翻译英语-6.doc

翻译英语-6(总分：99.99，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)AIn its more extreme forms persecution mania is a recognizedform of insanity. Some people imagine that others wish to killthem, or imprison them, or to do them some other grave injury.Often the wish to protect themselves from imaginary persecutors (1)______leads them into acts of violence which make it necessary to restraintheir liberty. This, like many other forms of insanity, isonly an exaggeration of tendency not at all uncommon among (2)______people who count as normal. I do not propose to discussthe extreme forms, that are a matter for a psychiatrist. (3)______It is the milder forms that I wish to consider, since they (4)______are a very frequent cause of unhappiness, and because, not havinggone much far as to produce definite insanity, they (5)______are still capable of being dealt by the patient himself, (6)______provided he can be induced to diagnose his troubleright and to see that its origin lies within himself and (7)______not in the supposed hostility and unkindness of others. (8)______We are all familiar with the type of person, man or woman,who, according to his own account, is perpetually the victimof ingratitude, unkindness, and treachery. People of such kind (9)______are often extraordinarily plausible, and secure warm sympathyfrom those who have not known them long. Thereis, as a rule, nothing inherently improbable about every separate (10)______story that they relate.（分数：10.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________B1.He was so ______ by his work that he did not notice that other employees had already left.（分数：1.00）A.prevailedB.predominatedC.prescribedD.preoccupied2.It was absurd that women ______ be paid less than men for doing the same work.（分数：1.00）A.shouldB.are toC.oughtD.would3.The number of registered participants in this year's marathon was half ______.（分数：1.00）A.of last year'sB.those of last year'sC.of those of last yearD.that of last year's4.Many political problems are so complicated that the layman cannot see the wood ______. the trees.（分数：1.00）A.ofB.fromC.forD.with5.______ Americans groan about high taxes, most accept that it would be unethical not to pay the taxes owed.（分数：1.00）A.WhileB.IfC.WhereverD.Provided6.The universe is organized in ______ with, in many cases, pretty wide gaps between them.（分数：1.00）A.uniformitiesB.enunciationC.promulgationD.aggregates7.It wasn't so much that I disliked her ______ that I just wasn't interested in the whole business.（分数：1.00）A.ratherB.soC.thanD.as8.Countries bordered by the sea have a pleasant ______ climate because the sea warms the coast in winter and cools it in summer.（分数：1.00）A.arborealB.aquaticC.maritimeD.ocean9.The salon was the most elegant room Madeline had ever seen, despite its ______.（分数：1.00）A.annotationB.parlanceC.releganceD.austerity10.When it was published in 1959, Robert Frank's book, The American, ______ hostility in the United States.（分数：1.00）A.is meeting theB.has been metC.was met withD.will meet it11.When ______, many racists cannot give a logical reason for their attitudes towards other racial groups.（分数：1.00）A.questioningB.having been questionedC.having questionedD.questioned12.There are plenty of expensive and exclusive clubs the world over who can annually relieve you ______ large quantities of money in exchange for the use of their carefully tended ground.（分数：1.00）A.offB.fromC.awayD.of13.The area qualifies for ______ as a site of special scientific interest.（分数：1.00）A.constellationB.vicinityC.designationD.remnant14.National poverty was ______ by rapid population growth.（分数：1.00）A.strengthenedB.reinforcedC.aggravatedD.reduced15.The art of pleasing is a very necessary one to possess, but a very difficult one to acquire, for it can hardly be ______ to rules.（分数：1.00）A.deducedB.conducedC.reducedD.induced16.Investors said they were "surprised and encouraged" by the sentiment, although other shareholders seemed ______ to having Prosser in the role.（分数：1.00）A.resilientB.resoluteC.resoundingD.resigned17.Although I tried to concentrate on the lecture, I was ______ by the noise from the next room.（分数：1.00）A.dissuadedB.avertedC.repressedD.distracted18.Since the World Wide Web was created in 1990, the only way to get onto the internet has been through a computer, a costly box that ______ people as much today as the telephone did 50 years ago.（分数：1.00）A.discouragesB.consolesC.dauntsD.initiates19.______ the Foreign Minister but the Prime Minister too.（分数：1.00）A.They not only sawB.They saw not onlyC.Not only did they seeD.Not only they saw20.Gulf officials say an affluent lifestyle is bleeding the region's heavily ______ water supplies.（分数：1.00）A.subsidizedB.campaignedC.salinatedD.unwarranted四、Part Ⅱ Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Passage OneWhen the television is good, nothing—not the theater, not the magazines, or newspapers—nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence, audience-participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood and thunder, Mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western badmen, Western goodmen, private eyes, Gangsters, still more violence, and cartoons. And endlessly, commercials that stream and cajole and offend. And most of all, boredom. True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if you think I exaggerate, try it.Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to stretch, to enlarge the capacities of our children? Is there no room for programs to deepen the children's understanding of children in other lands? Is there no room for a children's news show explaining something about the world for them at their level of understanding? Is there no room for reading the great literature of the past, teaching them the great traditions of freedom? There are some fine children's shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Search your conscience and see whether yon cannot offer more to your young beneficiaries whose future you guard so many hours each and every day.There are many people in this great country, and you must serve all of us. You will get no argument from me if you say that, given a choice between a Western and a symphony, more people will watch the Western. I like Westerns and private eyes, too—but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest. We all know that people would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated or informed. But your obligations are not satisfied if you look only to popularity as a test of what to broadcast. Yon are not only in show business: you are free to communicate ideas as well as to give relaxation. You must provide a wide range of choices, more diversity, more alternatives. It is not enough to cater to the nation's whims—you must also serve the nation's needs. The people own the air. They own it as much in prime evening time as they do at six o'clock in the morning. For every hour that the people give you—you own them something. I intend to see that your debt is paid with service.（分数：10.00）(1).The author's attitude toward television can best be described as ______.（分数：2.00）A.sullenness at defeatB.reconciliation with the broadcastersC.righteous indignationD.determination to prevail(2).Concerning programs for children, it may be inferred that the author believes that such programs should ______.（分数：2.00）A.include no cartoons at allB.include ones which provide cultureC.be presented only in the morningD.be presented without commercials(3).The statement that "the people own the air" implies that ______.（分数：2.00）A.citizens have the right to insist on worthwhile television programsB.television should be socialized to eater to the nation's whimsC.the government may build above present structuresD.the people own nothing, for air is worthless(4).It can be inferred from the passage in regard to television programming that the author believes ______.（分数：2.00）A.the broadcasters are trying to do the right thing but are failingB.foreign countries are going to pattern their programs after oursC.the listeners do not necessarily know what is good for themD.six o'clock in the morning is too early for a television show(5).The author believes that his tastes are ______.（分数：2.00）A.better than most people'sB.better than those of the television industryC.the same as most peopleD.better than the average childrenPassage TwoScience is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.This book is written for the intelligent student of lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course—simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populated it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human equally.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn't take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, "scientific subculture" means ______.（分数：2.00）A.cultural groups that are formed by scientistsB.people whose knowledge of science is very limitedC.the scientific communityD.people who make good contribution to science(2).We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because ______.（分数：2.00）A.it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scienceB.science affects almost every aspect of our lifeC.scientists live in a specific substructureD.it is easier to understand general characteristics of science(3).The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who ______.（分数：2.00）A.long for deeper understanding of scienceB.are good at producing various gadgetsC.work in a storehouse of dried factsD.are interested in popular science(4).According to this passage, ______.（分数：2.00）A.English is a sexist languageB.only in this scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidlyC.women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our languageD.male nouns or pronouns should not used to refer to scientists(5).This passage most probably is ______.（分数：2.00）A.a book reviewB.the preface of a bookC.the post script of a bookD.the concluding part of a bookPassage ThreeThe age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences causeD. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage. Keasey's research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmfulacts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty,serf-defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressor's action was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to "Bonnie wrecks Arm's pretend house" depending on whether Bonnie did it "so somebody won't fall over it" or because Bonnie wanted "to make Ann feel bad". Thus, a childof five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?（分数：2.00）A.An outline for future researchB.An expanded definition of commonly misunderstood termsC.An analysis of a dispute between two theoriesD.A discussion of research findings in an ongoing inquiry(2).According to the passage, Darley found that after seven months of kindergarten six year olds acquired which of the following abilities?（分数：2.00）A.Differentiating between foreseeable and unforeseeable harmB.Identifying with the perpetrator of a harmful actionC.Justifying harmful actions that result from provocationD.Evaluating the magnitude of negative consequences resulting from the breaking of rules(3).According to the passage, Piaget and Keasey would not have agreed on which of the following points?（分数：2.00）A.The kinds of excuses children give for harmful acts they commitB.The age at which children begin to discriminate between intentional and unintentional harmC.The intentions children have in perpetrating harmD.The circumstances under which children punish harmful acts(4).It can be inferred that the term "public duty" (par（分数：2.00）A.2), in the context of the passage, means which of the following?A. The necessity to apprehend perpetratorsB. The responsibility to punish transgressorsC. An obligation to prevent harm to anotherD. The assignment of punishment for harmful action(5).According to the passage, Keasey's findings support which of the following conclusions about six-year-old children?（分数：2.00）A.They have the ability to make autonomous moral judgments.B.They regard moral absolutism as a threat to their moral autonomy.C.They do not understand the concept of public duty.D.They accept moral judgments made by their peers more easily than do older children.Passage FourThe other day an acquaintance of mine, a gregarious and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly alone in New York for an hour or two between appointments. He went to the Whitney and spent the "empty" time looking at things in solitary bliss. For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone. What had he been afraid of, I asked myself? That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet? But having taken the plunge, he is now on the brink of adventure ; he is about to be launched into his own inner space, space as immense, unexplored, and sometimes frightening as outer space to the astronaut. His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly original. For anyone who can see things for himself with a naked eye becomes, for a moment or two, somethingof a genius. With another human being present vision becomes double vision, inevitably. We are busy wondering, what does my companion see or think of this, and what do I think of it? The original impact gets lost, or diffused."Music I heard with you was more than music. " Exactly and therefore music itself can only be heard alone Solitude is the salt of personhood. It brings out the authentic flavor of every experience."Alone one is never lonely: the spirit adventures, walking in a quiet garden, in a cool house, abiding single there. "Loneliness is most acutely felt with other people, for with others, even with a lover sometimes, we suffer from our differences of taste, temperament, mood Human intercourse often demands that we soften the edge of perception, or withdraw at the very instant of personal truth for fear of hurting, or of being inappropriately present, which is to say naked, in a social situation. Alone we can afford to be wholly whatever we are, and to feel whatever we feel absolutely. That is a great luxury!For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, lie down in the afternoon for a long think (why does one think better in a horizontal position?), read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness.I am lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked alot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my selfish hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants, perhaps, and looking again at each one as though it were a person, by feeding the two cats, by cooking a meal.It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains at the end of the field, hut the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious, bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood, when I can converse again with my hidden powers, and so grow, and so be renewed, till death do us part.（分数：9.99）(1).What does the author mean when she says that "vision becomes double vision" in the presence of another human being (Paragraph 2)?（分数：3.33）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).Why does the author often feel lonely after a lecture trip?（分数：3.33）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).What do you think is the main idea of the passage? Analyze the overall structure of the passage to support yourself.（分数：3.33）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、Part Ⅲ Writing(总题数：1，分数：30.00)21.China's Environment Challenged by Rapid Economic Growth（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。