学术英语(社科)_Unit 1ppt带答案
Rational people know that decisions in life are rarely black and white but usually involve shades of gray. (Para. 2)
→ Rational people know that when they make a decision, it is often not a yes-or-no choice, but requires deliberate consideration of the pros and cons.
学术英语 社科
Academic English for Social Sciences
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
• Text A – Key terms
– Critical reading and thinking
Economists’ explanation about decision making: There are rules behind people’s decision-making behaviors.
Unit 1
Decisioin
Critical reading and thinking
marginal change: 边际变化 small incremental adjustments to a plan of action
marginal benefit: 边际效益 the additional benefit from an increase in an activity
incentive: 激励 something that induces a person to act
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
How People Make Decisions
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Example 2: a tax on gasoline How people respond to incentives?
Are you a rational person?
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Rational people respond to incentives.
Conclusion 1: The net result is little change in the number of driver deaths and an increase in the number of pedestrian deaths.
Conclusion 2: When analyzing any policy, consider both the direct effects and less obvious indirect effects.
Encourage people to □ drive small, more fuel-efficient cars; □ carpool □ take public transportation; □ live closer to where they work; □ drive hybrid cars; □ drive electric cars.
Question: should the airline sell the ticket?
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Answer: Yes. Reason: If the plane has empty seat, the cost of adding one more passenger is tiny. Here the marginal cost is merely the cost of something to eat, like peanuts, coco, etc.
– Difficult sentences
– English language for
academic purpose
• Specialized vocabulary • Collocations • Formal and informal English • Signpost language
Unit 1
diamonds are rare.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Conclusion: Rational people think at the margin. (They make decisions by comparing costs and benefits.)
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Key terms
rational people: 理性人 Those people who systematically and purposefully do the best they can to achieve their objectives, given the available opportunities.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Key terms
marginal cost: 边际成本 the additional cost from an increase in an activity
marginal decision-making: 边际决策 the additional cost from an increase in an activity
Cost of each seat: $500 (That’s to say, never sell a ticket for less than $500.)
Suppose: A plane is about to take off with 10 empty seats. A standby passenger will pay $300 for a seat.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Difficult sentences
“People respond to incentives. The rest is commentary.” (Para. 6)
→ The most important theory in economic study concerns itself with incentives. Other theories are not as important. “The rest is commentary” is a phrase used in American English to mean “the rest is trivial or less important”.
Example 1: the price of an apple How people respond to incentives?
When the price rises: It provides an incentive for buyers to consume less; It provides an incentive for sellers to produce more.
If the policy changes incentives, it will cause people to alter their behavior.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Difficult sentences
Unnecessary for survival
The marginal benefit The marginal benefit
of an extra cup is of an extra diamond
small because water is large because
is plentiful.
Conclusion: As long as the standby passenger pays more than the marginal cost, selling the ticket is profitable.
Unit 1
Decision-Making
Text A
Behaviors in Economic
How a seat belt law alters a driver’s costbenefit calculation (Peltzman’s analysis): Seat belts reduce the likelihood of injury or death → make accidents less costly → drive faster and less carefully → a large number of accidents
学术英语-unit1
学术英语-unit12015-2016学年第⼆学期2015级《学术英语》第⼀单元测验测验时间：30分钟。
满分：20分。
请把所有的答案都写在试题后⾯预留的横线处！PartⅠMatch the words and phrases in Column A with the definitions in Column B, and write your answer on the Answer sheet follow the example, eg. 1-A. (5 Points)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Par tⅡPlease explain the underlined terms in English. (3 Points)1.Middle-of-the-road prices are no good: not high enough to exploit loyal customers, notlow enough to attract the bargain-hunters. (1.5 Points)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.The pricing-targeting strategy only works because the supermarket always.(1.5 Points)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Par t ⅢRead the following sentences which are chosen from our textbook, and translate or paraphrase them according to the requirement after each sentence. (12 Points)1. You will be expected to have both the technical skills needed to accomplish a specific task and the ability to work well with many types of people in a culturally diverse work force. (Text A, Please paraphrase the sentence in English in your own words. 