西班牙语原形动词的短语
西班牙语基本句型42种（十八）
西班牙语基本句型42种（十八）三十五：陈述式将来未完成、完成及不规则动词的将来时Compraré[1] una quitarra . … 我将要买吉它。
基本句型Mañ ana iremos a ver* la corrida[f.] de toros[m.].(我们将明天去观看斗牛。
)[*ir+a+ 原形动词－表示“将要---”]El vendrá[2]mañ ana.(他可能明天来。
)Tomaré una taza* de café.(我要喝一杯咖啡。
)Necesitaré un par de zapatos.(我需要一双皮鞋。
)参考： taza (*大碗、大杯)，vaso(杯)，botella(瓶)，toro(公牛)，vaca(母牛)，ternero(小牛)， leche de vaca(牛奶) carne de vaca[res](牛肉)，carne de [chancho]cerdo(猪肉)，carne de carnero(羊肉)。
语法分析①标注[1]为规则动词“comprar”(买)的陈述式将来未完成时第一人称单数形。
规则动词的陈述式将来未完成时构成；原形动词＋词尾[-é、-ás、-á、-emos、-éis、-án.]如：hablaré /(-ás、-á、-emos、-éis、-án.)comeré /(-ás、-á、-emos、-éis、-án.)viviré /(-ás、-á、-emos、-éis、-án.)②标注[2]为不规则动词(venir)的陈述式将来未完成时第三人称单数形。
不规则动词的陈述式将来未完成时(词尾变化与规则动词相同) ；poder —podré, podrás, podrá, podremos, podréis, podrán.querer —querré, --- etc.saber —sabré, --- etc.poner —pondré,--- etc.tener —tedré, --- etc.venir —vendré,--- etc.salir —saldré,--- etc.hacer —haré, --- etc.decir —diré, --- etc.③陈述式将来完成时构成；助动词“haber”的将来未完成时＋动词过去分词如：Mi padre habrá llegado a Españ a ya.(我父亲可能已经到了西班牙。
西班牙语语法完整版
西班牙语语法大全西班牙语的一般特点。
Pedro está en casa, y sus hermanas han ido a una tienda cercana. 彼得罗在家里，而他的姐妹们去了附近一家商店。
一、名词的阴、阳性和单、复数1．名词的性（Género del sustantivo）西班牙语的名词有阳性和阴性之别可以根据词尾来加以辨认：* 以o结尾的名词大多为阳性。
如：plato (盘子), oso (公熊), pato (雄鸭)但有少数以o结尾的名词为阴性。
如：foto(照片), moto (摩托车), mano (手)* 以a 结尾的名词大多为阴性。
如：mesa (桌子), pluma (钢笔), camisa (衬衣)但有少数以a 结尾的名词为阳性。
如：mapa (地图)，sofá（沙发）, problema （问题），sistema （系统）* 用缩写形式m. (masculino)表示阳性，f. (femenino)表示阴性。
* 以其他元音或辅音结尾的名词的词性没有一定之规estudiante m. f.* 阳性名词变阴性形式以o结尾的名词，把o改为a 而构成阴性形式。
hijo 儿子— hija 女儿abuelo 祖父，外公— abuela 祖母，外婆perro 狗— perra 母狗以辅音结尾的阳性名词，一般在辅音后加上a 构成阴性形式。
señor先生—señora女士，夫人pintor 画家— pintora 女画家某些名词阳性变阴性时，词尾变化不规则。
actor 演员— actriz 女演员有些名词阴性、阳性形式各不相同。
padre 父亲— madre 母亲caballo 公马— yegua 母马gallo 公鸡— gallina 母鸡阳性名词以a 结尾，在变成阴性形式时不能再改变词尾。
artista, pianista, periodista.argentino --- argentina2．名词的数（Número del sustantivo）名词有数的范畴。
千奕西班牙语初级语法学习：西班牙语动词
千奕西班牙语初级语法学习：西班牙语动词
动词
西班牙语的动词体系复杂，有很多不同的时态。
在不同的时态中根据不同的动词和人称有不同的变位方式。
通常西班牙语的动词分为三类：以-ar结尾的动词、以-er结尾的动词和以-ir结尾的动词。
以现在时为例：
动词原形 hablar(说) comer(吃) vivir(住)
一人称单数 hablo como vivo
一人称复数 hablamos comemos vivimos
第二人称单数 hablas comes vives
第二人称复数habláis coméis vivís
第三人称单数(包括第二人称敬称) habla come vive
第三人称复数(包括第二人称敬称) hablan comen viven
西班牙语是曲折语。
西班牙语的陈述语序通常是“主-谓-宾”结构。
西班牙语的感叹句、疑问句分别要在前加上倒感叹号、倒问号，後面加上感叹号、问号。
例如：¿Qué es esto?(这是什么?)iNo es verdad!(那不是真的!)。
西班牙语基本句型42种（六）
西班牙语基本句型42种（六）十一：不规则动词“ir”陈述式现在时与“ir ＋ a ＋原形动词”El Sr.Wang va[1] a Barcelona para ver la Olimpiada.…王先生为观看奥运会去巴塞罗那。
基本句型Juan va[2] a la iglesia.(胡安去教堂。
)Nosotros vamos a ir al cine esta noche.(我们今晚将去电影院。
) Vamos a comer.(我们去吃饭吧[吃饭吧]。
)Ellos van a ver[3] la corrida de toros.(他们将观看斗牛。
)Voy con mi amiga a la discoteca.(我和我的女朋友去迪斯高舞厅。
)语法分析①标注[1]为不规则动词“ir”的陈述式现在时第三人称单数形。
不规则动词“ir”的陈述式现在时动词变位；“ir” ~ [voy、vas、va、vamos、vaís、van.]·标注[2] ~ 动词“ir”之后有表示场所的《名词》时，必须在《名词》前要有前置词“a”。
②标注[3] ~ “ir”＋ a ＋原形动词~ 表示《想做---》的将来时态。
(相当于英语中的[be going to])如：¿ Qué va a hacer mañana ?(明天将要做什么？)Voy a ir de compras[4].(我将去采购食物。
)③标注[4]为阴性名词(买、买来的食物)。
十二：所有形容词与所有代词Mi[1] casa es bonita . … 我的房子是漂亮。
基本句型Tus padres están de viaje.(你父母在旅行中。
)Su pasaporte está en orden*.[*m.(秩序)](在您的护照上没有异常。
)Tu maleta y la mía[2] están allá.(你的手提包和我的在那儿。
西班牙语写作中常见原形动词短语
小编为大家整理西班牙语写作中常见原形动词的短语:preparar + n. + para + inf为什么事情做准备venir + a + inf(来做某事)estar + listo + para + inf准备好了干某事ser +形容词+ inf;要干什么事情怎么样ayudar + a + alguien + {en + n.}o{ a + inf} 帮助某人干某事estar + ocupado + en +algo忙于干某事deber + inf;应该干某事preferir+inf; 令愿，更爱干某事volver + a + inf; 重新干某事estar junto con ;和某人在一起junto + adesear + inf ; acerca de;关于pasear + por ; apetecer + inf /algo entrar + ende buena calidad; 质量好sacar +de ;从那里取出hacer el favor + de + inf请干某事acabar de + inf ;刚刚结束invitar + a + alguien +a +(país / inf.)邀请permitir + alguien + inf.允许某人干某事Estar + encantado + de + inf 高兴。
mucho gusto + de + inf 很高兴。
de pie站着a pie 步行Estar + lleno + de +algo;装满了。
al fondo del pasillo; 走廊尽头distinguir algo de algo 区分。
arriba + de在上面separar en los partes / separar algo de algo;分开。
viajar +a /por;到那里旅游apearse +de上去subir +a ;下来ordenar + alguien + a + inf;命令某人干某事asistir +a ;出席。
西班牙语动词ir用法大全
