最新简明英国文学史-简答题-重点

合集下载

英国文学史选读复习资料

英国文学史选读复习资料英国文学史选读复习资料英国文学史是世界文学史中的重要组成部分，涵盖了从中世纪到现代的众多文学作品和作家。

在这篇文章中，我们将回顾一些英国文学史上的重要时期和作品，以帮助大家更好地理解和复习这一领域。

1. 中世纪文学中世纪文学是英国文学史的起点，以骑士文学和宗教文学为主要形式。

《贝奥武夫》是中世纪英国文学中最重要的作品之一，讲述了贝奥武夫与怪物格伦德尔的战斗。

此外，中世纪还有许多神秘的抒情诗歌和教会文学，如《悲歌》和《坎特伯雷故事集》。

2. 文艺复兴时期文艺复兴时期是英国文学史上的黄金时代，代表作家包括莎士比亚、斯宾塞和培根。

莎士比亚的戏剧作品是世界文学的瑰宝，如《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《麦克白》。

斯宾塞的史诗《仙后》也是这一时期的杰作，描绘了亚瑟王的传奇故事。

3. 17世纪文学17世纪是英国文学史上的变革时期，文学形式更加多样化。

约翰·米尔顿的史诗《失乐园》是这一时期的代表作之一，探讨了人类的堕落和救赎。

约翰·唐纳的戏剧作品《魔法师》则展示了他对权力和政治的深刻洞察力。

4. 18世纪文学18世纪是英国文学史上启蒙时代的兴起，代表作家包括亚历山大·蒲柏和塞缪尔·约翰逊。

蒲柏的诗歌作品《伊甸园》和《人类的悲剧》探讨了人类的自由意志和苦难。

约翰逊的《英语词典》对英语语言的规范化和发展起了重要作用。

5. 浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学是19世纪英国文学的重要流派，代表作家包括威廉·华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治。