3 Points)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. In fact, it is just as accurate, and more illuminating, to turn the “sale” on its head and view prices as premiums on the sale price rather than sale prices as discounts on regular price. (Text B, Please translate the sentence into Chinese in your own words.3 Points)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. As companies, we need to be where customers are and communicate through the channels they prefer, and a growing number of people are preferring social networking sites. (Text C, Please translate the sentence in English in your own words.3 Points)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. Every customers and employee suddenly has a voice, and what they say matters. (Text C, Please paraphrase the sentence in English in your own words. 3 Points)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。
学术英语社科unit1history and civilization
学术英语社科unit1history andcivilizationIntroduction:History and civilization are two interrelated concepts that have fascinated scholars, researchers and students for centuries. As part of the academic study of social sciences, the unit of history and civilization aims to provide learners with an understanding of human development, culture, and society. In this article, we will explore the main themes and concepts covered in this unit.1. The concept of civilization:Civilization refers to the development of human society in terms of culture, economic organization, politics, and technology. This concept has been widely used in the social sciences to explain and analyze patterns and changes in human societies over time. Topics covered in this unit may include the rise and fall of ancient civilizations, the impact of colonization on indigenous communities, and the current state of globalization.2. The study of history:History refers to the study of past events, people, and societies. In the context of social sciences, history is seen as a crucial tool for understanding how societies andcultures have shaped over time. Topics covered in this unit may include the methods used in historical research, the interpretation of primary sources, the role of bias and perspective in historical analysis, and the ways in whichhistory can inform our understanding of contemporary issues.3. Historical periods and movements:This unit may also cover key historical periods and movements that have shaped human society and culture. These may include the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, and the two World Wars. Learners may be expected to analyzethe social, economic, and political factors that led to these events, as well as the impact they had on subsequenthistorical developments.4. Comparative analysis:As a part of studying history and civilization, learners may be expected to conduct comparative analysis between different societies, cultures, and time periods. This may involve analyzing similarities and differences between different civilizations in terms of their development, relationships to nature, and social structures. It may also involve examining the impact of historical events and movements on different regions of the world.Conclusion:The unit on history and civilization is an essential component of the study of social sciences. By providing learners with an understanding of how societies and cultures have shaped over time, this unit helps students to develop critical thinking skills, and to gain a deeper appreciationfor the complexity of human civilization. By studying the methods and techniques used in historical research, learners can also develop skills in research, analysis, and interpretation that are valuable in many fields.。
最新学术英语(社科)_Unit 1ppt带答案培训资料
Unit 1
Decision-Making
Text A
Behaviors in Economic
Economists’ explanation about decision making: There are rules behind people’s decision-making behaviors.
Unit 1
Decision-Making
Text A
Behaviors in
Critical reading and thinking
– English language for
academic purpose
• Specialized vocabulary • Collocations • Formal and informal English • Signpost language
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Economic
Activities Rational people think at the margin.
Example 1: standby tickets What a rational airline can do?
Situation: Flying a 200-seat plane across the U.S. costs the airline $100,000.
学术英语(社科)-Unit-1含答案
3 严谨性
4 文档结构
学术写作需要遵循严谨的逻辑和结构，确 保论点的一致性和可信度。
学术论文应具有明确的引言、方法、结果 和讨论等部分，以便读者能够快速理解内 容。
学术写作中常见的错误
1 语法和拼写错误
2 无论证的观点
细心检查语法和拼写，使用拼写检查工具 和语法指南。
确保论点有充分的证据支持，避免主观臆 断。
学术写作能够通过深入 研究和分析解决复杂问 题。
学术写作中的研究方法
1
文献综述
通过查阅文献来调研和了解特定研究领域的进展。
2
实证研究
通过收集和分析实证数据来验证假设和研究问题。
3
案例研究
通过深入研究个别案例来获得对某一现象的深入理解。
学术写作中的关键术语和概念
1 假设
2 方法论
3 变量
学术研究中提出的研究 思路和推测。
3 参考文献不完整
4 表达不清晰
在学术写作中正确引用和参考来源是关键， 避免遗漏引用。
使用清晰明确的语言，避免冗长和模糊的 句子。
学术写作中的关键思维能力
1 批判性思维
2 逻辑推理
3 问题解决
学术写作需要思考问题 的不同角度，评估证据 的有效性。
学术写作需要清晰的逻 辑思维，展示论点的合 理性和连贯性。
学术研究中使用的特定 方法和方法论。
研究中用来衡量和分析 的不同因素。
社科学术写作的有效沟通策略
1 明确目标读者
了解读者的背景和需求，以便有效传达信息。
2 使用简明清晰的语言
避免使用复杂的术语和句子结构，使文本更易于理解。
3 结构化组织
使用清晰的段落结构和逻辑顺序，以便读者能够跟随思路。
学术英语(社科)-Unit1含答案ppt
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
What is the author trying to prove?
