B-to—B不灵啦!
Seaking Pro 120A 160A 无刷电调说明书
Connections1ESC/Radio Calibration2Program your ESC with the transmitter stick/trigger1Factory Reset3Start-up201Introduction06ESC Setup07ESC Programming(Those "black backgroud and white text" options are the factory default settings)08Explanations for LED Status09Explanations for Protections10Trouble Shooting• During the Start-up Process1) The RED LED flashes one time per 2 seconds and the motor beeps “B,B,B,B,...“ at the same time indicating the ESC doesn’t detect any throttle signal. 2) The GREEN LED flashes “Number” times indicating the number of Lipo cells you have connected to the ESC.• In Operation1) The RED LED & GREEN LED die out when the throttle stick is located at the neutral position.2) The RED LED turns on solid when your boat runs forward. The GREEN LED will also come on when moving the throttle stick to the full throttle (100%) endpoint. 3) The RED LED turns on solid when you reverse your boat.• When Some Protection is Activated1) The RED LED flashes a short, single flash that repeats (☆, ☆, ☆) indicating the low-voltage cutoff protection is activated. 2) The GREEN LED flashes a short, single flash that repeats (☆, ☆, ☆) indicating the ESC thermal protection is activated.• Low-voltage Cutoff ProtectionThe ESC will not cut off the output but reduce it to 50% when the ESC detects the battery voltage goes below the preset cutoff voltage for 1 second. The RED LED will flash a single flash repeatedly every time when you release the throttle trigger to the neutral position. • ESC Thermal ProtectionThe ESC will not cut off the output but reduce it to 50% when the ESC internal temperature goes above the preset value. The GREEN LED will flash a single flash repeatedly every time when you release the throttle trigger to the neutral position. The ESC will resume normal output after the temperature goes below 80℃(176℉).Note 3: Temperature here means the internal temperature of the ESC. It’s often 60 Fahrenheit degrees higher than the heat-sink temperature (of the ESC). • Throttle Signal Loss ProtectionThe ESC will cut off the output after it fails to detect any throttle signal for 0.1 second. The motor will immediately resume rotation after the signal is re-detected. We recommend activating the “Fail Save” function of the radio system and set it (F/S) to “Output OFF” or set its value to the “Zero-Speed Position” to ensure the motor can be stopped when there is no signal received from the transmitter.please refer to the user manual of Hobbywing’s WiFi Express.• Please keep the propeller away from your body and other objects.1. Running ModeOption 1: Forward OnlyThe boat can only go forward in this mode. This mode is usually for racing. Option 2: Forward/ReverseThe boat can also go backward in this mode. This mode is applicable to most applications. (Note: Please ensure that the drivetrain of your boat can reverse. Because the drivetrain with flexible shaft can only go in one direction, the reversal may damage the flexible shaft.) 2. Lipo CellsThe ESC will automatically calculate the number of Lipo cells you have plugged in as per the battery voltage it detects, if the voltage is below 8.8V, it will be identified as 2S Lipo; if the voltage is from 8.8V to 13.2V, it will be identified as 3S Lipo; and so on. If a battery pack is not fully charged before connecting it to the ESC, miscalculation may occur like a not fully charged 6S Lipo may be identified as a 5S Lipo. This may cause the Low-Voltage Cutoff Protection function abnormal. Therefore, you need to ensure that the battery you connect to the ESC is fully charged. If you only use one particular Lipo battery, we recommend manually setting the “Lipo Cells” to the specific option instead of using “Auto Calc.”, so the Low-voltage Cutoff Protection can always function properly. 