初中被动语态专题
被动语态(Passive Voice)
学习目标: 掌握被动语态结构以及时态变换
导入：
举例把字句和被字句
他把门打开了。
门被打开了。
哪个是动作的执行者，哪个是动作的承受者
学前自测（发现考点）
( )1. Don't worry. Your package ____ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.
A. has kept
B. will keep
C. has been kept
D. will be kept ( )2. John ___ to come to the teacher's office just now. He may be in trouble.
A. was told
B. told
C. has told
D. tells
( )3. —I haven't seen John for many years. How's he going?
—He broke the law and ____ to prison 2 years ago.
A. has sent
B. were sent
C. was sent
D. was sending
( )4. —Where are your dogs, Mickey? —The dogs ____ to the pet centre last week.
A. is sent
B. was sent
C. are sent
D. were sent
( )5. Some beautiful flowers ____ to her daughter on her last birthday.
A. are given
B. are giving
C. were given
D. were giving ( )6. —It's difficult for the village children to cross the river to school.
—I agree with you. I think a bridge ____ over the river.
A. will build
B. is built
C. should be built
D. was built
( )7. Mr Green ____ 2 minutes to think about the final decision.
A. gives
B. gave
C. was given
D. will give
( )8. —Sandy __ to be hard-working by her parents. —So am I.
A. asks
B. is asking
C. asked
D. is asked
( )9. I wonder if the talent show ___ next month. If they ____ it, I must get ready for it.
A. will hold; hold
B. will hold; will hold
C. will be held; hold
D. is held; will hold ( )10. The garden ____ while the Greens were away from home.
A. took good care of
B. was taken good care of
C. taken good care of
D. was taking good care
学前自测
1-5 DACDC 6-10 CCDCB
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
他把门打开了。____________________________________
门被打开了。____________________________________
主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。
所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。
二．被动语态的句法功能
1. 当不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
Japanese is taught in that school.
Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。
2. 当需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。
Her book will be brought tomorrow morning.
3. 说话或发表意见时,为了显得客观公正,也常用被动语态。常用句型:
It is said that…据说……
It is reported that…据报道……
It is hoped that…希望……
It is believed that…人们相信……
It is said that Japan’s industrial progress after the war was very remarkable.据说战后日本的工业进步非常显著。主动变被动语态的小技巧:
He can carry the basket. →The basket can be carried by him.
They can sing some beautiful songs. →Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.
总结：上面例句的小规律：
△主动语态变为被动语态的方法：
1. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2. 把谓语动词变为被动结构(be+过去分词),注意虽然其人称和数随主语的变化而变化,但动词的时态保持不变。
3. 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语,若主语是人称代词,则把主格变为宾语(by 短语可以省略)。
记忆歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
主动语态：主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语
（执行者）（承受者）
被动语态：主语+ be + 过去分词（+ by + 执行者）（执行者）一般省略
【例题精讲】
例1.Children (not allow) to play frightening games.
例2.The Great Wall (know) by people all over the world.
例3.All the buildings (turn) into hospitals recently.
例4.How long can these magazines (keep)?
Keys:1.aren’t allowed 2.is known 3.have been turned 4.be kept
【课堂练习】
提高题：
1. The vegetables (plant) in the fields next week.
2. The soldier was very ill when he (operate) on by Dr. Bethune.
3. The password of your email box should (memorize). .
4. Liquids can (turn) into gases if their temperatures (make) hot enough.
5. The next morning they (find) that some trees (blow) down during the night. Keys:1.will be plated 2.was operated 3.be memorized 4.turn,are made 5.will find ,will be blown
三、被动语态的构成
观察下列句子，总结变化规律
The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天被打扫。
The dumplings were made yesterday. 饺子是昨天包的。
The room is being cleaned now. 现在房间正在被打扫。
The two roads had been built by the end of last month. 到上个月末为止,两条公路被建成了。
A new hospital will be built next year. 明年一个新的医院将被建成。
Mike said a new film would be shown. 迈克说一部新电影将上映。
The work must be finished on time. 必须按时完成这项工作。
被动语态的基本结构：____________________
各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do为例）
时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/does
一般过去时did
现在进行时am/is/are +doing
现在完成时have/has +done
一般将来时will/shall/be going to +do
过去进行时was/were +doing
过去完成时had + done
过去将来时would/should/be going to+ do
含有情态动词can/may/must/have to +do
★小试身手★
请用下面括号内单词的适当形式填空：
1) A speech _______________________ (give) this afternoon.
