杜威十进制图书分类法 Dewey Decimal Classification System Library Detectives
杜威十进分类法讲解

对杜威十进分类法的研究
• 对DDC的研究一直是中国分类法研究工作中的一项重要内容,国内
出版的分类学专著大多有专门篇幅介绍DDC,DDC第二十版已被译成中 文,此外还发表了大量有关论文。总体说来,对DDC的研究主要有综合 评介、动态报道、比较研究、技术分析等几种方式,其中尤以前两种 情况居多。
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在我查阅的有关DDC的论著中,对DDC的综合评介和动态报道居多,
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• 当前,互联网在全球迅猛发展,文献信息处理网络化、全 球化已成为潮流,为文献资源的共享创造了条件。资源共 享,是图书馆界的共识。科学无国界在很大程度上取决于 作为科学载体的图书无国界。图书的全球流通迫切要求图 书的分类在国际间大体统一。因此,非常有必要采用一种 国际通用分类检索语言,而《杜威分类法》以体系严谨、 结构完整、技术先进、类目详细、使用广泛、影响深远的 特点,发展为一部国际通用的图书分类法。更以它的电子 版、网站的推出并不断更新而有可能成为国际通用分类语 言的趋势和网络资源组织的发展方向。
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对杜威十进分类法的仿照和改造
• “五四”前后,DDC在中国得到进一步推广使用,并被作了适应中国图书和图书 馆的改造,使DDC在中国的应用进入了一个新阶段。继1918年沈祖荣与胡庆生 合编的《仿杜威书目十类法》后,当时共编制了二十余部“仿杜”、“改杜”、 “补杜”十进分类法,比较著名的有杜定友的《世界图书分类法》(1922)、刘 国均的《中国图书分类法》(1929)等,这些分类法都没有突破DDC的十大部类 体系和小数层累制,在许多方面是照搬DDC,创新不多,但为了适应中国图书分 类的需要作了一些改造,主要体现在下列方面:
如皮高品的“杜威十进分类法评介”(1983)、戴维民的“杜威十进分
类法最近动态”(1986)和“杜威十进分类法二十版评介”(1990)、陈
杜威十进图书分类法(Dewey

杜威十进图书分类法(Dewey Decimal Classification)是由美国图书馆专家麦尔威·杜威发明的,对世界图书馆分类学有相当大的影响,已翻译成西班牙文、中文、法文、挪威文、土耳其文、日文、增伽罗文、葡萄牙文、泰文等出版,并被上述国家的一些图书馆和英语国家的大部分图书馆采用,美国几乎所有公共图书馆和学校图书馆都采用这种分类法.杜威十进分类法(Dewey Decimal Classification,DDC)是广为全球各地图书馆使用的分类法.这个分类系统最早在1873年时Melvil Dewey有此分类构想,而于1876年正式出版.目前,负责DDC出版的是Forest Press,而它于1988年成为OCLC下的一个部门.DDC已被全球超过135个国家的图书馆使用,并且被翻译逾30种语言,包括阿拉伯文、中文、法文、希腊文、希伯来文、意大利文、波斯文、俄文、西班牙文及土耳其文等.在美国,有95%的公共图书馆及学校图书馆、25%的学院及大学图书馆及20%的专门图书馆使用DDC.此外,DDC 更能用来组织网际网络上的各种资源.DDC共出版两种版本形式:完整版及节缩版,其中节缩版主要是提供馆藏量低于20,000册的图书馆使用.完整版在1996年出版的第21版,共计四大册,内容分为九大部分:第一册中主要是描述21版新增特色、杜威十进分类法简介及使用方法、名词解释及索引、复分表及20版与21版之间之异同比较;第二册及第三册则是分类法的全文;第四册则是提供相关索引(Relative Index)及实际进行分类时之指引.2003年9月OCLC正式出版了DDC第22版的印刷版,即DDC22,其电子版已于2003年6月推出. DDC22对DDC21进行了全面的常规修订,即对类目进行了增、删、改,主要包括:(1)修订复分表:取消附表7(人员复分表),将附表5的名称由"人种、种族和民族表"改为"种族和民族表",并对其中有关种族发展的类目进行了适当的修改和删减;对附表2、附表3、附表6页进行了一些必要的修改.(2)修改类名:主要是为了适应科学技术的发展和科学术语的变化.(3)插入新主题:主要是增加了许多新类号和新词.(4)调整类目位置.DDC22根据社会和科学技术的发展,对一些明显不合逻辑或者不合时宜的类目进行了删改和调整.另外的一个重大修订是对DDC手册进行了大幅度的删节,即把手册中一些容易在分类表中表达的信息转移出去,并删除手册与分类表重复的冗余信息.DDC22下载地址:Download the DDC 22 Summaries (PDF format; 20 pages)/dewey/resources/summaries/deweysummaries.pdfDDC的长处之一在于它能不断的维护发展.目前,它的维护是由美国国会图书馆所负责,有专门的部门负责反应新文献成长的趋势与使用者的需求.DDC是用传统的学科来分类,总共以10个主要的学科(main classes)来涵括所有的知识体系,每个大类下细分10类(divisions),接着又再分成10小类(sections).DDC中每个学科都会给予特定范围的数字来表示,它的十个大类(main classes)分别是:000 Generalities 总类100 Philosophy 哲学类200 Religion 宗教类300 Social sciences 社会科学类400 Language 语文类500 Pure sciences 自然科学类600 Technology 应用科学类700 The arts 艺术类800 Literature 文学类900 General geography & history 史地类000通用一般010 目录学020图书馆和信息科学030普通百科全书040语言050一般连续出版物060一般组织和博物馆学070期刊、出版、报纸080一般收藏090手稿和珍本书100哲学和相关科学110形而上学120认识论,因果论、人类130超自然的现象和行为140特殊哲学观点150心理学160逻辑学170伦理学(道德哲学)180古代的、中世纪的、东方的190现代的、西方的哲学200宗教210自然宗教220圣经230基督教理论240基督教信念和祈祷250地方教会和宗教职务260俗世和教会的神学270教会的历史和地理280基督教教派和宗派290其他的和类似的宗教300社会科学310统计学312数学320政治科学330经济学340法律350公共行政360社会问题和服务370教育380商业(贸易)390风俗、礼仪、民俗400语言410语言学420英语和昂格罗-撒克逊语言430日耳曼语言德语440罗曼语言法语450意大利语、罗马尼亚语、里托-罗曼语460西班牙和葡萄牙的诸语言470意大利的诸语言拉丁语480希腊语系古典希腊语490其他语言500纯科学510数学520天文学及其相关学科530物理学540化学及其相关学科550地球科学及其他星球科学560古生物学570生命科学各学科580植物科学各学科590动物科学各学科600技术(应用科学)610医学620工程及相关操作630农业及相关技术640家庭经济学及日用技术650管理及附属服务660化学品及相关技术670制造业680特殊用途的制造690建筑700艺术710城市和景观艺术720建筑艺术730雕塑艺术740装饰艺术和小型艺术750美术760书法艺术、印刷770摄影艺术780音乐790娱乐和演出艺术800文学(纯文学)810美国英语文学820英国及昂格罗-撒克逊文学830日耳曼语言文学840罗曼语言文学850意大利语、罗马尼亚语、里托-罗曼语文学860西班牙和葡萄牙的诸语言文学870意大利的诸语言拉丁语文学880希腊语系希腊语文学890其他语言文学900普通地理和历史910普通地理旅行920普通传记和系谱学930古代历史940欧洲历史950亚洲历史960非洲历史970北美洲历史980南美洲历史990其他地区历史。
书分类与编目的方法与原则

书分类与编目的方法与原则在图书馆或书店中,大量的书籍需要进行分类和编目,以便读者能够迅速找到他们感兴趣的书籍。
书分类与编目的方法和原则对于图书馆学和信息学来说是非常重要的研究领域,今天我们将探讨一些常见的方法与原则。