3. Cutoff VoltageWhen using a LiPo battery, you need to set a proper cutoff voltage for your battery as per its discharge C count and the load. The ESC will monitor the battery voltage all the time, LVC(Low Voltage Cutoff) protection will be activated and the output power will be remarkably decreased when the battery voltage goes below the programmed cutoff voltage.A. How to calculate the cutoff voltage: cutoff voltage=cutoff voltage per cell * cell count. For instance, when setting the cutoff voltage per cell at 3.2V, the total cutoff voltage for a 3S Lipo should be 3.2V*3=9.6V.B. After entering the Low-Voltage Cutoff Protection: when the LVC protection is activated, the ESC will not cut off the output but reduce it to 50%. The RED LED will flash a single flash repeatedly every time when you release the throttle trigger to the neutral position. Please get your boat back immediately when this happens and change another fully charged battery. Warning! If you ignore the “hint” and keep using the battery will get your battery irreversibly damaged.C. When using a NiMH battery: because NiMH batteries don’t need this LVC protection, so you can set the “Cutoff Voltage” to “Disabled”. When you find the power is remarkably decreased in sailing, you only need to get the boat back immediately. 4. ESC Thermal ProtectionThe ESC will not cut off the output but reduce it to 50% when the ESC internal temperature goes above the preset value. The GREEN LED will flash a single flash repeatedly every time when you release the throttle trigger to the neutral position.The ESC will resume normal output after the temperature goes below 80℃ (176℉).5. BEC Voltage Option 1：6.0VIt’s applicable to ordinary servos. Do not use this option with high voltage servos; otherwise your servos may not function normally due to insufficient voltage. Option 2：7.4VIt’s applicable to high voltage servos. Do not use this option with ordinary servos; otherwise your servos may be burnt due to high voltage.6. Start Mode / PunchYou can choose the punch from level 1 (very soft) to level 5 (very aggressive). In addition, “level 4” and “level 5” have strict requirement on battery’s discharge capability. It may affect the starting-up if the battery discharges poorly and cannot provide large current. The boat stutters or suddenly loses power indicating the battery’s discharge capability is not good, then you need to lower down the punch.7. Timing / General Timing This item has three effects:• Make the ESC compatible with different motors. Some motors may function abnormally with the default Timing (15 degrees), you need to adjust the ESC timing to a proper degree and then they will work fine.• Fine tune the output power of the motor. The bigger the ESC timing, the higher the motor speed , and the more electric energy it will consume. • Make the motor operate at the optimum efficiency point through adjusting this item. 8. Turbo AccelerationIf the Turbo Acceleration is triggered, the ESC will immediately activate the programmed Turbo Timing (refer to the 9th programmable item). The motor can output greater power (than in normal condition). This function is mainly used on long waterway or when driving the boat out of corner. Note 1：• Turbo Acceleration signal wire is usually plugged into CH3 or CH4 on receiver, and the amount of the valid signal must over 80% of the maximum travel volume (usually the maximum travel volume is 100%) .• With a pistol-style transmitter: CH3/CH4 is often controlled by a button (on the transmitter), you only need to press the button to activate the Turbo Acceleration. With a board-style transmitter: If CH3/CH4 is controlled by a switch, then push the switch to the up/down position can deactivate/activate the Turbo Acceleration.• When the programmed General Timing is bigger than Turbo Timing (for example,. the General Timing is set to 22.5 degrees and the Turbo Timing is 15 degrees), there won’t be any effect even if Turbo Acceleration is enabled. Please ensure that the Turbo Timing value must bigger than General Timing if you want to use Turbo Acceleration function. 9. Turbo TimingTurbo Timing is adjustable from 0 to 26.25 degrees. With the Turbo Acceleration is enabled, the ESC will activate the corresponding Turbo Timing after it receives Turbo Acceleration signals.10. PWM frequencyThe increase of PWM frequency can make the motor running smoother and the noise lower, but it will also make your ESC hotter. If the motor has no unsmooth/uneven issue, we recommend selecting the default setting (8KHz).Four steps to program your ESC with a transmitter:Entering Programming Mode —> Selecting Programmable Item(s) —> Selecting Parameter Value(s) /Option(s) —> Exiting Programming Mode.03Features• Light-weight perfectly meets users' strict requirement against the weight of competition marine ESCs.