2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京文科数学和理科数学整编卷详细解析(精品回顾)
绝密★使用完毕前2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学（理）（北京卷）本试卷共5页，150分。
考试时间长120分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分（选择题 共40分）一、选择题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的一项。
（1）已知集合P=｛x ︱x 2≤1｝,M=｛a ｝.若P ∪M=P,则a 的取值范围是（A ）(-∞, -1] （B ）[1, +∞） （C ）[-1，1] （D ）（-∞，-1] ∪[1，+∞） （2）复数212i i-=+（A ）i（B ）-i（C ）（D ）4355i--4355i -+（3）在极坐标系中，圆ρ=-2sin θ的圆心的极坐标系是(A)(B) (C) (1,0)(1,)2π(1,2π-(D)(1，)π（4）执行如图所示的程序框图，输出的s 值为（A ）-3 （B ）-12（C ）13（D ）2（5）如图，AD ，AE ，BC 分别与圆O 切于点D ，E ，F ，延长AF 与圆O 交于另一点G 。
给出下列三个结论：AD+AE=AB+BC+CA ；○1回归往日精品，再现今日辉煌AF·AG=AD·AE○2③△AFB ～△ADG 其中正确结论的序号是（A ）①② （B ）②③ （C ）①③ （D ）①②③（6）根据统计，一名工作组装第4件某产品所用的时间（单位：分钟）为（A ，C 为常数）。
已知工人组装第4件产品用时30分钟，组装第A 件产品用时15分钟，那么C 和A 的值分别是（A ）75，25 （B ）75，16 （C ）60，25 （D ）60，16 (7)某四面体的三视图如图所示，该四面体四个面的面积中，最大的是(A) 8 (B) (C)10 (D) （8）设,，,.记为平行四边形()0,0A ()4,0B ()4,4C t +()(),4D t t R ∈()N t ABCD 内部（不含边界）的整点的个数，其中整点是指横、纵坐标都是整数的点，则函数的值域为()N t（A ） （B ） {}9,10,11{}9,10,12（C ） （D ） {}9,11,12{}10,11,12第二部分 （非选择题 共110分）二、填空题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分。
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文综试题(北京卷)(精校版含答案)
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科综合（北京卷）第一部分（选择题共140分）本部分共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。
图1是海南省著名旅游景观“南天一柱”照片。
读图，回答第1题。
1.该景观A.形成受海水侵蚀的影响B.表现出石灰岩沉积特点C.反映热带自然景观特征D.在冬季观赏的效果最佳图2为某年中国发生地质地貌灾害次数最多的6个省级行政区，读图，回答第2题。
2.该年发生地质灾害次数最多的山地可能是A.横断山和秦岭B.太行山和雪峰山C.大巴山和巫山D.祁连山和唐古拉山3.在图3所示的山区自然灾害链中，①②③④依次是A.滑坡、泥石流、地震、崩塌B.泥石流、地震、崩塌、滑坡C.地震、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流D.崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地震4.平均海拔由高到低的省区依次是A.湘、辽、宁B.台、鲁、苏C.青、粤、晋D.桂、甘、豫读图4，回答5、6题。
5.图中各点最可能表示世界A.主要能源矿产产地B.百万人口以上的城市C.自然和文化遗产地D.近10年7级以上地震震中6.在6月到8月期间，A.正午太阳高度角①比②小B.日出时间①比③早C. ④地白昼时间逐渐增加D.便于在⑤地开展科学考察图5为某日中国东部一条经线附近地区的天气状况示意图。
读图，回答第7题。
7.该日最可能出现在A.1月B.4月C.7月D.10月图6为地处北纬50°附近欧洲中不的某聚落局部地区示意图。
读图，回答第8、9题。
8.图中A.河流形成于距今2300万年前B. ①经历了先侵蚀后沉积过程C. ②处底层由下到上市连续的D.河流③处左岸侵蚀，右岸堆积9.该聚落A.出现在图中所示断裂产生前B.坐落在河流冲击平原上C.自然景观以落叶林为主D.居住区适宜向河滩扩展图7是利用地理信息技术制作的某城市忠信城区月交通事故次数示意图。
读图，回答第10、11题。
10.该图的制作与应用借助于A.遥感技术获取道路网信息，测定监测点分布B.全球定位系统确定事故的位置，预测交通流量C.地理信息系统查询事故频次，分析出警最优路径D.数字地球技术，实现道路与监测点的互换11.根据图中交通网络，可以推断该地区A.甲地是城市忠信商务区所在地B.乙地适宜建大型地面停车场。
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 文数(北京卷)
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学（文）（北京卷）本试卷共5页，150分。
考试时长120分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分（选择题共40分）一、选择题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分。
在每小题列出四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的一项。
（1）已知全集U=R ，集合{}21P x x =∣≤，那么U P =ð(A)(,1-∞-)(B)(1,+∞)(C)（-1，1)(D)()()11-∞,-,+∞ （2）复数212i i -=+(A)i (B )i -(C)4355i --(D)4355i -+（3）如果1122log log 0x y <<，那么（A ）1y x <<(B)1x y <<(C)1x y <<(D)1y x<<（4）若p 是真命题，q 是假命题，则（A ）p q ∧是真命题(B)p q ∨是假命题(C)p ⌝是真命题(D)q ⌝是真命题（5）某四棱锥的三视图如图所示，该四棱锥的表面积是(A)32(B)16+162(C)48(D)16322+（6）执行如图所示的程序框图，若输入A 的值为2，则输出的P 值为(A)2(B)3(C)4(D)5（7）某车间分批生产某种产品，每批的生产准备费用为800元。
若每批生产x 件，则平均仓储时间为8x 天，且每件产品每天的仓储费用为1元。
为使平均到每件产品的生产准备费用与仓储费用之和最小，每批应生产产品（A ）60件(B)80件（C ）100件（D ）120件（8）已知点()()0,2,2,0A B 。
