卢沟桥(英文)
抗日战争英文作文故事
抗日战争英文作文故事英文回答：In the annals of human history, the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) stands as a poignant reminder of the horrors and sacrifices endured during times of great conflict. The conflict between China and Japan had been simmering for decades, fueled by Japan's imperialistic ambitions and China's desire for self-determination. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident on July 7, 1937, served as the catalyst for the outbreak of full-scale hostilities.Initially, Japan enjoyed significant military advantages, swiftly capturing major Chinese cities and inflicting heavy casualties. However, the Chinese people, driven by unwavering patriotism and resilience, refused to succumb to foreign domination. Led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, the Chinese army adopted a strategy of attrition, engaging in guerrilla warfare and protracted battles to wear down the Japanese forces.The war had a devastating impact on both nations. Millions of Chinese civilians perished due to massacres, starvation, and disease. Entire cities were reduced to rubble by Japanese bombings. Japan, too, suffered heavy losses, with hundreds of thousands of its soldiers killed or wounded.International condemnation of Japan's aggression mounted during the war. In December 1941, the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan brought the United States into the conflict, and the war became part of the broader Pacific Theater of World War II. With the support of its allies, China fought valiantly, gradually turning the tide against Japan.Finally, on August 15, 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The war had ended, but the scars it left on both nations would take years to heal.In the aftermath of the war, China faced the dauntingtask of rebuilding its shattered economy and society. The Japanese government, confronted with the overwhelming evidence of war crimes committed by its forces, issued a formal apology and committed to making reparations to China. However, the legacy of the conflict continues to cast a shadow over relations between the two countries today.中文回答：抗日战争英文作文故事。
中国旅游景点名称的英译
突出其内在含义或相应典故与传说，便于游客 理解，记忆
从意义出发，不注意原作形式包括句法结构、 用词、比喻及其他修辞手段
兵马俑：Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses 十三陵：Ming Tombs 故宫：the Imperial Palace 颐和园：the Summer Palace 锦绣谷：the Valley of Splendor
(四)音译+意译
景点名称：专名——音译 通名——意译
如：茅盾故居(Mao Dun’s Former Residence)
杜甫草堂（Dufu’s Thatched Cottage）
• 太湖 Taihu Lake • 泰山 Taishan Mountain
• 洞庭湖 Dongting Lake • 雁荡山 Yandang Moutain
8.殿/堂: Hall
太和殿Hall of Supreme Harmony 乐寿堂Hall of Longevity in Happiness
9.寺:Temple.
云居寺Yunjv Temple
10.亭/阁:Pavilion.
寄澜亭Jilan Pavilion
11．一般的佛塔：Pagoda
如“五塔寺 Five-Pagoda Temple” 12．牌楼：Memorial Archway 13．高山： Mountain 如“太行山Taihang Mountain”或“Mt. Taihang”. 比较小的山、山丘： Hill, 如“万寿山 Longevity Hill”。 14．岛： Island 如“南湖岛South Lake Island”。 15．湖 Lake 如“昆明湖 Kunming Lake”。 16．桥 : Bridge, 如“玉带桥 Jade Belt Bridge”。 17．商店：shop，如“旅游纪念品商店Souvenir Shop”， “礼品店 Gift Shop”。
中国名胜英文翻译
北京Beijing天安门广场Tian’an Men Square故宫Former Imperial Palace天坛Temple of Heaven北海公园Beihai Park长城Great Wall颐和园Summer Palace十三陵Thirteen Ming Tombs雍和宫Yonghegong Lamasery北京动物园Beijing Zoo胡同Tour of Hutongs恭王府Prince Gong’s Mansion周口店北京猿人遗址Zhoukoudian-Home of Peking Man圆明园遗址Ruins of Yuanmingyuan卢沟桥Lugou Bridge香山公园Xiangshan Park碧云寺Biyun Temple潭柘寺Tanzhe Temple卧佛寺Wofo Temple戒台寺Jietai Temple法海寺Fahai Temple云居寺Yunju Temple白云寺Baiyun Temple西安Xi’an大雁塔Great Wild Goose Pagoda小雁塔Small Wild Goose Pagoda秦始皇兵马俑博物馆Museum of Emperor Qinshihuang’s Tomb Figures of Soldiers and Horses 秦始皇陵The Tomb of Emperor Qinshihuang黄帝陵The Huangdi Tomb鼓楼The Drum Tower钟楼The Bell Tower西安城墙The Xi’an Circumvallation华清池The Huaqing Pond乾陵The Qian Tomb法门寺The Famen Temple黄河壶口瀑布The Huanghe Hukou Waterfall敦煌Dunhuang莫高窟The Mogao Grottoes西千佛洞Xiqianfodong Caves白马塔The Baima Tower雷音寺Leiyin Temple榆林Yulin Grottoes in Anxi阳关Yangguan Pass玉门关Jade Gate Pass悬泉Xuanquan Remains鸣沙山和月牙泉The Mingsha Mountain and the Crescent Moon Spring新疆Xinjiang天池Tianchi Lake卡纳斯湖Kanas Lake吐鲁番Turpan丝绸之路Silk Road Tour巴音布鲁克草原Bayanbulak Grassland西藏Tibet拉萨Lhasa布达拉宫Potala Palace南京Nanjing中山陵Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum秦淮风光带Qinhuai River Scenic Belt灵谷寺Linggu Temple明城墙Ming Great Wall玄武湖Xuanwu Lake莫愁湖Mochou Lake苏州Suzhou拙政园Zhuozheng or the Humble Administrator's Garden 狮子林Shizilin留园Liuyuan or Lingering Garden沧浪亭Canglangting or the Surging Wave Pavilion网师园Wangshiyuan环秀山庄Huanxiushanzhuang Garden虎丘山the