• No extra precaution is needed because of its outstanding water resistance (injection molding for Pro 160A & nano-coating for Pro 120A, it can be immersed in water). (Note: It’s necessary to fully dry all the connectors after use if they are immersed in water)• Internal switch-mode BEC with switchable voltage of 6V/7.4V and cont./peak amp of 4A/8A for easily driving big torque servos and high voltage servos.• HOBBYWING-patented heat-conductive copper bars combined with water cooling heatsink and MOSFETs with extremely low internal resistance greatly improve the current endurance and reliability of the ESC.• Advanced firmware guarantees the user the excellent control feel and “abundant” programmable items for different competition environments.• Innovative Turbo Acceleration function (which enables the Turbo Timing) can make the motor unleash the maximum power to speed up, and leave all rivals far behind in a moment. • “Forward Only”& “Forward/Reverse” running modes.• Multiple protections: low-voltage cutoff protection, ESC thermal protection, and fail safe (throttle signal loss protection).• 8 Timing options perfectly match with various of brushless motors.• Advanced programming via portable multifunction LCD program box or WiFi module (sold separately).• Firmware upgrade via HOBBYWING multifunction LCD program box or WiFi module (sold separately).1. Water Cooling Tube Connecting （Silicon tube needs to be provided by users.）The aluminum water cooling tube (outer diameter = 5.5mm) has been pre-mounted on the ESC heatsink at factory. Please connect the silicon tube to the aluminum water cooling tube. 2. Motor WiringThere is no polarity on the A/B/C wires between ESC and motor, so do not worry about how you connect them initially. You may find it necessary to swap two wires if the motor runs in reverse.3. Receiver Wiring1) How to connect the throttle control cablePlug the throttle control cable (also called Rx cable) on the ESC into the throttle (TH) channel on receiver. The RED wire in the throttle control cable will output the BEC voltage of 6V/7.4V to the receiver and servo, so please do not connect any additional battery to the receiver. 2) How to connect the Turbo Acceleration signal wire (/single YELLOW wire)Plug the Turbo Acceleration signal wire of the ESC into any unoccupied channel (for example, CH3/CH4) on your receiver. 4. Battery WiringProper polarity is essential here! Make absolutely sure positive (+) of ESC connects to positive (+) of battery, and negative (-) of ESC connects to negative (-) of battery when you plug in your battery! If reverse polarity is applied to your ESC from the battery, it will damage your ESC. This will NOT be covered under warranty!Move the throttle trigger/stick to the Zero-Speed throttle position, and then turn on the transmitter.1. Connect a battery pack to the ESC; the motor will beep “Number” times to indicate the amount of Lipo cells you have plugged in. Please ensure the cell count is correct. If the motor only beeps one time, it means the Low-Voltage Cutoff Protection is disabled. This “Disabled” option is only applicable to NiMH battery packs.2. 1 second later, the motor will beep a long beep “B—“to indicate the ESC is ready to run. If the throttle trigger/stick is not at the Zero-Speed throttle position, the motor will keep beeping a short beep “BBB……” until the throttle trigger/stick is moved to the Zero-Speed throttle position.3. Increase the throttle amount, the motor spins up.USER MANUALSeaking Pro 120A • Seaking Pro 160ABrushless Electronic Speed Controller 04Specifications05Begin to Use a New ESCStep 1: Entering Programming Mode1. Turn on the transmitter, move the throttle stick to the top position (/full throttle position), connect a battery pack to the ESC, and the motor will beep “BB“ (to indicate the full throttle position has confirmed).2. Five seconds later, the motor will beep “♪56712” to indicate the ESC has entered the programming mode.Step 2: Selecting Programmable Item(s)After entering the programming mode, you will hear 10 kinds of tones beep out circularly. Move the throttle stick to the bottom position within 3 seconds after you hear one specific kind of warning tone, you will enter the corresponding programmable item. 1. “B”, Running Mode (One Short Beep) 2. “BB”, Lipo