若点C 在函数2y x =的图象上，则使得ABC 的面积为2的点C 的个数为（A ）4(B)3(C)2(D)1第二部分（非选择题共110分）二、填空题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分。
（9）在ABC 中，若15,,sin 43b B A π=∠==，则a =.（10）已知双曲线2221(0)y x b b-=>的一条渐近线的方程为2y x =，则b =.（11）已知向量(01),(a b c k ==-=。
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试化学试题（北京卷）本试卷分共14页,满分300分。
考试时长150分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
以下数据可供解题时参考：可用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5第一部分（选择题，共120分）本部分共20小题，每小题6分，共120分，在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符题目要求的一项。
7.下列说法不正确．．．的是A.麦芽糖及其水解产物均能发生银镜反应B.用溴水即可鉴别苯酚溶液、2,4-已二烯和甲苯C.在酸性条件下，CH3CO18OC2H5的水解产物是CH3CO18OH和C2H5OHD.用甘氨酸（）和丙氨酸（）缩合最多可形成4种二肽8.结合下图判断，下列叙述正确的是A．Ⅰ和Ⅱ中正极均被保护B. Ⅰ和Ⅱ中负极反应均是Fe－2e－＝Fe2＋C. Ⅰ和Ⅱ中正极反应均是O2＋2H2O＋4e－＝4OH－D. Ⅰ和Ⅱ中分别加入少量K3Fe(CN)6溶液，均有蓝色沉淀10. 25℃、101kPa 下：①2Na(s)＋1/2O2(g)=Na2O(s) △H1=－414KJ/mol②2Na(s)＋O2(g)=Na2O2(s) △H2=－511KJ/mol下列说法正确的是A.①和②产物的阴阳离子个数比不相等B.①和②生成等物质的量的产物，转移电子数不同C.常温下N a与足量O2反应生成Na2O，随温度升高生成Na2O的速率逐渐加快D.25℃、101kPa 下，Na2O2（s）+2 Na（s）= 2Na2O（s）△H=－317kJ/mol12.已知反应：2CH3COCH3(l)催化剂CH3COCH2COH(CH3)2(l)。
取等量CH3COCH3，分别在0℃和20℃下，测得其转化分数随时间变化的关系曲线（Y－t）如下图所示。
下列说法正确的是A.b代表0℃下CH3COCH3的Y－t曲线B.反应进行到20min 末，H 3COCH 3的(0)1(20)v C v C ︒>︒C.升高温度可缩短反应达平衡的时间并能提高平衡转化率D.从Y=0到Y=0.113，CH 3COCH 2COH(CH 3)2的(0)1(20)n C n C ∆︒=∆︒第二部分（非选择题 共180分）本部分共11小题，共180分。
2011年北京高考文综及答案
绝密★使用完毕前2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科综合能力测试（北京卷）本试卷共14页，共300分。
考试时长150分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分（选择题共140分）本部分共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。
图1是海南省著名的旅游景观“南天一柱”照片。
读图，回答第一题。
1.该景观A形成受海水侵蚀的影响B.表现出石灰岩沉积特点C.反映热带自然景观特征D.在冬季观赏的效果最佳图2为某年中国发生地质地貌灾害词数最多的6个省级行政区。
读图，回答第2题。
2.该年发生地质地貌灾害次数最多的山地可能是A.横断山和秦岭B.太行山和雪峰山C.大巴山和巫山D.祁连山和唐古拉山3.在图3所示的山区自然灾害链中，①②③④依次是A.滑坡、泥石流、地震、崩塌B.泥石流、地震、崩塌、滑坡C.地震、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流D.崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地震4.平均海拔由高到低的省区依次是A.湘、辽、宁B.台、鲁、苏C.青、粤、晋D.桂、甘、豫读图4，回答第5，6题。
5.图中各点最可能表示世界A.主要能源矿产产地B.百万人口以上的城市C.自然和文化遗产地D.近10年7级以上地震震中6.在6月到8月期间A.正午太阳高度角①比②小B.日出时间①比③早C.④地白昼时间逐渐增加D.便于在⑤地开展科学考察图5为某日中国东部一条经线附近地区的天气状况示意图，读图，回到第7题。
7.该日最可能出现在A.1月B.4月C.7月D.10月图6为地处北纬50°附近欧洲中部的某聚落局部地区示意图。
读图，回答第8、9题。
8.图中A.河流形成与距今2300万年前B.①处经历了先侵蚀后沉积过程C.②处底层由下到上是连续的D.河流③处左岸侵蚀，右岸堆积9.该聚落A.出现在图中所示断裂产生前B.坐落爱河流冲积平原上C.自然景观以落叶阔叶林为主D.居住区适宜向河滩扩展图7是利用地理信息技术制作的某城市中心城区月交通事故次数示意图，读图，回答第10、11题。
2011年全国统一高考英语(北京卷)逐题解析
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语试题解析2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）本试卷共16页，共150分。
考试时长120分钟，考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力理解（略）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话你将听一遍。
例：What is the man going to read?A. A newspaper.B. A magazine.C. A book.答案是A。
1．What color T-shirt does the man plan to order?A．Red. B．Blue. C．Green.2．Which section does the man like to read?A．News. B．Sports. C．Entertainment.3．What job will the man probably take in summer?A．Lifeguard. B．Tour guide. C．Swinning coach.4．Where does the woman want to go on holiday?A．Turkey. B．Canada. C．Italy.5．What are the two speakers talking about?A．Shark. B．Camera. C．Movie.第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。