Tiger Hill枫桥Fengqiao Bridge盘门Panmen寒山寺Cold Mountain Temple角直Luzhi Town双桥Shuangqiao Bridges (Double Bridges)杭州Hangzhou断桥Broken Bridge西湖West Lake三潭映月Three Pools Mirroring the Moon岳飞祠Yue Fei Temple六和塔Six Harmonies Pagoda保俶塔Baoshu Pagoda花港观鱼Fish Wonder at Huagang Crook西泠印社Xiling Seal Club黄龙洞Yellow Dragon Cave灵隐寺Lingyin Temple or Temple of Soul's Retreat 飞来峰Carved Stone Statues on Peak Flown From Afar 千岛湖Thousand-Island Lake严子陵钓鱼台Yan Ziling's Fishing Platform天目山Tianmu Mountains富春江Fuchun River桂林Guilin七星岩Seven-star Park漓江Li River骆驼山Camel Hill花桥Flower Bridge九寨沟Nine-village Valley张家界Zhang Jiajie桂林山水Guilin Scenery with Hills and Waters十三陵The Ming Tombs秦始皇陵The Emperor Qin Shihuang's Tomb天安门广场Tian'anmen Square人民英雄纪念碑The Monument to the People's Heroes毛主席纪念堂Chairman Mao Memorial Hall人民大会堂The Great Hall of the People故宫The Forbidden City天坛The Temple of Heaven颐和园The Summer Palace长城The Great Wall北海公园Beihai Park故宫博物院the Palace Museum革命历史博物馆The Museum of Revolutionary History紫金山天文台: Purple and Gold Hills Observation黄果树瀑布Huangguoshu Falls龙门石窟Longmen Cave苏州园林Suzhou Gardens庐山Lushan Mountain天池Heaven Poll大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda华山Huashan Mountain峨眉山Emei Mountain西湖West Lake布达拉宫Potala Palace滇池Dianchi Lake杜甫草堂Du Fu Cottage都江堰Dujiang Dam鼓浪屿Gulangyu Islet岳阳楼Yueyang Tower黄鹤楼Yellow Crane Tower圆明园The Ruins of Yuanmingyuan安徽黄山Mount Huang of Anhui长江三峡the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River 台湾日月潭the Sun and Moon Lake of Taiwan 陕西秦始皇陵兵马俑Terra Cotta Warriors。
中国地名英文翻译
天目山 Tianmu Mountains 富春江 Fuchun River七星岩 Seven-star Park 漓江 Li River骆驼山 Camel Hill花桥 Flower Bridge黄帝陵 The Huangdi Tomb 鼓楼 The Drum Tower钟楼 The Bell Tower卢沟桥 Lugou Bridge碧云寺 Biyun Temple潭柘寺 Tanzhe Temple卧佛寺 Wofo Temple戒台寺 Jietai Temple法海寺 Fahai Temple云居寺 Yunju Temple白云寺 Baiyun Temple滇池 Dianchi Lake杜甫草堂 Du Fu Cottage 都江堰 Dujiang Dam鼓浪屿 Gulangyu Islet岳阳楼 Yueyang Tower黄山 Mount Huang庐山 Lushan Mountain天池 Heaven Poll华山 Huashan Mountain峨眉山 Emei Mountain布达拉宫 Potala Palace 灵谷寺 Linggu Temple明城墙 Ming Great Wall玄武湖 Xuanwu Lake 莫愁湖 Mochou Lake阳关 Yangguan Pass玉门关 Jade Gate Pass天池 Tianchi Lake卡纳斯湖 Kanas Lake虎丘山 the Tiger Hill枫桥 Fengqiao Bridge断桥 Broken Bridge西湖 West Lake华清池 The Huaqing Pond乾陵 The Qian Tomb法门寺 The Famen Temple九寨沟 Nine-village Valley故宫 The Forbidden City天坛 The Temple of Heaven颐和园 The Summer Palace长城 The Great Wall故宫博物院 the Palace Museum黄果树瀑布 Huangguoshu Falls龙门石窟 Longmen Cave苏州园林 Suzhou Gardens大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda黄鹤楼 Yellow Crane Tower圆明园 The Ruins of Yuanmingyuan秦始皇陵兵马俑 Terra Cotta Warriors天安门广场Tian’an Men Square故宫 Former Imperial Palace十三陵 Thirteen Ming Tombs雍和宫 Yonghegong Lamasery恭王府Prince Gong’s Mansion圆明园遗址 Ruins of Yuanmingyuan大雁塔 Great Wild Goose Pagoda小雁塔 Small Wild Goose Pagoda秦始皇陵 The Tomb of Emperor Qinshihuang西安城墙The Xi’an Circumvallation黄河壶口瀑布 The Huanghe Hukou Waterfall莫高窟 The Mogao Grottoes西千佛洞 Xiqianfodong Caves白马塔 The Baima Tower雷音寺 Leiyin Temple榆林 Yulin Grottoes in Anxi悬泉 Xuanquan Remains鸣沙山 The Mingsha Mountain月牙泉 the Crescent Moon Spring丝绸之路 Silk Road Tour花港观鱼 Fish Wonder at Huagang Crook巴音布鲁克草原 Bayanbulak Grassland布达拉宫 Potala Palace中山陵 Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum秦淮风光带 Qinhuai River Scenic Belt狮子林 Shizilin留园 Liuyuan or Lingering Garden网师园 Wangshiyuan环秀山庄 Huanxiushanzhuang Garden寒山寺 Cold Mountain Temple双桥 Shuangqiao Bridges (Double Bridges)三潭映月 Three Pools Mirroring the Moon岳飞祠 Yue Fei Temple六和塔 Six Harmonies Pagoda保俶塔 Baoshu Pagoda西泠印社 Xiling Seal Club 黄龙洞 Yellow Dragon Cave灵隐寺Lingyin Temple/Temple of Soul's Retreat飞来峰 Carved Stone Statues on Peak Flown From Afar千岛湖 Thousand-Island Lake严子陵钓鱼台 Yan Ziling's Fishing Platform桂林山水 Guilin Scenery with Hills and Waters人民英雄纪念碑 The Monument to the People's Heroes毛主席纪念堂 Chairman Mao Memorial Hall人民大会堂 The Great Hall of the People革命历史博物馆 The Museum of Revolutionary History紫金山天文台 Purple and Gold Hills Observation长江三峡 the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River台湾日月潭 the Sun and Moon Lake of Taiwan周口店北京猿人遗址 Zhoukoudian-Home of Peking Man秦始皇兵马俑博物馆Museum of Emperor Qinshihuang’s Tomb Figures of Soldiers and Horses 沧浪亭 Canglangting or the Surging Wave Pavilion拙政园 Zhuozheng or the Humble Administrator's Garden。
古今中外著名的桥
最后，我们来看一下桥的分类
按材质分：木质桥 石桥 砖桥 混凝土桥 钢筋混凝土 桥。 按外观分: 梁桥 拱桥 斜拉桥 悬索桥 高架桥 组合体 系桥 按用途分: 铁路桥、公路桥、管道桥、多用桥 (立交 桥属于公路桥) 按跨越对象分: 跨越河流的跨河桥 跨越山谷的跨谷 桥 跨越铁路或公路的跨线桥（又称立交桥） 跨越 城区、工业区或农作物区的高架桥（又称栈桥）
古今中外著名的桥梁
中国篇
卢沟桥
