英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)
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英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)
Hypertension
高血压病
What Is Hypertension?
➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).
Pregnancy
慢性肾疾病
Secondary Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism ([haɪpəpærə'θaɪrɔɪdɪzəm])
避孕丸、节食丸、感 冒药、偏头痛药
birth control pills, diet pills,
cold medications, Migraine([ˈmaɪˌgreɪn])
• Exercise
• Medications:
Diuretics([ˌdaɪju‘retɪk]) (利尿药) Beta-blockers(β-阻断剂)
ACE Inhibitors([ɪn’hɪbɪtə(r)]) (血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂)
ARBs (肾上腺素能受体结合剂)
Calcium Channel Blockers(钙通道阻滞剂)
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
高血压病
What Is Hypertension?
➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).
Pregnancy
慢性肾疾病
Secondary Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism ([haɪpəpærə'θaɪrɔɪdɪzəm])
避孕丸、节食丸、感 冒药、偏头痛药
birth control pills, diet pills,
cold medications, Migraine([ˈmaɪˌgreɪn])
• Exercise
• Medications:
Diuretics([ˌdaɪju‘retɪk]) (利尿药) Beta-blockers(β-阻断剂)
ACE Inhibitors([ɪn’hɪbɪtə(r)]) (血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂)
ARBs (肾上腺素能受体结合剂)
Calcium Channel Blockers(钙通道阻滞剂)
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
【高血压精品英文课件】高血压 Hypertension_
Pathophysiology
Hypertensive Emergency
Failure of normal autoregulatory function Leads to a sharp increase in systemic
vascular resistance Endovascular injury with arteriole necrosis Ischemia, platelet deposition and release of
Epidemiology
Hypertensive Emergency
Estimates are that about 1% of those with hypertension will present with hypertensive emergency each year
That is >500,000 Americans per year Correct and quick diagnosis and
Risk Factors
If >50, systolic BP > 140 is a more concerning risk factor for cardiovascular disease than diastolic BP.
The risk of cardiovascular disease doubles for every increase in BP of 20/10 over 115/75.
140-159/90-99
Stage II HTN
>160/>100
(Severe HTN
>180/>110)
Severe HTN is not a JNC VII defined entityDefinitions
英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)PPT课件
Who is at risk?
➢Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:
• Are overweight • Eat foods high in salt • Do not get regular exercise • Smoke • Drink alcohol heavily • Under Stress,anger,frightened or
Diagnosis
systolic blood
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Classification Of Hypertension
➢Hypertension
Essential Secondary Hypertension Hypertensio ①pr原im发ar性y o高r e血s压sennt继ial发性高血 hype（rte高n血sio压n:病h）igh blood压 pressu➢9rPer0im–war9yito5hr %Esnseontiaol bHyvpei5orte–un1ssio0n % underlying(潜在的,根本的) meBdeicnailgcnause. Malignant ②HSyepceorntednasriyoHn ypHeyrpteenrtseionnsi:on
高血压专业名词
高血压专业名词
高血压（Hypertension）：指血液在血管中流动时对血管壁产生的压力持续高于正常水平。
这通常是由心脏泵血能力增强或血管收缩导致的。
收缩压（Systolic Pressure）：心脏收缩时血液对动脉壁产生的最大压力。
它是血压读数中的第一个数字。
舒张压（Diastolic Pressure）：心脏舒张时血液对动脉壁产生的最低压力。
它是血压读数中的第二个数字。
脉压（Pulse Pressure）：收缩压与舒张压之间的差值，反映了动脉弹性的状况。
良性高血压（Benign Hypertension）：通常与不良生活习惯有关，如高盐饮食、缺乏运动等，通过调整生活方式和药物治疗通常可以控制。
恶性高血压（Malignant Hypertension）：一种罕见且严重的高血压形式，可能导致严重的器官损害，如肾衰竭或中风。
白大衣高血压（White Coat Hypertension）：指仅在医生诊所测量血压时升高，而在其他场合血压正常的情况。
隐匿性高血压（Masked Hypertension）：指诊室血压正常，但家庭自测血压或动态血压监测升高的情况。
继发性高血压（Secondary Hypertension）：由其他疾病或因素引起的高血压，如肾脏疾病、内分泌疾病等。
原发性高血压（Primary Hypertension）：没有明确原因的高血压，通常与遗传、生活方式等因素有关。
了解这些专业名词有助于更好地认识高血压，从而进行有效的预防和治疗。
如有疑虑或症状，请及时就医并遵循医生的建议。
hypertension高血压全英语版-共40页
Classification Of Hypertension
ØPrimary or Essential Hypertension 原发性高血压 high blood pressure with no obvious underlying（潜
在的，根本的） medical cause.