华兹华斯的诗歌作品《抒情诗集》和《普雷德斯》强调了自然和个人情感的重要性。

柯勒律治的《抒情诗集》则表达了对自然的热爱和对社会不公的关注。

6. 维多利亚时代文学维多利亚时代是英国文学史上的繁荣时期，代表作家包括查尔斯·狄更斯和艾米莉·勃朗特。

狄更斯的小说《雾都孤儿》和《双城记》揭示了当时社会的不公和贫困问题。

最新英国文学史期末复习重点

最新英国文学史期末复习重点英国文学史Part one: Early and Medieval English LiteratureChapter 1 The Making of England1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts.2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar.The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years.It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain.And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned.3. The English ConquestAt the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates(海盗). They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes.And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles.And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English.4. The Social Condition of the Anglo-SaxonTherefore, the Anglo-Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism.5. Anglo-Saxon Religious Belief and Its InfluenceThe Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century.Chapter 2 Beowulf1. Anglo-Saxon PoetryBut there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf,the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf.3. Analysis of Its ContentBeowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century.4. Features of BeowulfThe most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements.Chapter 3 Feudal England1) The Norman Conquest2. The Norman ConquestThe French-speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England.The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.3. The Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English LanguageBy the end of the fourteenth century, when Normans and English intermingled, English wasonce more the dominant speech in the country.3) The Romance1. The Content of the RomanceThe most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance.4. Malory’s Le Morte D’ArthurThe adventures of the Knights of the Round Table at Arthur’s courtChapter 5 The English Ballads2. The BalladsThe most important department of English folk literature is the ballad. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.Of paramount importance are the ballads of Robin Hood.3. The Robin Hood BalladsChapter 6 Chaucer1. LifeGeoffrey Chaucer, the founder/father of English poetry.3. Troilus and CriseydeTroilus and Criseyde is Chaucer’s longest complete poem and his greatest artistic achievement. But the poet shows some sympathy for her, hitting that her fault springs from weakness rather than baseness of character.4. The Canterbury TalesThe Ca nterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.6. His LanguageChaucer’s language, now called Middle English, is vivid and exact.Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies ch iefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (the “the heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucer did much in makingdialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.Part Two: The English RenaissanceChapter 1 Old England in Transition1. The New MonarchyThe century and a half following the death of Chaucer was full of great changes.And Henry 7, taking advantage of this situation, founded the Tudor dynasty, a centralized monarchy of a totally new type, which met the needs of the rising bourgeoisie and so won its support.2. The ReformationProtestantismThe bloody religious persecution came to a stop after the church settlement of Queen Elizabeth.3. The English BibleWilliam TyndallThen appeared the Authorized Version, which was made in 1611 under the auspices of James I and so was sometimes called the King James Bible.The result is a monument of English language and English literature.The standard modern English has been fixed and confirmed.4. The Enclosure Movement5. The Commercial ExpansionChapter 2 More1. LifeThomas More2. UtopiaUtopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation between More and Hythlody, a returned voyager.The name “Utopia” comes from two Greek words meaning“no place”.3. Utopia, Book OneBook One of Utopia is a picture of contemporary England with forcible exposure of the poverty among the laboring classes.4. Utopia, Book TwoIn Book Two we have a sketch of an ideal commonwealth in some unknown ocean, where property is held in common and there is no poverty.Chapter 3 The Flowering of English Literature3. Edmund Spenser1) LifeThe Poet’s Poet of the period was Edmund Spenser.In 1579 he wrote The Shepher’s Calendar, a pastoral poem in twelve books, one for each month of the year.2) The Faerie Queene (masterpiece)Spenser’s greatest work, The Faerie Queene (p ublished in 1589-1596), is a long poem planned in 12 books, of which he finished only 6.iambic feet Spenserian Stanza4. Francis Bacon (father/founder of English essay)the founder of English English materialist philosophyBacon is also famous for his Essays. When it included 58 essays.Bacon is the first English essayist.Chapter 4 Drama7. The PlaywrightsThere was a group of so-called “university wits”(Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Greene, Lodge and Nash).1. LifeThe most gifted of the “university wits” was Ch ristopherMarlowe.2. WorkMarlowe’s best includes three of his plays, Tamburlaine, The Jew of Malta and Doctor Faustus.3. Doctor FaustusMarl owe’s masterpiece is The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.5. Marlowe’s Literary AchievementMarlowe was the greatest of the pioneers of English drama.It is Marlowe who first made blank verse (rhymeless iambic pentameter) the principal instrument of English drama.Chapter 6 Shakespeare1. LifeWilliam Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon.After his death, two of his above-mentioned fellow-actors, Herminge and Condell, collected and published Shakespeare’s plays in 1623. To this edition, which has been known as the First Folio.4. The Great ComediesA Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant o f Venice, As You Like It and Twelfth Night have been called Shakespeare’s “great comedies”.6. The Great TragediesShakespeare created his great tragedies, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth.7. Hamletthe son of the Renaissance9. The Poems1) Venus and Adonis2) The Rape of Lucrece3) Shakespeare’s Sonnets10. Features of Shakespeare’s DramaShakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of the English language.Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance.Part Three: The Period of the English Bourgeois Revolution Chapter 1 The English Revolution and the Restoration5. The Bourgeois Dictatorship and the Restorationin 1688 Glorious Revolution6. The Religious Cloak of the English RevolutionPuritanism was the religious doctrine of the revolutionary bourgeoisie during the English Revolution. It preached thrift, sobriety, hard work and unceasing labour in whatever calling one happened to be, but with no extravagant enjoyment of the fruits of labour.1. Life and WorkParadise Lost, Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.2. Paradise Lost1) Paradise LostParadise Lost is Milton’s masterpiece.blank verse.Chapter 3 Bunyan1. LifeThe Pilgrim’s Progress was published in 1678.2. The Pilgrim’s Progress1)The Pilgrim’s Progress is a religious allegory.Chapter 4 Metaphysical Poets and Cavalier Poetsa school of poets called “Metaphysical” by SamuelJohnson.by mysticism in content and fantasticality in formJohn Donne, the founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry.Chapter 6 Restoration Literature2. John DrydenThe most distinguished literary figure of the Restoration Period was John Dryden.Dryden was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the next century.Part Four: The Eighteenth CenturyChapter 1 The Enlightenment and Classicism in English Literature1. The Enlightenment and 18th Century England2) The Enlightenment in EuropeThe 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe, known as the Enlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism.3) The English EnlighternersThe representatives of the Enlightenment in English literature were Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, the essayists, and Alexander Pope, the poet.Chapter 2 Addison and Steele1. Steele and The T atlerRichard SreeleIn 1709, he started a paper, The Tatler, to enlighten, as well as to entertain, his fellow coffeehouse-goers.His appeal was made to “coffeehouses,”that is to say, tothe middle classes, for whose enlightenment he stood up.“Issac Bickerstaff”2. Addison and The SpectatorThe general purpose is “to enliven morality with wit, and to temper wit with morality.”They ushered in the dawn of modern English novel.Chapter 3 Pope1. LifeAlexander Pope, the most important English poet in the first half of the 18th century.3. Workmanship and LimitationPope was an outstanding enlightener and the greatest English poet of the classical school in the first half of the 18th century.Pope is the most important representative of the English classical poery.But he lacker the lyrical gift.Chapter 4 Swift3. Bickersta f f Almanac (1708)Swift wrote his greatest work Gulliver’s Travels in Ireland.Chapter 5 Defoe and the Rise of the English Novel1. The Rise of the English Novelthe realistic novel: Defoe, Swift, Richardson and FieldingSwift’s world-fa mous novel Gullive r’s Travel sDefoe’s Robinson Crusoe (the forerunner of the English realistic novel)Richardson: Pamela, Clarissa and Sir Charles GrandisonFielding was the real founder of the realistic novel in England.The novel of this period … spoke the truth about life with an uncompromising courage.” The novelists of this periodunderstood that “the job of a novelist was to tell the truth about life as he saw it.” (Ibid.) This explains the achievement of the English novel in the 18th century.4. Robinson Crusoe1) Today Defoe is chiefly remembered as the author of Robinson Crusoe, his masterpiece. Chapter 6 Richardson Samuel RichardsonPamela was, in fact, the first English psycho-analytical novel.After Pamela, Richardson wrote two other novels: Clarissa Harlowe and Sir Charles Grandison.Clarissa is the best of Richardson’s novel.Chapter 7 Fielding (the father of English novel)1. LifeHis first novel Joseph Andrews was published in 1742.His Jonathan Wild appeared in 1743. It is a powerful political satire.In 1749, he finished his great novel Tom Jones.Amelia was his last novel. It is inferior to Tom Jones, but has merits of its own.3. Joseph Andrews4. Tom Jones1) The StoryFielding’s greatest work is The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling.6. Summary2) Fielding as the Founder of the English Realistic NovelAs a novelist, Fielding is very great. He is the founder of the English realistic novel and sets up the theory of realism in literary creation.He has been rightly called the “father of t he English novel.”Chapter 10 Johnson1. LifeSamuel Johnson, lexicographer, critic and poet.2. Johnson’s DictionaryIn 1755 his Dictionary was published.His Dictionary also marked the end of English writers’ reliance on the patronage of noblemen for support.Chapter 13 Sentimentalism and Pre-Romanticism in Poetry1. LifeThomas Gray2. Pre-RomanticismIn the latter half of the 18th century, a new literary movement arose in Europe, called the Romantic Revival.Pre-Romanticism was ushered in by Percy, Macpherson and Chatterton, and represented by Blake and Burns.Chapter 14 Blake1. LifeWilliam Blake2. Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience4. Blake’s Position in English LiteratureFor these reasons, Blake is called a Pre-Romantic or a forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century.Chapter 15 Burns1. LifeHis Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect were printed. (masterpiece)The Scots Musical Museum and Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs2. The Poetry of Burns1) Burns is remembered mainly for his songs written in theScottish dialect on a variety of subjects.3. Features of Burns’ PoetryBurns is the national poet of Scotland.Part Five: Romanticism in EnglandChapter 1 The Romantic Periodthe Industrial Revolution the French RevolutionAmid these social conflicts romanticism arose as a new literary trend. It prevailed in England during the period 1798-1832.These were the elder generation of romanticists, sometimes called escapist romanticists, including Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey, who have also been called the Lake Poets.Active romanticists represented by Byron, Shelley and Keats.The general feature of the works of the romanticists is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society, which finds expression in a revolt against or an escape from the prosaic, sordid daily life, the “prison of the actual” under capitalism.Poetry, of course, is the best medium to express all these sentiments.The only great novelist in this period was Walter Scott.Scott marked the transition from romanticism to the period of realism which followed it. Chapter 2 WordsworthColeridgeIn 1798 they jointly published the Lyrical Ballads.The publication of the Lyrical Ballads marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th century, i.e., with classicism, and the beginning of Romantic revival in England.The Preface of the Lyrical Ballads served as the manifesto of the English Romantic Movement in poetry.Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey have often beenmentioned as the “Lake Poets” because they lived in the Lake District in the northwestern part of England.His deep love for nature runs through such short lyrics as Lines Written in Early Spring, To the Cuckoo, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, My Heart Leaps Up, Intimations of Immortality and Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey. The last is called his “lyrical hymn of thanks to nature”.Wordsworth’s poetry is distinguished by the simplicity and purity of his language.Chapter 3 Coleridge and Southey1. ColeridgeColeridge’s be st poems, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.Chapter 4 Byron1. LifeChilde Harold’s PilgrimageHe finished Childe Harold, wrote his masterpiece Don Juan.2. Childe Harold’s PilgrimageThis long poem contains four cantos. It is written in the Soenserian stanza.3. Don JuanByron remains one of the most popular English poets both at home and abroad.Chapter 5 Shelley4. Promethus UnboundShelley’s masterpiece is Promethus Unbound, a lyrical drama in 4 acts.6. Lyrics on Nature and LoveOde to the West WindChapter 6 Keats2. Long PoemsKeats wrote five long poems: Endymion, Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes, Lamia and Hyperion.5) The unfinished long epic Hyperion has been regarded as Keat’s greatest achievement in poetry.3. Short Poems1) His leading principle is: “Beauty in truth, truth in beauty.”3) Ode to Autumn, Ode on Melancholy, Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode to a NightingaleChapter 10 Scott2. His Historical NovelsScott has been universally regarded as the founder and great master of the historical novel. According to the subjet-matter, the group on the history of Scotland, the group on English history and the group on the history of European countries.In fact, Scott’s literary career marks the transition from romanticism to realism in English literature of the 19th century.Part Six: English Critical RealismChapter 2 DickensCharles Dickens critical realismDickens: Pickwick Papers, American Notes, Martin Chuzzlewit and Oliver Twist4) Dickens has often been compared Shakespeare for creative force and range of invention. “He and Shakespeare are the two unique popular classics that England has given to the world, and they are alike in being remembered not for one masterpiece but for creative world.”David CopperfieldChapter 3 Thackeray2. Vanity Fair: A Novel Without a HeroVanity Fair is Thackeray’s masterpiece. characters: AmeliaSedley and Rebecca (Becky) SharpThackeray can be placed on the same level as Dickens, as one of the greatest critical realists of 19th-century Europe.Chapter 4 Some Women Novelists1. Jane Austen (1775-1817)She herself compared her work to a fine engraving made upon a little piece of ivory only two inches square.Jane Austen wrote 6 novels: Northanger Abbey, Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion.2. The Bronte SistersCharlotte’s maiden attempt at prose writing, the novel Professor, was rejected by the publisher, but her next novel Jane Eyre, appearing in 1847, brought her fame and placed her in the ranks of th e foremost English realistic writers. Emily’s novel Wuthering Heights appeared in 1847. Anne: Agnes Grey4. George EliotMary Ann Evansthree remarkable novels: Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner3) Silas Marner:Critical realism was the main current of English literature in the middle of the19th century.Part Seven: Prose-Writers and Poets of the Mid and Late 19th Century Chapter 1 Carlylethe Victorian AgeChapter 3 Tennysonthe Victorian Age prose especially the novel1. Tennyson’s Life an d CareerAlfred Tennyson, the most important poet of the VictorianAge.In the same year (1850) he was appointed poet laureate in succession to Wordsworth.Chapter 7 Literary Trends at the End of the Century1. NaturalismNaturalism is a literary trend prevailing in Europe, especially in France and Germany, in the second half of the 19th century.2. Neo-RomanticismStevenson was a representative of neo-romanticism in English literature.Treasure Island (masterpiece)3. AestheticismAestheticism began to prevail in Europe at the middle of the 19th century. The theory of “art for art’s sake” was f irst put forward by the French poet Theophile Gautier.The two most important representatives of aestheticists in English literature are Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde.2) Oscar Wilde dramatistLady Windermere’s Fan, 1893; A Woman of No Importance, 1894; An Ideal Husband and The Importance of Being Earnest, 1895The Importance of Being Earnest is his masterpiece in drama.Part Eight: Twentieth Century English Literature(Modernism)Chapter 2 English Novel of Early 20th Century3. Henry JamesHe is regarded as the forerunner of the “stream of consciousness” literature in the 20th century.Chapter 3 Hardy1. Life and WorkAmong his famous novels, Tess of the D’Urbervillies and Jude the Obscure.2. Tess of the D’Urbervilliescharacters: Tess, Alec D’Urbervil lies and Angel ClareChapter 6 Bernard ShawChapter 8 Modernism in Poetry1. ImagismEzra PoundThe two most important English poets of the first half of 20th century are W. B. Yeats and T. S. Eliot.2. W. B. YeatsThe Wild Swans at Coole, Michael Robartes and the Dancer, The Tower and The Winding Stair T. S. E liot has referred to Yeats as “the greatest poet of our age-certainly the greatest in this (i.e. English) langua ge.”3. T. S. EliotThe Waste Land (1922) is dignifying the emergence of Modernism.T. S. Eliot was a leader of the modernist movement in English poetry and a great innovator of verse technique. He profoundly influenced 20th-century English poetry between World Wars 1 and 2.Chapter 9 The Psychological FictionModernist fiction put emphasis on the description of the character’s psychological activities, sometimes has been called modern psychological fiction. One of its pioneers is /doc/cd2113264.html,wrence. 1. D. H. LawrenceSons and Lovers (1913), the first of Lawrence’s important novel s, is largely autobiographical. This shows the influence ofFreud’s theory of psychoanalysis,especially that of the “Oedipus complex.”The Rainbow, Wome n in Love and Lady Chatterley’s Lover3. James JoyceUlysses (1922)June 16, 1904character: Leopold BloomJames Joyce was one of the most original novelists of the 20th century.His masterpiece Ulysses has been called “a modern prose epic”.His admirers h ave praised him as “second only to Shakespeare in his mastery of the English language.”4. Virginia Woolf“high-brows”the Bloomsbury GroupVirginia Wolf’s first two novels, The Voyage Out and Night and Day.Jacob’s Room, Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse and OrlandoPart Nine: Poets and Novelists Who Wrote both before and after the SecondWorld WarChapter 5 E. M. ForsterEdward Morgan Forster the Bloomsbury Groupfour novels: Where Angels Fear to Tread, The Longest Journey,A Room with a View and Howards EndA Passage to India, published in 1924, is Forster’s masterpiece.In 1927, Forster published a book on the theory of fiction, Aspects of the Novel.Chapter 10 William Golding William Gerald GoldingHis first novel Lord of the Flies Chapter 11 Doris Lessing Golden Notebook。

