补全译法翻译
四级翻译答题技巧及答题步骤

〔四〕补全译法
对于中文句子中不明显、被省略或未 说明的主语,译者根据实际情况在译文中 将主语成分补全,这就是补全译法。需要 注意的是补充的成分尽管在原句中是主语, 但在译文中不一定都以主语形式出现。补 全主语时,应根据以下原那么:
在春季里吸引了许多人到公园来。
Thousands of beautiful red roses that blossom almost at the same time make the park the great resort of people in spring.
翻译时,定语应尽量与中心词靠近
Twenty years has elapsed in the twinkling of an eye.When looking back,I’m afraid that we won’t know what we can find in the past, happiness or sadness?
[例3]其实,如果家长能够教导孩子适当利 用电脑,电脑就会成为孩子的良师益友。
In fact,some instructions from the parents on how to use computers properly can make the computers good teachers and helpful friends of the children.
〔3〕从主语变换处合译
[例8]不注意眼睛的休息,长时间近距离用 眼或长期的不正确姿势,会使人眼处于视 疲劳状态,进而形成近视眼。
邢帅教育英语四级教程-翻译技巧

(“兵马俑”和“唐三彩”在译文中变换了位置,是为了 避免 of the Tang Dynasty 在结构上产生歧义。)
1.定语的换序
(1)上海是我国最大的工业基地之一。 Shanghai is one of the largest industrial bases in our country. (2)差不多同时开放的几千朵美丽的红玫瑰,在春季里 吸引了许多人到公园来。 Thousands of beautiful red roses that blossom 开花 almost at the same time make the park be the great resort of people in spring .
6.转态译法
(1)可以有把握地说,会议会如期召开。 It can be safely said that the meeting will be held on schedule. (2)几年前发现了一颗新的彗星。 A new comet彗星 was discovered a couple of years ago.
2.汉语中不少虚词如“就”、“又”、“还”、“都 ”等,以及一些名词,如“情况”、“情景”、“观点 ”、“面貌”、“质量”、“事业”等,都可以缩略不 译。 (1)关于洪水问题,我仍然倾向认为种树比其他都重要。 With regard to flood control. I am still inclined to attach more importance to planting trees than anything else.
常用翻译技巧——增译

(2) When at his “Zhua Zhou” ceremony※, Mr.Qian picked up a book among all things, thus the name “Zhong Shu”(book lover) was given to him. ※“Zhua Zhou” ceremony: the traditional ceremony in China for an one-year-old baby at its birthday party to be told to pick up a thing among all things, in which what a baby picks up will foretell the baby’s occupation in the future according to what it picks up. Jerry说:文外注释,加脚注,倒是解释清楚了但是读起来 不方便。
(1)When his one-year-old birthday party, Mr.Qian
picked up a book among all things, thus he was given the name by his parents “Zhong Shu”(book
lover).
增加修辞手段
Life is dear, love is dearer. Both can be given up for freedom. 生命诚可贵,爱情价更高
若为自由故,两者皆可抛
增加了押尾允,增加了对偶对仗。
比喻、拟人、夸张、排比、反复、设问、反问,对引用、对比、 借代、反语。
增译法的好处

增译法的好处增译法是将文本补充或补全翻译的方法,有助于提高翻译质量和读者的理解能力。
以下是增译法的好处:1. 改善翻译质量有时候源语言单词或短语并不能完整地传递信息,翻译时需要增加源语言文本所缺失的信息,让译文更准确地传递原文意思。
例如,“我看见一只鸟”这句话,在英语中可以直接翻译成“I saw a bird”,但是在汉语中读者可能会更好地理解增加“在我的花园里”这一信息;因此译文可以翻译成“我在我的花园里看见了一只鸟”,这种方式让翻译更准确、更易于理解。
2. 帮助改善受众的读解能力增译法可以帮助受众理解原文的内容。
例如,东方文化和西方文化所传达的信息就十分不同。
在东方文化中,往往含蓄,只有让人猜测的暗示和隐含,这可能使西方读者难以领会其含义。
在这种情况下,通过增译法,翻译人员可以增加一些信息或解释来帮助受众了解原文的含义和文化背景,这将帮助他们更好地理解翻译的内容。
3. 增强翻译的可读性增译法可以使译文更好地适应受众,并使其更易于阅读。
有时直译原文可能会使翻译变得僵硬和呆板,以至于难以理解。
因此,使用增译法可以增强翻译的可读性,让翻译更加自然地传递原文所要表达的意思。
4. 增加受众对翻译整体流畅性的认识增译法可以帮助翻译人员更好地传达原文的语感和流畅性。
有时候,译文中可能会有一些不自然的短语或表达方式,从而影响整个文本的流畅性。
在这种情况下,通过增加一些文字来改善这些问题,可以让整个翻译更加流畅,从而提高受众的理解和接受度。
总之,增译法是翻译中非常有用的一种策略,它可以提高翻译的质量,帮助受众更好地理解原文的内容,并增强译文的可读性,从而使整个翻译更流畅。
职称英语综合类补全短文第三篇The Value of Tears逐句翻译

