2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文(6)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材概况大意文章及译文(6)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材概况大意文章及译文（6）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，概括大意部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
How We Form First Impression1 We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her — aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.2 The answer is related to how your brain, allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different1. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information — the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming “signals” are compared a gainst2 a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals “mean.”3 If you see someone you know and like at school3, your brain says “familiar and safe. ‘‘If you see someone new, it says, “new —potentially threatening.” Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories;The height, wei ght, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I’m intrigued. “Or your brain may perceive a new face but famili ar clothes, ethnicity, gestures —like your other friends;so your brain says: “I like this person.” But these preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong4.4 When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking(not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child)that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than leam about the depth and breadth of people — their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character — we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life,hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking — and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.词汇：trait 特点，特征，特性host 一大群，许多 simplistic 过分单纯化的categorical 绝对的 jock 骗子geek 反常的人 stereotype 对……产生成见humane 有人情味的，人文的 sensory 感官的，感觉的cortex 脑皮层 ethnicity n.种族特点intrigue 激起兴趣 freak 怪人注释：1.Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different：从even开始到as different是个结果状语从句，相当于that even very minor ... .，而that是与主句中的so呼应的。
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读判断文章及译文(6)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读判断文章及译文（6）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，阅读判断部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
SmokingSince 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy1.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.Filters and low tar tobacco2 are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.练习：1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. Smoking may induce lung cancer.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. Nicotine is poisonous.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe;A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案与题解：1.B 该题说的是：判断抽烟对健康是否有危害是容易的。
2014职称英语综合阅读理解译文
严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件 的自传性的描述。回忆录作者通常把这些事件作为他们生活的背景。他们详细地描述这些事件并 论述这些事件的重要性。虽然近些年，回忆录这个词似乎开始变得可以和自传互换，但是目前回 忆录也许还没有因外界评论而有所改变。
传记事实上是记录（作者以外).其他人的生活。在很多方面，传记也许是这三种非小说类文 学作品中最难写的了。自传作者知悉他们所写的事件因为他们就生活在其中。但是传记作者不得 不尽量从很多不同的渠道来收集信息。然后他们不得不决定包含哪种事实。他们的目标是用比较 全面的图片来介绍一个人物，并不是过于萝极也不是过于批判。一个公正并详尽的传记也许要花 费许多年来研究并进行书写。
像Fangmeyer的大学那样规模很大的学校，有4万多学生，学生首先想要找到属于他们的校园一角。
威斯康星大四的学生Katie Rowley肯定了调查结果。“我加入校园组织希望让校园感觉上变得小一些，这样不仅可以投入到校园生活中还可以交到很多朋友”。
这些关于友谊的看法并不意味着学生不考虑他们的经历。Heitner说：“我认为很多人加入校园组织来丰富经历，刚上大学的时候，我加入了一些校园组织，希望培养自己的领导能力。”
但是如果没有热情，学生领导者很难经受风雨考验。例如，在四月份，威斯康星大学几个学生组织展开了一项活动，向学生讲述无家可归和贫困。学生领导必须面对一些问题，比如解决争论，受雨天影响而更改活动日期，同学校复杂的机构打交道。
Fangmeyer说：“课外的这种学习确实带来很大不同。”
第三篇 小心鲨鱼! Shark attack!