卢沟桥，亦称芦沟桥，在北京 市西南约15公里处，丰台区 永定河上。因横跨卢沟河(即 永定河)而得名，是北京市现 存最古老的石造联拱桥。桥身 结构坚固，造型美观，具有极 高的桥梁工程技术和艺术水平， 卢沟桥为十一孔联拱桥，拱洞 由两岸向桥中心逐渐增大，整 个桥身都是石体结构，关键部 位均有银锭铁榫连接，为华北 最长的古代石桥。在《马 可·波罗游记》中它被形容为 一座巨丽的石桥，后来外国人 都称它为“马可波罗桥”。 1937年7月7日，日本帝国主 义在此发动全面侵华战争。宛 平城的中国驻军奋起抵抗，史 称“卢沟桥事变”(亦称“七 七事变”)。中国抗日军队在 卢沟桥打响了全面抗战的第一 枪。
赵州桥
赵州桥又称安济桥（宋哲宗 赐名，意为“安渡济民”）， 坐落在河北省赵县洨河上。 建于隋朝大业年间（公元 605年－618年），由著名匠 师李春设计建造，距今已有 约1400年的历史，是当今世 界上现存最早、保存最完善 的古代敞肩石拱桥。赵州桥 凝聚了古代汉族劳动人民的 智慧与结晶，开创了中国桥 梁建造的崭新局面。 1961年被国务院列为第一批 全国重点文物保护单位。因 赵州桥是重点文物，通车易 造成损坏，所以不允许车辆 通行。
第二页
按桥身能否活动分: 固定桥 开启桥 浮桥
按桥梁总长度或跨度可分:大桥 中桥 小桥
小学百科知识中英文(精编)
百科知识（一）Encyclopedic knowledge (a)【四大名绣】苏绣〖苏州〗、湘绣〖湖南〗、蜀绣〖四川〗、广绣〖广东〗Four big embroidery embroidery 】[suzhou], [in hunan], shu embroidery [sichuan], GuangXiu [guangdong]【四大名扇】檀香扇〖江苏〗、火画扇〖广东〗、竹丝扇〖四川〗、绫绢扇〖浙江〗"The four most famous fan" sandalwood fan [jiangsu], fire painting [sichuan] [guangdong], bamboo fan, silk damask fan [zhejiang]【四大名花】牡丹〖山东菏泽〗、水仙〖福建漳州〗、菊花〖浙江杭州〗、山茶〖云南昆明〗Peony's four big famous flowers 】【[shandong heze], narcissus [fujian zhangzhou], [zhejiang hangzhou], camellia, chrysanthemum [yunnan kunming]【十大名茶】西湖龙井〖浙江杭州西湖区〗、碧螺春〖江苏吴县太湖的洞庭山碧螺峰〗、信阳毛尖〖河南信阳车云山〗、君山银针〖湖南岳阳君山〗、六安瓜片〖安徽六安和金寨两县的齐云山〗、黄山毛峰〖安徽歙县黄山〗、祁门红茶〖安徽祁门县〗、都匀毛尖〖贵州都匀县〗、铁观音〖福建安溪县〗、武夷岩茶〖福建崇安县〗West lake longjing top ten famous tea 】【[lake in hangzhou, zhejiang province], "biluochun" [in wuxian, jiangsu taihu lake dongting mountain BiLuo peak], xinyang maojian tea [henan xinyang CheYunShan], [hunan yueyang JunShan] JunShan needles, luan GuaPian [of two counties of anhui luan and Jin Zhai qiyun moutain], huangshan maofeng tea [rapidly in anhui and huangshan mountain], [anhui QiMenXian] qiinen black tea, DouYun maojian tea [DouYun county in guizhou] wuyi rock tea, tieguanyin [fujian anxi], [] of anxian county, fujian chung【扑克人物】"Poker characters"黑桃J：查尔斯一世的侍从，丹麦人霍克拉Spades J: Charles I's retinue, Danish hawk红桃J：查尔斯七世的宫廷随从拉海亚Red peach J: Charles vii's court after the sea梅花J：亚瑟王的著名骑士兰斯洛特PAM: famous arthurian knight Lancelot方块J：查尔斯一世的侍从罗兰Square J: Charles I's retinue Roland黑桃Q：帕拉斯o阿西纳，古希腊神话中智慧与战争女神O o spades Q: pallas, ancient Greek mythology goddess of wisdom and war红桃Q：朱尔斯，德国人，查尔斯一世的妻子Red peach Q: Jules, germans, Charles I's wife梅花Q：英国的兰开斯特王族的约克王后Plum Q: British Lancaster royal queen of york方块Q：是《圣经o旧约》中的约瑟夫的妹妹，莱克尔皇后Square Q: o the old testament of the bible is in Joseph's younger sister, recker queen黑桃K：戴维，公元前10世纪的以色列国王索洛蒙的父亲，擅长弹奏竖琴Spades K: David, the 10th century BC, king Solomon of Israel's father, is good at playing the harp红桃K：查尔斯一世，弗兰克国王沙勒曼The red peach K: Charles I, king of frank Salem梅花K：马其顿国的亚历山大大帝，最早go-vern-ment世界Plum K: Alexander the great of Macedonia, the earliest go Vern - ment of the world方块K：罗马名将和政治家朱亚斯o西泽，罗马统一后成为独裁统治者Square K: Roman name and politicians Zhu Yasi o Caesar, the Roman unification become autocratic rulers【年龄称谓】【title 】age襁褓：未满周岁的婴儿Baby: those under the age of the baby孩提：指2——3岁的儿童As a child: refers to children aged 2-3垂髫：指幼年儿童（又叫“总角”）Early childhood: refers to the young children (also called "accumulated Angle") 豆蔻：指女子十三岁Nutmeg: refers to women's thirteen years old及笄：指女子十五岁JiJi refers to women's fifteen加冠：指男子二十岁（又“弱冠”）Crowns: refers to the men twenty years old (or "coming of age at 20") 而立之年：指三十岁Focus: refers to the age of thirty不惑之年：指四十岁Appears: refers to 40知命之年：指五十岁（又“知天命”、“半百”）Years of things: refers to the age of fifty (" is ", "half")花甲之年：指六十岁Reach refers to 60 years old古稀之年：指七十岁Three score and ten: refers to the age of seventy耄耋之年：指八、九十岁期颐之年：一百岁, there's ninety - year - old age: refers to the eight years: the age of one hundred【科举职官】〖乡试〗：录取者称为"举人"，第一名称为"解元"、〖会试〗：录取者称为"贡生"，第一名称为"会元"、〖殿试〗：录取者称为"进士"，第一名称为"状元"，第二名为"榜眼"，第三名为"探花"【】the imperial official [after having obtained] : students referred to as a "juren", the first nameis "XieYuan", [to] : students called "gongsheng", the first name is "HuiYuan", [position] : students called "jinshi", first name for the "top", the second is called "second", the third is called "no."