一、十进制分类法(Dewey Decimal Classification)十进制分类法是目前全球应用最广泛的图书分类方法,它由美国图书馆学家梅尔维尔·路易斯·德威于1876年设计并出版。
此方法通过使用一系列的数字来表示不同的主题领域,使图书按照主题被分割成不同的类别。
例如,一本关于历史的书籍可能会被编为900,而一本有关科学的书籍可能会被编为500。
二、国家标准分类法除了十进制分类法之外,各个国家还普遍采用自己的国家标准分类法。
例如,中国图书馆普遍采用《中国图书馆分类法》来分类和编目书籍。
这种方法根据中国文化和文献情况进行精细分类,更适合中国读者的需求。
三、主题词法主题词法是一种根据书籍的内容特点来进行分类和编目的方法。
它主要是通过选取一组能够准确描述书籍主题的词语,将书籍分为不同的类别。
这种方法通常适用于特定领域的专业图书馆,例如医学图书馆可以采用专业医学术语进行主题分类和编目。
字母顺序法是一种按照书名中的字母顺序进行分类和编目的方法。
这种方法适用于书店等不需要过多主题分类的场合,可以让读者根据书名的字母顺序快速找到所需书籍。
五、数字顺序法数字顺序法类似于字母顺序法,但不是按照字母顺序,而是按照书籍的出版号、排序号等数字进行分类和编目。
这种方法通常在书店和小型图书馆中使用。
选取合适的分类和编目方法要根据具体情况来决定,需要考虑读者的需求、馆藏书籍的特点以及馆内工作的实际情况。
无论采用何种方法,编目时都需要遵循一些基本原则。
一、一书一目原则每本书籍应该由一个标准的分类号码和分类名称来表示,避免使用同一个分类号码和名称来表示不同的书籍。
二、一个主体一个分类号原则每个主体应该对应一个分类号码,避免出现一个主体分散在不同的分类号码下的情况。
杜威十进分类法

《杜威法》与中国
• • • • 1、《杜威法》在中国的历史 2、《杜威法》在中国的应用 3、 对杜威十进分类法的研究 4、《杜威法》对中国的影响
《杜威法》引进
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中国支会图书馆印行的第四版目录即已采用DDC分类,但当时并未引起多少注 意。就目前所见史料,在报刊上最早介绍DDC的是孙毓修,他于1910年在《教育 杂志》上刊载的“图书馆”一文中首次介绍了DDC,其本意是希望借鉴DDC创立 一个能类分新书的分类体系。 辛亥革命后,采用DDC的图书馆逐渐增多,如上海圣约翰大学图书馆、长 沙雅理大学图书馆、武昌文华大学公书林等,都用DDC类分图书。还有一些图 书馆,则只有一部分图书(主要是西文书)依DDC分类,如江苏金陵大学图书馆、 山东济南齐鲁大学图书馆、浙江公立图书馆等。 DDC的引进是有其历史背景的,自鸦片战争后,中国近代图书馆有了较大 发展,有关西方科学文化的图书日益增多,当时的中国图书分类法面临两大问 题:一是传统的经史子集四部分类体系容纳不了新书;二是中国历来不配号的 分类法不能适应近代图书馆藏书排架,组织目录的需要。在这种情况下,当时 已十分流行的DDC被介绍到中国,并很快成为当时编制新型分类法的直接依据。
理论基础
• 杜威的十进分类法是依据哈利(W.T.Harris) 的分类体系发展起来的,哈利斯的体系是 培根(FrancisBacon)的体系的倒转,培根是 以心理过程上的记忆.力、想象力、理解力 为基础,将知识分为历史、诗文、哲学三 大类。
培根 原来 历史 倒置 哲学
哈利斯 科学 哲学 宗教 社会科学、政治学 自然科学、应用科学 美术 诗 小说、其它文学著作 历史 地理与游记 传记 附录 杂录
• 当前,互联网在全球迅猛发展,文献信息处理网络化、全 球化已成为潮流,为文献资源的共享创造了条件。资源共 享,是图书馆界的共识。科学无国界在很大程度上取决于ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ作为科学载体的图书无国界。图书的全球流通迫切要求图 书的分类在国际间大体统一。因此,非常有必要采用一种 国际通用分类检索语言,而《杜威分类法》以体系严谨、 结构完整、技术先进、类目详细、使用广泛、影响深远的 特点,发展为一部国际通用的图书分类法。更以它的电子 版、网站的推出并不断更新而有可能成为国际通用分类语 言的趋势和网络资源组织的发展方向。
杜威十进位分类法

企业外部各界所发布的调查资料均属此类。如政府机构的统计调查资料,金融机构的金融经济资料,大学、研究机构或民间机构等发布的关于市场或行为方面的资料等。可细分为:81调查专案机构、82公会、83政府机构、84学术机构、85民间专业机构、86金融机构。
90演讲类
关于演讲会、讲习会或研讨会的资料,均可归入此类。在二手资料中,演讲类资料为最原始的第一手资料,听讲人员应于事后将听讲内容记载于规定格式的报表上。
60企业内外之视听觉类
该类资料包括:61照片、62地图、63缩影影片、64幻灯片、65标本模型、66录音带、67影片、68录影带、69其他。
70刊物索引类
各种关于期刊或杂志的发行索引均属此类。如美国国际开发处(AID)所出版的Abstract Index,该索引刊物收录了100多个国家的“海外投资环境调查资料”,这些资料可供国际性投资所用。
杜威十进位分类法
(DeweyDecimal C目
10账册类
企业内部财务报表、专案计划、年度预算均归属于账册类,尤其是对经营指标、销售统计月报、费用明细表、库存明细表、营业报告、产品计划表、人员分配销售计划表、市场计划书等企业内部之行销财务性资料的分析与运用,有助于行销问题的评估与衡量。
40专刊类
凡国内外之专利资料、发明资料、开发资料或开发构想资料皆属此类。此类资料对于产品开发及销售具有很大的利用价值,尤其是专利资料的分析,其结果往往是新产品研发构想的主要来源。专利资料大多由政府机构定期公布。该类可细分为:41专利资料、42-49发明及产品开发资料。
50目录类
产品目录、产品说明书等资料属于此类。这些资料除了作为了解竞争对手的动向外,更是研究开发新产品所不可或缺的构想来源。该类可细分为:51产品目录、52产品说明书、53技术说明书、54营业说明书、55企业说明书、56PR促进表。
杜威十进制图书分类法

杜威十进制图书分类法
杜威十进制图书分类法(Dewey Decimal Classification)是由美国图书馆学家马克斯·西厄(Melvil Dewey)创建的图书分类法,该分类法为各类书籍设定了带有一位或三位数字的分类号。
这种分类法将书籍分为十大类,每个大类又分为更小的子类,最小的分类号有三位数字。
杜威十进制图书分类法包括十大类:000 综合、100 理论和实践,200 宗教和科学、300 社会科学、400 语言、500 文学、600 技术、700 艺术、800 文学作品、900 地理和历史。
例如,书籍《中国古代史》属于历史方面,其分类号为900.1 。
900是代表通常历史,.1代表古代历史, .1后的号码是不同的古代历史的特定主题的子类。
杜威十进制图书分类法可以大大简化图书管理工作,使读者更方便地找到与所需信息有关的书籍,并为图书馆的管理提供了一种有用的基准。
这种分类法也是由许多国家、地区及机构采用的,如加拿大、澳大利亚、爱尔兰、新西兰、印度、斐济等,已成为国际上普遍使用的图书分类法。
总之,杜威十进制图书分类法是一种重要的图书分类法,它有利于改进图书管理工作,也是成千上万西方图书馆使用的图书分类法。
杜威十进制图书分类法 Dewey Decimal System of Classification