2)The classroom_______________________ (clean) every day.
3)Some effective measures _______________________ (take) since last year.
4)My mother’s favorite vase_______________________ (break) yesterday.
5)The book _______________________ (read) four times by the end of last semester.
6)An amusement park_______________________ (build) in our city now.
7)The technician told me that my watch_______________________ (repair) in 1 hour.
8)The problem _______________________ (discuss) this time yesterday.
9)He said that he _______________________ (invite) to the party.
10)Thousands of trees _______________________ (plant) in this area by the end of this year.
11)The clothes _______________________ (deliver) to the poor area next month.
主动语态和被动语态的转换
陈述句改为被动句Step1:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语
Step2:动词结构作相应变化（be+过去分词）
Step3:by+主动语态的主语（可省略）
Step4:其他照抄He was making a model plane.
__________________________________________
一般疑问句改为被动句Step1:be动词/情态动词/助动词放句首
Step2:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语
Step3:被动结构的其他成分
Step4:by+主动语态的主语（可省略）
Step5:其他照抄
Did Mike’s teacher give much homework
yesterday?
__________________________________________
特殊疑问句改为被动句Step1:特殊疑问词不变
Step2:be动词/情态动词/助动词提前
Step3:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语
（主动语态特殊疑问词作宾语则这步省略）
Step4:被动结构的其他成分
Step5:by+主动语态的主语（可省略）
Step6:其他照抄
When will Jack finish his homework?
__________________________________________
What did Linda’s father mend last night?
__________________________________________
★小试身手★
请把下列句子变为被动句：
1)I was sure people would punish him.
_________________________________________________
2)They may open a new school next year.
_________________________________________________
3)Can the boy pick up heavy weights?
_________________________________________________
4)Will your mother kiss you on your wedding day next week?
_________________________________________________
四、被动语态的易错点
1. 主动语态变为被动语态
①要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。
②把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。
③谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
We asked him to sing an English song.
He was asked to sing an English song by us.
主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者
被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者
2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态
①谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语；
②把指“人”的间接宾语作被动语态的主语, 指“物”的直接宾语不动；
③把指“物”的直接宾语作被动语态的主语, 间接宾语前加介词to或for；
She gave me a book. (变为被动语态)
I was given a book by her.（间接宾语me改为了主语）
A book was given to me by her.（直接宾语a book改为了主语）
以下动词与介词to搭配：
award, bring, give, hand, leave, lend, mail, play, post, promise, pass, read, return, recommend（推荐）, sell, send, serve（招待）, show, sing, take, teach, tell, throw, write
以下动词与介词for搭配：
boil, book, bring, build, buy, call, catch, change, choose, cook, cut, do, draw, fetch, find, fix, gather, get, keep,
leave, make, order, pick, prepare, reserve（预留）, sing, save
★小试身手★
请改写下列句子，保持句意不变：
1)My father bought me a Mini Cooper.
物做主语：_________________________________________________
人做主语：_________________________________________________
2)The waiter has not brought us the coffee.
物做主语：_________________________________________________
人做主语：_________________________________________________
3. 把含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句时, 要把其中的宾语变为被动语态的主语, 原来的宾语补足语不变。
We call him Zhou Jian. →He is called Zhou Jian (by us).
4. 动词短语变为被动语态
许多由
一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。
We should speak to old men politely. → Old men should be spoken to politely.
The little dog must be looked after well. 这条小狗必须被好好照顾。
5.to的“前世今生”
在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。
I often hear her sing this popular song .（主动语态）
She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）
▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：
一感二听三使四看，主动语态to省略，被动语态to还原。
see sb do sth（主动语态）sb be seen to do（被动语态）
一感二听三使（使役动词）四看
feel hear、listen to make、let、have see、watch、notice、observe
6.get型被动语态
被动语态的基本形式是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。但在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get+及物动词的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫get-型被动语态。get-型被动语态中的过去分词数量有限，通常为单个的动词或比较简单的动词短语。
（1）get+及物动词的过去分词
get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound等动词的-ed形式连用，构成被动语态。这种结构一般指动作的结果而非动作本身，常指“最后终于，突然发生”等意义。
Be careful when you cross this very busy street．If not，you may get run over by a car．
He got wounded in the battle.