【四书】《论语》、《中庸》、《大学》、《孟子》"Four books" the analects of Confucius, "the doctrine of the mean", "university", "mencius"【五经】《诗经》、《尚书》、《礼记》、《易经》、《春秋》"Five classics", the book of songs "history", "rites", "I ching", the spring and autumn annals【八股文】破题、承题、起讲、入手、起股、中股、后股、束股【六子全书】《老子》、《庄子》、《列子》、《荀子》、《扬子法言》、《文中子中说》"Teachers" presentation, amplification ChengTi, up speak, starting, shares, stocks, posterior divisions, bunch of stocks [sixth encyclopedia] "Lao zi", "zhuang zi", "liezi", "xunzi", "the Yangtze law says", "the child said"【汉字六书】象形、指事、形声、会意、转注、假借Pictographic Chinese characters Chinese characters 】【, self-explanatory, echoism, knowing, conversion, under the guise of【书法九势】落笔、转笔、藏峰、藏头、护尾、疾势、掠笔、涩势、横鳞竖勒Put pen to paper and pencil, and calligraphy nine potential 】【hide peak, CangTou and shield tail, for potential, pen, acerbity potential, horizontal scale, vertical【竹林七贤】嵇康、刘伶、阮籍、山涛、阮咸、向秀、王戎【饮中八仙】李白、贺知章、李适之、李琎、崔宗之、苏晋、张旭、焦遂Ji kang, bamboo QiXian 】【LiuLing, ruan ji, shan tao, a plucked stringed instrument, to show, Wang Rong "drinks the eight immortals in the" li bai, He Zhizhang, Li Shizhi, lee Jin, Cui Zong,Su Jin, zhang xu, JiaoSui【蜀之八仙】容成公、李耳、董促舒、张道陵、严君平、李八百、范长生、尔朱先生Rc, shu of the eight immortals 】【Li Er, promoting the shu dong, that, YanJunPing, eight hundred, Fan Changsheng, li zhu【扬州八怪】郑板桥、汪士慎、李鱓、黄慎、金农、高翔、李方鹰、罗聘Yangzhou eight eccentrics Zheng Banqiao 】, Wang Shishen, lee 鱓, Huang Shen, Li Fangying, qing-era painting, "and in the open【北宋四大家】黄庭坚、欧阳修、苏轼、王安石"Northern song dynasty four everybody" huang tingjian, ouyang xiu, su shi, wang anshi【唐宋古文八大家】韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、王安石、曾巩Eight people 】【ancient prose in tang and song dynasty, ouyang xiu, sponsored by han yu and liu zongyuan Su Xun, su shi and su zhe and wang anshi, 曾巩【十三经】《易经》、《诗经》、《尚书》、《礼记》、《仪礼》、《公羊传》、《榖梁传》、《左传》、《孝经》、《论语》、《尔雅》、《孟子》【ShiSanJing 】"I ching", the "book of songs", "history", "rites" and "yili", "ram biography", "grain Liang Chuan", "zuo zhuan," xiao ", "the analects", "er ya", "mencius"【四大民间传说】《牛郎织女》、《孟姜女》、《梁山伯与祝英台》、《白蛇与许仙》【】the four most famous folk tales in "the gigolo knit", "meng jiangnu", "butterfly lovers", the white snake and xu xian【四大文化遗产】《明清档案》、《殷墟甲骨》、《居延汉简》、《敦煌经卷》【】four cultural heritage in the archives of Ming and qing dynasties, the Yin ruins oracle, "bamboo slips", "dunhuang books"【元代四大戏剧】关汉卿《窦娥冤》、王实甫《西厢记》、汤显祖《牡丹亭》、洪升《长生殿》【】four yuan dynasty drama works DouE case, wang shifu "western chamber", tang xianzu, the peony pavilion and hong sheng "palace"【晚清四大谴责小说】李宝嘉《官场现形记》、吴沃尧《二十年目睹之怪现状》、刘鹗《老残游记》、曾朴《孽海花》Four condemnation novels in late qing dynasty Li Baojia 】the officialdom in the sky, and wu WoYao twenty years saw the strange situation, LiuE LaoCan travel notes, Ceng Piao the resources to spend【莎士比亚四大悲剧】《汉姆莱特》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》、《奥赛罗》Shakespeare four great tragedies 】【ham Wright, king Lear, Macbeth, "Othello"【五彩】青、黄、赤、白、黑【color 】black, yellow, red, white and black【五音】宫、商、角、徵、羽[sound] palace, shang, horn, characteristics, plume【七宝】金、银、琉璃、珊瑚、砗磲、珍珠、玛瑙Gold, silver, lapis lazuli, qibao 】【coral, tridacna, pearls, agate【九宫】正宫、中吕宫、南吕宫、仙吕宫、黄钟宫、大面调、双调、商调、越调Lu in the palace, palace, south jiugong 】【lu palace, fairy palace, huang gong lu, bedding face, double adjustable, ShangDiao, YueDiao【七大艺术】绘画、音乐、雕塑、戏剧、文学、建筑、电影】【seven art, music, sculpture, painting, drama, literature, architecture, film【四大名瓷窑】河北的瓷州窑、浙江的龙泉窑、江西的景德镇窑、福建的德化窑"Four big famous kilns" Long Quanyao kiln porcelain states of hebei province and zhejiang province, jiangxi's jingdezhen kiln, fujian dehua kiln【四大名旦】梅兰芳、程砚秋、尚小云、荀慧生Mei lanfang, cheng yanqiu, shang xiaoyun, four MingDan 】【, xun【六礼】冠、婚、丧、祭、乡饮酒、相见Crown, marriage, funerals, six ceremony 】【offerings, township drinking, meet each other【六艺】礼、乐、射、御、书、数【LiuYi 】, music, archery, royal, book, number【六义】风、赋、比、兴、雅、颂"Six righteousness" wind, fu, bi, xing, elegant, and praise【八旗】镶黄、正黄、镶白、正白、镶红、正红、镶蓝、正蓝【十恶】谋反、谋大逆、谋叛、谋恶逆、不道、大不敬、不孝、不睦、不义、内乱"Eight banners" set is yellow, yellow, with white, is set with red, white, red, blue, is blue 【10 】evil rebellion, seeks the regicide, conspiracies, seeks the inverse, not word, irreverent, unfilial, discord and injustice, and civil strife【九流】儒家、道家、阴阳家、法家、名家、墨家、纵横家、杂家、农家【】nine flow, Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang family, famous artists, mohism, legalism, sage, and home farm【三山】安徽黄山、江西庐山、浙江雁荡山"Three mountain" huangshan mountain in anhui, jiangxi, zhejiang yandang mountain【五岭】越城岭、都庞岭、萌诸岭、骑田岭、大庾岭YueChengLing, DouPangLing, the five ridges 】【'ZhuLing, ride Tian Ling, big it【五岳】〖中岳〗河南嵩山、〖东岳〗山东泰山、〖西岳〗陕西华山、〖南岳〗湖南衡山、〖北岳〗山西恒山[its] [he] henan songshan, [dongyue] shandong taishan, [the west] shaanxi huashan, [le] hunan hengshan, [beiyue] mount heng in Shanxi Province【五湖】鄱阳湖〖江西〗、洞庭湖〖湖南〗、太湖〖江苏〗、洪泽湖〖江苏〗、巢湖〖安徽〗"Five lakes" [] in jiangxi poyang lake, dongting lake [in hunan], [jiangsu], [jiangsu] hongze lake taihu, chaohu [anhui]【四海】渤海、黄海、东海、南海【all 】the bohai sea, yellow sea, east China sea, the south China sea【四大名桥】广济桥、赵州桥、洛阳桥、卢沟桥"Four big famous bridge" wide and zhaozhou bridge, the bridge's LuoYangQiao, Marco Polo