. During Tang'sChina, his plays were enjoyed performed, and changed. Kunqu Opera, a form of musical drama, spread from southernChinato the whole nation and became a symbol of Chinese culture. Combining northern tune and southern music, kunqu Opera was known for its poetic language, music, dance movements and gestures. Tang's works benefited greatly from the popularity of kunqu Opera, and his plays are considered classics of kunqu Opera.While Tang and Shakespeare lived in a world away from each other, there are many things they share in common, such e humanity of their drama, their heroic figures, their love for poetic language, a lasting popularity and the anniversary during which we still celebrate them.1. Why is Shakespeare mentioned in the first paragraph?A. To describe Shakespeare's anniversary.B. To introduce the existence of Tang Xianzu.C. To explain the importance of Shakespeare.D. To suggest the less popularity of Tang Xianzu.2. What's possibly one of the main theme of Tang's works?A. Social reality.B. Female dreams.C. Human emotions.D. Political environment.3. What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 4?A. The influence of Kunqu Opera on Tang's works.B. Tang's success in copying Shakespeare's styles.C. The way Kunqu Opera became a symbol of Chinese culture.D. Tang's popularity for his poetic language and music.BWith graduation days being celebrated all over the country, a student who has to use a wheelchair honored his mother on his graduation day in a special way. Easley High School graduate, Alex Mays surprised people present when he got up and walked across the stage at Clemson's Littlejohn Coliseum.“I was really happy—it made me feel good,” Alex said.Alex was not given a chance to live right from his birth. He was born at 25 weeks and weighed just 1 pound, 10 ounces at birth. When he was very young, he had a disease and lost the ability to walk. After his mother's death in 2013, Alex had several other difficult life changes until he came to live with his grandparents, Dousay and her husband, Dewayne. Dousay said that when Alex came to live with them, they decided to bring him up in the best possible way they could.Last fall, Alex said that he would walk across the stage to get his diploma to honor his late mother. He practiced hard and worked with a physical therapist for 9 months to complete his plan.The only help Alex got was from his mom's best friend, Tonya Johnson, who pushed his wheelchair to the stage wearing one of his mother's favorite shirts. “I had support from my family. I couldn't have done it without them,” Alex said.“Alex made everyone in the building feel encouraged that day” Pickens County School District public information specialist John Eby said. “The school teachers knew he was going to get up to get his diploma, but the distance he walked was a surprise, even to them,” Eby said.“Some of life's most important tests aren’t given in a classroom; Alex tested himself and passed with flying color1 s,” Eby added.4. In what way did Alex honor his late mother on his graduation day?A. By dressing like her.B. By saying sorry to her.C. By inviting her best friend.D. By walking to get his diploma.5. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?A. Alex was born healthy.B. Alex went through a lot.C. Alex had a purpose in life as a child.D. Alex has lived with his grandparents all the time.6. What did Alex also express on his graduation day?A. His big regret in life.B. His feelings for hisschool.C. His thanks for his family.D. His will to complete his study.7. Which of the following words can best describe Alex?A. Strong-minded.B. Warm-hearted.C. Cool-headed.D. Easy-going.CThe Chinese philosopher (哲学家) Confucius once said, “Time flows away like the water in the river.” This is especially true as the novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak has affected millions of people in China, andthe whole nation has been working day and night to fight the epidemic.In late January, when an increasing number of people in Wuhan were suspected to be infected, and hospitals didn't have adequate beds for them, two special hospitals—Lei shenshan Hospital and Huo shenshan Hospital were built. These two makeshift (临时的) hospitals were built to treat pneumonia patients infected with the novel coronavirus.HuoshenshanHospitalhas 1,000 beds and covers 33,900 square meters, andLeishenshanHospitalhas 1,500 beds and a total area of about 79,000 square meters. More than 4,000 workers worked 24/7 in two shifts, and nearly 1,000 large-scale pieces of equipment and transport vehicles helped the project on site. The two hospitals were built in an amazingly short time. It only took 10 days for people to build Huo shenshan, and 14 days for Lei shenshan.This certainly wowed many people overseas. “It's incredible that two hospitals with 2,500 beds can be built in a short period. It's just hard to believe,” a foreigner named Stuart told People's Daily. In the meantime, Chinese companies have also taken actions quickly in this battle.