听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2011普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)(含听力原文)
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)第一部分：听力理解(共三节，30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What color T-shirt does the man plan to order?A. RedB. BlueC. Green2. Which section does the man like to read?A. NewsB. SportsC. Entertainment3. What job will the man probably take in summer?A. LifeguardB. Tour guideC. Swimming coach4. Where does the woman want to go on holiday?A. TurkeyB. CanadaC. Italy5. What are the two speakers talking about?A. SharkB. CameraC. Movie第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)听下面4段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。
听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. What test are the speakers going to take on Friday?A. ScienceB. HistoryC. Music7. Why does the woman speaker make the phone call?A. To discuss her maths problems.B. To seek help with her English reading.C. To ask about the homework for tomorrow.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
2011年高考北京卷英语试题(附答案)
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试例：It’s so nice to hear from her again ______________, we list met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. to other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。
21. Experiments of this kind ______________in both the U. S and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conductedB. have been conductedC. had conductedD. had been conducted22. ______________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. Whom23. Tom ______________ in the library every night over the last three months.A. worksB. WorkedC. has been workingD. had been working24. —I don’t really like Jams. Why did you invite him?—Don’t worry. He _____ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.A. must notB. need notC. would notD. might not25. It’s important for the figures ______________ regularly.A. to be undatedB. to have been updatedC. to updateD. to have updated26. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others. ______________, of course, made all the others upset.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that27. That must have been a long trip.Yeah, it ______ us a whole week yet there.A. takesB. had takenC. tookD. was taking28. Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.—I wish they ______________ always late.A. weren’tB. hadn’t beenC. wouldn’t heD. wouldn’t have been29. _______ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.A. SinceB. OnceC. UnlessD. While30. May be if I ______________ science, and not literature then. I would be able to give your more help.A. studiedB. would studyC. had studiedD. was studying31. The shocking news made me realize ______________ terrible problems we would face.A. whatB. howC. thatD. why32. —Bob has gone to California.—Oh, can you tell me when he ______________?A. had leftB. leftC. is leavingD. would leave33. Sit down. Emma. You will only make yourself more worried, ______________ on your feet.A. to keepB. keepingC. having keptD. to have kept34. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase ______________.A. themB. thoseC. itD. that35. With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken _____________ color.A. byB. forC. withD. in阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because. I didn’t like attention drawn to myself. And 36 otherwise assigned （指定）a seat by the teacher. I always 37 to sit at the back of the classroom.All this 38 after I joined a sports team. It began when a teacher suggested. I try out for the basketball team. At first I thought it was a crazy 39 because I didn’t have a good sense of balance nor did I have the 40 to keep pace with the others on the team and they would tease me. But for the teacher who kept insisting on my “41 for it”, I wouldn’t have decided to give it a try.Getting up the courage to go to the tryouts was only the 42 of it. When I first started 43 the practice sessions. I didn’t even know the rules of the game much 44 what I was doing. Sometimes I’d get 45 and take a shot at the wrong direction—which made me feel really stupid. 46 . I wasn’t the only one “new” at the game, so I decided to 47 on learning the game, do my best at each practice session, and not be too hard on myself for the things I didn’t 48 “just yet”.I practiced and practiced. Soon I knew the 49 and the “moves”Being part of a team was fun and motivating. Very soon the competitive 50 in me was winning over my lack of confidence. With time, I learned how to play and made friends in the 51 —friends who respected my efforts to work hard and be a team player. I never had so much fun!With my 52 self-confidence comes more praise from teachers and classmates. I have gone from “53 ” in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call attention to myself. 54 raising my hand —even when I sometimes wasn’t 100 percent 55 I had the right answer. Now I have more self-confidence in myself.36. A. as B. until C. unless D. though37. A. hoped B. agreed C. meant D. chose38. A. continued B changed C. settled D. started39. A. idea B. plan C. belief D. saying40. A. right B. chance C. ability D. patience41. A. going B. looking C. cheering D. applying42. A. point B. half C. rest D. basis43. A. enjoying B. preparing C. attending D. watching44. A. less B. later C. worse D. further45. A. committed B. motivated C. embarrassed D. confused46. A. Interestingly B. Fortunately C. Obviously D. Hopefully47. A. focus B. act C. rely D. try48. A. want B. do C. support D. know49. A. steps B. orders C. rules D. games50. A. role B. part C. mind D. value51. A. process B. operation C. movement D. situation52. A. expressed B. improved C. preserved D. recognized53. A. dreaming B. playing C. relaxing D. hiding54. A. by B. for C. with D. to55. A. lucky B. happy C. sure D. satisfiedA“I Went Skydiving at 84!”As a young girl growing up in the 1930s, I always wanted to fly a plane, but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of the dream in 2001, when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. But