Cells (Two Short Beeps)3. “BBB”, Cutoff Voltage (Three Short Beeps)4. “BBBB”, ESC Thermal Protection (Four Short Beeps)5. “B——”, BEC Voltage (One Long Beep)6. “B——B”, Start Mode (Punch) (One Long Beep & One Short Beep)7. “B——BB”, Timing (General Timing) (One Long Beep & Two Short Beeps) 8. “B——BBB”, Turbo Acceleration (One Long Beep & Three Short Beeps) 9. “B——BBBB”, Turbo Timing (One Long Beep & Four Short Beeps) 10. “B——B——”, PWM Frequency (Two Long Beeps)Step 4: Exiting Programming Mode1. Move the throttle stick to the bottom position within 2 seconds after you select the parameter value and hear the special warning tone “ ” beeped out by motor in Step 3 can exit programming mode.2. Or you disconnect the ESC when it's in programming mode to forcibly exit programming.• Restore the default values with a multifunction LCD program boxAfter connecting the program box to the ESC, continuously press the “ITEM” button on the program box until you see the “RESTORE DEFAULT” item, and then press “OK” to factory reset your ESC.• Restore the default values with a WiFi module (&WiFi Link)After connecting the WiFi module to the ESC, open the HOBBYWING WiFi LINK software on your smart phone,select “Parameters” followed by “Factory Reset” to reset the ESC.。
bfriendit无线鼠标的使用及故障排除方法
Bfriendit无线鼠标的使用及故障排除方法
小编：傅斌
小编这次讲得基础的，在我们的世界，太多“然并软”的东西，小编这次讲我们入门的，大家一起进步一起学习！
世界那么大，我们来瞅瞅，无线鼠标长啥样及排除故障;
如下图无线鼠标基础东西：
小编想问了，长这样的无线鼠标不能使用了，会那么问题呢？
一．直接不能使用了，动都动不了？
1.确保键盘和鼠标的电池都已经装好，鼠标的开关打开，接收器插到电视或者电脑的USB口上。
2.检查电池是否电量足够。
二．无线鼠标反应不灵敏，键盘反应慢？
1、检查鼠标的DPI是否调节到2500，也就是按一下中间的DPI键，感觉一下速度，不行再按一下。
2、把接收器在电视上换一下USB口，有些USB口不连着主板，导致供电不足，也会影响速度。
3、在鼠标下面加个鼠标垫，更好操作。
4、要是使用一段时间或者几个月以后出现这个问题，可能是您的电池供电不足了，这是就需要更换新电池就可以解决的。
三．无线键鼠一般使用多远距离合适？
1、一般无线键鼠厂家设定的理论距离都是10-30米；但是一般我们正常使用都是2-4米，这是我们视觉能够着的距离，这个距离内使用都会不错的。
Bfriendit无线鼠标的数据参数：
四、我不用了无线鼠标和键盘需要关闭吗？
1.一般无线鼠标都是带开关的，不用了一段时间自己会休眠，但是还是建议不用了关掉电源开关，以免费电和影响鼠标使用寿命；键盘目前的设计都是不带开关的，也较为省电，一般只有您按下去按键才会耗电的，所以这个不用考虑耗电的问题，一般的键盘都是一节电池就可以的，部分是2节电池。
Unit2 Topic2 SectionB 同步学与练(原卷版) 2023-24仁爱版九年级英语上册
Unit2 Topic2 All these problems are very serious.Section B【学习目标】By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:Words and phrases: none, rubbish, wild, nobody, worst, situation, punish, perhaps, everybody, user, spit, untidy, rude, behavior, nowhere, something useful/ important, none of us, here and there, in public, care for/ look after /take care of, worst of allSentences: But the government is doing something useful to protect the environment.None of us likes pollution.Don’t spit anywhere in public.Everyone should care for wild animals and plant more trees.We should do everything we can to protect the environment.Grammar: Indefinite pronoun and adverb.2. Difficult points：能熟练地表达责备和抱怨的情绪，并提出保护环境的建议。
能在不同语境中，正确使用不定代词和不定副词。
【预习导学】必备单词、短语和句子1.________________ n.使用者；用户2.________________ pron.没有一个；毫无3.________________ 在各处；到处4.________________ v.吐，唾5.________________ adj.野的，野生的6.________________ adj.不整洁的,凌乱的7.________________ adj.无理的，粗鲁的8.________________ n.行为，举止9.________________ n.状况;形势;局面10.________________ v.处罚,惩罚11.________________ adv.可能,大概12.________________ pron.人人,每个人13._________________ 的重要性14.___________________ 据说15.something useful/important_________________16._________________中一个也没17.here and there = everywhere________________18._________________ 在公共场合19._________________ 关心、关注20.As a result, a lot of rich land has changed into desert.______________________________________________21.None of us likes pollution.______________________________________________22.We should do everything we can to protect the environment.______________________________________________【探究提升】1. It says that China become the world’s largest producer and user of coal. producer 生产者user 使用者2. As a result, air pollution has become a serious problem.as a result 结果是as a result of ... 由于...3. But the government is doing something useful to protect the environment. do something useful to do sth = take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事something useful adj修饰不定代词时，放在后面，作后置定语。
Unit9SectionB2b课文知识点串讲课件2021-2022学年人教版八年级英语下册
（1）thousands of 意为“数以千计的；许许多多的”，后接可数名词 复数，用于表示不具体的数目。 Thousands of middle school students want to work as a teacher in the future. 许许多多的中学生将来想当老师。
小 Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. _________ visitors
TRAVEL
Unit9 Have you ever been to a museum?