“The automobile industry is highly industrialized with strong capabilities in comprehensive manufacturing, purchasing materials, production lines and output of technologies,” Shi Jianhua, deputy secretary-general of China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, told CCTV News. “In this special time, when the nation needs more masks, it's time for us to quickly respond and shoulder the social responsibilities.”Indeed, a fast response is crucial in any crisis. In this special time,Chinacan't afford to waste a second in the fight against the epidemic. After all, time equals life during this crisis.8. Confucius' saying “Time flows away like the water in the river.” is mentioned to ______.A. arouse readers' interest in the passage.B. introduce the subject of the passage.C. present the background information.D. stress the value of time in epidemic.9. What can we learn about Lei shenshan hospital and Huo shenshan hospital?A. They are new hospitals for health care inWuhan.B. They were built in minimal time.C. Over 4,000 workers worked continuously.D. Stuart found them too massive to believe.10. We can infer from Shi Jianhua's words that the automobile industry inChina______.A. had no medical supplies factories before.B. guarantees whoever in need enough masks.C. has capabilities to give timely response.D. has strong abilities in manufacturing.11. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. China fights epidemic against the clock.B. Twospecial hospitals were constructed.C. Chinese firms acted quickly and effectively.D. Time is crucial for people in overcoming crisis.DDepression（抑郁症）in young adult males, ages 18 or 19, is linked to a 20% greater risk of having a heart attack in middle age, according to a new Swedish study.The link can be partly explained by poorer stress resilience（抗压能力）and lower physical fitness among teens with mental disorders.Theresearch included 238,013 men born between 1958 and 1962 who were given examinations in adolescence（青春期）and were then followed into middle age（up to the age of 58 years）. A total of 34,503 men were diagnosed（诊断）with a mental disorder.The study found thata mental disorder in young adulthond was linked to a higher risk of having heart attack by middle age. Compared to men without a mental illness in young adulthood，the risk of heart attack was 20%higher among men with a diagnosis.“We already knew that menwho were physically fit in adolescence seem less likely to keep fitness in later years if they have low stress resilience” said study author Dr. Bergh, “Our research has also shown that low stressresilience is also connected with a greater tendency towards bad behavior, such as higher risks of smoking, drinking and other drug use.”“Better fitness in adolescence is likely to help protect against later heart disease, particularly if people stay fit as they age. Physical activities may also reduce some of the bad effects of stress. Those in poor health could benefit from additional support to encourage exercise and develop plans to deal with stress,” said Bergh.12. How does the author develop paragraph 3?A. By giving examples.B. By listing figures.C. By making a comparison.D. By drawing a conclusion.13. What are men with low stress resilience likely to do?A. Smoke more.B. Eat more.C. Sleep less.D. Do less exercise.14. What will Bergh agree with according to the last paragraph?A. Physical activitiesadd to stress.B. Stress may cause heart disease.C. Taking exercise is unnecessary.D. Staying fit is of great importance.15. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Entertainment.B. Health.C. Education.D. Fashion.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上海市建平中学高三英语三模试卷及参考答案
2019-2020学年上海市建平中学高三英语三模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AEast Yorkshire has typical unpredictable British weather. So here are some ideas to keep everybody happy when the weather is not the most ideal.William's Den, North CaveThe outdoor and indoor areas are suitable for children of all ages to have fun.There are nests to explore, rope bridges to cross, a tree-house and a slide. The attached Kitchen provides fresh food made from locally sourced ingredients serving a selection of treats.East Riding Leisure CentresKnown for a fun learner pool alongside an incredible fun zone with two slides as well, it is perfect for kids to find their feet in the water, have fun and explore. Its 6 climbing walls offer a different challenge on each. This place is suitable for anyone over the age of 4 and you can refuel at cafe with fresh food, snacks and cakes.Sewerby Hall and GardensWhen the weather’s not sure, take cover in the Hall and learn how life was in the early 1900’s for the residents and workers of the house. Then explore the zoo and meet the pigs, parrots and penguins! Kids of all ages are welcome.Withernsea LighthouseThere’s no limitation to the age of kids to climb Withernsea Lighthouse, which is 144 steps to the top, with full views of the East Yorkshire Coast at the top of it. Enjoy the museum on the ground floor and learn what life is like working and living in a lighthouse. The souvenir shop provides attractive gifts for visitors at a fair price.1.Which one is unsuitable for kids of all ages?A.William’s Den, North Cave.B.East Riding Leisure Centres.C.Sewerby Hall and Gardens.D.Withernsea Lighthouse.2.Where can kids enjoy food?A.In William’s Den, North Cave and Sewerby Hall and Gardens.B.In East Riding Leisure Centres and Withernsea LighthouseC.In William’s Den, North Cave and East RidingLeisure Centres.D.In Sewerby Hall and Gardens and Withernsea