The boy got hurt on his way home from work.
（2）get-型被动语态一般不宜用在含有双宾语的结构中，也不宜与see, hear, watch, listen to等感官动词构成被动语态。
The old man was offered a large sum of money. （正）
The old man got offered a large sum of money. ( 误)
（3）get-型被动语态有时有言外之意或具有感情色彩
He got taught a lesson.（有“活该”之意）
How did the window get closed.（有“不该关上”之意）
（4）get-型被动语态有时表示开始进入某种状态，而be+动词的-ed形式只表示存在的状态。
She got tired.（有开始感到疲劳的含义）
She was tired. (只表示“她累了”)
7.用主动语态表被动语态的情况
1. 不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见的动词是:cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep 等。The play reads better than it acts.
This kind of cloth washes well.(耐洗)
The pen writes smoothly写起来流利。
The book is so interesting that it sells well.(“sell”此处为不及物动词“销售起来…..” 作及物动词为“卖、出售”）
2. 作表语用的形容词, 如easy, difficult, hard, nice, possible, impossible等后面作状语的不定式, 且与主语有动宾关系，其主动形式表示被动意义。The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题是很难回答的。
3.当动词不定式作宾补形容词（如形容词easy, difficult, hard等）的状语，又与句子的宾语构成动宾关系时，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义We find the man hard to get along with.
I think English easy to learn.
4.当不定式作定语, 又与所修饰的名词或代词构成动宾
关系时, 其主动形式表示被动意义。
I have a lot of work to do today. 今天我有许多工作要做。
5.在“疑问代词what (which, whom)＋不定式”结构中, 不
定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
She’ll tell you which to choose. 她将告诉你该选哪一个。
6. “have/ get+宾语+过去分词”这个结构也表达了一种被动的意思。I'll have the bike repaired soon. 我将尽快请人修理这辆自行车。
7. want/need/require/deserve +doing =want/need/require to
be done
Your vegetables need watering. 你的蔬菜需要浇水了。
8.be worth doing sth. 某事值得做-What do you think of the book?
-Oh, excellent. It's worth reading a second time.
The film is worth seeing.
你值得拥有这些奖励。
________________________________________
8.Too…to句型The box is too heavy to life.
7.无被动语态的情况
1. 系动词无被动语态。
smell, sound, taste, feel, look, seem, appear, prove等
The apples taste nice. 苹果尝起来很好吃。
2.不及物动词appear, disappear, fail, fall, happen, last,
remain, spread, break out, come true, take place, belong
to,rise等无被动
3.一些表示状态的动词没有被动语态。如：have, belong to
等
判断下列句子的对错
( ) The price has been risen.
( ) The price has risen.
( ) The accident was happened last week.
( ) The accident happened last week.
( ) The price has raised.
( ) The price has been raised.
8.系表结构PK被动语态
有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”（1）The door is closed. 门是关着的。（系表结构）
The door is closed by Fengping. 这个门是冯平来关的。（被动语态）
（2）The glass is broken. 这个玻璃杯是坏的。（系表结构）
The glass is broken by Mary. 这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏的。（被动语态）
【例题精讲】
例1. Many accidents _________ by careless drivers last year.
A. are caused
B. were caused
C. have caused
D. will cause
例2.Driving after drinking wine _________ in China.
A. allows
B. doesn't allow
C. is allowed
D. isn't allowed
例3.Many trees and flowers _________ in our city every year.
A. planted
B. are planted
C. were planted
D. plants
Keys:BDB
【课堂练习】
课堂练习：根据要求改写句子
1. The headmaster praised Ben for his honesty.(改为被动语态）
Ben _________ _________ for his honesty _________ the headmaster.
2. Mother will buy Jack a new shirt.(改为被动语态）
A new shirt Jack by Mother.
3.You had better take the wounded soldiers to hospital at once.(改为被动语态）
The wounded soldiers had better to hospital at once.
4. The adults tell the children not to swim in that deep river.(改为被动语态）
The children not to swim in that deep river.
5. Can some aged Chinese understand Russian?(改为被动语态）
Can by some aged Chinese?
6. The boss made the employees work ten hours a day.(改为被动语态）
The employees were made ten hours a day.
7.The Spring Festival is welcomed by the Chinese all over the world.(改为主动语态)
The Chinese all over the world the Spring Festival.