西班牙语动词ir用法大全1、ir+a 去某地（a+el=al）ej：ir a la playa 去海滩ir al campo 去农村el parque 公园el parque de diversiones 游乐场la piscina 游泳池el gimnasio 健身房el centro comercial 商业中心el museo 博物馆el restaurante 饭店el cine 电影院la escuela 学校la tienda 商店la biblioteca 图书馆la iglesia 教堂a. XX去哪儿？¿Adónde vas? 你去哪？b. 加上时间：a+la（las）+小时+y+分钟例如：¿Adónde van los chicos a las siete y media?那些孩子七点半去哪儿啊？2、一般疑问句：主语和动词位置调换即可。
例如：¿Ustedes van a la biblioteca? 您们去图书馆吗？3、 ir+a+inf. （动词原形）将要去做某事例如；Voy a visitar México. 我要去参观墨西哥。
4、 ir a por algo. (西班牙地区使用，有寻找的意思。
）Mamá, voy a por las llaves. （同样的意思，Mamá voy a buscar las llaves.）妈妈，我去拿钥匙。
ir a por algo, 有去寻找的意思。
Mum, I am going to look for my keys.5、ir a por alguién.西班牙地区使用，有两种意思。
）voy a por ti 意思是，voy a buscar por ti. 我去找你。
例句：Voy a por ti, cuando llegues al aeropuerto.你到机场的时候，我去接你。
西班牙语入门语法：原形动词的用法
西班牙语入门语法：原形动词的用法动词的非人称形式有三种：原形动词，副动词，过去分词。
没有时、数和人称的变化。
下面和千奕西语小编一起了解下原形动词的用法。
一、原形动词的形式*简单形式三种词尾：-ar, -er, -irtrabajar, comer, escribir* 复合形式由haber加上变位动词的过去分词构成haber trabajado, haber comido, haber escrito* 复合原形动词的用法和简单原形动词一样，但复合原形动词表示在主要动词(不论什么时态)的动作之前完成的动作。
Temo haberle molestado.Deberías habérmelo dicho antes.Tras haber leído las instrucciones, supe cómo usar la maquinilla.而简单原形动词则表示与主要动词的动作同时发生的未完成动作。
Estoy contenta de conversar con ustedes.Estoy contenta de haber conversado con ustedes.二、原形动词的特性相当于阳性动名词，有一些已成为普通名词，如pesar, haber, deber等，作为名词，它们可以有复数形式，可以带冠词、指示形容词、物主形容词等，如el dormir, un suponer, mi parecer, un hermoso amanecer。
原形动词兼有名词和动词的特性：Le ha agotado el incesante trabajar.Le ha agotado trabajar incesantemente.三、原形动词作为名词可以承担名词在句子中承担的各项职能。
1.主语Estudiar es tu obligación.En aquellos años, ingresar en la universidad constituía su mayor deseo.常用作第三人称动词的主语，第三人称动词如：convenir, importar, gustar, ser bueno, ser malo等Te conviene venir.Me gusta cantar.Es bueno tomar precauciones.Me pareció necesario consultar a los técnicos antes de llevar a cabo el proyecto.2.表语Eso es trabajar.Querer es poder.Lo que tenemos que hacer es escuchar.3.直接补语Pienso salir.Si lograban comerciar más fácilmente con Asia, ganarían mucho dinero.Intentaremos terminar la construcción lo antes posible.以上例句中，主要动词的主语和原形动词的主语是一致的。
西班牙语语法完整版
西班牙语语法完整版西班牙语语法大全西班牙语的一般特点。
Pedro está en casa, y sus hermanas han ido a una tienda cercana. 彼得罗在家里，而他的姐妹们去了附近一家商店。
Pedro Estáen casa释义彼得罗（男名）在（原形：estar）家语法意义名词动词（陈述式一般现在时，第三人称单数变位）前置词（表地点）名词（阴性）功能主语谓语动词地点状语y sus hermanas han ido a una tiendacercana释义和他的姐妹们去（原形：ir）一家商店附近的语法意义连接词物主形容词（复数形式）名词（阴性，复数）动词（现在完成时，第三人称复数）前置词（表动作方向）不定冠词（阴性）名词（单数，阴性）形容词（单数，阴性形式）功能并列连接主语谓语动词地点状语一、名词的阴、阳性和单、复数1．名词的性（Género del sustantivo）西班牙语的名词有阳性和阴性之别可以根据词尾来加以辨认：* 以o结尾的名词大多为阳性。
如：plato (盘子), oso (公熊), pato (雄鸭)但有少数以o结尾的名词为阴性。
如：foto(照片), moto (摩托车), mano (手)* 以a 结尾的名词大多为阴性。
如：mesa (桌子), pluma (钢笔), camisa (衬衣)但有少数以a 结尾的名词为阳性。
如：mapa (地图)，sofá（沙发）, problema （问题），sistema （系统）* 用缩写形式m. (masculino)表示阳性，f. (femenino)表示阴性。
* 以其他元音或辅音结尾的名词的词性没有一定之规estudiante m. f.* 阳性名词变阴性形式以o结尾的名词，把o改为a 而构成阴性形式。
hijo 儿子— hija 女儿abuelo 祖父，外公— abuela 祖母，外婆perro 狗— perra 母狗以辅音结尾的阳性名词，一般在辅音后加上a 构成阴性形式。
西班牙语500个常用动词
西班牙语500个常用动词————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：500 most used Spanish verbs1. abatir - to knock down, to overthrow, to throw down2. abrasar - to burn, to set on fire3. abrazar - to embrace, to hug; to clamp4. abrir - to open5. absolver - to absolve, to acquit6. abstenerse - to abstain7. aburrir - to annoy, to bore, to vex8. aburrirse - to be bored, to grow tired, to grow weary9. acabar - to finish, to end, to complete10. acelerar - to accelerate, to speed, to hasten, to hurry11. aceptar - to accept12. acercar - to bring near, to place near13. acercarse - to approach, to draw near14. acertar - to hit the mark, to hit upon, to do (something) right, to succeed in, to guess right15. aclamar - to acclaim, to applaud, to shout, to hail16. aclarar - to explain, to clarify, to make clear, to rinse, to clear17. acompañar - to accompany, to escort, to go with, to keep company18. aconsejar - to advise, to counsel19. acordar - to agree (upon)20. acordarse - to remember21. acostarse - to go to bed, to lie down22. acostumbrar - to be accustomed23. acuchillar - to knife, to cut, to flash, to cut open24. acudir - to attend, to be present frequently, to respond (to a call), to