Dewey Decimal System of ClassificationIn 1876 Melvil Dewey devised a numbering system using numbers 000-999 for ten broad subject classes of nonfiction books. Each subject class (ex.: 500 for science) was divided into ten divisions, and each divisionwas then subdivided into related topics. This arrangement allows forevery known subject, as well as new subjects, to be classified. Robots, space travel and television are examples of recent topics not known to Mr. Dewey in 1876. Yet his numbering plan expands to accommodate their inclusion in the technology class and will continue to include newly invented topics in their subject classes. The Dewey Decimal Classification outline on p. 3 shows examples of main classes, divisions and subdivisions.It would be useful to you as a media assistant to learn the ten main Dewey classes and try to remember some topics included in each class. For example, the 600’s Technology, include inventions and “man-made” science topics, and the 500’s Pure Science, include nature, the universe, and mathematics. Library users will frequently ask questions of you concerning the location of such general topics. As you work in the media collection, observe the grouping of similar subjects and their Dewey numbers.When a nonfiction book or item of media arrives in the library, it must be assigned a classification number and be processed before being placedon the shelf for circulation. The librarians selects the Dewey classification number which identifies the subject or topics in the book, if the publisher has not assigned the classification number at publication. From the assigned classification number and the first three letters of the author’s last name, a call number is derived to give the book or item a shelf location in the media collection. For example, Sports and Games, by the author Harold Keith, would be assigned the Dewey classification number 796, and the letters Kei would be placed under the number to derive the call number or shelf location 796 Kei. One step in processing a new book is attaching the spine label on the lower portion of the spine of the book before it is placed in numberical order with other items in the 796 subdivision. Suppose the 790 location in the 700’s section had the following call numbers already in place:790 790.1 793 794.5 794.8 796.35Ber Tho Ada Byr Hol AlbYou would place 796 before 796.35 because 796 is less than 796.35 Kei AlbIn your math class the number 796.35 would be explained: seven hundred ninety-six and thirty-five hundredths.In the library we would say: seven hundred ninety six point thirty five.Decimals are used in subdivision numbers to give similar subjects their own specific numbers. For example:796.3Ball games796.31Ball thrown or hit by hand (bowling, handball)796.32Inflated ball thrown or hit by hand (basketball)796.33Inflated ball drive by foot (football)796.34Ball drive by club or mallet (polo, croquet)796.352 Golf796.357 BaseballIt is important to understand the place value of each digit in a decimal number. A number with several digits may have a smaller value than a number with fewer digits. Materials are always arranged in order by numberical value, regardless of the number of digits. Remember, 0 has no numerical value but it does have place value. For example, the following call numbers are in the correct order:796.001 796.01 796.389 796.4 796.536 796.8 Dar All Bla Gra Fre WilI*f decimal numbers with several digits are confusing to you, one way to clarify their value is to mentally add 0’s to hold place value to the right of the decimal point. So that you can compare the numbers by tenths, thousandths, etc. For example, think of 796.4 as 796.400 and you can see that it is larger than 796.385 but smaller than 796.536.