the experience turned out to be very dull. Around that time, I told my husband that I wanted to skydive. So when our retirement community (社区)announced that they were having an essay competition and the topic was an experience of a lifetime that you wanted to have. I decided to write about mydream.In the essay, I wrote about my desire to skydive, stating Gorge Bush Sr. did it at age 80. Why not me? I was just 84 and in pretty good health . A year went by and I heard nothing. But then at a community party in late April 2009, they announced that I was one of the winners. I just couldn’t believe it. Inspired by this. I decided to realize my dream, even though some of my family members and my doctor were against it.On June 11,2009, nearly 40 of my family and friends gathered in the area close to where I would land while I headed up in the airplane. My instructor, Jay, guided me through the experience. The plane was the noisiest one I had ever been in, but I wasn’t frightened-I was really just looking forward to the experience. When we reached 13,000 feet, Jay instructed me to throw myself out of the plane. When we first hit the air, the wind was so strong that I could hardly breathe. For a second I thought, “What have I gotten myself into?” But then everything got calmer. We were in a free fall for about a minute before Jay opened the parachute (降落伞), then we just floated downward for about five minutes . Being up in the clouds and looking at the view below was unlike anything I have ever felt-much better than the hot air balloon. I was just enjoying it.Skydiving was really one of the greatest experiences of my life. I hope other people will look at me and really one of the greatest experiences of my life. I hope other people will look at me and realize that you don’t stop living just because you are 84 years old. If there’s something you want to experience, look into it. If it’s something that is possible, make it happen.56. What happened to the author in 2001?A. She flew an airplane.B. She entered a competition.C. She went on a hot air balloon ride.D. She moved into a retirement community.57. The author mentioned George Bush Sr. in the essay to .A. build up her own reputationB. show her admiration for himC. compare their health conditionD. make her argument persuasive58. How did the author feel immediately after she jumped out of the plane?A. Excited.B. Scared.C. NervousD. Regretful59. What did the author enjoy most when she was skydiving?A. The beautiful clouds.B. The wonderful view.C. The company of JayD. The one-minute free fallBSubmission GuidelinesBefore sending us a manuscript(稿件), look through recent issues(刊物)of the Post to get an idea of the range and style of articles we publish. You will discover that our focus has broadened to include well-researched, timely and informative articles on finance, home improvement, travel, humor, and many other fields.The Post’s goal is to remain unique, with content that provides additional understandings on the ever-evolving American scene.In addition to feature-length(专题长度的) articles, the