bridge【四大名园】颐和园〖北京〗、避暑山庄〖河北承德〗、拙政园〖江苏苏州〗、留园〖江苏苏州〗【】most famous four gardens [Beijing] the Summer Palace, the summer resort of chengde in hebei province], the humble administrator's garden of suzhou, jiangsu province], the lingering garden [jiangsu suzhou]【四大名刹】灵岩寺〖山东长清〗、国清寺〖浙江天台〗、玉泉寺〖湖北江陵〗、栖霞寺〖江苏南京〗"Four famous" LingYanSi [shandong pingyin], zhi xu claimed [zhejiang tiantai], yuquan temple [hubei jiangling], were [jiangsu nanjing]【四大名楼】岳阳楼〖湖南岳阳〗、黄鹤楼〖湖北武汉〗、滕王阁〖江西南昌〗、大观楼〖云南昆明〗"Four famous towers" yueyang of hunan yueyang], [hubei wuhan] the yellow crane tower, tengwang pavilion [nanchang of jiangxi province], DaGuanLou [yunnan kunming]【四大名亭】醉翁亭〖安徽滁县〗、陶然亭〖北京先农坛〗、爱晚亭〖湖南长沙〗、湖心亭〖杭州西湖〗"Four big famous pavilion" ZuiWengTing [chuhe county in anhui], TaoRanTing XianNongTan [Beijing], love late pavilion [in changsha, hunan province], lake [hangzhou west lake]【四大古镇】景德镇〖江西〗、佛山镇〖广东〗、汉口镇〖湖北〗、朱仙镇〖河南〗"Four big ancient town" jingdezhen of jiangxi] [guangdong], hankou town, foshan town [in hubei], immortals township [henan]【四大碑林】西安碑林〖陕西西安〗、孔庙碑林〖山东曲阜〗、地震碑林〖四川西昌〗、南门碑林〖台湾高雄〗Xi 'an forest of steles four forest of steles 】【[xi 'an in shaanxi province], Confucius temple, the forest of steles [shandong qufu] the forest of steles, earthquake [sichuan xichang], south gate the forest of steles [Taiwan kaohsiung]【四大名塔】嵩岳寺塔〖河南登封嵩岳寺〗、飞虹塔〖山西洪洞广胜寺〗、释迦塔〖山西应县佛宫寺〗、千寻塔〖云南大理崇圣寺〗"Four big famous tower" this temple tower [henan dengfeng this temple], the flying tower [shanxi hongtong guangsheng temple] [Buddha palace temple in shanxi so], Buddha tower, qianhe tower [yunnan Dali footprints temple]【四大石窟】莫高窟〖甘肃敦煌〗、云岗石窟〖山西大同〗、龙门石窟〖河南洛阳〗、麦积山石窟〖甘肃天水〗【】's four big grottoes the mogao grottoes of dunhuang, gansu province], [shanxi datong] yungang grottoes and longmen grottoes of luoyang, henan] [gansu tianshui], maijishan grottoes【四大书院】白鹿洞书院〖江西庐山〗、岳麓书院〖湖南长沙〗、嵩阳书院〖河南嵩山〗、应天书院〖河南商丘〗"Four academy" white deer cave academy [jiangxi lushan], yuelu academy of hunan changsha], song Yang college [henan songshan], should be college [henan shangqiu]【四大佛教名山】浙江普陀山〖观音菩萨〗、山西五台山〖文殊菩萨〗、四川峨眉山〖普贤菩萨〗、安徽九华山〖地藏王菩萨〗【】the four famous buddhist mountains of zhejiang mount putuo [guanyin bodhisattva], wutai mountain in shanxi [manjushri], [samantabhadra bodhisattva] mount emei in sichuan, anhui jiuhua [earth treasure bodhisattva]【四大道教名山】湖北武当山、江西龙虎山、安徽齐云山、四川青城山"The four famous mountains of Taoism" wudang mountain in hubei, jiangxi, qiyun moutain in anhui, sichuan qingcheng mountain, mount longhu【五行】金、木、水、火、土"Five lines of" gold, wood, water, fire and earth【八卦】乾〖天〗、坤〖地〗、震〖雷〗、巽〖风〗、坎〖水〗、离〖火〗、艮〖山〗、兑〖沼〗"Gossip" dried [day], he [to], [mine], xun [wind] and [water] from [the fire], gen [hill], the [bog]【三皇】伏羲、女娲、神农[three] fuxi, nuwa, shennong【五帝】太皞、炎帝、黄帝、少皞、颛顼"Five emperors" too 皞, yan emperor, huangdi, 皞, ZhuanXu less【三教】儒教、道教、佛教"Three religions" Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism【三清】元始天尊〖清微天玉清境〗、灵宝天尊〖禹余天上清境〗、道德天尊〖大赤天太清境〗Beginning sanqing 】【Buddha [micro day jade qing qing condition], spi Buddha [yu yu qingsky condition], moral Buddha [big red day too clear borders]【四御】昊天金阙无上至尊玉皇大帝、中天紫微北极大帝、勾陈上宫天后皇大帝、承天效法土皇地祗Heaven gold que supreme supreme science four royal 】【the jade emperor, zhongtian Chinese arctic emperor, tick on Chen huang emperor palace days, days according to soil emperor DeZhi【八仙】铁拐李、钟离权、张果老、吕洞宾、何仙姑、蓝采和、韩湘子、曹国舅"Eight immortals" turn iron, clock from power, the zhang guolao, li lu dongbin, He Xiangu, blueand, Han Xiangzi, cao guojiu【十八罗汉】布袋罗汉、长眉罗汉、芭蕉罗汉、沉思罗汉、伏虎罗汉、过江罗汉、欢喜罗汉、降龙罗汉、静坐罗汉、举钵罗汉、开心罗汉、看门罗汉、骑象罗汉、探手罗汉、托塔罗汉、挖耳罗汉、笑狮罗汉、坐鹿罗汉Ocean's 18 arhats 】【cloth, ocean's long eyebrow, ocean's banana, ocean's ocean's contemplation, ocean's fighter, river, ocean's joy, JiangLong lohan, ocean's meditation, for ocean's bowl, ocean's happy, ocean's guard and ride like lohan, ocean's agent hand, TuoDa lohan, ocean's ear, laughing lion ocean, by ocean's deer【十八层地狱】[第一层]泥犁地狱、[第二层]刀山地狱、[第三层]沸沙地狱、[第四层]沸屎地狱、[第五层]黑身地狱、[第六层]火车地狱、[第七层]镬汤地狱、[第八层]铁床地狱、[第九层]盖山地狱、[第十层]寒冰地狱、[第十一层]剥皮地狱、[第十二层]畜生地狱、[第十三层]刀兵地狱、[第十四层]铁磨地狱、[第十五层]寒冰地狱、[第十六层]铁册地狱、[第十七层]蛆虫地狱、[第十八层]烊铜地狱Eighteen layers of hell [] [] of the first layer of mud plough hell, hell, the [second] wheels/layer 3 boiling boiling shit hell hell, layer [4], [5] layer black body, layer [6] train hell, hell layer [7] woksoup hell, hell layer [8] iron bed, cover layer [9] mountain, layer [10] ice hell, hell layer [11] skinning, [2] 10 animal hell, hell bill layer [13], [14] layer iron grinding hell, hell layer [15] ice,iron layer [16] of the hell, hell layer [17] maggot, copper