*Walk around the media center and label each of these areas on the blank map:Book Return Atlas StandNC North Carolina Paperback RacksRef Reference SC Short Story collection Copier MagazinesPencil Sharpener Graphic novels000 Generalities 100 Philosophy & Psychology 200 Religion 300 Social Sciences400 Language 500 Natural Sciences & Math 600 Technology & Applied Sciences700 Arts, Sports, Recreation 800 Literature & Rhetoric900 Geography, History, BiographyFiction by Genre Circulation DeskAdventureRomance Color and B&W PrinterSci FicFantasy Dictionary StandMulticulturalSports New BooksContemporary RealismHistorical Fiction OPAC (Card Catalog Computers) ThrillerMysteryShelving MaterialsThe media collection of any school library is made up of print and nonprint media classified and arranged in sections which include:Fiction (made up or imaginary stories)∙The symbol Fic is placed over the first three letters of the author’s last name to provide a call number and shelf location.Ex: Little Women by Louisa Alcott, would have the call number FAlc∙Fiction books are shelved in alphabetical order by the author s’ last names. Two or more books by the same author would beshelved alphabetically by titles. Ex: Little Men by Louisa Alcott,would be shelved before Little Women.∙Books written by two authors with the same last name would be alphabetized by their first names. Ex: Books by C. Paul Jacksonwould be shelved before books by Jesse Jackson.Use the examples below to practice putting these rules to use. Arrange the call numbers in correct shelf order:F F F F F F F F F FRea Law Row Hay Blu Bro Alc Whi Lon Kip_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____F F F F F F F F F FSyc Sim See Sug Suc Sic Syk Ruc Shu Rab_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____F F F F F F F F F FSki Roo Sab Sub Sit Res Ade Ned Pef Ack_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Short Story Collection (several imaginary stories bound in one volume written by one or more authors). These are located at the end of the fiction section in our library.∙The symbol SC with the first three letters of the author, editor or compiler’s last name underneath is used to make the call number.∙Ex: Just So Stories by Rudyard Kipling, would have the callKip∙Just like fiction books, short story collections are shelved in alphabetical order by the authors’, editors’ or compiler’s last name.Two or more books by the same author would be shelvedalphabetically by titles. Ex: Fantastic Creatures by Issac Asimov,would be shelved before Fifty Short Science Fiction Tales.∙Books by two authors with the same last name would be alphabetized by their first names. Ex: Books by C. Paul Jacksonwould be shelved before books by Jesse Jackson.Nonfiction (Factual information)∙Dewey Decimal Classification numbers identify the subject class and hav e the first three letters of the author’s last nameunderneath to make the call number.Ex: Whales by Beryl Evans, would have the call number 599Eva∙Nonfiction is shelved in numerical order, beginning with the lowest number on the left and increasing as you move to the right.∙When two or more Dewey Decimal numbers are identical, books are shelved in alphabetical order by the author’s last names.Ex: 595.7 595.7Ber Bro(Berk) (Brooks)∙When two or more call numbers (Dewey Decimal Numbers and author letters) are identical, check the authors’ last names.Authors with different last names are shelved in alphabetical order by last names.Ex: 595.7 595.7Bro Bro(Brooks) (Brown)∙Authors with the same last names are shelved in alphabetical order by last names.Ex: 595.7 595.7Bro Bro(Charles Brown) (Phyllis Brown)∙As in fiction, books with identical call numbers by the same author are alphabetized by title.Ex: 595.7 595.7Bro Bro(Butterflies by Phyllis Brown) (Insect Pests by Phyllis Brown)Use the examples below to practice putting these rules to use. Arrange the call numbers in correct shelf order. Write out the entire call number: 759.06 741.092 741.1 745.5 745.92 750.01 Com Jac Pic Lec Cic Kek_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ 257.14 257.11 257.05 