[VIP专享](二级起点)新视野读写第四册第五单元测试 (编号：rw-b4-u5-zlz)

图例： Right Wrong To be marked by instructorD. different3.I remember seeing him some years ago, but I don't ________what he said.A. remindB. recognizeC. recallD. reflect4.If you think you can do my job better than I can, you arewelcome to ________.A. take it overB. take it offC. take it downD. take it in5.His results are not very ________. He does well one weekand badly the next.A. invariableB. consequentD. continuous6.The government is determined to _____ the establishedpolicy of developing agriculture.A. go afterB. go byC. go aheadD. go on7.Shortly after his retirement, the former president ________gardening and hunting.A. took toB. took onC. took inD. took after8.Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of themedical profession women are in a ________.A. scarcityB. minoritymore permanent settlements and began a wide-spreading cultural expansion into the eastern plains, Manchuria, and Central and South China. Farmers from this period worshiped their ancestors, a Chinese custom that still persists.The story of China begins with the events described above, and it continues to the modern day. Between then and now, much has happened. And China has produced not only one of the world's great cultures, but also some of the world's greatest thinkers. Here are a few:Confucius (孔子)Confucius, 551-479 B.C., was the Chinese teacher who founded Confucianism (孔子学说), a philosophy and religion that was named after him. Confucius was born of a poor but respected family in the state of Lu (in what is now Qufu, in Shandong). As a young man, he held several minor government posts; in later years, he advanced to become minister of justice in his home state. But he held these positions only for short periods because of conflicts with his superiors. Throughout his life, he was best known as a teacher. By the time of his death at the age of 72, he had taught a total of 3,000 students, who carried on his teaching.Three keys of Confucianism are particularly important. The first is kindness. Confucius considered kindness as something people develop within themselves before it can affect their relations with others. The best way to approach kindness is in terms of enlightened self-interest, that is, putting the self in the position of the other and then treating the other accordingly. Two sayings of Confucius best express this idea: "Do not do to others what you would not like yourself"; and "Do for others what you wish others to do for you." Kindness means the practice of these two sayings. The second key concerns the superior man. The superior man is one who practices kindness regardless of family background. A superior man is a person who acts well, not necessarily a person who is born into a wealthy or highly-respected family. Good behavior is the third key. Confucius emphasized right behavior in one's relations; man should act in accordance with good behavior. Thus one behaves well toward the other. Such behavior includes social norms that guide people in their social relations. For instance, a person must show respect to people in higher positions of family and society. A son must respect his father, a member of society must respect government leaders, and so on. In addition,the people in higher positions must care for the people in lower positions. Failure to keep to these rules can result in something terrible happening.The sayings of Confucius were later placed into a book. Confucius is also considered the author of other books, including a history of the state of Lu from 771 to 579.Mencius (孟子)The Chinese philosopher Mencius, 372-289 B.C., was a leading believer of Confucianism. Born in what is today Shandong, he lived during the period of the Warring States (403-222 B.C.), when a handful of competing states were fighting one another for the control of China. Traveling from one state to another as a traveling political advisor, Mencius spent 40 years trying to persuade the warring kings to be righteous rulers rather than to rely on military conquests. Disappointed in this effort, he devoted the remaining 20 years of his life to teaching.The chief belief of Mencius is the original goodness of human nature, which is given by heaven and possessed by everyone. Mencius argued that every person has four feelings: sympathy, shame and dislike, respect, and right and wrong. These four feelings can be further developed into the four moral virtues: kindness, righteousness, politeness, and wisdom. After his death, his teachings were placed into the Book of Mencius, a work of classic Confucian philosophy that has greatly influenced Chinese philosophy.Laozi (老子)The philosophy of the Laozi (4th century B.C.) developed earlier philosophies into a theory that valued nature and natural action. What is more, Laozi saw opposites as part of the same system. For example, good and bad, beautiful and ugly, high and low, and "exists" and "exists-not", were all equal and united. They also shaped desires. When one could abandon knowledge of names, distinctions, and socially induced tastes or desires, spontaneous, or natural, behavior resulted.Zhuangzi (庄子)Zhuangzi (399-295 B.C.), aware of the criticism against Laozi, constructed a more sensible version of Laozi's theory. Rather thantreating all language as bad, he allowed that all language use was equally natural and that all the disputing theorists were equally "pipes of heaven". Because all language expresses a contextual standpoint, or perspective, from which terms are used, any attempt to judge or rank perspectives itself must be from some other perspectives. Thus, all ways of dividing the world into "things" remain equal. None is uniquely the belief of heaven and nature.It is not necessary, however, to give up language or to stop following beliefs. Humans naturally