The Value of Tears眼泪的价值Tears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. 泪水可以破坏妆容,使对话停止,让鼻子流涕。
They can leave you embarrassed and without energy. 它可以让你毫不费力陷入尴尬。
However,crying is a fact of life…and tears are veryuseful.但是,哭的确是生活的事实,眼泪也有很多用处。
(1)Even when you're not crying, your eyes produce tears.即使当你不哭的时候,你的眼睛也会产生泪水。
These create a film over the eye's surface.这些泪水在眼睛的表面形成一层层薄膜,This film contains a substance that protects your eyes against infection.这个薄膜包含一种物质,可以保护你的眼睛免受感染。
Tears relieve stress,but we tend to fight them for all sorts of reasons. 泪水可以缓解压力,但是人们为了各种原因抵抗流泪。
"People worry about showing their emotions. They’re afraid that once they lose control, they’ll never get it back,”“人们担心会流露情感,担心一旦失控,就再也收不回来了,”explains psychologist Dorothy Rowe. (2)As children we were sometimes punished for shedding tears or expressing anger. As adults we still fear the consequences of showing emotions.”心理学家DorothyRowe解释道,“我们还是孩子的时候,就常常会因为流泪或表达恐惧而受到惩罚,成年后,我们仍然担心流露情感的后果。
(完整版)断句译法

例2:盛夏炎日,一走进浙江莫干山的林间小 道就汗止心凉,加上清风拂煦,浑身有说不出 的舒坦,忍不住要赞叹一声:莫干山,好一个 清凉世界!
No matter how hot it is "outside", once you step onto the trail through the forest on Mogan Mountain in Zhejiang Province, the sweat withdraws from your body. In addition, the breeze refreshes you with a gentle caress. How cool it is!
例2:以2004年末发生在印度洋的海啸为例, 自然灾害给人类带来的损失有时是超乎想象的。
Ta k e t h e e x a m p l e o f Ts u n a m i happening in the Indian Ocean at the end of 2004. Sometimes, the damage brought by the natural disaster to the mankind is beyond imagination.
断句的方法(2)从关联处(如转折处)断句
例:一名少女由田纳西州来到纽约北部,站 在戏剧夏令营的舞台上,虽然天气是那么好, 她的心情却一点儿也不好。
The adoleding on the stage of a drama summer camp in upstate New York. It's a beautiful day. But the girl doesn't feel beautiful.
断句的方法(5)为了强调语气而采用断句 例:我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平 统一,有关的政策,也是众所周知和不会改变 的,并且正在深入全中华民族的心坎。
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研英语翻译常用多义词