come to the rescue25. acusar - to accuse26. adelantar - to advance, to keep on, to progress, to go ahead27. adelantarse - to go forward, to go ahead, to move ahead, to take the lead28. adivinar - to divine, to foretell, to guess29. admirar - to admire30. admitir - to admit, to grant, to permit31. adoptar - to adopt32. adorar - to adore, to worship33. adquirir - to acquire, to get, to obtain34. advertir - to advise, to give notice, to give warning, to take notice of, to warn35. afeitarse - to shave oneself36. agarrar - to grasp, to obtain, to seize, to catch, to clutch, to come upon37. agitar - to agitate, to wave, to shake up, to stir38. agotar - to exhaust, to use up39. agradar - to please, to be pleasing40. agradecer - to thank, to be thankful for41. agrandar - to enlarge, to grow larger, to increase42. agravar - to aggravate, to make worse43. agregar - to add, to collect, to gather, to aggregate, to collate44. agrupar - to group45. aguardar - to expect, to wait for46. ahorrar - to economize, to save47. alcanzar - to reach, to overtake48. alegrarse - to be glad, to rejoice49. almorzar - to lunch, to have lunch50. alquilar - to hire, to rent51. alumbrar - to illuminate, to light, to enlighten52. alumbrarse - to be (get) high, to get tipsy, to become lively (from liquor)53. alzar - to heave, to lift, to pick up, to raise (prices)54. amar - to love55. añadir - to add56. andar - to walk57. anunciar - to announce, to foretell, to proclaim58. apagar - to put out (flame, fire), to extinguish, to turn off (flame, fire, light)59. aparecer - to appear, to show up60. aplaudir - to applaud61. apoderarse - to take power, to take possession62. apreciar - to appreciate, to appraise, to esteem63. aprender - to learn64. apresurarse - to hasten, to hurry, to rush65. aprobar - to approve, to pass a test66. aprovecharse - to take advantage, to avail oneself67. apurarse - to fret, to grieve, to worry68. arrancar - to root up (out), to pull up (out), to tear off (away), to snatch69. arreglar - to fix, to arrange, to adjust, to regulate, to settle, to repair70. arrojar - to fling, to hurl, to throw71. articular - to articulate, to pronounce distinctly72. asegurar - to assure, to affirm, to assert, to insure73. asir - to seize, to grasp74. asistir - to attend, to assist, to be present75. asustarse - to be frightened, to be scared76. atacar - to attack77. atenerse - to rely on, to depend on78. atraer - to attract, to allure, to charm79. atravesar - to cross, to go through, to run through80. atreverse - to dare, to venture81. avanzar - to advance82. averiguar - to find out, to inquire, to investigate83. ayudar - to help, to aid, to assist84. bailar - to dance85. bajar - to lower, to let down, to come down, to go down, to descend86. balbucear - to stammer, to hesitate in speech87. bañarse - to bathe oneself, to take a bath88. barrer - to sweep, to whisk89. bastar - to be enough, to be sufficient, to suffice90. bautizar - to baptize, to christen91. beber - to drink92. bendecir - to bless, to consecrate93. borrar - to erase, to cross out94. bostezar - to yawn, to gape95. botar - to fling, to cast (away), to throw (away), to launch96. broncear - to bronze, to tan97. bullir - to boil, to bustle, to hustle, to stir98. burlarse - to make fun of, to poke fun at, to ridicule99. buscar - to look for, to seek100. caber - to be contained, to fit into101. caer - to fall102. caerse - to fall, to fall down, to tumble103. calentar - to heat (up), to warm (up)104. callarse - to be silent, to keep quiet105. calzar - to shoe, to wear (shoes), to put on (shoes)106. cambiar - to change107. caminar - to walk, to move along108. cansarse - to become tired, to become weary, to get tired 109. cantar - to sing110. caracterizar - to characterize111. cargar - to load, to burden112. casarse - to get married, to marry113. celebrar - to celebrate114. cenar - to have supper, to eat supper115. cepillar - to brush116. cerrar - to close117. certificar - to certify, to register (a letter), to attest118. charlar - to chat, to prattle119. chistar - to mumble, to mutter120. chupar - to suck121. cocinar - to cook122. coger - to seize, to take, to