layer [18] Yang hell hell【五脏】心、肝、脾、肺、肾[five] heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney【六腑】胃、胆、三焦、膀胱、大肠、小肠"Fu", bravery, the sanjiao (triple energizer), bladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine【七情】喜、怒、哀、乐、爱、恶、欲"Seven emotions" happiness, anger, sorrow, joy, love, evil, desire【五常】仁、义、礼、智、信[the p5] benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, intelligence and faith【五伦】君臣、父子、兄弟、夫妇、朋友[each] this, father and son, brother, wife, friend【三姑】尼姑、道姑、卦姑Three gu 】【nun, Taoist, hexagrams gu【六婆】牙婆、媒婆、师婆、虔婆、药婆、稳婆Six shiva YaPo 】, matchmaker, shiva, sincere woman, shiva, midwife【九属】玄孙、曾孙、孙、子、身、父、祖父、曾祖父、高祖父[9 genera] great-great-grandson, the son, Samson, the son, and his body high, father, grandfather, great grandfather, grandfather【五谷】稻、黍、稷、麦、豆[corn] rice, millet, millet, wheat, beans【中国八大菜系】四川菜、湖南菜、山东菜、江苏菜、浙江菜、广东菜、福建菜、安徽菜"China's eight regional cuisines" sichuan cuisine, hunan cuisine, shandong cuisine, jiangsu cuisine, zhejiang cuisine, cantonese cuisine, fujian cuisine and anhui cuisine【五毒】石胆、丹砂、雄黄、矾石、慈石[ruling] lithocholic, cinnabar and realgar, alum stone, CiShi【配药七方】大方、小方、缓方、急方、奇方、偶方、复方And easy dispensing seven party 】【, party, party, party, odd, even, compound【中华人民共和国十大元帅】：朱德、彭德怀、贺龙、陈毅、刘伯承、罗荣桓、徐向前、聂荣臻、林彪、叶剑英。
同济大学桥梁概论-中国古桥鉴赏(英文版)
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Zhaozhou Bridge (In Hebei Province)
The Zhaozhou Bridge is the world's oldest open-spandrel stone segmental arch bridge.Credited to the design of a craftsman named Li Chun, the bridge was constructed in the years 595-605 during the Sui Dynasty (581–618). Located in the southern part of Hebei Province, it is the oldest standing bridge in China. Zhaozhou bridge was dedicated as an International Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1991.
pavilion on Shuanglong Bridge in Yunnan province
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Decoration of Chinese Ancient Bridges
stone tower on Luoyang Bridge
wood railings of corridor bridge in Zhuozheng Garden
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Luoyang Bridge(In Quanzhou, Fujian Province)
• 1,200 meters long and 5 meters wide with 46 piers(石墩）, 500 balustrade posts （栏柱）, 28 carved lions（石狮）. • Built from light grey granite（浅灰色花岗岩）, like a silver dragon lying above the water. • The method of reinforcing the foundation of the bridge is very unusual. Thousands of oysters (牡蛎) were bred around the footstones and piers so that their secretions would act as kind of cement.
特色英语词汇
1.元宵节：Lantern Festival2.刺绣：embroidery3.重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4.清明节：Tomb sweeping day5.剪纸：Paper Cutting6.书法：Calligraphy7.对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8.象形文字：Pictograms/PictographicCharacters9.人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10.四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11.战国：Warring States12.风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13.铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14.函授部：The Correspondence Department15.集体舞：Group Dance16.黄土高原：Loess Plateau17.红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18.中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19.结婚证：Marriage Certificate20.儒家文化：Confucian Culture21.附属学校：Affiliated school22.古装片：Costume Drama23.武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24.元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25.一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26.火锅：Hot Pot27.四人帮：Gang of Four28.《诗经》：The Book of Songs29.素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30.《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the GrandHistorian31.大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32.《西游记》：The Journey to the West33.除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the SpringFestival34.针灸：Acupuncture35.唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/The Tang Tri-colored pottery36.中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-characteredSocialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37.偏旁：radical38.孟子：Mencius39.亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic 40.大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sizedState-owned Enterprises41.火药：gunpowder42.农历：Lunar Calendar43.印/玺：Seal/Stamp44.物质精神文明建设：The Construction ofMaterial Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45.京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46.秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47.