如何做用所给词的适当形式填空

如何做用所给词的适当形式填空

用所给词的适当形式填空是中考常见的试题类型之一，旨在考查学生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力。

解此类型的试题可遵循以下步骤：

1.明确所给词的词性

2.弄清所给句子的意思

3.确定空白处所需的词性

4.正确写出所填的词

用所给词的适当形式填空主要考查以下词类：

一. 对名词的考查

1.考查名词的单数形式转换成复数形式：

(1).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(规则变化)

①一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加-s变为复数名词。例如：desk→ desks , key →keys , monkey →monkeys , boy →boys等

②以-x,-s,-ch ,-sh ,结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-es。例如：fox→ foxes , boss →bosses , bus →buses, class→classes, dress →dresses, witness →witnesses, address → addresses, beach → beaches, coach →coaches , couch →couches ,inch →inches ,sandwich →sandwiches , church → churches ,watch → watches ,match →matches ,speech →speeches,witch →witches ,dish →dishes,brush →brushes,goldfish →goldfish, fish→fishes , toothbrush →toothbrushes等。

③以o结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-s的有：

zoo →zoos, radio →radios, photo →photos, piano →pianos, kilo →kilos, mango →mangos, bamboo →bamboos, kangaroo → kangaroos。

加-es的有：

tomato→ tomatoes, potato → potatoes, dodo → dodoes/s, hero → heroes。

④以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变y为i，再加-es。

例如：family →families, lady →ladies,baby →babies , copy→ copies, body→ bodies, century →centuries, diary→ diaries, dictionary→ dictionaries, factory→ factories, library→libraries, battery →batteries, documentary →documentaries, buddy →buddies, ability →abilities, country →countries,butterfly →butterflies,enemy →enemies, memory→memories, balcony→balconies, laboratory→laboratories, beauty→beauti es, charity→charities, comedy→comedies, industry→industries, quality→qualities, reply→replies, difficulty→difficulties, theory→theories, mystery→mysteries, hobby→ hobbies, story→ stories, city→ cities, laundry→ laundries, activity→activities等。

⑤以f或fe结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变f或fe 为v，再加-es。

例如：half→ halves, knife→ knives, wife→ wives, leaf→leaves, shelf→ shelves, herself→ themselves, scarf→ scarfs / scarves, wolf→ wolves等。

考例1：[2005年镇江市]

Look! There are some ___ (bird) flying in the sky.

分析：所给的词bird是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知，应填名词的复数形式，bird的复数形式是birds，因此应填birds.

考例2：[2005年泰州市]

Your present is in one of the ____. Can you guess? (box) 分析：所给的词box是可数名词的单数形式，根据习惯表达“one of the +可数名词复数”可知，应填名词的复数形式，box的复数形式是boxes，因此应填boxes。

考例3：[2004年淮安市]

Newspaper reports say that some more ___ (country) have become E.U.(欧盟)members this year.

分析：所给的词country是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知,应用可数名词的复数形式，因此应填countries。

考例4：[2003年济南市]

The earthquake rocked the cities in the north of Algeria. Many people lost their ____. (life)

分析：所给的词life是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名词的复数形式，life的复数形式为lives，因此应填lives。

(2).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(不规则变化)

foot→feet, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, policeman→policemen, policewoman→policewomen, Frenchman→Frenchmen, snowman→snowmen, businessman →businessmen, Englishman→Englishmen, gentleman→gentlemen, salesman→ salesmen, mouse→mice/mouses(鼠标),sheep→sheep, Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese, fish→ fish等。

考例1：[2004年无锡市]

It’s good for us to brush our ____ (tooth) after meals.

分析：所给的词tooth是可数名词的单数形式，根据