8. The price of meat has risen from ten yuan to fifteen yuan recently.(保持原句意思)
The price of meat from ten yuan to fifteen yuan recently.
9. The firemen are using long ladders for rescuing people in tall buildings.(改为被动语态)
Long ladders for rescuing people in tall buildings by the firemen.
10. Who looks after the children in the kindergarten?(改为被动语态）
By the children after in the kindergarten?.
Keys:1.was praised,by 2.will be bought 3.be taken 4.are told 5.Russian be understood
6.to work
7.welcome
8.has been raised
9.are being used 10. whom are looked
单项选择
( ) 1. Nothing can the girl from there.
A. be stopped; going
B. prevent; going
C. stop; to go
D. prevent; to go
( ) 2. Although you have lots of difficulties, you must _______your work.
A. carry out with
B. carry away on
C. carry on with
D. carry over
( ) 3. --It’s kind him to help me solve the problem.
--Yes, he is always kind everybody.
A. of; of
B. of; to
C. to: of
D. to; to
( ) 4. Students not to use mobile phones in our school now.
A. ask
B. asked
C. are asked
D. were asked
( ) 5. World Earth Day in 1970 to tell us to protect our planet.
A. sets up
B. set up
C. is set up
D. was set up
( ) 6. The terrorists(恐怖分子)in Xinjiang last month.
A. are caught
B. was caught
C. were caught
D. is caught
( ) 7. --You look really tired. ?
--I didn't sleep well last night. I had a headache.
A. How about you
B. What should I do
C. What's the matter
D. How are you feeling now ( ) 8. The doctor has operated the weak soldier carefully for about 10 hours.
A. to
B. for
C. with
D. on
( ) 9. Last March, many trees along the streets to make our city more beautiful.
A. were planted
B. were planting
C. had planted
D. planted
( ) 10. The basketball match was really fantastic, when Jeremy Lin scored in the last second.
A. probably
B. especially
C. exactly
D. mostly
( ) 11.Smartphones can be used to for information. But I am not used to information on such a small screen.
A. search; reading
B. searching; reading
C. search; read
D. searching; read
( ) 12. Tom by his classmates because he made a careless mistake.
A. laughed at
B. was laughed at
C. laughed
D. was laughed
( ) 13. --She’s told to write the report instead of you,?
--Yes. She has to hand it in tomorrow.
A. isn’t she
B. doesn’t she
C. hasn’t she
D. is she
( ) 14. The World Cup every four years. Football fans are all looking forward to it this summer.
A. takes place
B. is taken place
C. has taken place
D. is taking place
( ) 15. -- the charity show organized?
--We organize it once a year.
A. When is
B. How often does
C. When will
D. How often is
Keys: 1-5 BCBCD 6-10 CCDAB 11-15 ABAAD
【链接中考】
1.—Excuse me, what’s this for?
—It’s a cleaner and it to pick up dirt.
A. uses
B. is used
C. is using
D. used
2.Liu Xiang ______by his coach to train regularly.
A. advised
B. advises
C. was advised
D. be advised
3.Hong Kong ______ to be a good place for eating today.
A. knows
B. knew
C. is known
D. was known
4.The World Expo (世博会) ____________ in Shanghai now.
A. being had
B. is having
C. is holding
D. is being held
5.A Disneyland Park(迪斯尼乐园) _______ in Shanghai Pudong New Area in the near future.
A. builds
B. has built
C. will build
D. will be built
6.—Can you sing this English song?
—Of course, I can. It _______many times on the radio.
A. taught
B. has taught
C. is taught
D. has been taught
7.The girl was often heard happily in her room.
A. sing
B. to sing
C. singing
D. sings
8.The little boy ______ by the big one this morning.
A. was made to cry
B. was made cry
C. made to cry
D. made cry
9.Don’t worry. All the children ______ by the nurses.
A. are well taken care of
B. take good care of
C. are taken good care of
D. take good care
V．根据所给提示, 完成句子。每空一词, 含缩略词。
1.More and more people speak Chinese in the world. (改为被动语态)
Chinese _______ _______ by more and more people in the world.