Post buys anecdotes, cartoons, and photos. Payment ranges from $25 to $400.Our nonfiction needs include how-to, useful articles on gardening, pet care and training, financial planning, and subjects of interest to a 45-plus, home-loving readership. For nonfiction articles, indicate any special qualifications you have for writing about the subject, especially scientific material. Include one or two published pieces with your article. We prefer typed articles between 1,000 and 2,000 words in length. We encourage you to send both printed and online versions.We also welcome new fiction. A light, humorous touch is appreciated. We are always in need of straight humor articles. Make us laugh, and we’ll buy it.Feature articles average about 1,000 to 2,000 words. We like positive, fresh angles to Post articles, and weask that they be thoroughly researched.We normally respond to article submissions within six weeks. You are tree to submit the article elsewhere at the same time.Please submit all articles to Features Editor. The Saturday Evening Post,1100 Waterway Boulevard. Indianapolis. IN 46202, (317) 634-1100.60. Before sending a manuscript to the Post, a contributor is advised to .A. get a better understanding of American issuesB. find out the range of the articles in the PostC. increase his knowledge in many fieldsD. broaden his research focus61. To submit nonfiction articles, a contributor must .A. provide his special qualificationsB. be a regular reader of the PostC. produce printed versionsD. be over 45 years old62. From the passage we can learn that the P ost.A. allows article submissions within six weeksB. favors science articles within 2,000 wordsC. has a huge demand for humorous worksD. prefers nonfiction to fiction articlesCStudents and Technology in the ClassroomI love my Blackberry—it’s my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me. I also love my laptop computer, as it holds all of my writing and thoughts. Despite this love of technology, I know that there are times when I need to move away from there devices(设备)and truly communicate with others.On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom, I have a rule-no laptops, iPads, etc. When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy.Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. There’s a bit of truth to that. Some students assume that I am anti-technology. There’s no truth in that at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on out information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and to make connections between the course material and the class discussion.I’ve been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroomI’m not saying that I won’t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change, I’m sticking to my plan. A few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.63. Some of the students in the history class were unhappy withA. the course materialB. other s’ misuse of technologyC. discussion topicsD. the author’s class regulations64. The underlined word “engage” in Para.4 probably means .A. exploreB. AcceptC. ChangeD. reject65. According to the author, the use of technology in the classroom may .A. keep students from doing independent thinkingB. encourage students to have in-depth conversationsC. help students to better understand complex themesD. affect students’ concentration on course evaluation66. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author.A. is quite stubbornB. will give up teaching historyC. will change his teaching plan soonD. values technology-free dialogues in his classDAs the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating(发电)and transmission (输送) system for the 21th century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.The 19th century saw land grants(政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns, which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died.Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.So trade-offs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species(物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter. The 21th century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So let’s remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.67. What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned.B. Some railroad stops remained underused.C. Land in the West was hard to manage.D. Land grants went into private hands.68. What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?A. The transmission of power.B. The use of money and power.C. The conservation of solar energy.D. The selection of an ideal place.69. What is the author’s attitude towards building solar plants?A. CautiousB. ApprovingC. DoubtfulD. Disapproving70. Which is the best title for the passage?A. How the Railways Have Affected the WestB. How Solar Energy Could Reshape the WestC. How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be ReducedD. How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
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科目： 物理 试卷名称：2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试·北京卷（2011·北京高考·T13）13.表示放射性元素β衰变的方程是A ．131127153512I Sb He →+B ．131131053541I Xe e -→+ C ．131130153530I I n →+ D ．131130153521I Te H →+〖解析〗〖答案〗B. 碘（13153I ）的原子核内一个中子放出一个电子，变成一个质子，质量数没有发生变化，核电荷数增加1，所以生成54号元素13154Xe ，放出一个电子.B 选项正确.（2011·北京高考·T14）如图所示的双缝干涉实验，用绿光照射单缝S 时，在光屏P 上观察到干涉条纹，要得到相邻条纹间距更大的干涉图样，可以A ．增大1S 与1S 的间距B ．减小双缝屏到光屏的距离C ．将绿光换为红光D ．将绿光换为紫光 〖解析〗〖答案〗C.双缝干涉的条纹间距公式：λdlx =∆，增大1S 与1S 的间距就是增大d ，所以条纹间距变小，A 正确；减小双缝屏到光屏的距离就是减小l ，条纹间距减小，B 错误；红光波长比绿光波长长，紫光波长比绿光波长短，所以将绿光换为红光条纹间距增大，C 正确，D 错误。
（2011·北京高考·T15）由于通讯和广播等方面的需要，许多国家发射了地球同步轨道卫星，这些卫星的A ．质量可以不同B ．轨道半径可以不同C ．轨道平面可以不同D ．速率可以不同〖解析〗〖答案〗A. 万有引力是卫星的向心力2222()GMm m r m r T r π==v ，解得周期GMr T 32π=，环绕速度=v B 错误，轨道半径相同必然环绕速度相同，D 错误，同步卫星相对于地面静止在赤道上空，所有的同步卫星轨道运行在赤道上空同一个圆轨道上，C 错误，同步卫星的质量可以不同，A 正确.（2011·北京高考·T16）介质中有一列简谐机械波传播，对于其中某个振动质点A ．它的振动速度等于波的传播速度B ．它的振动方向一定垂直于波的传播方向C ．它在一个周期内走过的路程等于一个波长D ．它的振动频率等于波源振动频率 〖解析〗〖答案〗D.简谐机械波介质中的各质点都做简谐振动，其速度按照正弦或余弦规律变化，与波的传播速度是两码事，A 错误；横波的振动方向垂直于波的传播方向，而纵波的振动方向与波的传播方向在一条直线上，B 错误，简谐机械波介质中的质点一个周期内走过的路程等于四个振幅，而波一个周期传播的距离等于一个波长，C 错误；机械波介质中的各质点做简谐振动的频率都相等，都等于波源的振动频率，所以D 正确.（2011·北京高考·T17）如图所示电路，电源内阻不可忽略。
