尚德机构：全国2011年1月自考综合英语(二)试题
综合英语二自考试题及答案
综合英语二自考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of modern communication?A. SpeedB. AccuracyC. UniversalityD. Complexity2. The word "serendipity" is most closely associated with which of the following?A. A type of musical instrumentB. A discovery by accidentC. A historical eventD. A geographical location3. In a sentence, the past perfect tense is used to indicate that an action was completed:A. Before another action in the pastB. At the same time as another action in the pastC. After another action in the pastD. None of the above4. The phrase "break the ice" is commonly used to describe which of the following actions?A. Starting a fireB. Cooling down a heated argumentC. Initiating a conversationD. Halting a conversation abruptly5. Which of the following is the correct superlative form of the adjective "happy"?A. happiestB. most happyC. very happyD. happyest6. The word "quarantine" is often used in the context of:A. A party with a specific themeB. A period of isolation due to health concernsC. A type of military trainingD. A method of preparing food7. "Sustainable development" refers to development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This concept is most closely related to:A. EconomicsB. EcologyC. TechnologyD. Politics8. The correct preposition to use when talking about the time of day is:A. atB. onC. inD. by9. Which of the following is the correct use of the word "irregardless"?A. I will go to the party irregardless of the weather.B. She used the word "irregardless" incorrectly in her essay.C. Irregardless of the difficulties, he continued his research.D. The word "irregardless" is not a real word.10. The phrase "to put all your eggs in one basket" means:A. To take a risk by relying on a single plan or strategyB. To cook many eggs at onceC. To prepare for an Easter celebrationD. To diversify your investments答案：1-5 D B A A A6-10 B A A D A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. The __________ (opposite of 'beginning') of the story was quite predictable.答案：end12. She has a __________ (ability to speak before many people without fear) when giving presentations.答案：confidence13. The __________ (person who takes care of plants) ensures that the garden looks its best all year round.答案：gardener14. The __________ (study of the stars and planets) hasalways fascinated him.答案：astronomy15. The company's __________ (a plan or method for achievinga particular goal) was to increase sales by 20%.答案：strategy16. The __________ (a person who is the first to do something) of the new project was given a bonus by the company.答案：pioneer17. The __________ (a person who is not honest) was caught trying to sell fake jewelry.答案：fraud18. The __________ (a person who is very careful with money) decided to save rather than spend during the sale.答案：miser19. The __________ (a person who is not easily pleased) found fault with every aspect of the service.答案：critic20. The __________ (a person who is always in a hurry) wasthe first to arrive and the last to leave.答案：busybody三、阅读理解（每题3分，共30分）阅读下面的文章，回答问题。
综合英语(二)自考题-3
综合英语(二)自考题-3(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}PART ONE{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}Ⅰ.GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY{{/B}}(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I found my books ______ I had left them.∙ A. that∙ B. which∙ C. where∙ D. when（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 本题考查状语从句。
若选AB，那么后半句为定语从句，修饰books，不符合题意，故排除AB。
若选C，把where带入题中，后半句为where引导的地点状语从句，既符合语法，也符合题意，可以选。
若选D，后半句为when引导的时间状语从句，不符合题意。
2.We are fully ______ of the gravity of the situation.∙ A. realized∙ B. awake∙ C. aware∙ D. awkward（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 本题考查词组be aware of。
be aware of：相当于realize，表示意识到，认识到；B．awake：唤醒，醒来；D．awkward：难堪的，尴尬的。
因此本题只能选B。
3.Don't think you can learn grammatical rules ______ you learn the multiplication tables.∙ A. likely∙ B. like∙ C. alike∙ D. dislike（分数：1.00）A.C.D.解析：[解析] 本题考查句子结构。
通过分析题干可知，句中缺少连词将前后两句连接起来，故可以排除ACD。
题意为：不要以为你们可以像学习乘法口诀表那样学习语法规则。
4.He didn't go to school because he ______ with the flu.∙ A. came down∙ B. came up∙ C. came out∙ D. came over（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] 本题考查有关come的词组。
2011英语二真题及参考答案
2011英语二真题及参考答案作者：佚名来源：本站原创日期：2011-1-16 10:56:32Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden2． A.for B.within C.while D.though3． A.careless wless C.pointless D.helpless4． A.reason B.reminder promise D.proposal5． rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent6． A.by B.into C.from D.over7． A.linked B.directed C.chained pared8． A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9． A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10． A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered11． A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12． A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast 13． A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving peting14． A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15． A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16． A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17． A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually18． A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm19． A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible20． A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forced完形填空参考答案1~5 ACBDD 6~10 BACCB 11~15 DBACA 16~20 ADACDSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals.If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federalclass-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’ssurprise departure, the firm is likely to .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is .[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalTEXT 1 参考答案21．A。
00015自学考试《英语二》2011年1月翻译件
2011年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）II.Cloze Test（10 points,l point each）怎样的女人买衣服吗？几乎在每一个方面，她这样做，相反一个男人的方式。
去商店买东西是不是经常根据需要她从来没有完全下定了决心自己想要的东西，她是“有四处看看。
”她始终是敞开的劝说下，她确实高度重视，售货员告诉她，甚至被同伴告诉她什么，她会尝试许多东西，在她的心中最是思想发现了，大家都认为很适合她相反不少笑话，大多数妇女有一个很好的价值观念，他们买衣服的时候，他们总是在寻找意想不到的讨价还价。
面对一屋子的衣服，一个女人可以很容易地从一个轨道到另一台花一个小时，和她的步骤，然后再选择它是一个艰苦的过程，往往追溯，但显然是愉快的。
11.D 12.A13.C 14.A15.B 16.A17.C 18.D 19.C 20.BIII. Reading Comprehension （30 points,2 points each）大约四十年前，只有5％的3或4岁的美国儿童参加早期教育计划。
今天，大约有三分之二的这个年龄的孩子去幼儿园，托儿所或日托中心的教育方案。
很多教育专家说，这是一个很好的情况。
他们说有某种学前教育的幼儿做的更好，他们上学的时候。
年幼的孩子在幼儿园课程学习颜色和数字。
他们确定共同的对象和英文字母的，以备他们阅读。
他们唱歌，玩游戏，使用数字和地图。
他们学会了合作与老师和其他的孩子。
很多学前班的课程包括活动，帮助幼儿了解他们周围的世界。
例如，孩子们参观的地方，如动物园，博物馆，消防和警察站。
学龄前后，大多数美国孩子上幼儿园，在公立学校。
大多数儿童在5岁左右开始幼儿园。
美国的许多幼儿园都需要技巧的早期教育计划。
因此，没有参加的学前教育计划的儿童可能还没有准备好为幼儿园。
然而，许多家庭没有足够的钱送他们的孩子到私立托儿所或幼儿园。
这些学校一年花费几千美元，作为一所公立大学。
英语二2011年真题及答案