257.132 257.011 257Sec Ruk Les Bec Pot Kis_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____500 501 500.9 507.2 507.21 510Ben Ada Bro Sel Day Ton_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____331.8 331.09 332 331 345.09 345.1Mat Gre Arl Mol Bal Sto_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____551.29 551 551.4 551.07 555.07 551.01Mil Hen You Ada Sto Fow_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____629 629.4 629.133 629 629.03 629.41 Abe Lin Bat Mas Gre Smi_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Special collections of nonfiction - Biography∙Biography (true story of a person’s life)The call number 921 is used with the name of the person the book is written about.Ex: Life of John F. Kennedy has the call number 921Ken (Kennedy)∙The Biography section is arranged alphabetically by the name of the person the book is about (the biographee).Ex: 921 921 921 921Joh Ken Kin Lee(Johnson) (Kennedy) (King) (Lee)∙When several authors have written books about the same person, check the title page for the author’s name and arrange all booksabout one person in order by the author’s name.Ex: Books about Abraham Lincoln are shelved:921The Living Lincoln by Paul AngleLin921Abraham Lincoln’s World by Genevieve FosterLin921America’s Abraham Lincoln by May McNeerLin921Mr. Lincoln by James RandallLin921Abraham Lincoln by Carl SandburgLin∙An autobiography is the story of a person’s life written by h imself.It has the call number 921 and his name and is shelvedalphabetically with other biographies.Ex: 921 The Story of My Life by Helen KellerKel∙When two or more biography or autobiography call numbers are identical, the same rules apply as for nonfiction.Special collections of nonfiction – Collective Biography∙Collective biography (true stories of several people in one book by one or more authors)∙The number 920 is used with the first three letters of the author’s or editor’s last name.Ex: 920 920 920 920Ada For Jon Kin∙The books in the collective biography section are arranged alphabetically by the authors’ last names.∙When two or more collective biography call numbers are identical, the same rules apply as for nonfiction.Special collections of nonfiction – Reference∙Reference Collection (factual information shelved in a separate location; usually checked out for overnight use only)∙Ref is located above the Dewey Decimal Classification number and the first three letters of the au thor’s last name or main entry name.Ex: Trees by Herbert Zim has the call number Ref592Zim∙Reference material is shelved in numerical order and alphabetized by the author letters according to the same rules for nonfiction.Special collections of nonfiction – North Carolina Collection∙In many libraries media about or related to the home state is organized into a separate collection. People of significance,historical and geographical information, authors or literaryproducers are among topics included.∙The symbol NC is placed above the Dewey Decimal Classification number in specified locations on the media and on the cards in the card catalog. Ex: NC975.6Har∙The North Carolina Collection is shelved by Dewey Decimal Classification and includes fiction, nonfiction and biographicalmaterials.Special collections of nonfiction -- Professional∙Professional materials are shelved separately for the use of teachers and staff)∙The symbol Prof or Pro is used above the Dewey Decimal Classification number and the first three letters of the author’s last name to derive the call number. Ex: Prof362.7Ada∙Professional materials are shelved in numerical order and alphabetized by the author letters according to the same rules asfor