What is the author assuming I will agree with?
Do you agree with the author?
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Critical reading and thinking
Activities
Example 2: water vs. diamond
Why is water so cheap, while diamonds are so
expensive?
water
Necessary for survival
diamond
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Example 3: a seat belt law
American laws require seat belts as standard equipment on new cars.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Key terms
marginal cost: 边际成本 the additional cost from an increase in an activity
学术英语unit1练习答案
Unit 1 Lesson2 Section APresenting a Speech dr drTask 3 Translation A. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (P14) 1. 通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识和传承文化。
2. 暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个不同但是有一些共同之处的事物联系在一起。
3. 实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别优秀演说和空洞演说的关键所在。
4. 为了使表达更加富有效果，你演说中的举例应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。
5. 扩展性的例子---描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事---通常长些，但更具体。
6. 虚拟性的例子描述想象中的情形，能够十分有效地将演说者的思想传达给听众。
7. 只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。
8. 引用那些权威的观点对于增加演说者的可信度来说是一种好方法。
可信度来说是一种好方法。
9. 语言是演说者展示才能的工具。
对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样，语言也有特殊的功用。
特殊的功用。
10. 演说的表达方式基本上有四种：通读手稿中的段落，复述背诵过的一段文章，幻灯片辅助的演说，即兴发挥的演说。
片辅助的演说，即兴发挥的演说。
B. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (P15) 发言提纲是有效发言的基础。
发言提纲是有效发言的基础。
通过写发通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的想法是相关联的，言提纲，你可以确保你的想法是相关联的， 你的思路是从一点谈到另一点，你的思路是从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结你的讲话结构是连贯的。
通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。
纲。
在准备提纲中，在准备提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点。
学术英语人文社科类.完美版PPT
blanks according to the text.
The study of sociology
How to think sociologically?
Cultivate _th_e__im__a_g_in_a_t_io_n_; “think ourselves away” from _th_e__fa_m__il_ia_r_r_o_u_ti_n_e_s_o_f_o_u_r_d_a_il_y_l_iv_e_s_i_n_o_r_d_e_r_to__lo_o_k__a_t _th_e_m__a_n_e_w_.
Text A
Unit 4
Suggested answers
The Study of Society and
Critical reading and thinking
People
Task 1 The tree diagram below shows how the authors
develop the text about the study of sociology. Fill in the
Text A
Unit 4
Suggested answers
The Study of Society and
Critical reading and thinking
People
Task 1 The tree diagram below shows how the authors
develop the text about the study of sociology. Fill in the
blanks according to the text.
The study of sociology
学术英语(社科)_Unit1含答案ppt
Lead-in
Reading critically: questions for discussion
Does the author adequately defend their argument?
What kind of proof do they use?
Is there something they leave out that you would put in?
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Key terms
rational people: 理性人 Those people who systematically and purposefully do the best they can to achieve their objectives, given the available opportunities.
• Text A – Key terms
– Critical reading and thinking
– Difficult sentences
– English language for
academic purpose
• Specialized vocabulary • Collocations • Formal and informal English • Signpost language
Economists’ explanation about decision making: There are rules behind people’s decision-making behaviors.
学术英语Unit1 练习答案
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
Enhancing your academic language
Translate the following sentences from Text 2 into Chinese.
1 看似无害的编程错误可以被利用，导致电脑被侵入并为电 脑蠕虫和病毒的繁衍提供温床。
When it comes to cloud computing, it is often worried that cloud
computing is not reliable, the worries ranging from (从……到) “I lose control over the system with cloud computing” to “My files are not secure with cloud computing”. Actually the worries arise from some misunderstandings (来自于对……误解) of cloud computing. Although the security of cloud computing _le_a_v_e_s_a__lo_t_o_f_p_r_o_b_le_m__s_u_n_s_o_lv_e_d__(留下很多问题没有得到解决), it opens a path for (打开了通道) the future development of computers. Hence a better understanding of a new technology (需要有新的思想)___re_q_u_i_re_s__a_d_if_fe_r_e_n_t_f_ra_m__e_o_f_m__in_d___.