Section B 2b Reading 课文知识点串讲
TRAVEL
Singapore—A place You Will Never Forget! Have you ever been to Singapore? For thousands of tourists from China, this small island in Southeast Asia is a wonderful and safe place to take a holiday. On the one hand, more than three quarters of the population are Chinese, so you can simply speak Putonghua a lot of the time. On the other hand, Singapore is an English-speaking country, so it’s also a good place to practice your English!
2. On the one hand,more than three quarters of the population are Chinese.... On the other hand, Singapore is an English-speaking country...一方面， 超过四分之三的人是华裔......另一方面，新加坡是一个说 英语的国家....... （课本第70页2b）
俄语口语大全
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国开人文英语4单元自测7试题及答案
国开人文英语4单元自测7试题1试题及答案一、选择填空，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
（每题10分）试题 1— Here you are, Sir.— _________________.正确答案是：Thank you very much试题 2— So sorry to trouble you.— _________________.正确答案是：It's a pleasure试题 3How can he _____________ if he is not _____________?正确答案是：hear; listening试题 4The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that remote village.正确答案是：when试题 5--Did the medicine make you feel better?--No. The more __________, ___________ I feel.正确答案是：medicine I take; the worse二、阅读理解：选择题（每题10分）试题 6选择题Respondent: Binhai People's HospitalAddress: No 7, Binhai Road, Binhai CityThe following answer is given to Zhang Hua's claim for personal-injury compensation by the Binhai People's Hospital:1. The respondent does not have a direct contractual relationship with Zhang Hua. Zhang Hua had an oral contract to remove the high-voltage meter cabinet with Binhai No. 2 Construction Installation Company on June 10, 2008. He was assigned by Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company and therefore has no direct contractual relationship with the respondent.2. Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company should be responsible for compensating Zhang Hua for the following reasons. Firstly, according to PRC laws and relevant judicial interpretations, Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company shall be responsible for any injury employees suffered in the contract performance. Secondly, Zhang Hua seriously violated the operational procedure in removing the high-voltage meter cabinet and failed to pay due attention thereto.3. The respondent shall not be responsible for compensating the injuries of Zhang Hua. According to the General Principles of the Civil Law, any person engaged in highly dangerous operations shall be responsible for compensation. In this case, the respondent entered into a contract with Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company, whereby the source of high danger shifted to Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company. Binhai No. 2 Construction and InstallationCompany became the subject of the dangerous operation, and therefore any damages caused in the contract performance by Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company have no connection with the respondent.Therefore, Binhai People's Hospital is not liable for compensating Zhang Hua. We hereby request the court to reject the plaintiff's action according to law.To：Binhai City Intermediate People's CourtRespondent: Binhai People's CourtDate: May 10th, 20111. According to the plaintiff, should be responsible for compensating Zhang Hua.A. Binhai People's HospitalB. Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation CompanyC. Binhai City Intermediate People's Court2. Zhang Hua had an oral contract with .A. 2 Construction and Installation CompaniesB. Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation CompanyC. Binhai City Intermediate People's Court3. The respondent stated reasons to reject Zhang Hua's claim.A. 1B. 2C. 34. Zhang Hua himself bear some responsibilities.A. shouldB. shouldn'tC. mustn't5. was quoted by the respondent.A. the PRC General Civil LawB. the PRC Civil Procedural LawC. General Principles of the Civil Law答案: 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C国开人文英语4单元自测7试题2试题及答案一、选择填空，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
人教PEP版英语三年级上册Unit1.B.Start to read教学设计
教学思路（B.Start to read）Start to read一、复习（review）1.通过PPT动画复习文具类单词，并连线中英文。
2.复习本单元学过的句子，中英文配对连线。
3.交际用语英英问答配对。
4.看书上图，学生自己说句子，操练本单元学过的句型。
学生先看图说，然后老师再播放句型动画。
5.老师说指令，学生做动作。
复习上次学习的Let’s do部分动词词组。
二、学习新知并练习1.Start to read 和Let’s check部分，学生先自己做，然后老师通过PPT讲解核对答案。
2.重点讲解Let’s check部分，把所听到的内容直接罗列出来。
学生可以进一步跟读练习。
连线检测学生对文具掌握情况。
三、Homework课外作业的布置。
让学生回归课本，通过作业的形式，巩固本次课所学内容，并为下次课的学习做准备。
人教PEP英语三年级上册知识点归纳一．单词Unit 1学习文具：pen (钢笔) pencil(铅笔) pencil-box ( 铅笔盒) ruler(子) eraser(皮) crayon (蜡笔) book (书) bag (书包) school (学校)Unit 2身体部位：head (头) face( 脸) nose (鼻子) mouth (嘴) eye (眼睛)leg (腿) ear (耳朵) arm (胳膊)leg (腿) foot (脚)body (身体)Unit 3颜色：red (红色的) yellow (黄色的)green (绿色的)blue (蓝色的) white (白色的) black (黑色的) orange (橙色的)brown（棕色）Unit 4动物：cat (猫)dog (狗)monkey (猴子)panda (熊猫)rabbit( 兔子) duck (鸭子)pig (猪)bird (鸟) bear (熊)elephant (大象)tiger（老虎）Unit 5食物：cake (蛋糕)bread (面包) juice (果汁)milk (牛奶)water (水) fish（鱼）Unit 6数字：one (一) two (二) three (三)four (四) five (五)six( 六)seven (七) eight (八) nine( 九) ten( 十)二．对话1、向别人问好应该说――A: Hello! (你好!) B: Hi! (你好!)2、问别人的名字应该说-――A：What’s your name？你的名字是什么？B：My name’s Chen Jie.我的名字是陈洁。
Unit 8 Topic 1 Section B课件2022-2023学年仁爱版八年级英语下册
Topic 1 We will have a class fashion show.