nonfiction.Special collections of nonfiction – Audio Visual Collection∙AV materials are processed and filed by the Dewey Decimal System of classification on our shelves. Whenever possible, they areinterfiled into the regular media collection. In the call number, the kind of media is printed on the line above the Dewey Classification number for easy identification. When shelved in the regularcollection, the name of the type of media is ignored and the AVmaterial is shelved in Dewey order along with other media.These include Cas for cassettes, Vid for videorecordings, Rec fordisc recordings, Las for laserdiscs, etc.Special collections of nonfictionUse the following list of special collections to identify the type of material the call number represents:Biography Collective Biography North CarolinaReference Professional AVStory Collection_______________ SC _______________ CasWhi 398.2Alf_______________ Ref030 _______________ (A book checked outWor for only 1 night)_______________ Vid _______________ (A book about the599.5 presidents wives)Les_______________ (A book used by_______________ 920 teachers only)Wom_______________ Best Short Stories _______________ 921Ada_______________ Pro364ZizShelving MaterialsPut each section in the correct order.A. _____ 997.6B. _____ 301.45C. _____ 629.1309Fai Meo Rei_____ 976.4 _____ 301.45 _____ 629.109 Bro Ano Lin_____ 977 _____ 301.42 _____ 629.13 Tol Joh Zoe_____ 973.7 _____ 301.24 _____ 629.2 Kol Bre Tra_____ 977.6 _____ 301.43 _____ 629.14 Wol Lon PenD. _____ FE. _____ RF. _____ SCRea 030 WhiWor_____ F _____ R _____ SCLaw 423 LonWeb_____ F _____ R _____ SCRow 599 KipZim_____ F _____ R _____ SCHay 001.09 AbaCoh_____ F _____ R _____ SCBlu 317.3 BroWorG. _____ 629 _____ 551.29 _____ 331.8Abe Wan Mat_____ 629.4 _____ 551 _____ 331.09 Bet Val Gre_____ 619.133 _____ 551.4 _____ 332 Bel Gre Arl_____ 629 _____ 551.07 _____ 331 Mes Per Mol_____ 629.03 _____ 555.07 _____ 345.1 Gre Sal BalJ. _____ 759.06 K._____ 257.14 L._____ 624.7 Com Sec Bur_____ 741.092 _____ 257.11 _____ 623.7 Jac Ruk Suh_____ 741.1 _____ 257.05 _____ 621.77 Pic Leg Top_____ 745.5 _____ 257.011 _____ 621.808 Lec Pot Ear_____ 745.92 _____ 257 _____ 625.12 Cic Kis Hip_____ 750.01 _____ 257.01 _____ 623.92 Kek Rat Gon_____ 759.6 _____ 257.13 _____ 621.7 Buc Vat Zap_____ 750.1 _____ 257.1 _____ 625.28 Nad Was Bub_____ 714 _____ 257.144 _____ 625.01 Ack Yit Bic_____ 755.9 _____ 257.11 _____ 625.29 Wil Too Kat_____ 755.99 _____ 257.21Mym JubUsing the online card catalog/OPAC give the title and call number for one book in our media center on each of these subjects:Travel in the United StatesDinosaurs_____________________________________________________________________ Snakes_____________________________________________________________________ Football_____________________________________________________________________ Painting_____________________________________________________________________ Weather_____________________________________________________________________ Tattoo_____________________________________________________________________ Computer Games_____________________________________________________________________ Eating Disorders_____________________________________________________________________ Italian cooking_____________________________________________________________________ Landscaping_____________________________________________________________________Reading ShelvesReading shelves will be one of your regular tasks as a library science student. Reading shelves requires you to check each book or itemon each shelf in your assigned section to make sure it is in thecorrect order by call number. Other related duties in readingshelves include:∙Dusting∙Pulling media to the edge of the shelf so that no items are hidden for view.∙Removal of any materials that do not belong in the section.For example, you might find Ref598.1Jacshelved in the 500’s section among 598.1’s. You should remove such mis-shelved materials so that they can be reshelved properly.Remember, a mis-shelved book is a lost book.A book end should be used at the end of each shelf. Books should bespaced loosely to allow easy removal and reshelving.。