advocate and follow beliefs just as young birds naturally sing. Zhuangzi advocated openness to all perspectives, suggesting many ways to evaluate one's way through life. Music playing, butchering, and the analysis of names are among the traditional examples given for training responses. Mastery can be achieved through any skill and can be characterized by the spiritual sense of having moved past deliberate skill through guidance of the spiritual forces of the universe. Undiscovered ways may teach techniques of unimaginable power. Although Zhuangzi argued against the preference for life over death, his religion came to work for a way, among the infinite number of undiscovered ways, that led to long life.1.From the first paragraph we know that Upper Cave Man________________.A. was discovered in southwest ChinaB. lived about 500,000 years agoC. was a fully advanced humanD. could hunt, fish and make objects2.In which part of China did the agricultural way of life firstoccur?A. The eastern plains.B. The fertile region watered by the Huang He.C. Manchuria.D. Central and South China.3.Early Chinese farmers lived in more permanent settlementswhen ________________.A. they had more advanced agricultureB. they exhausted their soilsC. they moved to underground housesD. they expanded out of China4.Why did Confucius hold government posts only for shortperiods?A. Because he was born of a poor family.B. Because he had conflicts with others.C. Because he wanted to be a teacher.D. Because he was too advanced.5.According to Confucianism, a superior man should be aperson who ________________.A. comes from a wealthy and highly-respected familyB. comes from a respected family and acts wellC. comes from a wealthy family and practices kindnessD. practices kindness and behaves well in spite of familybackground6.What did Mencius spend 40 years on when traveling amongstates?A. On persuading the warring kings to fight for the control ofChina.one important rule: travelers should be going on the trip with the same idea in mind. They should hold in common a theory of travel.1.Choosing a travel companion is hard and risky, because________.A. one may lose a friendB. one may suffer financial lossesC. one may be trapped in the dangerous situationD. one may miss the chance of finding the right marriagepartner2.When intimate friends travel together, ________.A. the trip will hasten their dissolutionB. the trip will make them closer to each otherC. they will find the right ways to solve problems due to theirrelationshipD. they will make more friends on trip3.It can be inferred from the passage that the companion talkedabout here is the person ________.A. one can think of developing a deeper relationship withB. one can travel with merely for companyC. one can count on for a free travelD. one can learn much from4.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Choosing a travel companion won't lead to the loss offriends.B. Friendships cannot withstand the test of any trip.C. A travel companion is badly needed if one wants to take atrip.D. Like-minded people should travel together.5.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. Travel and Marriage-Two Similar ExperiencesB. Finding a Good Travel Companion-a Risky MatterC. Will Travel Damage the Friendship?D. Should One Travel Alone or in Another's Company?Questions 6 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog. The term "culture shock" has already begun to creep into the popular vocabulary. Culture shock is the effect that involvement in a strange culture has on the unprepared visitor. Culture shock is what happens when a traveler suddenly finds himself in a place where yes may mean no, where a "fixed price" is negotiable, where to be kept waiting in an outer office is no cause for insult, where laughter may signify (意味) anger.The culture shock phenomenon causes a breakdown in communication, a misreading of reality, an inability to cope. Yet culture shock is relatively mild in comparison with the much more serious malady (弊病), future shock. Future shock is brought on by the premature arrival of the future. It may well be the most important disease of tomorrow.Take an individual out of his own culture and set him down suddenly in an environment sharply different from his own, with a different set of cues to react to—different conceptions (概念) of time, space, work, love, religion, sex, and everything else, then the dislocation he suffers will be severe. Given few clues as to what kind of behavior is rational under the radically new circumstances, the victim may well become a danger to himself and others.Now imagine not merely an individual but an entire society, an entire generation—including its weakest, least intelligent, and most irrational members—suddenly transported into this new world. The result is mass disorientation (迷失方向), future shock on a grandscale.This is the prospect that man now faces. Change is avalanching (把……淹没) upon our heads and most people are unprepared to cope with it.6.Culture shock occurs when ________.A. one loses all hopes of returning to his home environmentB. one expresses ideas and emotions contrary to what heintends to expressC. one cannot make accurate judgment using one's ownvalue standardsD. one cannot conduct negotiations for goods of fixed prices7.Future shock is much more serious than culture shock as________.A. it concerns the problems of the futureB. it affects people on a grand scaleC. it causes personal insultsD. it destroys the foundation of the society8.The word "cue" in Para. 3 most probably refers to somethingthat ________.A. puzzles an individualB. disturbs an individual's normal way of lifeC. helps an individual to function in societyD. arouses an individual's interest in the new culture9.One effective way to prevent future shock is to ________.返回我的课程。