Section B
看起来很棒
look great
一件唐装
a Chinese Tang costume
一个时装展
a fashion show
为某人买某物 buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth.
such...that...意为"如此……以至于……"引导结果状语从句，such修饰名词。 有时可以和 so… that…结构互换。
such + a/an+adj+单数可数名词+that… = so +adj +a/an+单数可数名词+that...
e.g.Ben is such a perfect boy that we all like him. =Ben is so perfect a boy that we all like him.
Review
Let's review.
... skirt
socks
scarf
clothes
j eans
handbag
blouse
shoes
sweater
New pocket
n. 口袋
words:
windbreaker n. 风衣
size
n. 尺寸，大小
leather
adj. 皮制的 n. 皮革
pretty
adj. 漂亮的；俊俏的
handsome adj. 英俊的
1b Write down the names of the clothes under the pictures. Then listen to 1a and choose the correct pictures for the children.
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① 从 莱 庭 、 徐 鲁 亚 编 著
出 版 社 ，０ ７ 版 ．３ 页 。 ２０年 ４４
也 有 风 险 ： 方 面 ， 辞 可 能 《 方修 辞 学》 上 海 外 语教 育 一 修 西 ， 遮 蔽 本 意 。 一 方 面 ： 于 繁 另 过
么 ， 是 否 意 味着 之 前 “ 大 、 这 做 做 强 ” 传 媒 集 团 攻 城 略 地 ， 处 合 ， 到
美 国 的 许 多 Ｂ—ｏ Ｂ出 版 公 司 都 并 的发 展 模 式 走 到 了 尽 头 呢 ？ ｔ— 这 面 临 着 困 境 。 这 些 公 司 债 台 高 种 模 式 的 理 想 在 于 发 挥 协 同效 筑 ， 资 者 不 愿 再 冒风 险 裹 足 不 应 ， 是业 内人 士 却 不 再 看 好 。 投 但 这
感 是 “ ” 。 自然 物 之 动 与 动 的 在
—
—
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注释 ：
人 的 内心 情 感 之 动之 间 ， 一 择 手 段 ” ， 取得 平 实 的 表 达 有 ①来
种“ 同构 ” 的隐 喻 关 系 。 者试 所 不 具 有 的效 果 。 然 ， 辞 作 当 修
少 随 华 笔
态感 赋 予 静 态 的事 物 ， 我 国 在
圈 ｉ
还 用 来 强化 印象 的修 辞 手 段 ， 通 到 有 效 的理 解 ， 取 决 于读 者
偏 于 古 代 诗 词 中有 悠 久 的传 统 ， 比 过 重 复使 用 的 “ 那个 ” 一 个 灾 对 修 辞 “ 离 ” 日常 表 达 经 ， 验 的 宽 容 程 度 和读 者 自身 在 如 宋 代 著 名词 人 辛 弃 疾 《 园 难 中的城 市 在 客 观 上 （ 痍 ） 沁 疮
总 的说 来 ， 然 有 各 种 修 它 不 仅 要 直 接 表 达 作 者 的 情 虽