杜威十进图书分类法(Dewey

杜威十进图书分类法(Dewey Decimal Classification)是由美国图书馆专家麦尔威·杜威发明的,对世界图书馆分类学有相当大的影响,已翻译成西班牙文、中文、法文、挪威文、土耳其文、日文、增伽罗文、葡萄牙文、泰文等出版,并被上述国家的一些图书馆和英语国家的大部分图书馆采用,美国几乎所有公共图书馆和学校图书馆都采用这种分类法.杜威十进分类法(Dewey Decimal Classification,DDC)是广为全球各地图书馆使用的分类法.这个分类系统最早在1873年时Melvil Dewey有此分类构想,而于1876年正式出版.目前,负责DDC出版的是Forest Press,而它于1988年成为OCLC下的一个部门.DDC已被全球超过135个国家的图书馆使用,并且被翻译逾30种语言,包括阿拉伯文、中文、法文、希腊文、希伯来文、意大利文、波斯文、俄文、西班牙文及土耳其文等.在美国,有95%的公共图书馆及学校图书馆、25%的学院及大学图书馆及20%的专门图书馆使用DDC.此外,DDC 更能用来组织网际网络上的各种资源.DDC共出版两种版本形式:完整版及节缩版,其中节缩版主要是提供馆藏量低于20,000册的图书馆使用.完整版在1996年出版的第21版,共计四大册,内容分为九大部分:第一册中主要是描述21版新增特色、杜威十进分类法简介及使用方法、名词解释及索引、复分表及20版与21版之间之异同比较;第二册及第三册则是分类法的全文;第四册则是提供相关索引(Relative Index)及实际进行分类时之指引.2003年9月OCLC正式出版了DDC第22版的印刷版,即DDC22,其电子版已于2003年6月推出. DDC22对DDC21进行了全面的常规修订,即对类目进行了增、删、改,主要包括:(1)修订复分表:取消附表7(人员复分表),将附表5的名称由"人种、种族和民族表"改为"种族和民族表",并对其中有关种族发展的类目进行了适当的修改和删减;对附表2、附表3、附表6页进行了一些必要的修改.(2)修改类名:主要是为了适应科学技术的发展和科学术语的变化.(3)插入新主题:主要是增加了许多新类号和新词.(4)调整类目位置.DDC22根据社会和科学技术的发展,对一些明显不合逻辑或者不合时宜的类目进行了删改和调整.另外的一个重大修订是对DDC手册进行了大幅度的删节,即把手册中一些容易在分类表中表达的信息转移出去,并删除手册与分类表重复的冗余信息.DDC22下载地址:Download the DDC 22 Summaries (PDF format; 20 pages)/dewey/resources/summaries/deweysummaries.pdfDDC的长处之一在于它能不断的维护发展.目前,它的维护是由美国国会图书馆所负责,有专门的部门负责反应新文献成长的趋势与使用者的需求.DDC是用传统的学科来分类,总共以10个主要的学科(main classes)来涵括所有的知识体系,每个大类下细分10类(divisions),接着又再分成10小类(sections).DDC中每个学科都会给予特定范围的数字来表示,它的十个大类(main classes)分别是:000 Generalities 总类100 Philosophy 哲学类200 Religion 宗教类300 Social sciences 社会科学类400 Language 语文类500 Pure sciences 自然科学类600 Technology 应用科学类700 The arts 艺术类800 Literature 文学类900 General geography & history 史地类000通用一般010 目录学020图书馆和信息科学030普通百科全书040语言050一般连续出版物060一般组织和博物馆学070期刊、出版、报纸080一般收藏090手稿和珍本书100哲学和相关科学110形而上学120认识论,因果论、人类130超自然的现象和行为140特殊哲学观点150心理学160逻辑学170伦理学(道德哲学)180古代的、中世纪的、东方的190现代的、西方的哲学200宗教210自然宗教220圣经230基督教理论240基督教信念和祈祷250地方教会和宗教职务260俗世和教会的神学270教会的历史和地理280基督教教派和宗派290其他的和类似的宗教300社会科学310统计学312数学320政治科学330经济学340法律350公共行政360社会问题和服务370教育380商业(贸易)390风俗、礼仪、民俗400语言410语言学420英语和昂格罗-撒克逊语言430日耳曼语言德语440罗曼语言法语450意大利语、罗马尼亚语、里托-罗曼语460西班牙和葡萄牙的诸语言470意大利的诸语言拉丁语480希腊语系古典希腊语490其他语言500纯科学510数学520天文学及其相关学科530物理学540化学及其相关学科550地球科学及其他星球科学560古生物学570生命科学各学科580植物科学各学科590动物科学各学科600技术(应用科学)610医学620工程及相关操作630农业及相关技术640家庭经济学及日用技术650管理及附属服务660化学品及相关技术670制造业680特殊用途的制造690建筑700艺术710城市和景观艺术720建筑艺术730雕塑艺术740装饰艺术和小型艺术750美术760书法艺术、印刷770摄影艺术780音乐790娱乐和演出艺术800文学(纯文学)810美国英语文学820英国及昂格罗-撒克逊文学830日耳曼语言文学840罗曼语言文学850意大利语、罗马尼亚语、里托-罗曼语文学860西班牙和葡萄牙的诸语言文学870意大利的诸语言拉丁语文学880希腊语系希腊语文学890其他语言文学900普通地理和历史910普通地理旅行920普通传记和系谱学930古代历史940欧洲历史950亚洲历史960非洲历史970北美洲历史980南美洲历史990其他地区历史。
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OPAC: Library DetectivesNames: Janelle Brojakowski Grade Level: 3Subject: Dewey Decimal Classification System Time: Beginning of a six week unit OPACPurpose: This lesson is a follow-up to the Dewey Decimal Classification System introductory lesson/activity. This lesson will expose the students to OPAC showing them how to locate information using appropriate sources and strategies.Essential Questions:1.Why is it important for libraries to have the Dewey Decimal ClassificationSystem?2.How can using the OPAC you access information effectively and efficiently in theLMC?3.How can you use the OPAC to help you with