英语二2011年真题及答案2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the exploration of cyber-crime that has __1__ across the Web.Can privacy be preserved __2__ bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly __3__ ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal government a __4__ to make the web a safer place-a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech __5__ of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled __6__ one. The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential __7__ to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to __8__ a federation of private online identity systems. Users could __9__ which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license __10__ by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these "single sign-an" systems that make it possible for users to __11__ just once but use many different services.__12__ , the approach would create a "walled garden" in cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright " streetlights" to establish a sense of a __13__ community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactionswith __14__ , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure ___15___ which the transaction runs. "Still, the administration's plan has ___16___ privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would ___17___ be a compulsory Internet "driver's license" mentality.The plan has also been greeted with ___18__ by some computer security experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet __19__ They argue that all Internet users should be __20__ to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1. [A] swept [B] skipped [C] walked [D] ridden2. [A] for [B] within [C] while [D] though3. [A] careless [B] lawless [C]pointless [D] helpless4. [A] reason [B] reminder [C] compromise [D] proposal5. [A] information [B] interference [C] entertainment [D] equivalent6. [A] by [B] into [C] from [D] over7. [A] linked [B] directed [C] chained [D] compared8. [A] dismiss [B] discover [C] create [D] improve9. [A] recall [B] suggest [C] select [D] realize10. [A] released [B] issued [C] distributed [D] delivered11. [A] carry on [B] linger on [C] set in [D] log in12. [A] In vain [B] In effect [C] In return [D] In contrast13. [A] trusted [B] modernized [C] thriving [D] competing14. [A] caution [B] delight [C] confidence [D] patience15. [A] on [B] after [C] beyond [D] across16. [A] divided [B] disappointed [C] protected [D] united17. [A] frequently [B] incidentally [C] occasionally [D] eventually18. [A] skepticism [B] tolerance [C] indifference [D] enthusiasm19. [A] manageable [B] defendable [C] vulnerable [D] invisible20. [A] invited [B] appointed [C] allowed [D] forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C orD. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs' board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Mrs. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Mrs. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered theirown crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up," leaving riskier, smaller firmsfor larger and more stable firms.But the researches believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news break, even if a review of history shows that they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for __________________.[A] gaining excessive profits[B] failing to fulfill her duty[C] refusing to make compromises[D] leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be __________________.[A] generous investors[B] unbiased executives[C] share price forecasters[D] independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director' s surprise departure, the firm is likely to __________________.[A] become more stable[B] report increased earnings[C] do less well in the stock market[D] perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors __________________.[A] may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B] have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C] are accustomed to stress -free work in the firm[D] will decline incentives from the firm25. The author' s attitude toward the role ofoutside directors is __________________.[A] permissive[B] positive[C] scornful[D] criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America's Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even Americannewspapers, which inhabit the most troubled comer of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation &Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying "Newspapers like…their own doom"(Line 3, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspapers ________________.[A] neglected the sign of crisis[B] failed to get state subsidies[C] were not charitable corporations[D] were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because ________________.[A] readers threatened to pay less[B] newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C] journalists reported little about these areas[D] subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they ________________.[A] have more sources of revenue[B] have more balanced newsrooms[C] are less dependent on advertising[D] are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A] Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B] Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C] Foreign bureaus play a crucial role inthe newspaper business.[D] Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be ________________.[A] American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B] American Newspapers: Gone with the wind[C] American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D] American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War 11 as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was atime of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase "less is more" was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War Ⅱand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.Mie's signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass andlaminated wood -- materials that we take for granted today but that in the1940s symbolized the future. Mies's sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller -- two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet -- than those in their older neighbors along the city's Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings' details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward "less" was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses -- usually around 1,200 square feet -- than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The "Case Study Houses" commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the "less is more" trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life -- few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers -- but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans' ________________.[A] prosperity and growth[B] efficiency and practicality[C] restraint and confidence[D] pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?[A] It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B] Its designing concept was affected by World War I1.[C] Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D] It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design ________________.[A] was related to large space[B] was identified with emptiness[C] was not reliant on abundant decoration[D] was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive?[A] They ignored details and proportions.[B] They were built with materials popular at that time.[C] They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D] They shared some characteristics ofabstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the "Case Study Houses" ?[A] Mechanical devices were widely used.[B] Natural scenes were taken into account.[C] Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D] Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project's greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a singlecurrency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe's single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone's dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonise.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country's voting fights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free - market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A "southern" camp headed by France wants something different: "European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g. , curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world's largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that ________________.[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU's single currency is stuck because the dominant powers ________________.[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem, Germany proposed that ________________.