克雷格 罗杰斯正坐在他的冲浪板上估算着下一波浪离他还有多远，就在这时冲浪板不动了。他低头向水下看，惊悚的一幕出现了：一条大白鲨正在撕咬冲浪板的前端。“
2014年职称英语考试综合类A级真题全文翻译汇总
When Our Words Collide"Wanna buy a body?"That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from self-employed photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S.News.Like many in the mainstream press,I wanted to separate the world of photographers into "them",who trade in pictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana,and"us",the serious news people. But after16years in that role,I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.“想买尸体的照片吗？”自从我当上《美国新闻》的图片编辑之后，我接到的自由摄影师打来的电话很多都是以这么一句开场的。
跟很多主流媒体一样，我想把这些买卖尸体照片或者整天跟着像戴安娜王妃这样的名人后面追拍的摄影师，归到“那些人”里面，而我们“这些人”自然是严肃的新闻人。
但是在这个位置上做了16年以后，我开始怀疑这两个世界是不是真的能轻易区分开。
Working in the reputable world of journalism,I toldphotographers to cover other people's difficult life situations.I justified marching into moments of sadness,under the appearance of the reader's right to know.I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines.And I wasn't alone.既然在新闻界这种声誉卓著的行业工作，我就要求摄影师们去采访其他人艰难的生活状况。
2014全国职称英语等级考试卫生类 补全短文译文
第五部分补全短文第一篇身材苗条的女性可能很早就为体重发愁身材瘦削的女性自认为身体肥胖的原因有很多，但是一项新析研究表明态度通常与童年的经历有关。
研究者发现在他们调查的2，400名身材瘦削的女性中，有将近10%的人认为她们太重了。
童年的经历有可能造成对身体形象存有不正确的态度，其中包括：父亲或者母亲生病，或是年幼时便开始酗酒或是过性生活。
以哥本哈根丹麦癌症协会的Susanne Kruger Kjaer博士为首的研究者认为,社会认为的“理想”女性身材趋向偏瘦型身材。
研究者指出，很多体重正常的女性希望体重再减轻—些。
为了调查身材瘦削女性心目中的身体形象，研究者给2,443名27岁到38岁、体重指数在正常值下限的女性发放了问卷。
这些女性被问及从童年经历到目前的运动习惯等因素。
总的来说，大约10%的女性认为她们太胖了。
那些童年或青少年时代经历过某种”严重的生活事件”的人更容易对身体形象存有不正确的态度，这些事件如父亲或者母亲生病或受教育的希望破灭。
那些还不到15岁就有性生活或开始酗酒的女性也同样如此。
与此形成对照的是，研究者报告说，成年后的痛苦事件，例如严重的疾病或严重的婚姻问题，与不正确的身体形象观无关。
加尔和她的同事们写道：“我们的研究结果表明，对自己体型的不满可能在人生根早的时候就产生了。
”第二篇尿床每天晚上全世界会有数百万的孩子尿床。
尿床现象如此普遍，以至于你们班里也可能有别的孩子也尿床。
大多数孩子不会把自己尿床的事告诉朋友，因此很容易感到你是独自一人，好像全世界只有你一个人尿床。
但你并不是一个人。
尿床的学名是夜间遗尿。
遗尿在家族中代代相传.也就是说，如果你有尿床的毛病，很可能你的近亲小的时候也尿床：正如你的那双蓝眼睛可能遗传白你母亲，或者你的两条长腿遗传自你的叔叔，你尿床也可能是遗传所致。
很重要的一点是没有人会故意尿床。
尿床并不意味着你懒惰或是粗俗。
这是件身不由己的事。
因为某些原因，尿床的孩子感觉不到他膀胱已满而起来去上厕所。
2014年职称英语教材卫生类补全短文word版下载-精
第一篇Weight Worries May Start Early for Slim WomenThere is a range of reasons1 why thin women think they‘re too heavy, but the distorted body image may often have its roots in childhood, the results of a new study suggest.Researchers found that among more than 2,400 thin women they surveyed, nearly 10 percent thought they were too heavy. 1According to the study authors, led by Dr. Susanne Kruger Kjaer of the Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, society‘s "ideal" female body is moving toward an un derweight physique. 2To investigate body image among thin women, the researchers gave questionnaires to 2,443 women ages 27 to 38 whose body mass index2 was at the low end of normal3. 3Overall, almost 10 percent of the women thought they were too heavy. Those who reported certain "severe life events" in childhood or adolescence, such as having a parent become ill or having their educational hopes dashed, were more likely than others to have a distorted body image. 4In contrast, traumatic events in adulthood, such as serious illness or significant marital problems, were not related to poor body image, the researchers report. 5词汇：distort /d?'st??t/ vt.扭曲,歪曲Danish /'deini?/ adj.丹麦的underweight /?nd?'we?t/ adj.重量不足的physique /f?'zi?k/ n.体形questionnaire /,kwest??'ne?; ,kestj?-/ n.调查表dash /d??/ vt.使（希望、计划等）破灭,挫败traumatic /tr??'m?t?k; tra?-/ adj.使人不快的,令人痛苦而难忘的adulthood /'?d?lth?d/ n.成年marital /'m?r?t(?)l/ adj.婚姻的;夫妇间的注释：1.a range of reasons ：一系列原因2.body mass index：体质指数3.at the low end of normal：正常值的下限4.The same was true of...：……也同样如此练习：A. The same was true of4 women who started having sex or drinking alcohol when they were younger than 15 years old.B. Experiences in childhood, including having an ill parent, or starting to drink or have sex at a particularly young age, were among the risk factors for having a distorted body image.C. "Our results indicate that the risk of being dissatisfied with (one‘s) own body weight may be established early in life," Kjaer and her colleagues write.D. Research suggests that many normal-weight women wish to weigh less.E. If worries have altered your appetite or weight, it will help to talk to someone about it.F. The women were asked about factors ranging from childhood experiences to current exercise habits.答案与题解:1.B文章第一段已经提到,使身体瘦削的女性自认为身体肥胖的原因有很多,但一项新的研究表明,对身体形象所存有的不正确的态度有可能与儿时的经历有关。