开关S 闭合后，在变阻器0R 的滑动端向下滑动的过程中A ．电压表与电流表的示数都减小B ．电压表与电流表的示数都增大C ．电压表的示数增大，电流表的示数减小D ．电压表的示数减小，电流表的示数增大。
〖解析〗〖答案〗A.在变阻器R 0的滑动端向下滑动的过程中，电路总电阻减小，干路电流增大，内阻压降增加，路端电压减小，电压表的示数减小，同时，定值电阻1R 上的压降也增加，使得定值电阻2R 两端电压降低，导致电流表的示数减小，所以A 正确.（2011·北京高考·T18）“蹦极”就是跳跃者把一端固定的长弹性绳绑在踝关节处，从几十米高处跳下的一种极限运动。
某人做蹦极运F 2F动，所受绳子拉里F 的上部随时间t 变化的情况。
如图所示，将蹦极过程近似为在竖直方向的运动，重力加速度为g 。
据图可知，此人在蹦极过程中最大加速度约为A ．gB ．2gC ．3gD ．4g 〖解析〗〖答案〗B.从图中可以看出，最后绳子拉力稳定不变，表明人已经静止不动，此时绳子的拉力等于重力，所以06.0F mg =，根据牛顿第二定律，最大加速度g mmgm F m mg F F a 222.12m00max ===-==合（2011·北京高考·T19）某同学为发验证断电自感现象，自己找来带铁心的线圈L ，小灯泡A ，开关S 和电池组E ，用导线将它们连接成如图所不的电路。
检查电路后，闭合开关1S ，小灯泡发光；再断开开关2S ，小灯泡仅有不显著的延时熄灭现象。
虽经多次重复，仍未见老师演示时出现的小灯泡闪亮现象，他冥思苦想找不出原因。
你认为最有可能造成小灯泡未闪亮的原因是A ．电源的内阻较大B ．小灯泡电阻偏大C ．线圈电阻偏大D ．线圈的自然系数较大 〖解析〗〖答案〗C. 根据实物连线图画出正确的电路图，当闭合电键S ，电路稳定之后，小灯泡中有稳定的电流A I ，电感线圈中有稳定的电流L I ，当电键S 突然断开时，电流立即A I 消失，但是，由于自感电动势的作用，流过线圈的电流L I 不能突变，而是要继续流动，于是，电感线圈和小灯泡构成了回路，如果A L I I >，则能观察到小灯泡闪亮一下再熄灭，线圈的自感系数越大，小灯泡延时闪亮的时间就越长.如果不满足A L I I >的条件，小灯泡只是延时熄灭，不会观察到闪亮一下再熄灭.可见灯泡未闪亮的根本原因是不满足A L I I >的条件，这是线圈电阻偏大造成的L I 偏小。
所以本题正确选项是C.（2011·北京高考·T20）物理关系式不仅反映了物理量之间的关系，也确定了单位间的关系。
如关系式U =IR 既反映了电压、电流和电阻之间的关系，也确定了V （伏）与A （安）和Ω（欧）的乘积等效。
现有物理量单位：m （米）、s （秒）、N （牛）、J （焦）、W （瓦）、C （库）、F （法）、A （安）、Ω（欧）和T （特），由他们组合成的单位都与电压单位V （伏）等效的是A ．J/C 和N/CB ．C/F 和T·m 2/sC ．W/A 和C·T·m/sD ．1122W ⋅Ω和T·A·m 〖解析〗〖答案〗B.根据qU W =，J/C 的单位是电压V ，根据qE F =，N/C 的单位是电场强度单位，而不是电压V ，所以A 错误；根据UQC =，C/F 的单位是电压V ，根据BLv E =，电动势E 的单位就应该是T·2m/s ，所以T·2m/s 的单位是电压V ，B 选项正确。
根据UI P =，W/A 的单位电压V ，根据洛伦兹力公式qBv f =，C·T·m/s 的单位是N 而不是电压V ，C 选项不正确；根据公式RU P 2=，2121W Ω⋅单位是电压V ，根据公式BIL F =，T·A·m 的单位是N ，而不是电压单位V 。
所以D 错误. （2011·北京高考·T21⑴）用如图1所示的多用电表测量电阻，要用到选择开关K 和两个部件S 、T 。
请根据下列步骤完成电阻测量：①旋动部件________，使指针对准电流的“0”刻线。
②将K 旋转到电阻挡“×100”的位置。
③将插入“+”、“—”插孔的表笔短接，旋动部件_____,使指针对准电阻的_____（填“0刻线”或“∞刻线”。
④将两表笔分别与待测电阻相接，发现指针偏转角度过小，为了得到比较准确的测量结果，请从下列选项中挑出合理的步骤，并按_____的顺序进行操作，再完成读数测量。
A. 将K 旋转到电阻挡“×1K”的位置B. 将K 旋转到电阻挡“×10”的位置C. 将两表笔的金属部分分别与被测电阻的两根引线相接D. 将两表笔短接，旋动合适部件，对电表进行校准 【答案】①S ③T 0刻线 ④ADC〖解析〗多用电表测量电阻时，在测量之前就要观察指针是否在零刻度线上，若指针不在零刻度线上，用螺丝刀小心转动调零螺丝S ，使指针对准电流的“0”刻线.然后转动选择开关K ，选择量程，再将两表笔短接，调整调零电阻的旋钮T ，使得指针对准满偏刻度（即电阻的0刻线），接下来才能将两表笔的金属部分分别与被测电阻的两根引线相接，测量被测电阻的阻值.若在测量过程中，发现指针偏转角度过小，表明被测的电阻阻值很大，这时要换用更高倍率的挡位，例如，本题就要从“×100” 挡位更换到“×1K”的位置.（2011·北京高考·T21⑵）（2）如图2，用“碰撞试验器”可以验证动量守恒定律，即研究两个小球在轨道水平部分碰撞前后的动量关系。
①试验中，直接测定小球碰撞前后的速度是不容易的。
但是，可以通过仅测量 （填选项钱的序号），间接地解决这个问题 A ．小球开始释放高度hB ．小球抛出点距地面得高度HC ．小球做平抛运动的射程②图2中O 点是小球抛出点在地面上的垂直投影，实验时，先让入射球1m 多次从贵上S 位置静止释放，找到其平均落地点的位置P,测量平抛射程OP ，然后把被碰小球2m 静止于轨道的水平部分，再将入射小球1m 从斜轨上S 位置静止释放，与小球2m 相撞，并多次重复。
接下来要完成的必要步骤是 (填选项的符号) A.用天平测量两个小球的质量1m 、2m B.测量小球1m 开始释放高度hC.测量抛出点距地面的高度hD ．分别找到12m m ，相碰后平均落地点的位置M 、SE ．测量平抛射程OM ，ON③若两球相碰前后的动量守恒，其表达式可表示为 （用②中测量的量表示）；若碰撞是弹性碰撞。
那么还应满足的表达式为 （用②中测量的量表示）。
④经测定，127.5m m g ==45.0g,，小球落地点的平均位置到O 点的距离如图3所示。
碰撞前，后1m 的动量分别为1p 与p '，则1:p p '= ；若碰撞结束时2m 的动量为2p ,则2:p p '=11: 实验结果说明，碰撞前、后总动量的比值112p p p +为⑤有同学认为在上述实验中仅更换两个小球的材质，其它条件不变可以使被撞小球做平抛运动的射程增大。
请你用④中已知的数据，分析计算出被撞小球m 2平抛运动射程ON 的最大值为 cm 【答案】①C ，②ADE 或DAE 或DEA ③OP m ON m OM m ⋅=⋅+⋅121 212221OP m ON m OM m ⋅=⋅+⋅ ④14 2.9 1～1.01 ⑤76.8〖解析〗①在落地高度不变的情况下，水平位移就能反映平抛初速度的大小，所以，仅测量小球做平抛运动的射程就能间接测量速度.因此选C. ②测量平均落点的位置，找到平抛的水平位移，因此步骤中D 、E 是必须的，而且要D 先在E 后，至于用天平测质量先后均可。