a class assignment?4.What is Easy about using the OPAC?5.What is Difficult about using the OPAC?Material Needed:Group Book StripsLibrary Detective Group ActivityStudent LanyardsOPAC PowerPoint Presentation: Search and Find It’s Your Destiny!PA Standards: 1.6 Listening and Speaking1.6.5.A Listen to others1.6.5.D Contribute to discussion1.6.5.F Use Media for learning purpose1.8.5.B Locate information using appropriate sources and strategiesKey Vocabulary: OPAC; Dewey Decimal System; Classification; Melvil Dewey; Fiction; Non-Fiction; Easy Fiction (Picture Books); BiographyProcedures:1. Students enter the library and have a seat on the carpet. The students and the teacher say the Library Chant: “Crisscross, Apple Sauce; Zip it, L ock it, Put it in your Pocket; Fold your hands; Put them on your lap; Following directions is as easy as thatSNAP!!!!!2. The teacher engages the students in a conversation regarding the lesson/activity and information in which they have previously been exposed to the Dewey Decimal Classification System. Reviewing the Essential Question which was discussed in the previous lesson: “How will understanding the Dewey Decimal Classification System help you become an independent library user?” Explain to the students that they are now going to build upon this knowledge.3. Go over the Directions for the “Library Detective” Activity which are already placed on the whiteboard.1.At your assigned computer view the Power Point Presentation on theDewey Decimal Classification System. (For grades K-3 this activity willbe done whole group – with the teacher asking questions that pertain toeach individual slide)2.After the Power Point Presentation sit with your Table Pods.3.Within the Table Pods there are “Four” slips of paper which each containthe name of a book as well as the author. (all of the papers are turned overin the center of the table – each student picks one).4.Following the steps outlined in the Power Point each student must findhis/her book. Dewey lanyards and/or posters displayed in the library mayalso be used as reference tools.5.Once the group members find their books they “Meet and Discuss” in theirTable Pods. The recorder in each group (Which has already beendetermined at the beginning of each month) will record the group responseon the “Library Detective” activity sheet.Evaluation/Assessment:1.After students have completed the “Library Detective” activity invite the m to siton the carpet again for a whole class “Meet and Discuss”. Referring back to the“Essential Question s” of the lesson s.2.Each group will be evaluated on the “Library Detective” Activity Group Sheet forthe location and classification of each required book.“Library Detective”Fiction Book:Title:___________________________________________________________________ Author: _________________________________________________________________ Dewey Decimal Classification Number: _______________________________________ Non-Fiction Book:Title:___________________________________________________________________ Author: _________________________________________________________________ Dewey Decimal Classification Number: _______________________________________ Easy Fiction (Picture Books):Title:___________________________________________________________________ Author: _________________________________________________________________ Dewey Decimal Classification Number: _______________________________________ Biography:Title:___________________________________________________________________ Author: _________________________________________________________________ Dewey Decimal Classification Number: _______________________________________。