2014年职称英语理工类考试教材完形填空文章及译文(6)
2014年职称英语理工类考试教材完形填空文章及译文（6）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语理工类教材中完形填空部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Car Thieves Could Be Stopped RemotelySpeeding off1 in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch2. But he is in a nasty3 surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine____1____ , he will not be able to start it again.For now, such devices____2____ only available for fleets of trucks4 and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars5，and____3____ be available to ordinary cars in the UK____4____ two months. The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car incorporates6____5____ miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS7 satellite positioning receiver.____6____ the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the u nit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine____7____ restarted.There are even plans for immobilizers____8____ shut down vehicles on the move8, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.In the UK, an array of9 technical fixes10 is already making____9____ harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,” says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire11 that is funded in part____10____ the motor insurance industry.He says it would only take him a few minutes to____11____ a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools12. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are a far tougher proposition13, as their engine management computer will not____12____ them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out14 by the iginition key. In the UK, technologies like this____13____ achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime15 since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken by using the owner’s keys, which doubles the previous year’s figure.Remote-controlled immobilization system would____14____ a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the____15____ expects.词汇：immobilizer n.使车辆不能调动的装置cellphone n.移动电话，手机ignition n.点火trickle v.慢慢移动immobilization n.使车辆不能调动burglary n.夜窃行为;盗窃注释：1.speed off：超速驾驶2.catch：捕获物，猎获物3.nasty：very unpleasant or annoying使人不愉快的;烦人的4.fleets of trucks：卡车队。
2014年职称英语真题及答案综合类A级(补全短文)
Wrongly convinced man and his accuser tell their storiesNEWYORK,NY,January5,2010.St.Martin’s Press has announced the release of thepaperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelistJohn Grisham calls an “account of violence,rage,redemption(救赎)，and, ultimatelyforgiveness.”The story began in1987,in Burlington,North Carolina,with the rape of a young while college student named JenniferThompson.During her ordeal,Thompson swore to herself that she would neverforget the face of her rapist,a man who climbed through the window of herapartment and assaulted her brutally.________(46)When the police asked her ifshe could identify the assilant(袭击者)from a book of mug shots,she pickedone that she was sure was correct,and later she identified the same man in alineup.Based on her convincing eyewithness testimony,a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for twolife terms.Cotton’s lawyer appealed the decision,and by the time of theappeals hearing,evidence hadcome to light suggesting that the real rapistmight have been a man who looked very like Cotton,an imprisoned criminal namedBobby Poole._____(47)Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face,andonce again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her.Eleven years later,DNA evidencecompletely exonerated(证明……清白)Cotton and justas unequivocally(明确地)convicted Poole,who confessed to the crime._______(48)“The man I was sosure I had never seen in my life was the man who was inches from my throat,whoraped me,who hurt me,who took my spirit away,who robbed me of my soul,”shewrote.“And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions wasabsolutely innocent.”