英国文学简史复习资料（整理版）

英国文学简史复习资料（整理版）第一篇：英国文学简史复习资料(整理版)I.Old English Literature & the Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsGeoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400 The father of English poetry.① 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use …heroic couplet‟(双韵体)by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ 声誉之宫II The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry.The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival: 1.new discoveries in geography and astrology 2.the religious reformation and economic expansion 3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists:Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson.William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616① Historical plays: Henry VI 亨利六世;Henry IV : Richard III 查理三世;Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII ②Four Comedies: 皆大欢喜;第十二夜;< A Midsummer Night‟S Dream>仲夏夜之梦;威尼斯商人③Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特;奥赛罗;李尔王;麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually iniambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.⑤the comedy of errors 错中错，Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯，The Taming of the shrew 驯悍记Love's labour's lost（爱的徒劳）Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶Much ado about nothing（无事生非）The merry wives of Windsor.温莎的风流娘们King John 约翰王All's well that ends well 终成眷属Measure for measure（一报还一报）Bacon: Of Studies;Of Beauty;Of Marriage and Single Life English Bourgeois Revolution，学术的推进 III：the period of the English bourgeois ton：1608~1674Paradise Lost;Samson Agonistes(力士参孙);On the morning of Christ’s Nativity，复乐园我的失明论出版自由为英国人民声辩Bunyan: 1628~1688 ①Religionary Allegory:天路历程Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner;the Holy War John Don: the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual,(形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）The Flea;跳蚤Forbbiding Mourning，Songs And Sonnets歌与十四行诗，emergent occasions 突变引起的诚念Hely sonnets IV The 18th Century：EnlightenmentA revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感)and accuracy The Age ofEnlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家 a master satirist。

英国文学简史期末考试复习要点资料

英国文学简史期末考试复习要点一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485）•《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）•《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer)“英国诗歌之父”。