反思总结
还记得哪些词不能用被动语态吗？
初中被动语态讲解
初中被动语态讲解 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
被动语态 一．概念： 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态(The Active Voice)与被动语态（The Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 例：1. They make trains in Xi’an. >> Trains are made in Xi’an by them. 2.Xm beats Xx evey day. >> Xx is beaten by Xm every day. 二．构成 be + done (p.p.--及物动词的过去分词） 一般现在时—— am／is ／are + v.p.p. 一般过去时—— was／were +v.p.p. 一般将来时—— will be／be going to be + v.p.p. 过去将来时——would be/was,were going to be + v.p.p 现在进行时——am/is/are being + v.p.p. 过去进行时——was/were being+ v.p.p. 现在完成时—— have/has +been+ v.p.p 情态动词—— aux.v. (must／can／could／may…) + be + v.p.p. 三．被动语态的使用 1. 当我们不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时； 例：1. His car was stolen last night. 2. Basketball is played in most countries. 2. 动作的承受者是谈话的中心（常由by引起） 例：1. A lot of articles (that) we have learned were written by Lu Xun. 四．不用被动语态的情况 1. 某些及物动词+ adv表主动，特别是后加副词（如well， easily等）时。主动语态有被动含义，这类动词常见的有sell，write，wear，wash，photograph, clean, cook, cut 例：1. This book sells well. 2.Your pen writes really well/smoothly. 3.This dress (that) my mom bought for me wears well 4.She does not photograph well. 5.The cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 句子是主谓结构时，不用被动语态。常见的谓语动词有：happen, take place, (dis)appear, rise, break out, come about, come true, come out, run out, turn out 例：1. A traffic accident happened just now. 2. Great changes are taking place in my hometown. 3. He disappears. 4. When a gay person comes out, they let people know that he is a gay. 3. 连系动词无被动：感官系动词：look、feel、sound、smell、taste “表变化的系 动词”：become、grow、turn、fall、get “表保持的系动词”：keep, reamain, stay ④ prove + 形容词，名词或不定式 五．注意
(专题精选)初中英语语法知识—被动语态的分类汇编含答案
一、选择题 1．Mr. White tells us the calls meeting will be cancelled if no agreement _________ tomorrow. A．is reached B．will be reached C．is going to be reached D．has been reached 2．—Please look at the sign on the right! —Oh, smoking ________ here. A．isn’t all owed B．doesn’t allow C．didn’t allow D．wasn’t allowed 3．Last year, the first made-in-China ballpoint pen tips（圆珠笔笔头）were _________ by Taiyuan Iron（铁）&Steel. A．divided B．required C．produced 4．More trees __________ on both sides of the road in our city this coming winter holidays. A．are planted B．were planted C．will be planted D．have been planted 5．The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it _________. A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented 6．This book_______by a lot of young people today. A．reads B．are reading C．is read 7．Mike, you can go out if your homework ________. A．finish B．finishes C．will finish D．is finished 8．-Can he get the first prize for running? -Impossible now. He _______ so, but he has just hurt his leg. A．would expect to do B．was expected to do C．has expected doing D．is expected doing 9．Young trees ________ every year to keep the sand away from the city and make the environment better and better. A．were planted B．have planted C．will plant D．are planted 10．My book ___________ here in two days through the EMS. A．are sent B．is sent C．will be sent D．will send 11．May to the party. She enjoyed herself with us. A．invites B．is invited C．was invited D．has invited 12．—Why didn’t you come to Jenny’s birthday party yest erday? —Because I________. A．didn’t invite B．isn’t invited C．wasn’t invited D．haven’t invited 13．--- Mom, where is my model plane? --- Oh, it ______ to Jenny yesterday. A．is lent B．lends C．was lent D．lent 14．The Seventh CISM Military World Games(军运会)________successfully in Wuhan last month.