[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting fights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that ________________.[A] poor countries are more likely to get funds[B] strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries[C] loans will be readily available to rich countries[D] rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel[A] pessimistic [B] desperate [C] conceited [D] hopefulPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer thequestions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarettestyle warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald' s.They argue that government action isnecessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking."Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK' s children' s doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Chang4Life campaign, the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticisedthe celebrity chef Jamie Oliver' s high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was not the best way to change their behaviour.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. "If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes-by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events," he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering "inducements" such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said : "Ifchildren are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front. "He also urged councils to impose "fast-food-free zones" around schools and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said:" We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this. "The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.[A] "fat taxes" should be imposed on fast-food producers such asMcDonald's.41．Andrew Lansley held that [B] the government should ban fast-food outlets in the neighborhood of schools.42．Terence Stephenson agreed that [C] "lecturing" was an effective way to improve school lunches in England.43．Jamie Oliver seemed to believe that [D] cigarette-style warning should be introduced to children about the dangers of a poor diet.44．Dinesh Bhugra suggested that [E] the producers of crisps and candies could contribute significantly to the Change4Life camign.45．A Department of Health spokesperson proposed that [F] parents should set good examples for their children by keeping a healthy diet at home.[G] the government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among businesses.Section ⅢTranslation46. Directions:In this section, there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do -- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast datacentres around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.Section ⅣWritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to1) congratulate him/her, and2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1 ) interpret the chart and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 15 points)2011考研英语（二）真题答案1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．A 16．A 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．D 21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．B26．D 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．C 34．D 35．B 36．B 37．C 38．B 39．A 40．D 41．E 42．D 43．C 44．B 45．G。
XX年1月全国自考“综合英语（二）”试题
XX年1月全国自考“综合英语（二）”试题XX年1月全国自考“综合英语(二)”试题I. Complete the sentences with the best choice. Write your correct letter on the Answer Sheet:(30%)1.All flights _________ because of the storm; they decided to take the train. A. having canceled B. have been canceled C. were canceled D. having been canceled2.In writing one should always try to make one’s meaning as clear as possible in _________. A. simple way as possible B. as simple way as possible C. as simple a way as possible D. possible simple way3.He was so careless that he made quite a few mistakes which might _________. A. have avoided B. be avoided C. avoided D. have been avoided4.I _________ you a valuable present for your birthday, butI was short of money at that time. A. liked to give B. would like to give C. liked to have given D. would have liked to give5.I didn’t mean _________ anything, but those appleslooked so good that I couldn’t resist _______one. A. to eat...trying B. eat...to try C. to eat...being tried D. eating...to be tried6.Tom and Ben have _________ again and do not speak to each other. A. fallen in B. fallen through C. fallen out D.fallen behind7.Tony was in plain clothes, watching for a _________ character at London Airport all night. A. suspicious B. suspect C. susceptibleD. doubt8.Charles would quit his job to _________ more respectable employment. A. take up B. take to C. take into D. take over9.The doctor assured her that the pain would _________ in a few days. A. wear off B. die off C. go off D. get off10.Always show your friends that you appreciate what theydo for you. You should never take them _________. A. for granted B. in your stride C. out of habit D. on trust11.Tom’s mother, as well as hi s father, _________ in the city for another two weeks. A. suggests he stays B. suggests he stayC. suggest him to stayD. suggest he stay12.Nowhere _________ the results more clearly than in Europe.A. have we seenB. we have seenC. did we seenD. we saw13.He never hesitates to make _________ criticisms_________ are considered helpful to others. A. such...as B. such...which C. many...as D. many...which14.She is expecting another baby and hopes _________ will bea boy. A. he B. she C. it D. that15.The old lady needs _________ after her shock. A. to fortB. be fortedC. fortingD. fortedⅡ. Cloze:(15%)Complete the passage by putting in the blanks with the correct choice. Write your correct letter on the Answer Sheet: By 1914 Einstein had gained world fame. He aepted the offer to be a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. It was an ideal position. 1 soon this peace and quiet were broken by the First World War. Einstein hated violence. The war and its misery affected him deeply. He lost interest in 2 of his research. Only when peace was finally restored in 19183 to get back to work.It seems remarkable that the in ___ectuals were such ageneral appreciation of Einstein’s genius. At a time one science writer 4 this ment: “The odds are heav ily 5 any man being able to do the work in the field of abstract theory that Einstein is doing. But he has overe these odds two or three times in his lifetime already. If anyone has the right to hope he can solve what to most physicists would seem 6 , he has. He is truly imaginative and original. And he is stubborn enough to hold on to any idea if he thinks it is right, no matter how strange it 7 seemto the rest of us. If he 8 all these qualities, he could never 9 what he 10 or 11 the chance of sueeding in what he 12 .” In 1940 Einstein became an American citizen and 13 the rest of his life in the United States. In 1955, Einstein’s life ended at the age of 76. But all men now live in a 14 world because this simple man of genius gave all of his in ___igence and heart to his fellowman. He lived not to conquer or destroy 15 to understand.1.A. when B. then C. but D. still2.A. much B. many C.little D. few 3.A. he was able B. enabled him C. was he able D. he could 4.A. had done B. made C. did D. had made 5.A. opposed B. objected C. unfavourable D. against 6.A. unobtainable B. undesirable C. unsolved D. unsolvable 7.A. can B. may C. does D. should 8.A. doesn’t have B. didn’t have C. hadn’t had D. haven’t have 9.A. do B. have done C. have had D. have 10.A. has done B. have done C. did D. had done 11.A. had B. has C. have D. have had 12.A. is trying doing B. tries doing C. is trying to do D. has tried to do 13.A. did B. made C. lived D. took 14.A. changed B. changeable C. change D. changing 15.A. but B. nor C. and D. orⅢ. Choose the correct paraphrasing of the following sentences, and write your right letter on the Answer Sheet.