90-95% ØSecondary Hypertension 继发性高血压
Cause and Pathogenesis
Cause and Pathogenesis
Cause and Pathogenesis
---Inherited genetic factors
➢ About half of patients have family history of hypertension, they were born to have higher risk to suffer hypertension.
Signs And Symptoms
✓ Most of the time, there are no symptoms.
✓ About one out of every 100 (1%) people with hypertension is diagnosed with severe high blood pressure (accelerated or malignant hypertension) at their first visit to the doctor.
Diagnosis of Hypertension
systolic blood pressure≤120 diastolic blood pressure ≤ 80
Both of them
【高血压精品英文课件】高血压 Hypertension
Definitions
Hypertensive Emergency
Acute, rapidly evolving end-organ damage associated with HTN (usu. DBP > 120)
BP should be controlled within hours and requires admission to a critical care setting
Take a good history
History of HTN and previous control Medications with dosage and compliance Illicit drug use, OTC drugs
Diagnosis and Recognition
Physical
Confirm BP in more than one extremity Ensure appropriate cuff size Pulses in all extremities Lung exam—look for pulmonary edema Cardiac—murmurs or gallops, angina, EKG Renal—renal artery bruit, hematuria Neurologic—focal deficits, HA, altered MS Fundoscopic exam—retinopathy, hemorrhage
That is >500,000 Americans per year Correct and quick diagnosis and
management is critical
Mortality rate of up to 90%
【高血压精品英文课件】Hypertension
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Investigation of the New Hypertensive
• History and examination • Exclude secondary Hypertension • Urea and electrolytes • FBP and ESR • ECG • Lipid profile
disease. • Mild – moderate renal dysfunction. • Sudden onset pulmonary oedema.
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Ladder Approach
• Bendrofluazide • Bendrofluazide + Atenolol or ACE • Calcium Channel blocker • Alpha blocker
• Phaeochomocytoma • Cusings syndrome • Conn’s syndrome • Acromegaly and hypothyroidism
– Coarctation of the aorta – Iatrogenic
• Hormonal / oral contraceptive • NSAIDs
• Chest x-ray no longer routinely indicated
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Clinical clues to renal vascular disease
• Hypertension under 50 Yrs of age. • Generalised vascular (esp peripheral)
Investigation of the New Hypertensive
• History and examination • Exclude secondary Hypertension • Urea and electrolytes • FBP and ESR • ECG • Lipid profile
disease. • Mild – moderate renal dysfunction. • Sudden onset pulmonary oedema.
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Ladder Approach
• Bendrofluazide • Bendrofluazide + Atenolol or ACE • Calcium Channel blocker • Alpha blocker
• Phaeochomocytoma • Cusings syndrome • Conn’s syndrome • Acromegaly and hypothyroidism
– Coarctation of the aorta – Iatrogenic
• Hormonal / oral contraceptive • NSAIDs
• Chest x-ray no longer routinely indicated
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Clinical clues to renal vascular disease
• Hypertension under 50 Yrs of age. • Generalised vascular (esp peripheral)
内科学英文课件：Hypertention
Classification of Hypertension
➢Hypertension
Essential Hypertension 原发性高血 压（高血压病）90–95%
Secondary Hypertension继发性
高血压
5–10%
①primary or essential hypertension: high blood pressure with no obvious underlying(潜在的,根本的) medical crtension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物).
➢Primary or Essential Hypertension
Benign Hypertension (Chronic Hypertension) 良性/ 缓进性高血压
Hypertention
What Is Hypertension?
Definition:(1)Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure or arterial hypertension, is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated.
Epidemiology
In the US: • 70% of the hypertensives are aware that
they have hypertension • 59% are being treated • Only 34% have adequately controlled BP
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granular surface of the kidney. (肾表面出现清晰可辨的颗粒物)
Arteriolar([ɑ:ˌtiəriˈəulə],小动脉的)
nephrosclerosis([ˌnefrəˌskliəˈrəusis]) （细动脉性肾硬化）：Severe arteriolar nephrosclerosis(严重细动 脉性肾硬化). Nodular([ˈnɔdjulə])(结 节性)
Hypertension
高血压病
What Is Hypertension?
➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).