grasp, to grab, to catch123. colegir - to collect124. colgar - to hang (up)125. colocar - to put, to place126. comenzar - to begin, to commence, to start127. comer - to eat128. componer - to compose129. comprar - to buy, to purchase130. comprender - to understand131. conducir - to lead, to conduct, to drive132. confesar - to confess133. conocer - to know, to be acquainted with134. conseguir - to attain, to get, to obtain135. constituir - to constitute, to make up136. construir - to construct, to build137. contar - to count, to relate, to tell138. contener - to contain, to hold139. contestar - to answer, to reply140. continuar - to continue141. contribuir - to contribute142. convencer - to convince143. convenir - to agree, to convene144. convertir - to convert145. convocar - to call together, to convene, to convoke, to summon 146. corregir - to correct147. correr - to run, to race, to flow148. cortar - to cut, to cut off, to cut out149. costar - to cost150. crecer - to grow151. creer - to believe152. criar - to breed, to raise, to bring up (rear)153. cruzar - to cross154. cubrir - to cover155. cuidarse - to take care of oneself156. cumplir - to fulfill, to keep (a promise), to reach one's birthday (use with años)157. dar - to give158. deber - to owe, must, ought159. decidir - to decide160. decir - to say, to tell161. declarar - to declare162. dedicarse - to devote oneself163. defender - to defend164. dejar - to let, to permit, to allow, to leave165. delinquir - to be delinquent, to violate the law166. demostrar - to demonstrate, to prove167. denunciar - to denounce168. depender - to depend169. derribar - to knock down, to overthrow, to tear down, to throw down170. desayunarse - to breakfast, to have breakfast171. descansar - to rest172. describir - to describe, to delineate173. descubrir - to discover174. desear - to desire, to wish, to want175. desempeñar - to play (a part), to act (a part), to discharge, to perform (a duty), to take out of pawn176. deshacer - to undo, to destroy, to take apart177. despedirse - to take leave of, to say good-bye to178. despegar - to detach, to unglue, to unstuck, to take off (airplane) 179. desperezarse - to stretch oneself, to stretch one's arms and legs 180. despertarse - to wake up oneself181. destruir - to destroy182. desvestirse - to undress oneself, to get undressed183. detener - to stop (someone or something), to detain184. detenerse - to stop (oneself)185. devolver - to return (an object), to refund, to give back186. dibujar - to design, to draw, to sketch187. dirigir - to direct188. disculparse - to apologize, to excuse (oneself)189. discutir - to discuss190. dispensar - to excuse, to dispense, to distribute, to exempt 191. distinguir - to distinguish192. divertirse - to have a good time, to enjoy oneself193. divorciarse - to be (get) divorced194. doler - to ache, to pain, to hurt, to cause grief, to cause regret 195. dormir - to sleep196. ducharse - to take a shower, to shower oneself197. dudar - to doubt198. echar - to cast, to fling, to hurt, to pitch, to throw199. ejecutar - to execute, to carry out, to perform200. ejercer - to exercise, to practice (a professional)201. elegir - to elect, to select, to choose202. embeber - to soak in, to soak up, to suck in, to imbibe203. empezar - to begin, to start204. emplear - to employ, to use205. encender - to incite, to inflame, to kindle, to light206. encerrar - to enclose, to lock up, to confine207. encontrar - to meet, to encounter, to find208. enfadarse - to become angry209. enfermarse - to get sick, to fall sick, to become sick, to fall ill, to become ill210. enojarse - to become angry, to get angry, to get cross211. enseñar - to teach, to show, to point out212. entender - to understand213. entrar - to enter, to go (in), to come (in)214. entregar - to deliver, to hand over, to give215. enunciar - to enunciate, to state216. enviar - to send217. envolver - to wrap up218. equivocarse - to be mistaken219. erguir - to raise, to stand up straight220. errar - to err, to wander, to roam, to miss221. escoger - to choose, to select222. escribir - to write223. escuchar - to listen (to)224. esparcir - to scatter, to spread225. esperar - to expect, to hope, to wait (for)226. esquiar - to ski227. establecer - to establish228. estar - to be229. estimar - to estimate, to esteem, to respect, to value230. estudiar - to study231. exigir - to demand, to urge, to require232. explicar - to explain233. expresar - to express234. fabricar - to fabricate, to manufacture235. faltar - to be lacking, to be wanting, to lack, to miss, to need 236. felicitar - to congratulate, to felicitate237. festejar - to feast, to entertain, to celebrate238. fiar - to confide, to trust239. fijarse - to take notice, to pay attention, to settle240. fingir - to feign, to pretend241. firmar - to sign242. formar - to form, to shape243. fregar - to wash dishes, to scrub244. freír - to fry245. fumar - to smoke246. funcionar - to function, to run (machine)247. ganar - to earn, to gain, to win248. gastar - to spend (money), to wear out, to waste249. gemir - to grieve, to groan, to moan250. gobernar - to govern, to rule251. gozar - to enjoy252. gritar - to shout, to scream, to shriek, to cry out253. gruñir - to grumble, to grunt, to growl, to creak254. guiar - to lead, to guide255. gustar - to be pleasing (to), to like256. haber - to have (as an auxiliary, helping verb to form the compound tenses)257. habitar - to inhabit, to dwell, to live, to reside258. hablar - to talk, to speak259. hacer - to do, to make260. hallar - to find, to discover, to locate261. helar - to freeze262. heredar - to inherit263. herir - to harm, to hurt, to wound264. huir - to escape, to flee, to run away, to slip away265. ignorar - to be ignorant of, not to know266. impedir - to hinder, to impede, to prevent267. importar - to matter, to be important268. imprimir - to imprint, to impress, to print, to fix in the mind 269. incluir - to include, to enclose270. indicar - to indicate, to point out271. inducir - to induce, to influence, to persuade272. influir - to influence273. informarse - to inform oneself, to find out274. inscribir - to inscribe, to record, to register275. inscribirse - to enroll, to register276. insistir - to insist, to persist277. interesarse - to be interested in278. introducir - to introduce279. invitar - to invite280. ir - to go281. irse - to go away282. jugar - to play (a game, sport)283. juntar - to join, to unite, to connect284. jurar - to swear, to take an oath285. juzgar - to judge286. lanzar - to throw, to hurl, to fling, to launch287. lastimarse - to hurt oneself, to feel sorry for, to complain, toregret288. lavar - to wash289. lavarse - to wash oneself290. leer - to read291. levantar - to lift, to raise292. levantarse - to get up, to rise293. limpiar - to clean294. limpiarse - to clean oneself295. llamar - to call, to name296. llamarse - to call oneself, to be named297. llegar - to arrive298. llenar - to fill299. llevar - to carry (away), to take (away), to wear300. llorar - to weep, to cry, to whine301. llover - to rain302. luchar - to fight, to strive, to struggle, to wrestle303. maldecir - to curse304. manejar - to manage, to handle, to drive, to operate (a vehicle) 305. mantener - to maintain, to keep up, to support, to provide for 306. marcar - to mark, to note, to observe307. marchar - to walk, to march, to function (machine), to run (machine)308. marcharse - to go away, to leave309. matar - to kill310. medir - to measure, to weigh, to scan (verses)311. mejorar - to improve312. mencionar - to mention313. mentir - to lie, to tell a lie314. merecer - to merit, to deserve315. mirar - to look, to look at, to watch316. mirarse - to look at oneself, to look at each other (uno a otro, unos a otros)317. mojarse - to get wet, to wet oneself318. montar - to mount, to go up, to climb, to get on, to wind (a watch)319. morder - to bite320. morir - to die321. mostrar - to show, to point out322. mover - to move, to persuade, to excite323. mudarse - to change one's clothes, to change one's place of residence, to move324. nacer - to be born325. nadar - to swim326. navegar - to navigate, to sail327. necesitar - to need328. negar - to deny329. nevar - to snow330. obedecer - to obey331. observar - to observe332. obtener - to obtain, to get333. ocultarse - to hide oneself334. ocupar - to occupy335. ocurrir - to occur, to happen336. ofrecer - to offer337. oír - to hear338. oler - to smell, to scent339. olvidar - to forget340. oponer - to oppose341. ordenar - to order, to command, to put in order, to arrange 342. organizar - to organize, to arrange, to set up343. osar - to dare, to venture344. pagar - to pay345. parar - to stop (someone or something)346. pararse - to stop (oneself)347. parecer - to seem, to appear348. parecerse - to resemble each other, to look alike349. partir - to leave, to depart, to divide, to split350. pasar - to pass (by), to happen, to spend (time)351. pasearse - to take a walk, to parade352. pedir - to ask for, to request353. pegar - to beat, to hit, to slap, to stick, to glue, to paste 354. peinarse - to comb one's hair355. pensar - to think356. percibir - to perceive357. perder - to lose358. perdonar - to pardon, to forgive, to excuse359. permitir - to permit, to admit, to allow, to grant360. pertenecer - to pertain, to appertain, to belong361. pintar - to paint362. pintarse - to make up (one's face), to tint, to color (one's hair, lips, etc.)363. pisar - to tread (on), to step on, to trample364. placer - to gratify, to humor, to please365. platicar - to chat, to talk over, to discuss366. poder - to be able, can367. poner - to put, to place368. ponerse - to put on (clothing), to become, to set (of sun) 369. poseer - to possess, to own370. practicar - to practice371. predecir - to predict, to forecast, to foretell372. predicar - to preach373. preferir - to prefer374. preguntar - to ask, to inquire, to question375. preocuparse - to be concerned, to worry, to be worried376. preparar - to prepare377. prepararse - to be prepared, to get ready, to prepare oneself 378. presentar - to present, to display, to show, to introduce379. prestar - to lend380. principiar - to begin381. probar - to test, to prove, to try, to try on382. probarse - to try on (clothes)383. proclamar - to proclaim, to promulgate384. producir - to produce, to cause385. prohibir - to prohibit, to forbid386. pronunciar - to pronounce387. proteger - to protect388. pulir - to polish389. quedarse - to remain, to stay390. quejarse - to complain, to grumble391. quemar - to burn, to fire392. querer - to want, to wish393. quitarse - to take off (clothing), to remove oneself, to withdraw 394. raer - to scrape, to rub off, to erase, to wipe out395. realizar - to realize, to carry out, to fulfill396. recibir - to receive, to get397. recoger - to pick (up), to gather, to harvest398. recomendar - to recommend, to commend, to advise399. reconocer - to recognize, to acknowledge, to be grateful for 400. recordar - to remember, to recall, to remind401. referir - to refer, to relate402. regalar - to give as a present, to make a present of, to give as a gift403. regar - to water, to irrigate, to sprinkle404. regresar - to return, to go back, to regress405. reír - to laugh406. reírse - to laugh407. rellenar - to refill, to fill again, to stuff408. remitir - to remit, to forward, to transmit409. reparar - to mend, to repair, to notice, to observe410. repartir - to distribute, to deal cards411. repetir - to repeat412. resolver - to resolve, to solve (a problem)413. responder - to answer, to reply, to respond414. retirar - to retire, to withdraw415. retrasar - to delay, to retard416. reunirse - to assemble, to get together, to meet, to gather 417. revocar - to revoke, to repeal418. revolver - to revolve, to turn around, to turn over, to turn upside down419. robar - to rob, to steal420. rogar - to supplicate, to ask, to ask for, to request, to beg, to pray 421. romper - to break, to shatter, to tear422. saber - to know, to know how423. sacar - to take out, to get424. sacudir - to shake, to jerk, to jolt425. salir - to go out, to leave426. saltar - to jump, to leap, to hop, to spring427. saludar - to greet, to salute428. satisfacer - to satisfy429. secar - to dry, to wipe dry430. secarse - to dry oneself431. seguir - to follow, to pursue, to continue432. señalar - to signal, to indicate, to point out, to show433. sentarse - to sit down434. sentir - to feel sorry, to