(10%)1.It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality. A.Usually, when you go back to your own country, all the symptoms of culture shock disappear. B. Usually a trip back to your own country will relieve you of homesickness. C. Usually when you are back in your own country again, you realize that there are problems there.D. Usually when you return to your own country, you realize how nice it is to be home again.2.I’d have given the rest of my life for a single gulp of water.A. A gulp of water is so expensive that I’d have given the rest of my life to buy it.B. I was so thirsty that I’d given anything to have a single gulp of water.C. During the rest of my life, I would work for a single gulp of water.D. After drinking a gulp of water,I died directly.3.I had deliberately got myself into this jam. A. I chose to be in the crowd—that made me warm. B. I like the fruit so much that I made jam of it and had it everyday. C. My speculation of the position proved wrong, and I had got myself in the trouble. D. I got myself in trouble on purpose.4.How do you do about making a boy into a zero? A. How can you conceal a boy and make him obscure? B. How can you take all the money from the boy? C. How do you set to work at making the boy good for nothing? D. How do you start to make the boy get zero grades?5.Christmas has been mercialized out of its real meaning.A. Christmas has been bought and sold so that it has lost its real meaning.B. People have too much mercial activity on Christmas, and they have bought all the real meaning.C. Christmas became an oasion during which people keep buying too much and they forget its real meaning.D. The merchants are trying to make money out from Christmas so it loses its real meaning.Ⅳ. Translate the following sentences into English, andthen write your sentences on the Answer Sheet:(15%)1.这项工作怎么做并不重要，但要干好。
英语阅读(二)试题 2011-01
全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(二)试题课程代码：00596请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上，全部题目用英文作答(翻译题除外)I. Reading Comprehension (50 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose tile best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneYoung girls and women need to be protected from inducements to smoke. Tobacco is a multinational, multi-billion dollar industry. It is also an industry under threat; one quarter of its customers, in the long-term, have been killed by using its product and smoking is declining in many industrialized countries. To maintain profits, tobacco companies need to ensure that at least 2.7 million new smokers, usually young people, start smoking every year. Women have been clearly identified as a key target group for tobacco advertising in both the industrialized and developing worlds. Billions of US dollars each year are spent on promoting this lethal product specifically to women.This strategy has been highlighted by several tobacco journals which have carried articles on "targeting the female smokers" and suggesting that retailers should “look to the ladies”. Among 20 US magazines that received the most cigarette advertising revenue in 1985, eight were women's magazines. In the same year, a study on the cigarette advertising policies of 53 British women's magazines showed that 64 percent of the magazines accepted cigarette advertising, which represented an average of seven percent of total advertising revenue.Research in industrialized countries has shown the subtle method used to encourage girls to smoke. The impact of such method is likely to be even greater in developing countries, where young people are generally less knowledgeable about smoking hazards and may be more attracted by glamorous, affluent, desirable images of the female smoker. This is why World Health Organization (WHO), together with other national and international health agencies, has repeatedly called for national legislation banning all forms of tobacco promotion, and for an appropriate "high price" policy which would slow down the “enthusiasm” of young women for tobacco consumption.Young girls and women have a right to be informed about the damage that smoking can do to their health. They also need to acquire skills to resist pressure to start smoking or to give it up. Several countries have developed integrated school health education programs which have successfully reduced girls' smoking rates, but this education should not be restricted to what happens in school. There are many other examples of effective cessation programs in the workplace and primary health centers. Unfortunately, many women do not have the opportunity to be involved in such programs, and programs have generally been less successful with women than with men.In order for women to become, and remain, non-smokers they need support. Environments need to be created which enable them to break free of this health damaging behavior, to make the healthy choices the best choices.Questions 1-5 are based on Passage One.1. In paragraph one, why does the author say that the tobacco industry is under threat?A. There are fewer smokers in the industrialized world.B. The government is exerting stricter regulations.C. Anti-smoking campaigns are on the rise.D. It is constantly being sued.2. According to the passage, in order to guarantee profit, the tobacco industry needs to ______.A. use their advertising money more wiselyB. enrich its varieties to attract people of all agesC. counteract the influence of anti-smoking campaignsD. get millions more people to take up smoking every year3. “This strategy” in paragraph two refers to ______.A. producing cigarettes appealing to womenB. promoting tobacco specially to womenC. inviting celebrities to endorse cigarettesD. advertising mainly in best-selling women's magazines4. What can we learn about young people in developing countries?A. They can hardly afford cigarettes.B. They read many cigarette advertisements.C. They seldom smoke imported cigarettes.D. They are less informed of smoking hazards.5. Which of the following is true of the cessation programs mentioned in paragraph four?A. They have reached their goals sooner than planned.B. They have operated more successfully on campus.C. They have produced better results with male smokers.D. They have gained greater popularity in developing countries.Passage TwoAny discussion of English conversation, like any English conversation, must begin with The Weather. And in this spirit of observing traditional protocol, I shall quote Dr Johnson's famous comment that "When two English meet, their first talk is of the weather", and point out that this observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago.This, however, is the point at which most commentators either stop, or try, and fail, to come up with a convincing explanation for the English “obsession” with the weather. They fail because their premise is mistaken: they assume that our conversations about the weather are conversations about the weather. In other words, they assume that we talk about the weather because we have a keen interest in the subject. Most of them then try to figure out what it is about the English weather that is so fascinating.Bill Bryson, for example, concludes that the English weather is not at all fascinating, and presumably that ou r obsession with it is therefore inexplicable: “To an outsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it. All those phenomena that elsewhere give nature an edge of excitement, unpredictability and danger - tornados, monsoons, hailstorms –are almost wholly unknown in the British Isles.”Jeremy Paxman takes offence at Bryson's dismissive comments and argues that the English weather is intrinsically fascinating:Bryson misses the point. The interest is less in the phenomenathemselves, but in uncertainty… one of the few