（Father of English Poetry）《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）•托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More ）《乌托邦》（Utopia）•埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser）《仙后》（The Faerie Queene)•弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）《论说文集》（Essays)克里斯托弗·马洛 Christopher Marlowe•《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine）•《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus）•《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta）威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare ）《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet） SONNET18三、17世纪文学约翰·弥尔顿 John Milton《失乐园》（Paradise Lost）•约翰·班扬（John Bunyan）《天路历程》（The Pilgrim’s Progress）四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期）18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。

新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。

亚历山大·蒲柏（Alexander Pope）是新古典主义诗歌的代表。

•乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift《格列佛•丹尼尔·笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父《鲁滨孙漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe）•亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones）•乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift《格列佛游记》Gulliver’s Travels•亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones）托马斯·格雷 Thomas Gray《墓园哀歌》（Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard）五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832）•罗伯特·彭斯 Robert Burns•威廉·布莱克 William Blake•威廉·华兹华斯 William Wordsworth•塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）一. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485)<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homer’s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:ing alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound （头韵）Some examples on P5ing metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。

英国文学史考试要点

1、it is “Beowulf”,the national epic of the English people.《贝奥武夫》（Beowulf），又译贝奥武甫，完成于西元八世纪，约750年左右的英雄叙事长诗，长达3000行。

故事的舞台位于北欧的斯堪的纳维亚半岛。

是以古英语记载的传说中最古老的一篇，在语言学方面也是相当珍贵的文献。

贝奥武夫（Beowulf）乃现存古英文文学中最伟大之作，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。

该诗中并未提及英国，但学者相信该诗约於西元七二五年左右在英国完成。

全诗凡三千一百八十二行，以斯堪地那维亚的英雄贝奥武夫的英勇事迹构成主要内容。

虽然历史上并未证实确有贝奥武夫其人，但诗中所提及的许多其他人物与事迹却得到印证。

Features of “Beowulf”:The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration.Other features of “Beowulf” are the use of metaphors and of understatements.本诗原以西撒克逊方言写成，押头韵而不押尾韵，用双字隐喻而不用明喻。

全诗内容分为两部分：第一部分描叙丹麦霍格国王（King Hrothgurs）宏伟的宫殿，在前后十二年中，半人半魔的妖怪格兰戴（Grendel）每晚出没捉食霍格的战士。

此时恰巧瑞典南部济兹（Geats）王子贝奥武夫率家臣来访，协助除害。

国王当晚设宴款待，熟料妖怪格兰戴又复出现，捉食一名济兹战士，贝奥武夫与之格斗，贝氏扭断其臂，妖怪落荒而逃，因受重伤致死。

第二天晚上，格兰戴的母亲前来为其子复仇，其后贝氏把她在一湖泊的洞穴中杀死。

第二部分描叙贝奥武夫返国，被拥为王，前后五十年，举国大治。

最后贝奥武夫以垂老之年，杀一喷火巨龙，但其个人亦因而身受重创，终於身死。

诗末叙其葬礼，并有挽歌。

刘意青简明英国文学史笔记

刘意青简明英国文学史笔记
【原创实用版】
目录
1.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的概述
2.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的内容特点
3.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的适用对象
4.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的价值和意义
正文
刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记是一款针对英国文学史的复习资料，其目的是帮助学生更好地理解和掌握英国文学史的知识点。

这款笔记的内容非常丰富，不仅梳理了英国文学史的脉络，还总结了各个时期的重要作家、作品和文学现象。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的内容特点主要体现在以下几个方面：首先，这款笔记按照英国文学史的时期划分，从古英语时期到现代英国文学，系统地介绍了英国文学史的发展历程。

每个时期都有详细的作家介绍、作品分析和文学现象解读，让学生对英国文学史有一个全面而系统的认识。

其次，刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记总结了各个时期的重要作家和作品，方便学生查阅和记忆。

每个作家的作品都有详细的简介和分析，让学生能够深入理解作品的主题、形式和艺术特色。

再次，这款笔记还提供了大量的课后习题和答案，帮助学生巩固所学知识点。

每个章节都有对应的复习笔记和课后习题，让学生在复习过程中能够及时检测自己的学习效果，找出自己的薄弱环节进行针对性地加强。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的适用对象主要是英语专业的本科生和研究生，以及准备英国文学史相关考试的学生。