太极拳：Tai Chi48.独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49.天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50.小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51.红双喜：Double Happiness52.政治辅导员：Political Counselor/SchoolCounselor53.春卷：Spring Roll(s)54.莲藕：Lotus Root55.追星族：Star Struck56.故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57.相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58.下岗：Lay off/Laid off59.北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60.高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination ofHigher Education61.烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62.敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63.电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64.香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kongand Macao65.文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66.长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches ofYangtze River67.门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68.《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69.中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70.文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of theStudy" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone",适合练习听力的英文歌适合练习听力的英文歌1 沉默之声The Sound Of Silence2 爱的细语There's A Kind Of Hush3 阳光季节Seasons In The Sun4 唱首忧郁的歌Song Sung Blue5 在老橡树上系黄丝带Tie A Yellow Ribbon Round The Old Oak Tree6 雨的旋律Rhythm of The Rain7 七个寂寞的日子Seven Lonely Days8 超级迷你比基尼Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka-Dot Bikini9 波夫Puff10 柠檬树Lemon Tree11 花落何处Where Have All The Flowers Gone?12 顺其自然Let It Be13 昨日重现Yesterday Once More14 甜心Dear Heart15 太年轻Too Young16 低语的松树Whispering Pines17 世界末日The End Of The World18 我的家乡My Hometown19 大江东去The River Of No Return20 田纳西华尔兹Tennessee Waltz21 破晓Morning Has Broken22 恶水上的大桥Bridge Over Troubled Water23 让它是我Let It Be Me24 再见，吾爱Bye Bye, Love25 无法停止爱你I Can't Stop Loving You26 只有你Only You27 世事不可强求Que Sera, Sera28 雨点不断落在我头上Raindrops Keep Falling On My Head29 某处，吾爱Somewhere My Love30 在雨中哭泣Crying In The Rain31 跳舞吧，小女孩Dance On, Little Girl32 爱你在心口难开More Than I Can Say33 玫瑰，玫瑰我爱你Rose, Rose, I Love You34 清晨In The Morning35 往日情怀The Way We Were36 北上阿拉斯加North To Alaska37 老鹰之歌El Condor Pasa38 乡村路带我回家Take Me Home Country Roads39 邮差先生Please Mr. Postman40 黄河镇Yellow River41 放开我Release Me42 最后华尔兹The Last Waltz43 孤枕难眠I Don't Like To Sleep Alone 44 想象Imagine45 不再坠入情网I'll Never Fall In. Love Again46 轻歌销魂Killing Me Softly With His Song47 婚礼The Wedding48 雪鸟Snowbird49 黛咪Tammy50 情感Feelings51 假如If52 小白鸽Paloma Blanca53 今日Today54 无须说爱我You Don't Have To Say You Love Me55 奔放的旋律Unchained Melody56 与我吻别Kiss Me Goodbye57 只有寻梦去All I Have To Do Is Dream58 小白花Edelweiss59 将头*在我肩上Put Your Head On My Shoulder60 黄鸟儿Yellow Bird61 全为了一个女孩的爱All For The Love Of A Girl62 轻声细诉，爱人Speak Softly, Love63 交换舞伴Changing Partners64 我参加你的婚礼I Went To Your Wedding65 给约翰的一封信A Dear John Letter66 月亮河Moon River67 黛安娜Diana68 哦，卡罗Oh! Carol69 试着回忆Try To Remember70 什锦烩饭Jambalaya71 时机不再72 唯有孤寂Only The Lonely73 我明白I Understand74 全心全意爱我Love Me With All Of Your Heart75 深夜陌生人Strangers In The Night76 离家五百里Five Hundred Miles77 昨日Yesterday78 走在雨中Just Walking In The Rain79 阳光在我肩上Sunshine On My Shoulders80 我希望你要我I'd Love You To Want Me81 你欺骗的心Your Cheating Heart82 麻萨诸塞州Massachusetts83 丹尼男孩Danny Boy84 今晚你寂寞吗Are You Lonesome Tonight85 随风飘荡Blowing In The Wind86 敲三下Knock Three Times87 不再No More88 热爱着你Devoted To You89 旧金山San Francisco90 棉花田Cotton Field91 亲爱的Sugar, Sugar92 世界之顶Top Of The World93 你照亮我的生命You Light Up My Life94 玫瑰花园Rose Garden95 如果你爱我If You Love Me96 史东妮Stoney97 我不知如何爱他I Don't Know How To Love Him98 温柔地爱我Love Me Tender【三教】儒教、道教、佛教【九流】儒家、道家、阴阳家、法家、名家、墨家、纵横家、杂家、农家【三皇】伏羲、女娲、神农【五帝】太皞、炎帝、黄帝、少皞、颛顼【三山】安徽黄山、江西庐山、浙江雁荡山【五岳】〖中岳〗河南嵩山、〖东岳〗山东泰山、〖西岳〗陕西华山、〖南岳〗湖南衡山、〖北岳〗山西恒山【五湖】鄱阳湖〖江西〗、洞庭湖〖湖南〗、太湖〖江苏〗、洪泽湖〖江苏〗、巢湖〖安徽〗【四海】渤海、黄海、东海、南海【三清】元始天尊〖清微天玉清境〗、灵宝天尊〖禹余天上清境〗、道德天尊〖大赤天太清境〗【四御】昊天金阙无上至尊玉皇大帝、中天紫微北极大帝、勾陈上宫天后皇大帝、承天效法土皇地祗【四大佛教名山】浙江普陀山〖观音菩萨〗、山西五台山〖文殊菩萨〗、四川峨眉山〖普贤菩萨〗、安徽九华山〖地藏王菩萨〗【四大道教名山】湖北武当山、江西龙虎山、安徽齐云山、四川青城山【五行】金、木、水、火、土【八卦】乾〖天〗、坤〖地〗、震〖雷〗、巽〖风〗、坎〖水〗、离〖火〗、艮〖山〗、兑〖沼〗【十八罗汉】布袋罗汉、长眉罗汉、芭蕉罗汉、沉思罗汉、伏虎罗汉、过江罗汉、欢喜罗汉、降龙罗汉、静坐罗汉、举钵罗汉、开心罗汉、看门罗汉、骑象罗汉、探手罗汉、托塔罗汉、挖耳罗汉、笑狮罗汉、坐鹿罗汉【十八层地狱】[第一层]泥犁地狱、[第二层]刀山地狱、[第三层]沸沙地狱、[第四层]沸屎地狱、[第五层]黑身地狱、[第六层]火车地狱、[第七层]镬汤地狱、[第八层]铁床地狱、[第九层]盖山地狱、[第十层]寒冰地狱、[第十一层]剥皮地狱、[第十二层]畜生地狱、[第十三层]刀兵地狱、[第十四层]铁磨地狱、[第十五层]寒冰地狱、[第十六层]铁册地狱、[第十七层]蛆虫地狱、[第十八层]烊铜地狱【五脏】心、肝、脾、肺、肾【六腑】胃、胆、三焦、膀胱、大肠、小肠【四书】《论语》、《中庸》、《大学》、《孟子》【五经】《诗经》、《尚书》、《礼记》、《易经》、《春秋》【八股文】破题、承题、起讲、入手、起股、中股、后股、束股【六子全书】《老子》、《