things you can say aboutEngland with absolute certainty is that it has a lot of weather. It may notinclude tropical cyclones but life at the edge of an ocean and the edge ofa continent means you can never be entirely sure what you're going to get.My research has convinced me that both Bryson and Paxman are missing the point, which is that our conversations about the weather are not really about the weather at all: English weather-speak is a form of code, evolved to help us overcome our natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows, for example, that “Nice day, isn't it?”, “Ooh, isn't it cold?”; and other variations on the theme are not requests for meteorological data: they are ritual greetings or conversation-starters. In other words, English weather-speak is a form of “grooming talk” - the human equivalent of what is known as “social grooming” among our primat e cousins, where they spend hours grooming each other's fur, even when they are perfectly clean, as a means of social bonding.Questions 6-10 are based on Passage Two.6. According to the author, most commentators' explanations for the English love for weather talk are ______.A. misleadingB. incorrectC. absurdD. biased7. As is stated in the passage, most commentators try to find out ______.A. why the English weather is so uniqueB. whether the English enjoy their weatherC. why the English are keen on the topic of weatherD. whether the English really talk about weather when they do so8. In Bill Bryson's opinion, the English obsession with their weather is ______.A. interestingB. unjustifiedC. exaggeratedD. understandable9. Disapproving of Bill Bryson's opinion, Jeremy Paxman argues that ______.A. the English talk about their weather because it is unpredictableB. the English don't talk about weather as often as the outsiders thinkC. the English weather can be as exciting as anywhere else'sD. the English weather talk is merely a form of small talk10. According to the author, English weather-speak is similar to primates' social grooming in that they are both ______.A. ways of greetingB. means of social bondingC. fascinating topics for anthropologistsD. inexplicable phenomena to outsidersPassage ThreeAdd CO2 to the atmosphere, and the climate will get warmer - that much is well established. But climate change and carbon aren't in a one-to-one relationship. If they were, climate modeling would be a cinch. How much the globe will warm if we put a certain amount of CO2 into the air depends on the sensitivity of the climate. How vulnerable is the polar sea ice; how rapidly might the Amazon dry up; how fast could the Greenland ice cap disintegrate? That’s why models like those from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change spit out a range of predictions for future warming, rather than a single neat number.One of the biggest questions in climate sensitivity has been the role of low-level cloud cover. Low-altitude clouds reflect some of the sun's radiation back into the atmosphere, cooling the earth. It's not yet known whether global warming will dissipate clouds, which would effectively speed up the process of climate change, or increase cloud cover, which would slow it down.But a new study published in the July 24 issue of Science is clearing the haze. A group of researchers from the University of Miami studied cloud data of the northeast Pacific Ocean over the past 50 years and combined that with climate models. They found that low-level clouds tend to dissipate as the ocean warms - which means a warmer world could well have less cloud cover. “That would create positive feedback, a reinforcing cycle that continues to warm the climate,” says Amy Clement, the leading author of the Science study.The data showed that as the Pacific Ocean has warmed over the past several decades - part of the gradual process of global warming-low-level cloud cover has lessened. That might be due to the fact that as the earth's surface warms, the atmosphere becomes more unstable and draws up water vapor from low altitudes to form deep clouds high in the sky. (Those types of high - altitude clouds don’t have the same cooling effect.) The Science study also found that as the oceans warmed, the trade winds - the easterly surface winds that blow near the equator - weakened, which further dissipated the low clouds. The question now is whether this process will continue in the future, as the world keeps warming.Questions 11-15 are based on Passage Three.11. We can learn from paragraph one that climate models ______.A. can only give a broad picture instead of detailed dataB. become easier to establish with current technologyC. leave much for improvement in terms of accuracyD. fail to predict some climate changes12. What is true of low-level cloud cover according to the passage?A. It is rather sensitive to temperature changes.B. It has a cooling effect on the earth surface.C. It functions more effectively in warmer areas.D. It is more often than not neglected in climate modeling.13. The word “haze” in paragraph three is closest in meaning to ______.A. mistB. puzzleC. solutionD. misunderstanding14. “Positive feedback” in paragraph three refers to ______.A. predictable climate patterns relating to calculable cloud volumeB. the thickening cloud cover, cooling down the earth surfaceC. the reinforcing effect of cooler cloud temperature on regional climateD. a warmer climate resulting in less cloud cover, which in turn warms the climate15. The lessening of low-level cloud cover over the Pacific Ocean may be caused by ______.A. more trade winds in this regionB. the climate change around the equatorC. less water vapor at low altitudeD. the unstable air pressure over the oceanPassage FourOn a hot summer's day many years ago, I was on my way to pick up two items at thesupermarket. I was then a frequent visitor to it because there never seemed to be enough money for a whole week's food-shopping at once.My wife, after a tragic battle with cancer, had died just a few months earlier. There was no insurance -just many expenses and a mountain of bills. I held a part-time job, which barely generated enough money to feed my two young children. Things were really bad.And so, with a heavy heart and four dollars in my pocket, I was on my way to the supermarket to purchase a gallon of milk and a loaf of bread. The children were hungry and I had to get them something to eat. As I came to a red traffic light, I noticed on my right a young couple and a child on the grass next to the road. The noonday sun beat down on them without mercy.The man held up a sign which read, “Will Work for Food.” The woman stood next to him, staring at the cars stopped at the red light. The child sat on the grass holding a one-armed doll. I noticed all this before the light changed to green.I wanted so desperately to give them a few dollars, but if I did that, there wouldn’t be enough left to buy the food for my kids. Four dollars will only go so far. As the light changed, I took one last glance at them and sped off feeling both guilty and sad.As I kept driving, I couldn't get the picture of them out of my mind. The sad, haunting eyes of the young couple stayed with me for about a mile. I could take it no longer. I felt their pain and had to do something about it. I turned around and drove back to where I had last seen them.I pulled up close to them and handed the man two of my four dollars. There were tears in his eyes as he thanked me. I smiled and drove on to the supermarket. Perhaps both milk and bread would be on sale, I thought. And what if I only got milk alone, or just the bread? Well, it would have to do.Questions 16-20 are based on Passage Four.16. What can we learn from the passage?A. The author went to the supermarket once a week.B. The author went to the supermarket several times a week.C. The