_______(49)Remarkably both were ableto put this tragedy behind them,overcome the racial barrier that divided them,and write a book,which they have subtitled“Our memoir of injustice andredemption.”Nevertheless,Thompson says,she stilllives“with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him sodearly______(50)”A.Jennifer Thompson decided to meetCotton and apologize to him personally.B.Many criminals are sent to prison onthe basis of accurate testimony by eyewithnesses.C.I cannot begin to imagine what wouldhave happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital caseD.Another trial was held.E.Thompson was shocked and devastated.F.During the attack,she made an effortto memorize eveery detail of his face,looking for scars,tattoos(纹身)，or otheridentifying marks.答案：FDEAC。
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2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文（6）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，补全短文部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Mobile PhonesMobile phones should carry a label if they proved1 to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated, he said. “Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight2 but we should be asking for more scientific information，” Robert B ell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. ____1____A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill-effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3. 3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day3. ____2____As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density residential areas5. ____3____The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. ____4____ He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates.____5____ According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to set up a wide-ranging inquiry into possible health effects.词汇：mobile 移动的 electromagnetic 电磁的transmitter tower发射塔 shield 隔离屏circulate 流传 density 密度disregard 不顾 accelerate 加速，加快注释：1.动词prove用的是过去式形式proved,这是一种虚拟语气表示假设的用法。
2.Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight ... 没有人会在一个晚上倒地死去……”overnight 是副词，意为“一夜间;一下子;整夜”。
如：This stadium was not built overnight.这个体育场不是一下子建起来的。
On his way to Europe, John stayed with his parents in Chicago overnight.在去欧洲的途中，约翰在芝加哥他父母那儿待了一个晚上。
3.介词by表示“以……(的速度增加)”。
4.介词by表示“到……前”。
如：By Thursday morning you should complete writing the experiment report.到周四上午你应该写完实验报告。
the year 2000：公元2000年5.many in high density residential areas是独立主格结构。
注意它省略了being，即many(being)in high density residential areas0此夕卜，many指的是many transmitter towers。
6.vat a rate more than three times that of adults可以理解为at a rate(that is)more than three times that of adults，意为“以比成人多两倍的比率”短语中的that指代rate。
倍数的表达法是：“数字+times+名词/that”。
如：His salary is three times that of mine.他的薪水比我多两倍。
The sales Volume of refrigerators in 2000 was twice that in 1999.2000年冰箱的销量比1999年多一倍。
练习：A He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults6.B By the year 20004 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones ：nearly one for every two people.C “If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,” he said.D Then who finances the research?E For example, Telstra, Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community.F The conclusion is that mobile phones brings more harm than benefit.答案与题解：1.C“空1”应该填入与low-level radiation有关的内容，例如：low-level radiation究竟有害还是无害。
所以，C是合适的选项。
此外,直接引语也佐证了选择的合理性。
2.B“空2”前面一句介绍了澳大利亚拥有手机的现状。
选项B的内容是对到2000年之前手机发展前景的预测，内容连贯，是正确答案。
3.E这一段第一句说的是，许多微波发射塔建在人口稠密的居民区。
选项E的内容涉及微、波发射塔的地点选择只考虑到地理位置，而不顾及社区的安全。
选项E扩展了第一句表达的信息。
此外，选项E中出现tower这个词，与第一句的tower相呼应，也佐证了选择的合理性。
4.A“空4”前面一句说的是Robert Bell建议政府应该禁止在儿童比例高的地区(如学校操场、儿童医疗中心、居住小区等)的500米半径范围内建造发射塔。
选项A说明为什么要这样做的原因，因而是答案。
5.D“空5”后面一句说的是major telephone companies出钱资助研究项目的问题，提示了D是正确答案。
译文：移动电话根据科学家罗伯特·贝尔的观点，如果移动电话被证实是一种辐射危害的来源的话，那在上面应该贴一个标签。
而且直到移动电话发射塔的电磁辐射对人体健康的长期影响有一个合乎科学的评价之前，不能建造更多的发射塔。
“没有人会在一个晚上就倒地死去，伹我们还是应该寻找更多的科学论据去指出它的危害。
”罗伯特?贝尔在一次关于少量辐射对人体健康影响的会议上说。
“如果移动电话被证明有危害，就应该在它上面贴一个警告标签，直到设计出合适的隔离屏为止。
”他说。
在公众中一个广泛的流行说法是，现在的科学家们还不能完全地保证，电磁辐射对人类没有负面影响。
正如罗伯特?贝尔所指出，仅在澳大利亚就有330万部移动电话，而且正以每天 2 000部的速度增加。
估计到公元2000年之前澳大利亚将拥有800万部移动电话，接近每两人一部手机。
同时，在澳大利亚境内分布着2 000座发射塔，其中有许多还坐落在人口密集的居民区。
例如，Telstra, Optus和Vodaphone所建造的发射塔从地理位置上来说是合适的，但都忽视了公众的需求。
从这些发射塔发出的电磁辖射可能已经对附近的居民产生了一些有害影响。
罗伯特·贝尔建议，在更多的研究工作未完成之前，政府应该禁止在学校操场、儿童日托中心、医院、运动场所以及儿童占比例较高的居住场所方圆500米范围内建造发射塔。