学术英语课后答案unit1.docx
学术英语理工教师手册Unit 1Choosing a TopicI Teaching ObjectivesIn this unit , you will learn how to:a particular topic for your researcha research questiona working title for your research essayyour language skills related with reading and listening materials presented in this unitII. Teaching Procedureson a topicTask 1Answers may vary.Task 21 No, because they all seem like a subject rather than a topic, a subject which cannot be addressed even by a whole book, let alone by a1500-wordessay.2Each of them can be broken down into various and more specific aspects. For example, cancer can be classified into breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer and so on.Breast cancer can have such specific topics for research as causes for breast cancer, effects of breast cancer and prevention or diagnosis of breast cancer.3 Actually the topics of each field are endless. Take breast cancer for example,we can have the topics like:Why Women Suffer from Breast Cancer More Than Men?A New Way to Find Breast TumorsSome Risks of Getting Breast Cancer in Daily LifeBreast Cancer and Its Direct Biological ImpactBreast Cancer—the Symptoms & DiagnosisBreastfeeding and Breast CancerTask 31 Text 1 illustrates how hackers or unauthorized users use one way or another toget inside a computer, while Text 2 describes the various electronic threats acomputer may face.2 Both focus on the vulnerability of a computer.3 Text 1 analyzes the ways of computer hackers, while Text 2 describes securityproblems of a computer.4 Text 1: The way hackers“get inside” a computerText 2: Electronic threats a computer facesYes, I think they are interesting, important, manageable and adequate.Task 41Lecture1:Ten Commandments of Computer EthicsLecture 2:How to Deal with Computer HackersLecture 3:How I Begin to Develop Computer Applications2Answersmay vary.Task 5Answers may vary.2 Formulating a research questionTask 1Text 3Research question 1: How many types of cloud services are there and what are they?Research question 2: What is green computing?Research question 3: What are advantages of the cloud computing?Text 4Research question 1: What is the Web ?Research question 2: What are advantages and disadvantages of the cloud computing? Research question 3: What security benefits can the cloud computing provide?Task 22 Topic2: Threats of Artificial IntelligenceResearch questions:1)What are the threats of artificial intelligence?2)How can human beings control those threats?3)What are the difficulties to control those threats?3 Topic3: The Potentials of NanotechnologyResearch questions:1)What are its potentials in medicine?2)What are its potentials in space exploration?3)What are its potentials in communications?4 Topic4: Global Warming and Its EffectsResearch questions:1)How does it affect the pattern of climates?2)How does it affect economic activities?3)How does it affect human behavior?Task 3Answers may vary.3 Writing a working titleTask 1Answers may vary.Task 21 Lecture 4 is about the security problems of cloud computing, while Lecture 5 isabout the definition and nature of cloud computing, hence it is more elementary than Lecture 4.2 The four all focus on cloud computing. Although Lecture 4 and Text 4 address thesame topic, the former is less optimistic while the latter has more confidence inthe security of cloud computing. Text 3 illustrates the various advantages of cloud computing.3 Lecture 4: Cloud Computing SecurityLecture 5: What Is Cloud Computing?Task 3Answers may vary.4 Enhancing your academic languageReading: Text 1the words with their definitions.1g 2a 3e 4b 5c 6d 7j 8f 9h 10iwords listed 2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the targetbelow with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 symbolic 2distributed3site4complex 5identify6fairly 7straightforward 8capability 9target10attempt11process 12parameter13interpretation14technical15range 16exploit17networking18involve19 instance 20specification 21accompany22predictable23profile3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.ranging from（从⋯⋯到）arise from some misunderstandings leaves a lot of problems unsolved opens a path for（打开了通道）requires a different frame of mind （来自于⋯⋯ 解）（留下很多没有得到解决）（需要有新的思想）the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.1)有些人声称黑客是那些超越知疆界而不造成危害的好人（或即使造成危害，但并非故意而），而“ 客”才是真正的坏人。