author knew that milk and bread are the kids' favorite food.D. The author would buy a whole week's food every time he went shopping.17. Why did the young man stand under the burning sun at noon?A. He wanted to stop the cars for food.B. He wanted to beg for money.C. He wanted to find an odd job.D. He wanted to take a ride.18. The “one-armed doll” in paragraph four is most probably meant to indicate that ______.A. the child had a loving and caring heartB. the doll had accompanied the child for yearsC. the child was violent and mean to the dollD. the family was too poor to afford a presentable toy19. Why did the author decide to give the couple two dollars?A. He just couldn't ignore their pains and sufferings.B. He knew they would thank him for being so kind.C. He believed they needed the money as much as he did.D. He learned that both milk and bread were on sale that day.20. Which of the following can best describe the author?A. He was poor but sympathetic.B. He was jobless and penniless.C. He was mean and merciless.D. He was down but not out.Passage FiveModern humans emerged some 250,000 years ago, yet agriculture is a fairly recent invention, only about 10,000 years old. Many crop plants are rather new additions to our diet: broccoli (a flowering mutant of kale) is thought to be only 500 years old. Most innovation is far more recent still. Although Austrian monk Gregor Mendel's pea plant experiments quietly laid the basic foundations of genetics in the mid-19th century, his work was rediscovered and applied to crop breeding only at the beginning of the 20th century.Further advances have steadily accumulated. The 1940s saw the identification of DNA as genetic material and the adoption, by commercial breeders, of genetic modification - typically by applying chemicals or radiation to DNA to try to make plants with advantageous characteristics. The modifications ultimately led to the green revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, during which time global wheat yields tripled. The 1980s and 1990s saw the commercial adoption of agricultural biotechnology, which has allowed breeders to introduce specific genes into crops from the same or different species. In 2004 the first plant genome was fully sequenced, and since then the number of plant gene sequences in GenBank, the public repository for gene sequence information, has been doubling every two years. Our knowledge is increasing exponentially, as it has been in other fields such as semiconductors and cellular telephony.Our challenge is to increase agricultural yields while decreasing the use of fertilizer, water, fossil fuels and other negative environmental inputs. Embracing human ingenuity and innovation seems the most likely path. Plants did not evolve to serve humans, and their sets of genes are incomplete for our purposes. The integral role of modifying genes is obvious to all breeders, though sometimes painfully absent from the public's understanding of how modern agriculture succeeds. All breeding techniques, from before Mendel's time until today, exploit modifications to plant DNA. These modifications can take the form of mistakes or mutations that occur during natural cell division in the wild; the natural but random movement of DNA sequences from one part of a plant's genome to another; or the more precise insertion of known gene sequences using biotechnology. In all these cases, plant genes are moved within or across species, creating novel combinations. Hybrid genetics - the combination of different versions of the same gene –has resulted in spectacular yield increases. Largely as the consequence of using hybrid seed varieties, corn yields in the U.S. have increased more than 500 percent in the past 70 years.Questions 21-25 are based on Passage Five.21. Which statement is correct according to paragraph one?A. Broccoli was first bred by Mendel.B. Broccoli wasn’t considered edible until 500 years ago.C. Mendel's work was considered most important in the history of genetics.D. Mendel’s study found its major application some 100 years ago.22. What was cited as a result of the green revolution?A. Sharp rise in worldwide wheat production.B. Extensive use of organic fertilizer.C. Large-scale adoption of genetic modification.D. Commercial success of genetically modified seeds.23. Which statement is true of GenBank according to the passage?A. The number of gene sequences has doubled since its foundation.B. The commercial breeders are its main sponsors.C. It is a genetic sequence database.D. It was founded in 2004.24. It can be learned from the passage that the significance of genetic modification is ______.A. questioned by some criticsB. poorly conveyed to the publicC. appreciated by all breedersD. fully understood only by scientists25. The word “novel” in paragraph three is closest in meaning to ______.A. artificialB. variousC. hybridD. newII. V ocabulary (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet.The number of violent teens has grown in recent years, even as the population of teenagers has contracted. But the teen population has bottomed out and is now on the upswing. If current rates of offending remain unchanged, the number of teens who commit murder and other serious violent crimes shall increase, if only because of the demographic turnaround in the population at risk. However, given the worsening conditions in which children are being raised, given the breakdown of all our institutions as well as of our cultural norms, given our wholesale disinvestment in youth, our nation faces the grim prospect of a future wave of juvenile violence that may make the coming years look like “the good old days”.The hopeful news is that there is still time to stem the tide - to prevent the next wave of youth crime. But we must act now - by reinvesting in schools, recreation, job training, support for families, and mentoring. We must act now while this baby-boomerang generation is still young and impressionable, and will be impressed with what a teacher, a preacher, or some other authority figures has to say. If we wait until these children reach their teenage years and the next crime wave is upon us, it may be too late to do much about it.The challenge for the future, therefore, is how best to deal with youth violence. Unfortunately, we are obsessed with quick and easy solutions that will not work, such as the wholesale transfer of juveniles to the jurisdiction of the adult court, parental responsibility laws, midnight curfews, the V-chip, boot camps, three strikes, even caning and capital punishment, at the expense of long-term and difficult solutions that will work, such as providing young children with strong, positive role models, quality schools, and recreation programs.26. reduced in size (Para. 1)27. increase (Para. 1)28. the failure of a system (Para. 1)29. unpleasant and depressing (Para. 1)30. prevent something from spreading or developing (Para. 2)31. easily influenced (Para. 2)32. act or operate effectively (Para. 3)33. regulation requiring a person to be home at a certain prescribed time (Para. 3)34. involving the loss of life (Para. 3)35. activity people do for pleasure (Para. 3)III. Summarization (20 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraphs is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.Paragraph OneDesertification, drought, and despair - that's what global warming has in store for much of Africa. Or so we hear. Emerging evidence is painting a very different scenario, one in which rising temperatures could benefit millions of Africans in the driest parts of the continent. The Sahara desert and surrounding regions are greening due to increasing rainfall.36. Sahara desert turns g thanks to more rain.Paragraph TwoHappiness research suggests that neither very good events nor very bad events seem to