Thank you!
hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage（高血压病脑出血）： Internal capsule(内囊) or Basal
ganglia([ˈbeisəl] [ˈɡæŋɡliə],基底神经 节) instead of blood clots(被血凝块 代替).
Hypertensive retinopathy([retiˈnɔpəθi],视网膜病变)
Medications.
renal artery stenosis
甲状旁腺功能亢进症
([stɪ'nəʊsɪs])
肾动脉狭窄
Causes Of Hypertension
➢ Genes（遗传因素） ➢ Diet（膳食因素） ➢ Social And Mental
Condition（社会心理应 激因素）
Treatment
• The DASH Diet --
Dietary Approaches(饮 食疗法) to Stop Hypertension -- involves eating more fruits, vegetables, whole-grain foods(全谷类食物), lowfat dairy(低脂奶), fish, poultry(禽肉), and nuts(坚果). You should eat less red meat(红肉), saturated fats(饱和脂肪), and sweets(甜食).
（高血压性视网膜病变）
Complications(并发症)
➢ When blood pressure is not well controlled, you are at risk for:
• Bleeding from the aorta([eɪˈɔ:tə], 主动脉出血), the large blood vessel that supplies blood to the abdomen([æbˈdəʊmən]), pelvis([ˈpelvɪs]), and legs(给腹 部、骨盆和腿部供血的大血管)
sad in a long time
Hypertension Symptoms
High blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀 伤者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没 有外在症状长达数年).
Pregnancy
慢性肾疾病
Secondary Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism ([haɪpəpærə'θaɪrɔɪdɪzəm])
避孕丸、节食丸、感 冒药、偏头痛药
birth control pills, diet pills,
cold medications, Migraine([ˈmaɪˌgreɪn])
• Complementary Therapies（[ˈθerəpi]补 充医学疗法）:Yoga（瑜
伽）, tai chi（太极）, and deep breathing（深呼吸） also help.
Prevention
➢ Adults over 18 should have their blood pressure checked regularly. ➢ Lifestyle changes may help control your blood pressure. • Exercise often. • Eat foods low in salt. • Lose weight or keep weight at a healthy level. • Do not smoke. • Limit alcohol.
Pathological Changes(病变)
Left ventricle in hypertensive heart disease. 左心室壁明显增厚
Primary granular([ˈgrænjələ],颗粒 状的) atrophy([ˈætrəfi:],萎缩) of the kidney（原发性颗粒性固缩 肾）：with clearly recognizable
• Chronic kidney disease(慢性肾 疾病)
• Heart attack and heart failure(心脏病和心力衰竭)
• Poor blood supply to the legs(下肢供血不足)
• Stroke(中风/脑卒中)
• Problems with your vision(视觉 障碍)
a. Stress（压力） b. Anger（愤怒） c. Frightened（惊吓）
➢ Others（其它因素）
a. Obesity（[əʊˈbi:sɪti:]肥胖症） b. Smoke（吸烟） c. Older Age（老龄） d. Inactivity（缺乏锻炼） e. Race（种族）
Who is at risk?
but below 140/90
It is called
Pre-hypertension 高血压前期
Danger systolic blood pressure≥140 Zone diastolic blood pressure ≥90
Lead to
Hypertension
Either of them
In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood vessels, brain, and kidneys if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏 病).
(Chronic Hypertension) 良性/缓进性高血压
Malignant Hypertension
(Accelerated Hypertension) 恶性/急进性高血压
肾上腺功能紊乱
Disorders of the adrenal gland
孕妇
Chronic kidney diseaseຫໍສະໝຸດ Who is at risk?
➢ Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:
• Are overweight • Eat foods high in salt • Do not get regular exercise • Smoke • Drink alcohol heavily • Under Stress,anger,frightened or
② Secondary Hypertension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物).
➢Primary or Essential Hypertension
Benign Hypertension
高血压
Classification Of Hypertension
➢Hypertension
Essential Hypertension Secondary Hypertension
原发性高血压（高血压病）
继发性高血压
90–95%
5–10%
①primary or essential hypertension: high blood pressure with no obvious underlying(潜在的,根本的) medical cause.
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
Diagnosis
systolic blood pressure≤120 diastolic blood pressure ≤ 80
Both of them
Normal blood pressure 正常血压范围
A warning If your BP are 120/80 or higher
sign
• Exercise
• Medications:
Arteriolar([ɑ:ˌtiəriˈəulə],小动脉的)
nephrosclerosis([ˌnefrəˌskliəˈrəusis]) （细动脉性肾硬化）：Severe arteriolar nephrosclerosis(严重细动 脉性肾硬化). Nodular([ˈnɔdjulə])(结 节性)
Hypertension
高血压病
What Is Hypertension?
➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).
Thank you!
hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage（高血压病脑出血）： Internal capsule(内囊) or Basal
ganglia([ˈbeisəl] [ˈɡæŋɡliə],基底神经 节) instead of blood clots(被血凝块 代替).
Hypertensive retinopathy([retiˈnɔpəθi],视网膜病变)
Medications.
renal artery stenosis
甲状旁腺功能亢进症
([stɪ'nəʊsɪs])
肾动脉狭窄
Causes Of Hypertension
➢ Genes（遗传因素） ➢ Diet（膳食因素） ➢ Social And Mental
Condition（社会心理应 激因素）
Treatment
• The DASH Diet --
Dietary Approaches(饮 食疗法) to Stop Hypertension -- involves eating more fruits, vegetables, whole-grain foods(全谷类食物), lowfat dairy(低脂奶), fish, poultry(禽肉), and nuts(坚果). You should eat less red meat(红肉), saturated fats(饱和脂肪), and sweets(甜食).
（高血压性视网膜病变）
Complications(并发症)
➢ When blood pressure is not well controlled, you are at risk for:
• Bleeding from the aorta([eɪˈɔ:tə], 主动脉出血), the large blood vessel that supplies blood to the abdomen([æbˈdəʊmən]), pelvis([ˈpelvɪs]), and legs(给腹 部、骨盆和腿部供血的大血管)
sad in a long time
Hypertension Symptoms
High blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀 伤者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没 有外在症状长达数年).
Pregnancy
慢性肾疾病
Secondary Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism ([haɪpəpærə'θaɪrɔɪdɪzəm])
避孕丸、节食丸、感 冒药、偏头痛药
birth control pills, diet pills,
cold medications, Migraine([ˈmaɪˌgreɪn])
• Complementary Therapies（[ˈθerəpi]补 充医学疗法）:Yoga（瑜
伽）, tai chi（太极）, and deep breathing（深呼吸） also help.
Prevention
➢ Adults over 18 should have their blood pressure checked regularly. ➢ Lifestyle changes may help control your blood pressure. • Exercise often. • Eat foods low in salt. • Lose weight or keep weight at a healthy level. • Do not smoke. • Limit alcohol.
Pathological Changes(病变)
Left ventricle in hypertensive heart disease. 左心室壁明显增厚
Primary granular([ˈgrænjələ],颗粒 状的) atrophy([ˈætrəfi:],萎缩) of the kidney（原发性颗粒性固缩 肾）：with clearly recognizable
• Chronic kidney disease(慢性肾 疾病)
• Heart attack and heart failure(心脏病和心力衰竭)
• Poor blood supply to the legs(下肢供血不足)
• Stroke(中风/脑卒中)
• Problems with your vision(视觉 障碍)
a. Stress（压力） b. Anger（愤怒） c. Frightened（惊吓）
➢ Others（其它因素）
a. Obesity（[əʊˈbi:sɪti:]肥胖症） b. Smoke（吸烟） c. Older Age（老龄） d. Inactivity（缺乏锻炼） e. Race（种族）
Who is at risk?
but below 140/90
It is called
Pre-hypertension 高血压前期
Danger systolic blood pressure≥140 Zone diastolic blood pressure ≥90
Lead to
Hypertension
Either of them
In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood vessels, brain, and kidneys if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏 病).
(Chronic Hypertension) 良性/缓进性高血压
Malignant Hypertension
(Accelerated Hypertension) 恶性/急进性高血压
肾上腺功能紊乱
Disorders of the adrenal gland
孕妇
Chronic kidney diseaseຫໍສະໝຸດ Who is at risk?
➢ Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:
• Are overweight • Eat foods high in salt • Do not get regular exercise • Smoke • Drink alcohol heavily • Under Stress,anger,frightened or
② Secondary Hypertension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物).
➢Primary or Essential Hypertension
Benign Hypertension
高血压
Classification Of Hypertension
➢Hypertension
Essential Hypertension Secondary Hypertension
原发性高血压（高血压病）
继发性高血压
90–95%
5–10%
①primary or essential hypertension: high blood pressure with no obvious underlying(潜在的,根本的) medical cause.
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
Diagnosis
systolic blood pressure≤120 diastolic blood pressure ≤ 80
Both of them
Normal blood pressure 正常血压范围
A warning If your BP are 120/80 or higher
sign
• Exercise
• Medications: