高中英语语法精讲精练
高考英语语法专题精讲精练-名词性从句
语法专题二：名词性从句1. 名词性从句的基本概念：1) 主语从句：在句中充当主语；亦可用it作形式主语，主语从句置于句末。
2) 宾语从句：在句中充当及物动词或介词的宾语；亦可用it作形式宾语，宾语从句置于句末。
3) 表语从句：在句中充当系动词的表语。
4) 同位语从句：常置于fact, idea, news, promise, doubt, suggestion, possibility, belief等表示有内容的名词后，起解释、说明作用。
2. 注意：1) 名词性从句要用陈述句语序。
2) 名词性从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语时：常用what 导，亦可用which表示选择，用who/whom/whoever指人。
缺少状语：用where（表地点）, when（表时间）, how（表方式）, why（表原因）。
3) 如不缺成份：主语从句、同位语从句用that引导，不能省略；表从、单个动词宾从可省略引导词that；介词宾从、第二个宾从，引导词that一般不省略；it作形式主语或宾语时，引导实际主从或宾从，一般that不省略；当主从、宾从本身为复合句时，引导词that不省略。
如：He told us sadly that what he had done secretly was dis covered by his parents.4) 含宾从的复合句中，主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。
5) 主语从句做主语，谓语动词用单数；如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。
6) 当主句是I/We think（或suppose, expect, believe, imagine, guess）时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定的，常常把否定词not从从句中移到主句中。
7) 只能用whether，不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下：(1) 在表语从句和同位语从句中；(2) 在主语从句中，如果用it做形式主语，whether和if都能引导主语从句，否则，只能用whether(3) 在介词之后；(4) 后面直接跟动词不定式；(5) 与or not连用；(6) 引导让步状语从句，只能用whether。
英语语法精讲精练与专项练习
1. 中文名与英文名：【中文名】由两部分组成-----姓和名，如：Wang Lili一 ,Sun Wukong. 中文名用汉语拼音写成，姓和名要分开写，开头字母都大写。
英文名与中文名顺序恰好相反，名字在前，姓在后。
如：Jim Alan GreenFirst name Middle name Last name︸ | |Given name（教名） Family name（姓氏）【英文名】一般由三部分组成：首名（first name）、中名（middle name）和尾名（last name）,其中first name 和middle name是后起的名字，也叫given name（教名）。
Last name 是家族沿用的名字，也叫family name.【巧学妙记】先姓后名中文名，汉语拼音直写成，姓和名要分开写，开头大写才能行。
英文名，大不同，前面名字后面姓，首名称呼最常用，若要表示受尊重，Mr.Mrs.Miss.Ms.姓前用[专项演练]（）1.My full name is Jerry Harry Potter. My first name is＿and my family name is＿.A .Jerry HarryB .Jerry PotterC .Potter Jerry （）2.I’m Tom Green. You can call (称呼) me＿A. Mr. TomB. Mr. GreenC. Green2.物主代词：在英语中，表示“你的，我的，他的，她的，它的，你们的，我们的，他们的”等意义的代词形式就叫物主代词。
物主代词是代词的所有格形式，用来表示物品的归属关系，即某物归某人所有。
【主格代词】在句中主要作主语，一般放在句首，说明是谁的情况。
I am a student.我是一名学生。
She is my sister.她是我的妹妹。
He is in China now.他现在在中国。
人教版高中英语必修 4 unit 4语法精讲精练--- 分词作定语和状语
必修 4 unit 4语法精讲-----分词作定语和状语一、作定语。
单个的分词作定语时放在所修饰词的前面，但是如果修饰some/any/no/every+thing/body/one 或者指示代词those时，分词应在其后。
分词短语作定语时应放在所修饰词的后面。
在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。
The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= The snow was boring, so the boys wee bored and went home.)注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义；而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。
例如：I have no teeth left.Anyone swimming will be punished.The question being discussed in the meeting is very important.There are a lot of fallen leaves on the ground.二、作状语。
分词在句中作状语时表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果或让步等，多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。
分词用于go doing结构中作目的状语。
分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
如果与句子主语不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，且要用独立主格结构形式来表达。
①时间状语：分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。
现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。
如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式。
过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。
分词前有时加上时间连词。
Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.Having (=When we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed.After finishing his homework, he went to bed.Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.Locked (=When he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.When asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.当请他作演讲时Once recovered, he will go all out to do his work.一旦康复②原因状语：分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。
高中英语语法专题精讲精练-动名词综述
动名词《语法讲解》一、动名词的句法功能动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
（一）、作主语1）直接位于句首做主语。
Read ing is an art.读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。
〖注意〗：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2）用it作形式主语，把动名词（真实主语）置于句尾作后置主语。
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
这种用法在习惯句型中常用，常用句型：It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure … + v.i ng〖注意〗:important, essential necessary等形容词后面不用动名词（常用不定式）。
3）动名词的复合结构作主语当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。
动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。
例如：Their coming to help was a great en courageme nt to us.他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。
Lao Li ' s going there won ' t be of mu老李去去不会有多大帮助。
（二）、作宾语（1）作动词的宾语*某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。
常见的此类动词有: advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, con sider, enjoy, fini sh, cannot help, imagi ne. in elude, keep, keep on. mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postp one推迟），deny（否认）,appreciate 欣赏，感激）,escape, excuse, pardon, can d,'pustaf） give up 等。
[全]高考英语语法精讲与精练-形容词和副词[全考点]
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高考英语语法精讲与精练-形容词和副词一、形容词和副词讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式填空For many people,life is a lot [1]_____(easy)today.Medicine and diet are improving[2]______(quick),and people are getting [3]________(healthy) and living [4]______(long). But the area of life that is changing [5]___________(quickly) of all is communication. Fifty years ago, computers were much [6]_______ (big) and less [7]_________ (power) than they are now. Today, we use the internet, so we can communicate [8]___________(easy) with friends all over the world.Not all the changes are [9]___________(well) ones. More people drive cars instead of riding bikes, so they aren’t as [10]_________(fitness) as they were. Traffic doesn’t just make the roads [11]_______ (crowd), it also makes pollution [12]__________ (bad). We must all think [13]_________(careful) about how we can use [14]___________ (little) energy. We must all work [15]_________ (hardly) to reduce pollution. Keys:1.easier 2.quickly 3.healthier 4.longer 5.(the)most quickly 6.bigger 7.powerful 8.easily 9.good 10.fit11.crowded 12. worse 13.carefully 14.less 15.hard二、形容词考点精讲：形容词考点1、形容词的基本特征与功能1、作定语一般位于被修饰名词的前面（修饰不定代词时放在不定代词的后面）A sunny day阳光明媚的一天a kind person 一个和蔼可亲的人A funny story 一个滑稽可笑的故事classical music 古典音乐I have something interesting to tell you.以a开头的表语形容词(alive、afraid、alike、asleep)或形容词短语作定语时放在被修饰词的后面。
2022年高考英语语法精讲与精练(句子成分和基本句型)
2022年高考英语语法精讲与精练（句子成分和基本句型）5.Traditional festivalsenableusto learn fine Chinese values成分：主语谓语宾语宾语补足语句型结构总结：主语＋谓语＋复合宾语（宾语＋补语）小结：从以上的练习中可知英语中的句子成分包括：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语二、句子成分和基本句型精讲（一）、句子成分：1、主语: 说明句子所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语通常由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
EG:Lucy likes her new car very much. 露西喜欢她的新车。
【名词作主语】He goes to and from schoolby bike every day.他每天都起得很早。
(代词作主语)To learn English well is a challenge.学好英语是一项挑战性工作。
【不定式短语作主语】2、谓语: 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。
例如：We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is like his father. 他像他父亲。
注意：介词不能作谓语，必须与be动词连用，构成系表结构，一起作谓语。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
EG:Music is the utmost pleasure in life.音乐是人生最大的快乐。
As I take each bite, the sweet and mild flavour of the red bean filling slowly fills my mouth.3、宾语: 宾语是动作的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当，说明主语做“什么”。
EG:Tom bought a story-book.汤姆买了一本故事书。
高中英语语法精讲精练---名词性从句
1.______ he wants is a book.2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.3. We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.4. He told us ______ he felt ill.5. The result is ______ we won the game.6. This is _____ we want to know.7. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon.8. The fact______ she works hard is well known to us all.练习：if / whether1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.2. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not.3.___________ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.4.It hasn't been decided____________ we shall attend the meeting.5.We’re worried about ________ he is safe.6. The question is _________ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question__________ the old man will recover soon.8. I don’t know _______ to go or to stay at home.附加练习1.I doubt____________ he can speak English.2.I don’t doubt ____________ he can speak English.Whatever有两个用法，一是引导名词性从句（如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句），二是用于引导让步状语从句。
高考英语复习 语法专题精讲精练 名词和主谓一致(含练习习题及解析)
高考英语复习语法专题精讲精练名词和主谓一致（含练习习题及解析）（一）分类（二）转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换物质名词与个体名词的相互转换可数名词有单数和复数的变化，而单复数的变化又分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
名词考点聚焦名词是英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。
综合近几年高考对名词的考查，单项填空题中，每年都出现1—2道题。
此外，在阅读理解和完形填空中，名词的一词多义、熟词新意也经常涉及。
因此，在备考中一定要结合具体的语境去感悟、理解名词的辨析、名词的一词多义以及名词的习惯用法等。
①We always keep ______ spare paper, in case we ran out.A. too muchB. a number ofC. plenty ofD. a good many【解析】 答案为C 。
“paper”作为“纸”解释时为不可数名词，所以先排除B 和D 两个选项。
根据题意“我们总是准备充足的备用纸张，以防用光。
”选择答案C 。
too much 意为“太多”尽管修饰不可数名词，但用在这儿不符合题意。
②The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ___ pictures of them.A. many ofB. masses ofC. the number ofD. a large amount of【解析】答案为B。
【解析】答案为masses of 意为“大量的”既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词；the number of…意为“……的数量”；a large amount of意为“大量的”后接不可数名词；“many of”后接前面带有定冠词的名词，意为“……中的许多”。
一是考查语义方面的辨析：主要考查某些多义词在特定上下文中的引申含义,以及准确辨别一些同义、近义词在特定语境中的差异的能力。
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高中英语语法精讲精练(一倒装句与强调结构1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.A. Was he given upB. Had he given upC. Did he give upD. If he gave up2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake.A. he then realizedB. did he realizeC. beforeD. he realized3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen.A. he foundB. did he findC. he had foundD. had he found4. Hardly ______ when it started raining.A. the game had begunB. the game beganC. did the game beginD. had the game begun5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China.A. you will findB. can you be able to findC. you may have foundD. can you find6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken.A. It was untilB. It was not until thenC. Not until thenD. Not until7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it.A. did he makeB. he madeC. had he madeD. he had made8. --- What happened to his new car?--- No sooner _______ it than someone ran into it.A. had he boughtB. did he boughtC. he boughtD. he had bought9. _______ from the top of the building when the policeman shot at him.A. Jumped down the murdererB. Down the murderer jumpedC. The murderer jumped downD. Down jumped the murderer10. _______ lies Japan.A. To the east of ChinaB. East of ChinaC. On the east of ChinaD. In the east of Chi na11. ______ that we all went out, lying in the sun.A. The weather so fine wasB. So fine was the weatherC. So the weather was fineD. So was the fine weather12. ______ are the days when women were looked down upon.A. GoneB. GoC. To goD. Going13. Your brother promised to help me and ____________ the next day.A. neither he did and neither did youB. so he did and so did youC. neither did he and neither you didD. so did he and so did you14. _______ , he knew a lot of things.A. A child as he wasB. Child as he wasC. A child was heD. As child was he15. _______ as soon as the bell rang.A. Out the children rushedB. Out did the children rushC. Rushed out the childrenD. Out rushed the children16. _______ for your help, we would be in a very difficult position.A. If it didn’tB. Was it notC. Were it notD. Were not it17. --- Do you know Jim quarreled with his wife? --- I don’t know, _________.A. no r don’t I careB. nor do I careC. I don’t care too.D. I don’t care also18. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life ______ so happy.A. did I feelB. I feltC. I had feltD. have I felt19. _______ can you expect to get a pay rise.A. With hard workB. Although work hardC. Only with hard workD. Now that he worked hard20. Jack is a clever a student and he studies hard at English, ________.A. It was the same with MikeB. So it is with MikeC. So is MikeD. So does Mike21. In such a hurry _______ his office that he forgot to lock the door.A. did he leaveB. he leftC. he had leftD. has he left22. Now __________. A. comes your turn B. your turn comesC. does your turn comeD. your turn coming23. Often ______ them not to smoke here.A. we advisedB. advised weC. did we adviseD. had we advised24. _______ going to join the army.A. Not only are you but also I amB. Not only you but also I amC. Not only you but also I areD. Both you and I am25. Little ______ that the police are about to arrest him.A. he is knownB. did he knowC. does he knowD. is he known26. Was it ______ the professor regarded as the brightest ones?A. them whichB. them whoC. he whoD. that that27. Was it because it snowed last night ______ you didn’t come?A. whenB. thatC. soD. what28. Why was it ______ he wanted the book he gave you?A. whatB. thatC. whyD. how29. It was _______ she was about to leave for work _____ the telephone rang.A. when, thatB. so, thatC. before, thenD. when, before30. It was ______ he said _____ disappointed me.A. what, thatB. that , thatC. what, whatD. that, what31. It was in the lab_____ was taken charge of by professor Black _____ they did the exp eriment.A. that, whereB. which, thatC. whom, thatD. which, where32. It was at the school _______ was named after a hero_____ he spent his childhood.A. which, thatB. where , whereC. that, whereD. which, wher e33. What color is it _______ you have painted your house?A. whatB. whereC. whichD. that34. I’ve alre ady forgotten _____ you put the dictionary.A. that it was whereB. where it was thatC. where was it thatD. that was it that35. It was _______ that I found my books.A. where I had left themB. whereverC. in the place that I had left themD. in the place36. It was in the village ______ now is a big city _______ the earthquake occurred.A. where , whichB. which, whereC. which, thatD. that, where37. It was _____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.A. we being lateB. our being lateC. we were too lateD. because we were late。