regret, to feel435. sentirse - to feel (well, ill)436. separar - to separate, to detach, to sort, to set apart437. ser - to be438. servir - to serve439. socorrer - to help, to aid, to assist, to succor440. sofocar - to choke, to smother, to suffocate, to stifle441. soler - to be accustomed to, to be in the habit of, to have the custom of442. sollozar - to sob, to whimper443. someter - to subdue, to subject, to surrender, to submit444. sonar - to ring, to echo, to resound, to sound445. soñar - to dream446. sonreír - to smile447. soplar - to blow, to blow out448. sorprender - to surprise, to astonish449. sospechar - to suspect450. sostener - to sustain, to support, to maintain, to uphold451. subir - to go up, to come up, to climb, to rise, to mount, to get on (a train, bus, etc.)452. subrayar - to underline, to underscore, to emphasize453. subscribir - to subscribe, to agree with, to sign454. suceder - to happen455. sufrir - to suffer, to endure, to bear up, to undergo456. sugerir - to hint, to insinuate, to suggest457. sumergir - to submerge, to plunge, to immerse, to sink458. suponer - to suppose, to assume459. suprimir - to suppress, to abolish, to cancel (in mathematics), to eliminate460. surgir - to surge, to appear, to spout, to spurt461. suspirar - to sigh462. tañer - to pluck, to play (a stringed instrument)463. telefonear - to telephone464. telegrafiar - to telegraph, to cable465. temblar - to tremble, to quake, to quiver, to shake, to shiver 466. temer - to fear, to dread467. tender - to extend, to offer, to stretch, to spread out, to hang out (washing)468. tener - to have, to hold469. tentar - to examine by touch, to feel with the fingers, to attempt, to try470. terminar - to end, to terminate, to finish471. tirar - to pull, to draw, to pitch (a ball), to shoot (a gun), to throw, to fling472. tocar - to play (a musical instrument), to touch473. tomar - to take, to have (something to eat or to drink)474. tostar - to toast, to tan, to roast (coffee)475. trabajar - to work, to labor476. traducir - to translate477. traer - to bring478. tratar - to try, to treat a subject479. tropezar - to stumble, to blunder480. unir - to connect, to unite, to join, to bind, to attach481. usar - to use, to employ, to wear482. utilizar - to utilize483. vaciar - to empty484. valer - to be worth485. velar - to stay awake, to guard, to watch over486. vencer - to conquer, to overcome, to defeat487. vender - to sell488. venir - to come489. ver - to see490. vestirse - to dress oneself, to get dressed491. viajar - to travel492. vigilar - to watch (over), to keep guard, to look out for493. visitar - to visit494. vivir - to live495. volar - to fly496. volver - to return, to go back497. votar - to vote, to vow498. yacer - to lie down, to be lying down, to lie in a grave 499. zumbar - to buzz, to hum, to flutter around500. zurcir - to darn, to mend。
浅析西班牙语由原形动词构成的短语
浅析西班牙语由原形动词构成的短语作者：张茉莉来源：《科学与财富》2016年第20期摘要：西班牙语的语言结构复杂，动词变位种类繁多，动词短语更是多不胜数。
文章由简入繁，简明讲述西班牙语中包含原形动词的动词短语的用法，搭配一些真实语境下的例句，便于理解和学习。
关键词：西班牙语教学；西班牙语语法；动词短语；原形动词1 什么是原形动词短语？动词短语是西班牙语学习中一个重要的环节，在写作上也是不可或缺的部分，而在整个西班牙语语法体系中，这也是相对简单，内容相对较少的一部分。
动词短语是指由一个助动词加上关联词（通常是前置词或连词que）再加上另一个动词组成的结构。
而根据第二个动词的形态，动词短语大致可以分为以下三类：动词短语-原形动词（infinitivo）如：Tengo que estudiar mucho.动词短语-副动词（gerundio）如：Lleva tres meses haciendo el trabajo.动词短语-过去分词（participio）如： Ya tengo terminados mis estudios.我们今天要研究的就是最简单的动词短语结构——“动词短语-原形动词”，这个结构是动词短语中学生最容易接受也是最容易理解的，掌握好了可以给西班牙语阅读或口语课程的学习带来事半功倍的效果。
2 结构分析2.1 原形动词短语中的助动词可以分为两种类型：直接助动词和间接助动词顾名思义，直接助动词不通过连接词而直接和原形动词构成动词短语，如：soler+ infinitivo， deber+ infinitivo.而最常见的是间接助动词，也就是通过连接词（通常是前置词或连词que）与原形动词构成动词短语，如：ir a + infinitivo； tener que + infinitivo2.2 助动词不再作为一个独立的或完整的动词存在，而是作为辅助成为动词短语结构的一部分。
2.3 助动词和被辅助的原形动词都失去自主意义：它们之间建立了一个相互依存的关系，助动词主要支撑时态，模式，人称，数等方面，主要实现“语式”价值；而原形动词主要支撑词义。
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西班牙语写作中常见原形动词的短语:preparar + n. + para + inf为什么事情做准备venir + a + inf(来做某事)estar + listo + para + inf准备好了干某事ser +形容词+ inf;要干什么事情怎么样ayudar + a + alguien + {en + n.}o{ a + inf} 帮助某人干某事estar + ocupado + en +algo忙于干某事deber + inf;应该干某事preferir+inf; 令愿，更爱干某事volver + a + inf; 重新干某事estar junto con ;和某人在一起junto + adesear + inf ; acerca de;关于 pasear + por ; apetecer + inf /algo entrar + ende buena calidad; 质量好sacar +de ;从那里取出hacer el favor + de + inf请干某事acabar de + inf ;刚刚结束invitar + a + alguien +a +(país / inf.)邀请permitir + alguien + inf.允许某人干某事Estar + encantado + de + inf 高兴。