单词熟义生义accomplished a.已完成的,实现的 a.熟练精通的account n.账户n.报告,陈述acknowledge v.(不情愿地)承认v.致谢answer v.回答v.负责answer forapproach v.靠近,接近v.开始,着手(工作,任务)(approach their work .开始他们的工作)artificial a.人工的,人造的 a.不自然的,不真实的assume a.假定,臆测 a.采取,担任(assume many roles 担任许多角色)attribute v.把----归于(to) v.认为是。
所为n.品质,属性,特征balance n.平衡n.差额,余款,结余beam n.横梁,光束v. 发光,微笑bearing n.忍耐n.收获,成果betray v.背叛,出卖v.流露,暴露bond n.联结,结合物n.公债,债券,契约breakdown n.破裂n.分类,(精神等)衰竭chart n.&v.(制)图表v.详细计划code n.代码,代号n.法典,法规coherent a.黏着的 a.(讨论中)一致的column n.圆柱,柱状物n.(报刊中的)专栏condition n.情况v.被----制约consideration n.考虑n.考虑因素cover v.覆盖v.给….保险;采访discount v.打折v.漠视,对…不全信distinct a.不同的 a.清楚的,明白的establish v.建立…机构v.确认,证实establishment n.建立n.机构evolution n.进化n.缓慢进步exploit v.开发,剥削n.功劳,功绩fellowship n.伙伴,友谊n.奖学金figure n.数字,图形,图表,体态,相貌v.出现(in);推断(on)(to figure in history 在历史上留名They ~~d on your arriving.他们预料你会来) finance n.财政,金融v.为…提供资金flatly ad.水平地,平坦地ad.断然地,直截了当地(He flatly refused to join us )fold v.折叠(用于数词后的词缀)倍(five-fold 五倍hundredfold 百倍)foreign a.外国的 a.无关的,不相干的given a.规定的,指定的prep.鉴于,考虑到,倘若gross a.毛,总 a.明显的harbor n.海港,港口v.心怀;给…提供避难处hint n.暗示,示意n.(pl)建议,点子idea n.理论n.思想,观点import v.进口n.要旨,含义inform v.通知,告诉v.告发,告密(~~ on sb)level a.水平的v.对准,指责(Criticism have been leveled against him.)interpret v. 解说v.口译mirror n.镜子n.反映,反射oblige v.强迫,强制v.感激,感谢be obliged topackage n.包裹n.一揽子交易(计划等)(package deal 一揽子交易)particular a.个别的,特定的 a.(用于表语)过分讲究的,挑剔的pattern n.样式,模式v.仿制,模仿peculiar a.独特的,个人的 a.怪癖的platform n.站台,月台n.党纲,政纲practically ad.实际上ad.几乎,差不多preparation n.准备,预备n.制剂,制备品promise v.承诺,诺言n.希望,出息promising a.有希望的,有前途的pronounced a.明显的,显著的,确切的provided pp.被提供的conj.倘若province n.省n.领域provincial a.乡下的 a.目光狭隘的provision n.供应,给养n.条款,规定reach v.抵达n.影响范围far-reaching的影响深远的reason n.原因v.推理reasoning n.推理reserve n.储备,保留n.缄默,谨慎,矜持routine n.惯例n.司空见惯的事royalty n.王族(成员) n.(著作的)版税safe a.安全的 a.谨慎的save v.救prep.除..之外school n.学校n.学派,流派second num.第二v.附和,赞成sensation n.感觉,知觉n.轰动,激动side n.侧面,边v.偏袒,援助solid a.固体的 a.可靠的,有根据的,确实的some a.一些ad.大约,稍微(some 10 years ago 大约十年前)(It`s some warmer 今天稍暖和了点)specialty n.特性n.特产,特制品spell v.拼写v.招致,带来n.符咒(Does laziness always ~~ failure? 懒惰总会导致失败吗?That view might spell doom for marriage 这种观念可能会把婚姻引入绝境) stomach n.胃v.忍受,忍耐How can you stomach their affronts? 你怎么能够忍受他们的侮辱? substantially ad.实际上,实质上ad.(引申)大幅度地be subject to a.易于 a.服从thrust v.刺,攻击,推n.要点,要旨The whole thrust of the project was to make money. 计划的核心在于赢利考研英语知识运用常用易混淆词汇表1.adherence和adhesion这两个词都是“粘附的”意思。
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(3)熟能生巧。
Practice makes perfect.
(4)热烈欢迎各国游客参观故宫。
The tourists from different countries are enthusiastically welcome to visit the Forbidden City
Travelers from various countries are warmly welcomed to visit the Forbidden City.
In the past few years, great changes have taken place in China. There is a TV in almost every family.
(11)他原想她会嫁给他,现在看来,那是竹 篮子打水一场空。 He supposed she might marry him, but now it seems that all are in vain.
The young are different from the aged. Without taking this into consideration, I am afraid, you cannot solve the problem of generation gap.
(8)估计班上大概会有80%的人通过期末考试。
He had thought he would agree to marry him. But now he saw that he had been drawing water with a bamboo basket—all was in vain.
(12)要解决问题,还需要进行系统而周密的 调查和研究工作。 Systematic and thorough research is needed to solve the problem.
(9)司马昭之心,路人皆知。
This Sima Zhao trick is obvious to every man in the street.
(10)在过去的几年当中,中国发生了惊人的 变化,基本上家家户户都有了电视机。 China has witnessed great changes in the past few years, and almost every family owns a TV.
It is not enough to be industrious. What are you industrious for?
Thank you
第六组:熊晓about 80% of the students in the class may pass the final exam.
It is predicted that about 80% of the students in the class will pass the final exam.
(7)青年人与老年人不同。不考虑到这一点, 恐怕解决不好代沟问题。 It is hard to deal with the problem of generation gap if we don’t consider the difference between the young and the elderly.
补全译法
翻译练习
(1)千里送鹅毛,礼轻情义重。
The present is trifling, but the feeling is profound.
The gift itself maybe insignificant as a goose feather, but sent from afar, it conveys deep feelings.
Energy security has become an increasingly pressing issue. It directly affects global economic stability and prosperity.
(14)中国奉行透明的防御性国防政策,立足 点是维护国家的安全和统一。 China pursues the transparent defensive policy and it’s purpose is to safeguard national security and unity.
(2)希望能够有越来越多的人学习汉语,了解 中国文化。
It’s expected that more and more people can learn Chinese and know about the culture of China.
It is hoped that more and more people learn Chinese and know Chinese culture.
China pursues a transparent defense policy. The policy is defensive in nature and it is aimed at safeguarding China’s national security and unity.
(15)光勤劳是不够的,要看为什么勤劳。 When working hard, one should consider why he does so.
In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study.
(13)当前能源问题日益突出,直接影响到世 界经济的稳定与繁荣。 The problem of energy is increasingly serious, which has a direct influence on the stability and prosperity of global economic.
(5)大雨倾盆。
It rains cats and dogs.
(6)在快速阅读中,主要应掌握全文的大意。
The main point is to master the outline of the full text in the skimming and scanning.
In fast reading, it is essential to grasp the main idea of the text.