庄子》、《列子》、《荀子》、《扬子法言》、《文中子中说》【汉字六书】象形、指事、形声、会意、转注、假借【书法九势】落笔、转笔、藏峰、藏头、护尾、疾势、掠笔、涩势、横鳞竖勒【竹林七贤】嵇康、刘伶、阮籍、山涛、阮咸、向秀、王戎【饮中八仙】李白、贺知章、李适之、李琎、崔宗之、苏晋、张旭、焦遂【蜀之八仙】容成公、李耳、董促舒、张道陵、严君平、李八百、范长生、尔朱先生【扬州八怪】郑板桥、汪士慎、李鱓、黄慎、金农、高翔、李方鹰、罗聘【北宋四大家】黄庭坚、欧阳修、苏轼、王安石【唐宋古文八大家】韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、王安石、曾巩【十三经】《易经》、《诗经》、《尚书》、《礼记》、《仪礼》、《公羊传》、《榖梁传》、《左传》、《孝经》、《论语》、《尔雅》、《孟子》【四大民间传说】《牛郎织女》、《孟姜女》、《梁山伯与祝英台》、《白蛇与许仙》【四大文化遗产】《明清档案》、《殷墟甲骨》、《居延汉简》、《敦煌经卷》【元代四大戏剧】关汉卿《窦娥冤》、王实甫《西厢记》、汤显祖《牡丹亭》、洪升《长生殿》【晚清四大谴责小说】李宝嘉《官场现形记》、吴沃尧《二十年目睹之怪现状》、刘鹗《老残游记》、曾朴《孽海花》【六礼】冠、婚、丧、祭、乡饮酒、相见【六艺】礼、乐、射、御、书、数【六义】风、赋、比、兴、雅、颂【十恶】谋反、谋大逆、谋叛、谋恶逆、不道、大不敬、不孝、不睦、不义、内乱【五彩】青、黄、赤、白、黑【五音】宫、商、角、徵、羽【七宝】金、银、琉璃、珊瑚、砗磲、珍珠、玛瑙【九宫】正宫、中吕宫、南吕宫、仙吕宫、黄钟宫、大面调、双调、商调、越调【七大艺术】绘画、音乐、雕塑、戏剧、文学、建筑、电影【四大名瓷窑】河北的瓷州窑、浙江的龙泉窑、江西的景德镇窑、福建的德化窑【四大名旦】梅兰芳、程砚秋、尚小云、荀慧生【八旗】镶黄、正黄、镶白、正白、镶红、正红、镶蓝、正蓝【八仙】铁拐李、钟离权、张果老、吕洞宾、何仙姑、蓝采和、韩湘子、曹国舅【七情】喜、怒、哀、乐、爱、恶、欲【五常】仁、义、礼、智、信【五伦】君臣、父子、兄弟、夫妇、朋友【三姑】尼姑、道姑、卦姑【六婆】牙婆、媒婆、师婆、虔婆、药婆、稳婆【九属】玄孙、曾孙、孙、子、身、父、祖父、曾祖父、高祖父【五谷】稻、黍、稷、麦、豆【中国八大菜系】四川菜、湖南菜、山东菜、江苏菜、浙江菜、广东菜、福建菜、安徽菜【配药七方】大方、小方、缓方、急方、奇方、偶方、复方【五岭】越城岭、都庞岭、萌诸岭、骑田岭、大庾岭【四大名桥】广济桥、赵州桥、洛阳桥、卢沟桥【四大名园】颐和园〖北京〗、避暑山庄〖河北承德〗、拙政园〖江苏苏州〗、留园〖江苏苏州〗【四大名刹】灵岩寺〖山东长清〗、国清寺〖浙江天台〗、玉泉寺〖湖北江陵〗、栖霞寺〖江苏南京〗【四大名楼】岳阳楼〖湖南岳阳〗、黄鹤楼〖湖北武汉〗、滕王阁〖江西南昌〗、大观楼〖云南昆明〗【四大名亭】醉翁亭〖安徽滁县〗、陶然亭〖北京先农坛〗、爱晚亭〖湖南长沙〗、湖心亭〖杭州西湖〗【四大古镇】景德镇〖江西〗、佛山镇〖广东〗、汉口镇〖湖北〗、朱仙镇〖河南〗【四大碑林】西安碑林〖陕西西安〗、孔庙碑林〖山东曲阜〗、地震碑林〖四川西昌〗、南门碑林〖台湾高雄〗【四大名塔】嵩岳寺塔〖河南登封嵩岳寺〗、飞虹塔〖山西洪洞广胜寺〗、释迦塔〖山西应县佛宫寺〗、千寻塔〖云南大理崇圣寺〗【四大石窟】莫高窟〖甘肃敦煌〗、云岗石窟〖山西大同〗、龙门石窟〖河南洛阳〗、麦积山石窟〖甘肃天水〗【四大书院】白鹿洞书院〖江西庐山〗、岳麓书院〖湖南长沙〗、嵩阳书院〖河南嵩山〗、应天书院〖河南商丘〗【四大名绣】苏绣〖苏州〗、湘绣〖湖南〗、蜀绣〖四川〗、广绣〖广东〗【四大名扇】檀香扇〖江苏〗、火画扇〖广东〗、竹丝扇〖四川〗、绫绢扇〖浙江〗【四大名花】牡丹〖山东菏泽〗、水仙〖福建漳州〗、菊花〖浙江杭州〗、山茶〖云南昆明〗【十大名茶】西湖龙井〖浙江杭州西湖区〗、碧螺春〖江苏吴县太湖的洞庭山碧螺峰〗、信阳毛尖〖河南信阳车云山〗、君山银针〖湖南岳阳君山〗、六安瓜片〖安徽六安和金寨两县的齐云山〗、黄山毛峰〖安徽歙县黄山〗、祁门红茶〖安徽祁门县〗、都匀毛尖〖贵州都匀县〗、铁观音〖福建安溪县〗、武夷岩茶〖福建崇安县〗【十二生肖】〖中国〗子鼠、丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、戌狗、亥猪〖埃及〗牝牛、山羊、狮子、驴、蟹、蛇犬、猫、鳄、红鹤、猿、鹰〖法国〗摩羯、宝瓶、双鱼、白羊、金牛、双子、巨蟹、狮子、室女、天秤、天蝎、人马〖印度〗招杜罗神的鼠、毗羯罗神的牛、宫毗罗神的狮、伐折罗神的兔、迷立罗神的龙、安底罗神的蛇、安弥罗神的马、珊底罗神的羊、因达罗神的猴、波夷罗神的金翅鸟、摩虎罗神的狗、和真达罗神的猪，【年龄称谓】襁褓：未满周岁的婴儿孩提：指2——3岁的儿童垂髫：指幼年儿童（又叫“总角”）豆蔻：指女子十三岁及笄：指女子十五岁加冠：指男子二十岁（又“弱冠”）而立之年：指三十岁不惑之年：指四十岁知命之年：指五十岁（又“知天命”、“半百”）花甲之年：指六十岁古稀之年：指七十岁耄耋之年：指八、九十岁期颐之年：一百岁【古代主要节日】元日：正月初一，一年开始。
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*中外名胜*
The Lugou Bridge, One of the Best-known Arched Bridges in China
卢沟桥——中国著名拱桥
1937年7月7日，日本帝国主义者发动全面侵华战争的第一枪在卢沟桥畔打响，这就是震惊中外的“七·七事变”。
从此，在中华大地上抗日战争全面爆发。
往事岂能如烟，卢沟桥已成为历史的见证。
The Lugou Bridge, also known as the Marco Polo Bridge, was built in 1189 on the southwestern outskirts of Beijing.
Considered to be one of the best-known arched bridges in China, the bridge is 266.5 metres
long, 7.5 metres wide and it has 11 arches and 140 stone
columns. “It is indeed the most wonderful and unique
bridge in the world,” wrote the Italian traveler Marco Polo
in his book Travels of Marco Polo. So the Lugou Bridge is
one of the city’s famous historic sites.
Besides the outstanding architecture, what interests
people most about the Lugou Bridge is the stone lions
carved on the columns. The lions are extremely lifelike.
Each column is topped with a big lion surrounded by many
smaller ones, and the smallest is only a few centimeters
high. Some of them stand on the heads or backs of the
bigger ones, some lie under their feet or in their embrace,
and others show only half a head, only a mouth. Vivid and lively, they are depicted in different postures—sitting, lying, standing and crouching.
As the natives of Beijing put it, the stone lions on the Lugou Bridge are too many to be counted. The stories about them are also most interesting. One says that one of the lions is always swimming so that it is impossible to count the lions exactly because some are hidden and can’t be seen, and that if an exact count were really made all the lions would run away.
True, nobody could have kept count of them. It was not until 1961 that the cultural offices discovered their exact number as altogether four hundred and eighty-five.
Questions:
1. The most interesting thing about the bridge is ______
A. that it’s 266.5 metres long with 11 arches and 140 stone columns.
B. its stone lions carved on the columns.
C. that Marco Polo once visited it.
D. that one of the stone lions is always swimming.
2. During the hundreds of years before 1961, ______
A. no one tried to tell the exact number of the stone lions.
B. few people could tell the exact number of the stone lions.
C. people knew the exact number of the stone lions there.
D. the bridge was not repaired.
（山东省潍坊第七中学刘永科）。