初中被动语态详细讲解上课讲义
初中被动语态详细讲 解
语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被 字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形 式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例 如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的 构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电 脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保 证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语 就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的 形式)。
初中英语被动语态讲解(精心整理)
被动语态专题 ◆定义 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。 主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 ◆被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 ◆被动语态的时态： “主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。请看下表： ◆主动语态变被动语态的方法 第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。 第二步：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，变宾格为主格。 第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”，时态不变。 第四步：把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”在句中常省略。)，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。
请对比下面的主动句和被动句： 主动语态：They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the southeast of China. 被动语态：Tea(主语)is grown(谓语)by them in the southeast of China. 随堂演练（把下列句型改为被动句） 1.Bruce writes a letter every week. → 2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. → 3.We grow trees every spring. → 4.My mother cleans our room every morning. → 补充： ①S + V +IO +DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为主语，需根据习惯在原间宾语前加上介词to或for 。 用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, bring ……. 用for的常见词有：design, choose, sing, buy, get, cook …… to him by Mary. for her by her father. 随堂演练： （1）He gave me a book. →____________________________________(间接宾语作主语) →____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语) （2）My father bought me a new bike. →____________________________________(间接宾语作主语) →____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
初中英语被动语态专项练习
被动语态 一、被动语态的定义 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：We speak English. 句子中主语we是speak（讲）这个动作的执行者。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：English is spoken by them. 句子中主语English是speak（讲）这个动作的承受者，即英语被讲。被动语态相当于汉语的“被”字句。 二、被动语态的构成 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化来体现。 被动语态的构成是：主语+be+动词的过去分词 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的形式变化来表示。 1、记住下面几种时态的被动语态的构成： 一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者） 一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者） 一般将来时：主语+will/shall+be+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者） 现在进行时：主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）
过去进行时：主语+was/were+being+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者） 现在完成时：主语+have/has+been+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者） 2、含有情态动词的被动语态 主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者） 三、被动语态的用法 1、怎样确定该用被动语态？ （1）不知道或者没有必要说明动作的执行者。 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 我们在做题时要注意：如果主语能执行这个动作，就用主动语态；主语不能执行动作，反而要被动作去执行，这时就用被动语态。 2、用被动语态要注意两个问题 （1）不管是把主动语态变被动语态还是把被动语态变主动语态都要保持时态一致 （2）在主动语态中make,see,let等省to的在被动语态中要加上to. 3、不能使用被动语态的情况： （1）不及物动词不能用于被动语态，如：happen,take place,last,cost,change，begin等 （2）当直接宾语是反身代词时，不能用被动语态 连系词无被动，而是用主动形式表示被动意义如：
初中被动语态讲解及练习
被动语态 一、概念： 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。 二、主动句变为被动句的步骤： 1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。 3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。 4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。 三、被动语态的用法： 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 We clean our classroom every day. My mother asks me to study hard. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词 不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动 语态时，须加上to 。例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语。使用直接宾语(物)作主语时，要在动词后加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket. →A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
初中被动语态详细讲解.
语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. ---- He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. ----The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 五、含有情态动词的被动语态
初中英语被动语态专项练习及答案
被动语态专项练习 （）1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．A．are not kept；will have to B．are not kept；have C．do not keep；will have to D．do not keep；have to （）2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed （）3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off． --- Yes，it all depends on the weather． A．I've been told B．I've told C．I'm told D．I told （）4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed （）5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut （）6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed （）7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken （）8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up （）9. That suit __ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost （）10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction. --- What’s t he pretty small house that __ for? A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building （）11.--- Do you like the material? --- Yes, it ___ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt （）12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese． A．write B．to write C．to be written D．written （）13. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you． A．to type B．typing C．to be typed D．typed （）14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily. A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out
初中英语被动语态讲解原版教学文案
初中英语被动语态讲 解原版