Lighthouse.3.Where does this passage probably come from?A.A geography textbook.B.A science report.C.A finance magazine.D.A travel brochure.BMikah Frye, a 9-year-old boy, was walking down the streets with his grandmother discussing Christmas gifts when he saw some homeless people struggling to stay warm in the cold night. Then he was thinking about a way to help the homeless to spend a warm Christmas.That thought stayed in Mikah Frye’s mind and when he reached home, Mikah informed his parents not to buy the Microsoft XBox gaming device he had asked for earlier. Mikah realized that by not buying the $300 device, he could instead donate over 30 blankets to the homeless. He knew how much it meant to be warm in the cold holiday season.Three years ago, Mikah and his parents were the ones living in a homeless shelter. Having suffered a financial crisis, they too had lost their house, not knowing where their next meal would come from and sharing a blanket every night. Mikah was six years old then but he remembered what it was like to have to give back that precious blanket every morning.Reaching out to the emergency shelter programme that looked after them 3 years ago, the family donated 60 blankets in the end, each with a personalized message of hope in Mikah’s handwriting stating: “They gave me a blanket, but I had to leave it. That’s why I want you to have your own blanket. Today, I live in my own house, and someday you will too. Your friend, Mikah.”The homeless people at the shelter may not have been able to give Mikah a Christmas gift in return but his gesture was noted by the billion dollar company Microsoft who made sure that Mikah was fooled into visiting their store so that Santa Claus could personally deliver an XBox from the company to him as a reward for making the top of “Santa’s list of nice boys” that year.4. Why did Mikah give up his Christmas gift?A. The device was out of date.B. His parents had a tight budget.C. He wanted to spend a warm Christmas.D. He decided to do something charitable.5. What made Mikah have a better understanding of the situation of the homeless?A. His own experience.B. His parents’ education.C. His visiting to the emergency shelter.D. The cold weather during the holiday season.6. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. The homeless gave Mikah a gift in return.B. He finally got the gift he wanted on Christmas.C. The company Microsoft fooled Mikah into buying an Xbox.D Mikah wrote a thank-you note to the emergency shelter he lived in.7. What might be the best title for the text?A. Mikah’s Precious Christmas GiftB. Mikah’s Giving Warmth on ChristmasC. Microsoft Rewarded Nice Boys on Santa’s ListD. The Homeless Needed Blankets on a Cold ChristmasCAfter years of releasing e-readers that compete directly with Amazon’s Kindle, Rakuten Kobo’s latest device offers something totally different: theability to draw and write directly on the screen.With a large 10.3-inch E-ink display, the Kobo Elipsa looks more like an electronic clipboard than the standard paperpack-sized e-reader. Although the ability to write on the screen is no big deal — especially given its high price tag of $ 600 — the overall package is impressively functional.In terms of reading, the Elipsa packs just about everything you’d expect in a Kobo. You can purchase and download books from the store, read web articles you’ve saved online via Pocket, and connect to your local library to borrow e-books and magazines. It’s known that Kindle basically requires you to buy books from Amazon. Unlike Kindles, Kobos are pretty open with the formats they support; you can connect the Elipsa to a computer and transfer over any PDF books you have bought or downloaded from stores like Booktopia or Google Books.You can fill your virtual notepads with notes using brush and pen types, and export them as PDFs or images to a PC. There’s also an “advanced” notebook that can turn your writing into typed and editable text for exporting to Microsoft Word format. You can also write directly onto documents themselves, with all your word circling and underlining saved as you go to review later. This is especially handy when it comes to PDFs, as changes you make are synced（同步）automatically when you have Wi-Fi, so you can move between your Elipsa, PC and phone and keep your notes.With all that said, we can see it really appealing to e-reader fans who also tend to do a lot of work on paper. If you ever print things out to mark them up, fill notepads with writing or drawing that you later have to transcribe or scan, or just wish you could write all over your library books, this could be the device for you.8. Which of the following best describes the Elipsa?A. Automatic.B. Traditional.C. Useful.D. Standard.9. How is a Kobo different from a Kindle in reading?A. A Kindle has a larger screen.B. A Kindle can support more formats.C. A Kobo supports books from various sources.D. A Kobo should be connected to local libraries.10. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Kobos?A Their function in syncing. B. Their function in typing.C. Their function in writing.D. Their function in reading.11. In which section of a newspaper can the text probably be found?A. Education.B. Technology.C. Lifestyle.D. Business.DFairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination and teach problem—solving skills. They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI (artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. We believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixote” (堂吉诃德). It collects story plotsfrom the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line; it can interact with the store keeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. Without any further directives(指令), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robotwill learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. It’s a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.12. What function do fairy tales perform in the robots?A. They entertain robots.B. They highlight dangers.C. They make robots more intelligent.D. They enable robots to behave morally.13. What is “Quixote” in the text?A. A punishment systemB. A character in literatureC. A big name in technologyD. A software educating robots.14. What does the designer expect robot to do in the experiment?A. To take advantage of its privilege.B. To finish the task most efficiently.C. To perform in a good mannered way.D. To be rewarded by the storekeeper115. Which of the follow can bestexpress the author’s opinion?A. Robots will definitely have more functions.B. Robots with human’s emotions are perfect.C. Training robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.D. The development of robots is still in a baby step.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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上海建平中学2019-2020学年高三英语质量调研试卷Section ADirections:Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The impact of smoke screen on adolescentsThe study began by recruiting over 2,600 US school children aged 10 to 14 who had never smoked. Each child was then asked if they had watched any of 50 movies randomly (21) (select) from 601 box office hits. The number of occurrences of smoking in each film was recorded.When followed up one to two years later, 10 percent of the children had tried (22) (smoke). The children in the top quarter of exposure to movie smoking were 2.7 times more likely to have tried a cigarette than (23) in the lowest quarter of exposure. This effect was independent of other factors that might influence the child’s smoking behavior, such as friends or family smoking.“If provides more evidence (24)movies have a strong impact on adolescents,” says Dalton, an expert in cancer risk behavior in children. “Previous studies suggested that smoking in movies (25) (influence) adolescent smoking behavior, but this is the first study to show that viewing smoking in movies predicts (26) will start smoking in the future.”Dalton says a previous study by the team showed that children were more likely to smoke (27) their favorite actor smoked. “We know from past studies it’svery rare for smoking to be portrayed in a negative light. Smokers in movies tend to be tough guys or sexy, rebellious women, which appeals to adolescents,” she told New Scientist.Movies which depict smoking (28) be given an adult rating or “R rating” in the US, suggests Glantz, which would mean that children under 17 could not see the film (29) a parent. An R rating for smoking in movies would prevent about 330 adolescents in the US from starting to smoke and ultimately (30) (extend) 170 lives every day,” he writes.【答案】21. selected 22. smoking 23. those 24. that 25. influenced 26. who 27. if 28. should 29. without 30. extend【解析】21. 题在if引导的条件状语中作非谓语，表示“被随机选出来的”50部电影，根据前文的时态可以看出是过去发生的事，因此填过去分词selected表示被动完成。
22. 题实验追踪这些青少年，1-2年之后发现，10%都曾试过抽烟，考查词组try doing sth.，因此填smoking.23. 题所在句子中主语是the children, 考查比较状语从句，than后面应该是跟主语相同的词，因此考虑填指示代词，指代those children。
24. 题考查同位语从句，空格后面的句子成分完整，因此填连词that。
25. 题句子中的主语previous studies可以看出谓语动词应为过去时态，因此填influenced.26. 题为宾语从句，从句中的start smoking表明从句的主语是人，因此填who.27. 题通过从句中的时态，以及likely可以看出是if引导的条件状语从句。
28. 题所在的最后一段是作者的呼吁，从后面的be动词原形和定于从句的would虚拟语气中可以看出此空为情态动词，且是should。
29. 题通过前文语意可以看出，R级电影是未成年人不能单独观看的，需要父母在场陪同，而空格前是否定could not，因此填without.A. generateB. helpingC. representativeD. reactionE. strengthens30. 题通过并列连词and和主语rating, 谓语would prevent, 可以看出此空填原形extend.Section B (10分)Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.An open letter to the GE staffDear fellows,I wanted to write you today about news that GE is being removed from the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). The DJIA is a 100 year-ago index(指数) that is meant to be a(n) (31) sample of American business. It is a largely symbolic index and our inclusion is a function（函数）of our share price relative to others.That said, GE is the longest-standing member and that is something I have always been proud of. I know all of you have been, too. While we were not aware of the announcement, it is not a total surprise. I have tried at every step to share with you our (32) but also the things we need to improve. That is what we areworking on most. Our membership in the Dow is something that (33) our past, not our future.Let me tell you how I am thinking about this. When I first heard the news, I had the same (34) as all of you probably did. But it quickly triggered my (35) side—the side of me that is deeply rooted in my love and respect for the company.As a company (36) to technology and making an impact on the world, I would put us up against any