的 因素 ， 者 说 ， 是 与 情 感 辞 格 和 修 辞 手段 ， 修 辞 在 本 感 ． 要 准确 、 效 地捕 捉 、 或 它 但 更 有 调 相 应 的 节 奏 —— 人 的 内 心 情 质 上 不 外 是 “ 一 种 说 法 ” 动 、 映 读 者 的情 感 ， 换 反 因此 不
Ｎ ＷＳ ＷＲ ＴＮ ２ １． ６ Ｅ ＆ ＩＩ Ｇ ００ ６ ９ ０
血 的 因为 春 灵 山齐 庵 赋 ，时 筑偃 湖 未 和 主 观 上 （ 泪 ） 两 个 方 面 阅读 中 积 累 的接 受 经 验 。 成 》 的 “ 嶂 西 驰 ， 马 回 中 叠 万 旋 。众 山欲 东 ” — 把 跃 动 的 — 属 性 赋 予 了 山这 个 “ 动 ” 不 的 物 质 。 佛 不 是 人 在 动 ， 在 仿 马 动 ， 是 山在 动 。 而 为 什 么 这 篇 评 论 会 倾 向 于 给 本 来 “ 动 ” 自然 事 物 不 的 的 印象 ， 是 “ 起 ” 而 是 “ 不 一 ， 分 修 辞 与 我 们 日 常 的 表 达 常 常 两次 ” 现在读 者面 前 ． 呈 以此 是有 距 离 的。
强化 （ 延 长” 了读者 的感 受 。 “ ）
这 种 手 法 最极 端 的 例 子 ，
由此 谈 到 评 论 中 的情 感
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
化语 言 。 当承认 ， 一 方 面 ， 应 它 是作 者真 实 的情 感 表 达 ； 一 另
是鲁 迅 的散 文 《 夜 》 开 头 ： 秋 的 “ 我 的后 园 ，可 以看 见 墙 外 在 株也 是 枣树 。 ”
前 。 最 后 的 命 运 ， 能 都 难 逃 种 模 式 处 于 资 本 的 前 期 阶 段 ， 其 可 盲 （ 之恩／ 译） 郭 编
分拆 出售 。 Ｂ ｔ— 模 式 的 困 境 是 否 意 味 —ｏ Ｂ 目强 调 规模 和 效率 。 是 ， 但 时代 变 了 ， 费者 开始 重新 期 望差 异 。 消
而全 ，在 统 一 的 资 源 调 配 之 下减
如今 ，里 德 商 业 信 息 再 次 震 惊 四 少 交 易 成 本 。 而 ， 种 模式 的 背 然 这 座 。 个 月 ， 家 公 司 宣 布 将 会 关 后 ， 要 巨大 的资 金 作 为 支 持 。 上 这 需 在
闭旗 下 的２ 家 杂 志 。 里 德 商业 信 如 今 这 种 资本 “ 功 近 利 ” ３ 急 的情 况 息 甚 至 没 有 出 售 的 打算 ，直 接将 下 ， —ｏ Ｂ 式 就 显 出 了不 适 。 Ｂ ｔ— 模 那 杂 志关 门了事 。 尼 尔 森 公 司调 查 显 示 ，今 日
（ 者 为 中 国 人 民大 学 新 作
应和 、 表现 内心 世界 的情 感 。
最 后 一 句 ，“ 片疮 痍 之 密 的修 辞 可 能 会 使 文 章 失 去 那
地， 那个 血 泪 之 城 ” 是 典 型 的 朴 实 。 ， 当然 ， 辞 是 否 能 够 得 闻 学院 副教 授 ） 修
洒 嚣窭蕊潮黼
美 国《 折》 对
２ １ 年５ ００ 月
２ ０ 年 ，里 德 爱 思 唯 尔 公 司 着 传 统 的 “ 模 经济 ” 人 了死 胡 ０８ 规 走
宣 布 将其 子 公 司里 德 商 业 信 息 进
行 出 售 时 ， 引 得业 内一 片错 愕 。 就
同 呢 ？规 模 经 济 要 求 公 司规 模 大
方 面 ， 是 表 达 的 技 术 ， 中 也 其
言 ．并 不 是 作 者 的 一 声 哭 泣 ，
有 两 株 树 ， 株 是 枣 树 ， 有 就 包 含 修 辞 。 一 还 因为 评 论 中 的语
一
赋 予 动态 感 呢？ 我 想 是 因 为 ，
“ ” 动 ，其 本 身 就 是 撩 动 情 感