mucho gusto + de + inf 很高兴。
de pie站着a pie 步行Estar + lleno + de +algo;装满了。
al fondo del pasillo; 走廊尽头distinguir algo de algo 区分。
arriba + de在上面separar en los partes / separar algo de algo;分开。
viajar +a /por;到那里旅游apearse +de上去subir +a ;下来ordenar + alguien + a + inf;命令某人干某事asistir +a ;出席。
pasar + por ;散步。
tener ganas + de希望。
interesar(se) + por + n. ;对什么感兴趣dejar +de +inf 停止干某事dejar +a + alguien + inf / + que + 虚拟, 让某人干某事además de +n. / inf;除了。
ponerse en camino; 上路decidir+a+inf;决定tardar + tiempo + en + inf耽搁时间干某事dar vuelta / (recorrido)por+地点(;逛了一圈en memoria de纪念; cada uno en su puesto; 各就各位asombrarse +de +algo;惊讶no es para tanto;不至于如此huir de逃离 eatar en apuro;陷入困境tener miedo+de +inf / tener miedo + a +n.; 害怕。
merecer(se) +inf 应该得到aconsejar + a + alguien + inf;劝说某人preocuparse + de + alguien;担心despedirse +de +alguien 告别faltar+ a + n. 缺少; acudir+ a+inf赶来帮助atraído+ por + n.吸引;disfrutar de拥有;disfrutar con享受...fijarse + en +alguien; 注视tener oportunidad de + inf;有机会干某事aplaudir + a + alguien为某人鼓掌tener el hábitil de + inf,习惯。
cultivar el hábito de养成。
的习惯prestar atención a + n.;注意elogiar+a+alguien赞扬某人dar + consejo +a+alguien;给某人劝告;limitarse +a+inf,仅仅agradecer+ a+alguien感谢insistir+en+algo/inf;坚持recordar+a+alguien+que+虚拟句提醒estar+contento+de+inf高兴。
servir de+n,充当precipitarse+ a+ inf;赶。
olvidarse + de + inf ; 忘记alejarse +de;远离echar+a+inf;开始干。
echarse en el sofá, 躺在。
echar del trabajo, 丢了工作echar la siesta;睡午觉pensar+inf;想干某事pensar+en+n.想念某人apresurarse+a+inf;赶着干。
impedir+a+alguien;阻止。
acreditado+en+país驻在，tener+posibilidad+de+inf; 有可能。
dedicarse+a+n.从事。
Tener+experiencia+de+inf;有经验ser+aficionado+a+n.;爱好。
graduarse+de;毕业于。
en+sentido+inverso;相反方向ser+capaz+de+inf;有能力。
alegrarse+de+inf;高兴。
confiar+en信任envidiar+a+alguien+por+algo; 妒忌。
tener+motivo+de+inf; 有原因。
estar+dispuesto+a+inf;准备。
temer+que+虚拟，害怕。
ingresar+en;加入。
adolecer+de;痛。
la mayoría de +n.大部分。
exigir+a+alguien+que+虚拟要求某人干什么。
estar en condición de+inf;有条件干。
estar enamorado de+alguien;爱上。
estar en contacto;与。
有联系enterarse+de+algo;知道。
ofrecerse+de+inf;自告奋勇。
librarde;摆脱。
entretenerse+en+inf;消遣。
darse cuenta de+inf发觉。
a causa de ; 由于。
a lo mejor; 或则a menudo;经常a partir de;从。
起al azar随意。
al lado de;在。
旁边al mediodía;中午ceder el asiento;让座位 cuanto antes;尽快darse prisa; 赶快hacer pregunta ;提问de modo que; 因此de repente;突然dicho y hecho;说做就做hacer el favor;请。
hacer la cama整理床铺de acuerdo;同意más allá再过去一点mejor dicho;确切地说por escrito;笔头的por lo menos;至少tomar el pulso号脉西哥西班牙语与西班牙西班牙语的差异发布时间：2011-02-23 13:02:46 浏览次数：85了解墨西哥西班牙语的特点,尤其是掌握墨西哥西班牙语与西班牙西班牙语的异同所在,有助于提高跨文化交际的能力。
本文仅从几个方面谈论墨西哥西班牙语与西班牙西班牙语的差异特点。
2 关于第二人称复数2. 1 第二人称代词的复数形式vosotros/ as 消失。
墨西哥西班牙语,和美洲其他国家西班牙语一样, 不存在第二人称代词的复数形式vosotros/ as , 就像英语的you , 没有“你们”与“您们”之分,ustedes 指“你们”和“您们”,这是墨西哥西班牙语(也是美洲西班牙语) 最突出的特点之一。
说起原因自然会想到当初来到美洲大陆的西班牙殖民者,直到今天西班牙的Canarias 群岛仍用ustedes 来代替vosotros , 在Andalucía 的Córdoba , Jaén , Granada 也用ustedes 替代vosotros 。
2. 2 第二人称物主代词的复数形式vuestro/a , vuestros/ as 消失。
由于不再使用第二人称代词的复数vosot ros/ as , 第二人称物主代词的复数形式vuestro/ a , vuest ros/ as 也随之消失,取而代之的是su , 或者de ustedes ( su libro , casa de ustedes) , 因此,第一人称物主代词复数nuestro/ a ,nuestros/ as 的使用越来越少, 经常用de nosotros 表达( Puede usar el cubículo de nosotros . ) 。
2. 3 由于没有了“你们”和“您们”之分,人们不再使用vosot ros/ as , 所以动词的所有时态也就不存在第二人称复数的变位形式。
3 语法3. 1 很少用现在完成时(pretérito perfecto) ,一般由简单过去时(pretérito simple) 代替。
一位来自马德里的教师可能认为这样的句子是错误的:—Hoy lleguétarde al desayuno.正确的表达应该是:—Hoy he llegado tarde al desayuno.但是来自墨西哥的教师会认定用llegué的句子是完全正确的。
4 词汇墨西哥西班牙语的特点尤其体现在词汇方面。
4. 1 许多在西班牙常用的词汇在墨西哥早已不用,或者从来未曾出现过,而是有自己专门的词汇。
比如:西班牙墨西哥judías frijolesmono changofontanero plomeroamericana sacotiza giscala alcatrazcacharros trastes4. 2 很多在西班牙被遗忘的词汇,如今在墨西哥却颇有生命力(美洲多数西语国家也是如此) ,仅举几词为例:pararse (ponerse de pie)lindo (alternando con bonito)luego (inmediatamente)demorarse y dilatarse ( tardar , re2t rasarse)其他不同用法、不同写法的词汇:墨西哥西班牙rentar alquilarapurarse apresurarsecocer cocinarcacahuate cacahuetechofer chóferpiyama pijama当我们用西语写作时，中文在词汇上与西语的差别最常见的有两个方面：词的多义性和词句的省略式。