company in the world. We (37) 1/3 of the world’s electricity and two out of every three flights take off with GE engines. We have the largest install base of life-saving imaging equipment. We are a fundamental part of the day to day life across the globe. The world counts on GE and we are there to answer that (38) .We have been making hard decision about our company. In life there are only two ways to deal with hard things. One is to give in and give up and the other is to fight. I am more than up for the fight. This is our chance to show the world what we can do—stare into the face of skepticism（怀疑主义）and cynicism（吹毛求疵）about GE and meet it with confidence, pride in the company and a(n) (39) amount of hard work and resolve.I said two things in my annual letter to shareowners: first, it is the people inside the company who shape GE, not the people outside and second, people who bet against us to do so as their own (40) .Let us use to remind the world that GE is a company that matters to the world. We are going to win this flight.Thanks for your dedication and hard work.【答案】31-35 CEFDG 36-40 HAJBKIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Although it is difficult to make direct year-to-year comparisons because of increase in viewing on digital devices, the trend over the past decade is clear in numerous studies, including the Nielsen ratings. The average age of those who watch nationally televised Major League Baseball games has been (41) these years. Asked in a survey whether they (42) baseball, nearly two-thirds of those ages 18 to 36 said no.Michael Haupert, a professor of economics at the University of Wisconsin ----la Crosse who studies baseball as a business, explains why many young people might be (43) by what to an older and more knowledgeable fan is one of the most exciting experiences in sports: a no-hitter. ” Failure is more (44) than success,” he says. ”If my students get a third of the answers right on their test, they fail. However, if a ballplayer gets a hit a third of the time, he’s often one of the (45) .” But watch an NBA game for 15 seconds, and you will likely see one team score.It is not surprising that (46) the length of games----about three hours in recent years-----and increasing the pace of action has become a subject of discussion among those who love baseball. MLB commissioner Rob Manfred is strongly (47) of both. For the 2018 season, the league issued a set of new rules designed to do just that. Mound visits are limited. A timer countdown is designed to shorten the breakbetween innings(局).No one knows if any of these changes will significantly shorten games. According to MLB, the average length of a nine-inning outing this season has been three hours---about five minutes shorter than the 2017 average, itself the longest mean on record.All of those proposed changes seem to (48) the point. I interviewed at least 100 semi-fans in their late teens and early 20s for my recent book. All considered themselves fans to some degree, though they (49) watched more than snatches—on iPads or smartphones. They told me it made no difference whether a game lasted two or three hours: they would not pay attention for (50) amount of time.The historic May 14 Supreme Court decision allowing all states to legalize sports betting could have an impact on all this. More people will soon be able to gamble on sports while watching a game on their couch. But whether (51) gambling will attract more young people to baseball is a huge unknown. Many already gamble, both legally and illegally, on fantasy sports, but legalization will provide yet another (52) during games in real time. Will some states allow betting reports in broadcasts? Will it make the young more likely to bet on baseball than on other sports? Stay tuned.I don’t know what will hook young people on baseball. But abandoning the game’s unique selling proposition---the timelessness that provides both suspense and great conversation for the educated fan -----is not the (53) . Baseball, Clark told me, is like a game of chess---and too many (54) - changes might turn itinto something “more similar to a game of checkers.” Baseball may survive in spite of its challenges, precisely because it stands out and stands up against the short (55) spans that negatively affect every aspect of our culture, including politics and education. As Casey Stengel is reported to have said,” Never make predictions, especially about the future. ”41. A. arising B. declining C. varying D. rising42. A. followed B. abandoned C. secured D. played43. A. Held up B. taken up C. picked up D. fed up44. A. honorable B. common C. acceptable D. worthwhile45. A. stars B. losers C. hitters D. winners46. A. decreasing B. extending C. increasing D. balancing47. A. disapproving B. capable C. supportive D. independent48. A. miss B. reach B. deny D. clarify49. A. frequently B. sometimes C. rarely D. typically50. A. excessive B. specific C. either D. total51. A. risky B. organized C. addictive D. easy52. A. distraction B. appeal C. pastime D. channel53. A. inspiration B. answer C. achievement D. recreation54. A. overwhelming B. simplifying C. sweeping D. underlying55. A. information B. time C. memory D. attention【答案】41-45 DADBC 46-50 ACACC 51-55 DABBD41. 考察动词. 本句意思是说看Major League Baseball games 的平均年龄上升，所以答案选D。