change people's happiness much in the long term. Most people, it seems, revert back to some kind of baseline happiness level within a couple of years of even the most devastating events, like the death of a spouse or loss of limbs.37. For the majority, there seems to be a b for happiness level.Paragraph ThreeDaylight saving time began in the United States during World War I, primarily to save fuel by reducing the need to use artificial lighting. Although some states and communities observed daylight saving time between the wars, it was not observed nationally again until World War II. 38. Daylight saving time in the U. S. reduced e consumption.Paragraph FourIn the movie, the principal character, Leonard, can remember everything that happened before his head injury on the night his wife was attacked, but anyone he meets or anything he has done since that fateful night simply vanishes. He has lost the ability to convert short-term memory into long-term memory.39. Leonard’s head injury has r in his loss of long-term memory.Paragraph FiveWell-intentioned parents have unwittingly left their kids defenseless against failure. The current generation of millennials (born between 1980 and 2001) grew up playing sports where scores an d performance were downplayed because “everyone’s a winner”. And their report cards had more positive spin than an AIG press release.40. Today's children have been poorly p for failure.Paragraph SixThe harp seal mom nurses her pup on 48% fat seal milk continuously for 12 days without eating. Her pup will gain an average of 2.3 kg per day during this 12-day nursing period, while mom herself will lose about 3.2 kg per day.41. The harp seal mom's significant w loss during nursing.Paragraph SevenToday roughly 17% of American kids and teens are obese, and parents cite obesity as a top concern for their children's health. Yet with so many other overweight kids in the class, it appears that parents can't recognize - or admit it to themselves - when their child is too heavy.42. Parents may f to realize it when their children are overweight.Paragraph EightIn the 1990s, the Environmental Protection Agency shut down thousands of leaky landfills, building larger ones with stricter environmental controls. Which means that if you do live near one, it's likely to be a whopper: There were 8,000 landfills in the United States in 1988, and there are fewer than 2,000 today.43. The n of landfills has decreased.Paragraph NineThe benefits of quitting smoking - reduced risk of cancer and many other health problems - are known. But for millions of smokers, the calming effect of a cigarette can be reason enough to start up again. Studies have found, however, that in reality, lighting up has the opposite effect, causing long-term stress levels to rise, not fall.44. Smoking may well cause rather than r stress.Paragraph TenSome experts estimate that youngsters are bombarded with 10,000 food commercials each year during children's programming, and most of them aren’t promoting salads or fruit. All this marketing changes children’s taste preferences and causes them to crave - and beg for - unhealthy foods.45. Food commercials are largely r for children's unhealthy eating habits.IV. Translation (20 points, 4 points for each)Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chinese version on your Answer Sheet.Let’s take the orthodox definition of the word bargain. It is something offered at a low and advantageous price. It is an opportunity to buy something at a lower price than it is really worth.46. A more recent definition is: a bargain is a dirty trick to extort money from the pockets of silly and innocent people.I have never attended a large company's board meeting in my life, but I feel certain that discussion often takes the following lines. The cost of producing a new - for example - toothpaste would make 80p the decent price for it, so we will market it at ￡1.20. 47. It is not a bad toothpaste (not specially good either, but not bad), and as people like to try new things it will sell well to start with; but the attraction of novelty soon fades, so sales will fall. When that starts to happen we will reduce the price to ￡1.15. And we will rush to buy it even though it still costs forty-three percent more than its fair price.Sometimes it is not 5p OFF but 1p OFF. What breathtaking impertinence to advertise 1p OFF your soap or washing powder or dog food or whatever. Even the poorest old-age pensioner ought to regard this as an insult, but he doesn’t. A bargain must not be missed. 48. To be offered a “gift” of one penny is like being invited to dinner and offered one single pea (tastily cooked), and nothing else. Even if it represented a real reduction it would be an insult. Still, people say, one has to have washing powder (or whatever) and one might as well buy it a penny cheaper.The real danger starts when utterly unnecessary things become “bargains”. There is a huge number who just cannot resist bargains and sales. Provided they think they are getting a bargain they will buy clothes they will never wear, furniture they have no space for. Old ladies will buy roller-skates and nonsmokers will buy pipe-cleaners.49. Quite a few people actually believe that they make money on such bargains. Some people buy in bulk because it is cheaper. At certain moments New Zealand lamb chops may be 3p cheaper。
全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题-自学考试.doc
全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题-自学考试全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题。
第1页：第1部分第2页：第2部分第3页：第3部分第4页：第4部分第5页：第5部分第6页：第6、7部分全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题课程代码：00795请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I.语法、词汇。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个正确答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。
(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswitht hemostlikelyanswer.(15points)1.Chinais_______oldcountrywith_______longhistory.A.an,aB.an,theC.the,aD.the,/2.Wecouldnotseethemoon,foracloudcame_______.A.atbetweenB.inbetweenC.forbetweenD.onbetween3.Weallthinkofyouasthemostsuitableoneto_______thework.A.takeadvantageofB.takecareofC.takechargeofD.takein4.Someofthehotelsinourdistrictaretooexpens iveforordinarypeopleto_______foranight.A.stayatB.stayupC.stayofD.stayaway5.ItmustbeJohn.Whoelsewould_____hedoes?A.workhardasB.beworkingashardasC.doharderworkthanD.workharderthan6.Hishealthhasbegunto______nowthatheisold.A.declineB.decreaseC.declareD.defeat7.Leaveatonce_______I’llbeatyou.A.andB.orC.howeverD.but8.“Whydidn’tyoutellmethisbefore?”“I_______butIdidn’thavethechance.”A.wouldB.wouldhaveC.wouldratherD.could9.Thelinewasbusy.Someone_______thetelephone.A.mustbeusingB.mustuseC.musthavebeenusingD.shouldhavebeenusing10.Thebossurgedhisworkers_______.A.awayB.offC.upD.on11.Iknowyouwillnotletme_______.A.inB.upC.downD.out12.Occasionallysheandherhusband_______rideintothecountryforapicnic.A.couldB.mustC.wouldD.should13.Ifyoubuytwobooks,you’llgetanotherone_______A.thrownawayB.thrownoffC.thrownupD.thrownin14.As_______health,IhavenothingusefultosayasIhavelittleexperienceofillness.A.regardsB.regardC.regardlessD.regarding15.ThetotaleffectofEdison’scareer_____thesumofallofhisinventions.A.excelsB.succeedsC.affectsD.surpasses1234567。
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尚德机构：全国2011年1月自考综合英语（二）试题全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试综合英语（二）试题课程代码：00795请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I．语法、词汇。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个正确答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。