初中英语被动语态讲解原版 一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here． 4） was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had been done 过去完成时 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.[少儿英语口语的提高，如果方法对还是很快的，最好的方法就是让他沉浸在一 个英语的环境中，现在最多人用的类似UIABC 这样的外教一对一教学平台，在一对一的教学中 建立一个纯正的说英语环境，15元/节的价格，也是还算比较经济的。] 6） was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8） should/would be done 过去将来时 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 例The project will have been completed before July. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语 变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为 被动结构时，要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能 省略。
初中被动语态专题
被动语态(Passive Voice) 学习目标: 掌握被动语态结构以及时态变换 导入： 举例把字句和被字句 他把门打开了。 门被打开了。 哪个是动作的执行者，哪个是动作的承受者 学前自测（发现考点） ( )1. Don't worry. Your package ____ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A. has kept B. will keep C. has been kept D. will be kept ( )2. John ___ to come to the teacher's office just now. He may be in trouble. A. was told B. told C. has told D. tells ( )3. —I haven't seen John for many years. How's he going? —He broke the law and ____ to prison 2 years ago. A. has sent B. were sent C. was sent D. was sending ( )4. —Where are your dogs, Mickey? —The dogs ____ to the pet centre last week. A. is sent B. was sent C. are sent D. were sent ( )5. Some beautiful flowers ____ to her daughter on her last birthday. A. are given B. are giving C. were given D. were giving ( )6. —It's difficult for the village children to cross the river to school. —I agree with you. I think a bridge ____ over the river. A. will build B. is built C. should be built D. was built ( )7. Mr Green ____ 2 minutes to think about the final decision. A. gives B. gave C. was given D. will give ( )8. —Sandy __ to be hard-working by her parents. —So am I. A. asks B. is asking C. asked D. is asked ( )9. I wonder if the talent show ___ next month. If they ____ it, I must get ready for it. A. will hold; hold B. will hold; will hold C. will be held; hold D. is held; will hold ( )10. The garden ____ while the Greens were away from home. A. took good care of B. was taken good care of C. taken good care of D. was taking good care 学前自测 1-5 DACDC 6-10 CCDCB 一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 他把门打开了。____________________________________ 门被打开了。____________________________________ 主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。 所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。 二．被动语态的句法功能
初中被动语态语法讲解——课堂教案
初中被动语态语法讲解 (一) 语态分类 英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. ( ) A new bridge will be built over the river. ( ) 英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，动词的过去分词不变。 列表如下： 一般现在时：+ done 一般过去时：+ done 一般将来时：+ done 过去将来时：+ done 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done 现在完成时：+ done 过去完成时：had + been + done 将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 1. 一般现在时： (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice in the south of the country. (2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时： (1)The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons 3. 一般将来时： (1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars . (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs . 4.现在完成时： (1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off. I the sports meeting might be put off. (2)He has brought his book here. His book here. (四）含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分
初三被动语态专项复习完整版
初三被动语态专项复习 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
被动语态专项复习 一、 1.含义：语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。如果主语是动词的执行者，则使用__________语态，如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用____________语态。 2.主动语态变被动语态 主动语态：Theboybrokethewindowyesterday. 动作执行者动词主动形式动作承受者 被动语态：Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboyyesterday. 动作承受者动词被动形式动作执行者 3.构成： (1)肯定句：主语+be+过去分词（+by…） 英语被许多人说。English_____________________________________manypeople. (2)否定句：主语+benot+过去分词（+by…） 这条路不经常被使用。Thisroad________________________veryoften. (3)一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词（+by…） 那座桥是被建在长江上吗___________thatbridge_____________overtheChangjiangRiver (4)特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词（+by…） 电话是什么时候被发明的___________________________thetelephone_______________ 被动语态（二） 二、被动语态的特殊情况 Ⅰ.动词(表示主语的属性特征)+副词:(well/badly/easily…),当他们与相应的副词连用的时候用主动表被动。此类动词有：write,sell,clean,wash等词做不及物动词时，如：Thebooksellswell. (1)这种食物尝起来好卖的也好.Thisfoodtastes_______and________well. (2)这支笔写的很糟/流畅.Thispen________badly/smoothly. (3)这家商店八点营业.Theshop_________at8a.m. Ⅱ.want/need+doing相当于want/need+tobedone 你的衣服需要洗。Yourclothesneed__________. =Yourclothesneed______________________.
初中主动语态与被动语态讲解
主动语态与被动语态 一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 二.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 三.被动语态的时态:以为work 例: 1. 一般现在时: am / is/are+ worked 2. 一般过去时: was / were+ worked 3. 一般将来时: shall / will +be+ worked 4. 过去将来时: should / would+be+ worked 5. 现在进行时: am /is/are+ being+ worked 6. 过去进行时: was /were+ being+ worked 7. 现在完成时: have/has+ been+ worked 8. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked 9. 将来完成时: shall/ will +have been +worked 10. 过去将来完成时: should/would +have been+ worked 11. 情态动词(can/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词 四.用法：当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作 的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 五.方法：Many people speak English.(主动语态) English is spoken by many people.（被动语态）
六. 注意以下问题： A. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for 用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc. 用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc. eg. 1. Mary gave him some books. He was given some books by Mary. Some books were given to him by Mary. 2. Her father bought her a new bike. She was bought a new bike by her father. A new bike was bought for her by her father. B.带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。 eg. 1. We call her Gina. She is called Gina (by us). 2. They made me happy. I was made happy( by them). 3. He asked me to come here. I was asked to come here (by him)