这款笔记的内容详实，
既适合初学者入门学习，也适合有一定基础的学生进行深入研究和复习。

总之，刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记是一款非常有价值的英国文学史学习资料。

它不仅内容丰富，而且条理清晰，能够帮助学生更好地理解和掌握英国文学史的知识点。

英国文学历史发展简介概括

英国文学历史发展简介概括
英国文学的发展历程可以大致分为中世纪文学、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义和现代主义等不同的历史阶段。

中世纪文学时期的作品大多为口头传说，以盎格鲁-撒克逊人为主要背景，这一时期的重要作品包括《贝奥武甫》等。

到了文艺复兴时期，诺曼底人征服英格兰后，封建等级制度得以加强和完备，法国文化占据主导地位，法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。

这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇，流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。

新古典主义时期，资本主义工商业发展较快，市民阶级兴起，英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉，社会各阶层普遍使用英语，为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。

杰弗利·乔叟的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。

到了现代主义时期，战后的英国文学大致呈现从写实到实验和多元的走势。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

1. Analyse the themes and artistic features of Beowulf.themes : The main theme of Beowulf is heroism. This involves far more than physical courage. It also means that the warrior must fulfill his obligations to the group of which he is a key member.artistic features : The most noticeable artistic feature is alliteration. Alliteration is the repetition of initial sounds, usually consonants, or consonant clusters. Alliteration is used off and on in modern poetry but it is an important device in Anglo-Saxon poetry. Another peculiar feature characteristic is the frequent use of kennings, to poetically present the meaning of one single word through a compound simile of two elements. Finally, the general mood and spirit of Anglo-Saxon epic poetry is both solemn and animated.2. Comment on Chaucer’s achievements and contributions with examples from his works.Chaucer learned from both French and Latin poetry and then worked out a unique style for the English poetry. The realism and humanistic concerns demonstrated in his works looked forward to the coming English Renaissance. Because he uses the English of the London dialect to compose poetry, it becomes a literary language, which is a language rich and expressive enough to use for literary purposes. We call the English used and developed by Chaucer and hiscontemporaries Middle English, which was the foundation of modern English. His masterpiece and representative work is The Canterbury Tales.3. Say something about Neoclassicism and its representation in English literature.Neoclassicism was inspired by the rationality, simplicity grandeur of ancient Greece and Rome. These movements were between 18th and 20th centuries. There are many reasons that Neoclassicism happened in British. First, the glorious revolution made the constitutional monarchy was established. Second, there were many conflicts in the religious. Third, deism became a new force.During this time, English literature had many special changes. First English literature show respect for classic writers, especially the Roman. Second, many writers have a new thinking about poems. The poems became more formal and followed more rules.There were many good poets during this time, such as John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift and Johnson.4. Comment on Alexander Pope and his contributions to English poetry.Alexander Pope is the greatest poet of the Augustan age, best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer. His major works are An Essay onCriticism, An Essay on Man, The Rape of the Lock.He was so perfect in heroic couplets that no one can approach him. And in the field of satiric and didactic verse, he was the undisputed master. He popularized the neo-classical literary tradition. He was one of the early representatives of the Enlightenment who introduced into English culture the spirit of rationalism and greater interest in the human world. He represented the highest glory and authority in matters of literary art and made great contributions to the theory and practice of prosody.5. Write an introduction of Shakespeare, his life and his literary achievements.Shakespeare has been and is still one of the greatest playwrights the world has ever had. He was born and raised in Stratford-on-Avon. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer and part owner of a playing company, later known as The King’s Men. After he retired to Stratford in 1610, he still went on writing. He died in 1616. Shakespeare wrote altogether 37 plays and 154 sonnets. His contribution to the development of drama is tremendous. His major works are As You Like It, The Twelfth Night, Hamlet, King Lear and The Winter’s Tale.6. Give a historical review of the Old English Period.In about BC 600 Celts, who inhabited the upper Rhineland, started to migrate to the British Isles, and among them the Britons came to the Isles in BC 400 to BC 300. Later, the Romans invaded the British Isles. After the Romans, the Teutonic or Germanic tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes moved to live in the British Isles.Starting from the late 8th century, the Danes from Scandinavia came plundering the Isles. The greatest historical event that followed was the Norman Conquest of 1066. And gradually the English language entered a new period of its history.。