(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. (15 points)1. China is _______ old country with _______ long history.A. an, aB. an, theC. the, aD. the,/2. We could not see the moon, for a cloud came _______.A. at betweenB. in betweenC. for betweenD. on between3. We all think of you as the most suitable one to _______ the work.A. take advantage ofB. take care ofC. take charge ofD. take in4. Some of the hotels in our district are too expensive for ordinary people to _______ for a night.A. stay atB. stay upC. stay ofD. stay away5. It must be John. Who else would _____ he does?A. work hard asB. be working as hard asC. do harder work thanD. work harder than6. His health has begun to ______ now that he is old.A. declineB. decreaseC. declareD. defeat7. Leave at once _______ I’ll beat you.A. andB. orC. howeverD. but8. “Why didn’t you tell me this before？”“I _______ but I didn’t have the chance.”A. wouldB. would haveC. would ratherD. could9. The line was busy. Someone _______ the telephone.A. must be usingB. must useC. must have been usingD. should have been using10. The boss urged his workers _______.A. awayB. offC. upD. on11. I know you will not let me _______.A. inB. upC. downD. out12. Occasionally she and her husband _______ ride into the country for a picnic.A. couldB. mustC. wouldD. should13. If you buy two books, you’ll get another one _______A. thrown awayB. thrown offC. thrown upD. thrown in14. As _______ health, I have nothing useful to say as I have little experience of illness.A. regardsB. regardC. regardlessD. regarding15. The total effect of Edison’s career _____ the sum of all of his inventions.A. excelsB. succeedsC. affectsD. surpassesII．完形填空。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个正确答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。
(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)Fill in each blank in the passage with the most likely answer. (15 points)Jenna, a popular girl from Westwood Middle School, had graduated first in her class and was ready for new 16 in high school. However, high school was different. In the first week, Jenna went to tryouts(选拔赛)for cheerleaders(拉拉队队员). She was competing against very talented girls, and she knew it would be 17 for her to be selected. Two hours later, the 18 read a list of the girls for a second tryout. Her heart 19 as the list ended without her name. Feeling 20 , she walked home carrying her schoolbag full of homework.Arriving home, she started with math. She had always been a good math student, but now she was 21 . She moved on to English and history, and was relieved to find that she didn’t have any trouble with those subjects. Feeling better, she decided not to 22 math for the time being.The next day Jenna went to see Mrs. Biden about being on the school 23 . Mrs. Bidenwasn’t as 24 as Jenna. “I’m sorry, but we have enough writers for the newspaper already. Come back next year and we’ll talk then.”Jenna smiled 25 and left. “Why is high school so 26 ?”she sighed.Later in 27 class, Jenna devoted herself to figuring out the problems that had given her so much 28 . By the end of class, she understood how to get them right. As she gathered her books, Jenna decided she’d continue to try to fit in at her new school. S he wasn’t sure if she’d succeed, but she knew she had to 29 . High school was just as her mom had said: “You will feel like a small fish in a big pond 30 a big fish in a small pond. The challenge is to become the best fish you can be.”16. A. processes B. decision C. challenges D. exercises17. A. difficult B. easy C. boring D. interesting18. A. editor B. boss C. candidate D. judge19. A. jumped B. sank C. stopped D. raced20. A. strange B. happy C. awful D. lonely21. A. struggling B. improving C. working D. complaining22. A. put up B. prepare for C. worry about D. give up23. A. committee B. newspaper C. radio D. team24. A. enthusiastic B. artistic C. sympathetic D. realistic25. A. widely B. weakly C. excitedly D. brightly26. A. similar B. ordinary C. different D. familiar27. A. physics B. history C. English D. math28. A. pleasure B. hope C. trouble D. sorrow29. A. swim B. try C. ask D. escape30. A. in return for B. in case of C. in terms of D. instead ofIII．难句释义。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个正确答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。
(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)Choose the closest paraphrased version for each of the sentences or italicized parts. (10points)31. Our passion to understand the universe and our compassion for others jointly provide the chief hope for the human race.A. People’s enthusiasm about the universe and their profound sympathy for others are considered the two major hopes of the human race.B. The hope for the human race lies mainly in our enthusiasm about the universe and our profound sympathy for others.C. The hope of the human race refers to either people’s enthusiasm about the universe or people’s profound sympathy for others.D. The hope for the human race lies mainly in either our enthusiasm about the universe or our profound sympathy for others.32. Once you turn over a new leaf, you can’t expect to change completely right away.A. You read a book from the first page.B. You change your ways for the better.C. You pick a fresh leaf from the tree.D. You start doing something new.33. You no longer need to make mental conversions of the country’s money.A. You needn’t change the country’s money to your country’s money in mind because you have adjusted to live in that country.B. You needn’t change the country’s money to your country’s money in mind because you no longer return it.C. You needn’t change the country’s money to your country’s money in mind because you can’t calculate it.D. You needn’t change the country’s money to your country’s money in mind because you have tried to do that.34. Romance is the privilege of the rich, not the profession of the unemployed.A. A rich person who doesn’t have a job can still have the right to fall in love.B. Only rich people have the right to fall in love, while those who are poor and out of work don’t have that right.C. Rich as a person is, if he loses his job, he doesn’t have the right to fall in love.D. Poor as a person is, if he is not out of work, he still has the right to fall in love.35. She felt well enough to be up and about.A. She felt that she could stand up and walk around the house.B. She felt she has recovered from illness.C. She felt well enough to do anything.D. She felt well enough to go everywhere.36. Courtesy is often nothing than a highly developed sense of fair play.A. Courtesy is not a highly developed sense of fair play.B. Courtesy is more than a highly developed sense of fair play.C. Courtesy is just a highly developed sense of fair play.D. Courtesy is more important than fair play.37. They wouldn’t let you down in a crisis.A. They wouldn’t leave you alone in times of difficulty.B. They wouldn’t disappoint you in times of difficulty.C. They wouldn’t stay with you to cope with difficulty.D. They would do whatever they could to help you.38. The beauty of our country is as hard to define as it is easy to enjoy.A. The beauty of our country is easy to appreciate but difficult to describe.B. The beauty of our country is impossible to understand and depict.C. The word beauty is hard to define.D. The beauty of our country is noticeable, so it’s easy to describe it.39. Since I attained a little fame I have on occasion been addressed by strangers.A. Since I became a little famous, some strangers have occasionally visited me.B. Because I obtained a little fame, some strangers have occasionally visited me.C. Since I became somewhat famous, some strangers have occasionally asked me about my address.D. Since I became somewhat famous, some strangers would come up to talk to me from time to time.40. …you can take up just where you left off.A . …you can continue just at where you stopped.B. …you can begin just what you have left.C. …you can take just what you have left.D. …you can go on just which you left.Ⅳ．阅读理解。